English 12 Writing and Grammar

<span class='text_page_counter'>(1)</span>CHANGE INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE The active voice:. SA. +. (V). +. O. The passive voice: Sp. +. (be). +. V3/ed. *. SA là chủ ngữ của câu chủ động *. (V) được chia ở các thì *. O là tân ngữ *. M là phó từ. +. M +. (by O). + M. (Sp) là chủ ngữ của câu bị động (be) được chia ở các thì (by O cũng có một số trường hợp không cần dùng) (M thường thì viết lại phó từ đã cho). 1. The present simple tense: (Thì hiện tại đơn) SA + {V / Vs / Ves}+ O + M Sp + {am / is / are} + {V3/ed} + by O + M *.. Chú ý: {V / Vs/Ves} đổi thành: {am / is /are} + {V3/ed}. 2. The present progressive tense: (Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn) SA + {am / is / are} + {V-ing} + O + M Sp + {am / is / are} + {being V3/ed} + by O + M *. Chú ý: {am / is / are} + {V-ing} đổi thành:{am / is / are} + {being V3/ed}. 3. The present perfect tense: (Thì hiện tại hoàn thành) SA + {have / has} + {V3/ed} + O + M Sp + {have / has} + {been V3/ed} + by O + M *. Chú ý:. {have / has} + {V3/ed} đổi thành {have / has} + {been V3/ed}.. 4. The present perfect progressive tense: (Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn) SA + {have / has} + {been V-ing} + O + M Sp + {have / has} + {been being V3/ed} + by O + M *. Chú ý: {have / has} + been V-ing đồi thành {have / has} + been being V3/ed. Người ta ít dùng thể bị động ở thì này. 5. The past simple tense: (Thì quá khứ đơn) SA + V2/ed + O + M Sp + was / were + V3/ed. + by O + M. *. Chú ý: V2/ed đổi thành {was / were} + {V3/ed}. 6. The past progressive tense: (Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn) SA + was / were + V-ing + O + M Sp + was / were + being V3/ed *. Chú ý: was / were + V-ing. +. by O + M. đổi thành was / were + being V3/ed.. 7. The past perfect tense: (Thì quá khứ hoàn thành).

<span class='text_page_counter'>(2)</span> SA. + had + V3/ed. + O + M. Sp + had + been V3/ed + by O + M *. Chú ý: had + V3/ed đổi thành had + 8. The Past perfect progressive tense: SA + had + been V-ing + O + M. been V3/ed.. (Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn). Sp + had + been being V3/ed + by O + M *. Chú ý: had + been V-ing đổi thành had +. been being V3/ed.. 9. The future simple tense: (Thì tương lai đơn) SA + will + Vo + O + M Sp + will. + be V3/ed. +. by O. *. Chú ý: will + Vo đổi thành will. +. M. + be V3/ed.. 10. The future progressive tense : (Thì tương lai tiếp diễn) SA + will + be V-ing + O + M Sp + will. + be. being V3/ed. + by O. Chú ý: will + be V-ing đổi thành will. + M. + be being V3/ed.. 11. The future perfect tense: (Thì tương lai hoàn thành) SA + will + have V3/ed + O + M Sp + will. + have been V3/ed. *. Chú ý: will + have V3/ed. +. by O. đổi thành will. +. M. + have been V3/ed.. 12. The future perfect progressive tense: (Thì tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn) SA + will + have been V-ing + O + M Sp + will. + have been being V3/ed. +. by O. +. M. 13. Special mood: (Dạng đặc biệt) SA + {will / would / shall / should / can / could / may / might / have to / (have) to / (be) going to / used to / had better … + Vo + O + M Sp + {will / would / shall / should / can / could / …} + be V3/ed + by O + M. Change into the passive voice: 1. The hurricane blew off the roofs of the house..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(3)</span> SA (5) O - ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. They have to pay the bill before the first day of the month. SA (13) O M - ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. You should place matches out of the reach of children. SA (13) O M - ___________________________________________________________________________ 4. The builders were building a new restaurant when we came. SA (6) O M - ___________________________________________________________________________ 5. No one can do anything unless someone gives us some more information. SA (13) O M - ___________________________________________________________________________ 6. She gave me the chance to explain my point of view. SA (5) O1 O2 - ___________________________________________________________________________ 7. Somebody has cleaned my shoes and brushed my teeth. SA (3) O1 (3) O2 - ___________________________________________________________________________ 8. They asked a lot of questions at the meting. SA (5) O M - ___________________________________________________________________________ 9. People should stop experiments on animals. SA (13) O - ___________________________________________________________________________ 10. Mr. Pike designed this bridge in 1954. SA (5) O M - ___________________________________________________________________________ 11. The teacher has just explained the lesson in the classroom. SA (3) O M - ___________________________________________________________________________ 12. My sister wrote this letter last night. SA (5) O M - ___________________________________________________________________________ 13. She always does her homework carefully. SA (1) O M - ___________________________________________________________________________ 14. They didn’t tell you the truth of the situation. SA (5) O1 O2 - ___________________________________________________________________________ 15. They converted the major part of the temple into “Lenin’s room.” SA (5) O M - ___________________________________________________________________________ 16. We clear the garages every day. SA (1) O M - ___________________________________________________________________________ 17. They made jean cloth from cotton in the 18th century. SA (5) O M - ___________________________________________________________________________ 18. They have just introduced a new style of jeans in the USA. SA (3) O M - ___________________________________________________________________________ 19. Students have to wear school uniforms when they are at school. SA (13) O M - ___________________________________________________________________________.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(4)</span> 20. The football match attracted thousands of fans. - ___________________________________________________________________________ 21. People speak English all over the world. - ___________________________________________________________________________ 22. John’s father gave me a box of colored pencils. - ___________________________________________________________________________ 23. He has just bought a lot of books written by Charles Dickens. - ___________________________________________________________________________ 24. They are going to translate some novels into Vietnamese tomorrow. - ___________________________________________________________________________ 25. We began to learn English four years ago. - ___________________________________________________________________________ 26. Who painted the door? - ___________________________________________________________________________ 27. What marks did your teacher give you for your answer? - ___________________________________________________________________________ 28. They are going to build a new hospital next year. - ___________________________________________________________________________ 29. People say he is the best doctor. - ___________________________________________________________________________ 30. Nobody has used this machine for ages. - ___________________________________________________________________________ 31. They used recycled plastic to make toys and utensils. - ___________________________________________________________________________ 32. My sister gave me a new pair of jeans on my fifteenth birthday. - ___________________________________________________________________________ 33. They will have to change the day of the meeting again. - ___________________________________________________________________________ 34. You should send the Christmas cards a week before Christmas Day. - ___________________________________________________________________________ 35. The police were searching the shop. - ___________________________________________________________________________ 36. Are they building a new school here? - ___________________________________________________________________________ 37. Lan and her pen pal are visiting many beautiful places in Hanoi. - ___________________________________________________________________________ 38. Has anyone prepared this telephone? - ___________________________________________________________________________ 39. Do you like candies? - ___________________________________________________________________________ 40. Mr. Brown doesn’t teach grammar. - ___________________________________________________________________________ 41. We will grow a lot of tress in the garden. - ___________________________________________________________________________ 42. When does he usually do his homework? - ___________________________________________________________________________ 43. People recycle old car tires to make shoes and sandals. - ___________________________________________________________________________ 44. They will recycle the waste paper in a local factory. - ___________________________________________________________________________ 45. Someone cleans the rooms every day. - ___________________________________________________________________________ 46. John will collect me at the airport. - ___________________________________________________________________________ 47. Mr. Robinson teaches us how to speak English properly. - ___________________________________________________________________________.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(5)</span> 48. Your teacher must sign this form. - ___________________________________________________________________________ 49. Our form teacher will hold a class discussion next Monday. - ___________________________________________________________________________ 50. Will you invite her to your birthday party? - ___________________________________________________________________________ 51. We cannot wear jeans at work. - ___________________________________________________________________________ 52. Do they speak French and English in Canada? - ___________________________________________________________________________ 53. They make these artificial flowers of silk. - ___________________________________________________________________________ 54. Did the idea interest you? - ___________________________________________________________________________ 55. Students are doing a lot of the work. - ___________________________________________________________________________ 56. Someone has given him a lot of money. - ___________________________________________________________________________ 57. Nobody has swept the rooms for weeks. - ___________________________________________________________________________ 58. They have cancelled the meeting. - ___________________________________________________________________________ 59. We have invited all the students in the school. - ___________________________________________________________________________ 60. They will have to change the date of the meeting again. - ___________________________________________________________________________ 61. They are going to invite her for dinner. - ___________________________________________________________________________ 62. They are mending your shoes at the moment. - ___________________________________________________________________________ 63. Should they help Jane with the sewing? - ___________________________________________________________________________ 64. They used to drink beer for breakfast in England years ago. - __________________________________________________________________________. Exercises on Writing Part 1: Associations Underline the word or phrase that is most closely related to the word or phrase on the left. If necessary, use a dictionary to check the meaning of words you do not know. The first one has been done for you. 1. a destination (a place / a time).

<span class='text_page_counter'>(6)</span> 2. ingredients 3. a term 4. to require 5. a detail 6. catchy 7. to state 8. to spread 9. to allow 10. trembling 11. to be concerned 12. blind 13. an achievement 14. a pattern 15. to spot 16. frightening 17. to omit 18. interior 19. to revolve 20. however 21. to shout 22. to share 23. the purpose 24. to create 25. a cycle 26. must do 27. kindergarten 28. suitable 29. extremely 30. cluster 31. a reptile 32. utensils 33. distinguished 34. brakes 35. to reduce 36. an axle 37. a device 38. to purchase 39. a baffle 40. up to six things 41. while 42. an appealing idea 43. a risk 44. a snack 45. the source 46. to eliminate something 47. to arrange 48. huge 49. to scramble 50. to get rid of 51. used to go 52. to view 53. dust 54. bargain 55. property 56. in brief 57. likewise. (for a recipe / for a suitcase) (a direction / a word) (to give / to need) (a general idea / a specific idea) (people like it / people hate it) (to believe / to say) (to move / to stay) (to let / to put) (afraid, nervous / sleepy, tired) (to be interested / to be worried) (cannot hear / cannot see) (something bad / something good) (A1B2C3D4E5 / 12A3BCD4E5) (to see / to run) (afraid / happy) (to forget / to remember) (inside / outside) (to become / to turn) (and / but) (loud voice / soft voice) (to buy half / to give half) (goal / help) (to make / to take) (in a circle / in a line) (need to do / learn to do) (adults / children) (bad idea / good idea) (a little / a lot) (alone / together) (animal / disease) (people / things) (known / secret) (to start / to stop) (to become smaller / to become bigger) (wheels / windows) (a mountain / a thing) (to buy / to sell) (to confuse / to decide) (four or five things / seven or eight things) (after / although) (people hate it / people like it) (a danger / a product) (to allow / to eat) (place / time) (it arrives / it leaves) (to put in order / to write many times) (small / large) (123456789 / 739245816) (to add / to subtract) (went / will go) (to hear / to see) (date / dirt) (cheap / expensive) (you own it / you borrow it) (a few words / a lot of words) (in the same way / very intelligent).

<span class='text_page_counter'>(7)</span> 58. to remove 59. at once 60. a spot 61. narrow 62. to ache 63. to scream 64. a dam 65. vital 66. decayed 67. to rush 68. a contest 69. fur 70. a flood 71. to stir 72. to hide something 73. to pour 74. to attempt 75. plagiarism 76. a surge 77. to reject 78. to quote 79. bland 80. gossip 81. to misbehave 82. to measure 83. fate 84. harmless 85. a reward 86. to strike 87. to lack money 88. to rank 89. seafood 90. a beverage 91. a peak 92. gently 93. to prove 94. horizontal 95. copper 96. to research 97. messy 98. your knee 99. to state 100. to remind 101. your shoulder 102. a stem. (to add / to subtract) (after a little time / right away) (a place / a time) (not covered / not wide) (bad feeling / good feeling) (loud voice / soft voice) (across a highway / across a river) (you need it / you do not need it) (very new / very old) (fast / slow) (a generation / a winner) (on an animal / on a bicycle) (too much money / too much water) (you lawn / your coffee) (you cannot buy it / you cannot see it) (a liquid / a solid) (to do / to try to do) (to follow / to steal) (less / more) (to say no / to say yes) (to glaze something / to repeat something) (tasteless / tasty) (ranges / rumors) (a child / a paragraph) (to find a number / to find a person) (pride / future) (safe / dangerous) (money / to tell again) (to hit / to tell) (poor / rich) (12 x 8 = 96 / 1st, 2nd, 3rd) (sausage / shrimp) (a drink / a food) (a low point / a high point) (hard / soft) (to show / to try) (left-right / up-down) (a metal / a process) (to caution / to investigate) (negative / positive) (arm / leg) (to read / to speak) (to release / to remember) (body / mind) (an animal / a plant). Part 2: Collocations Fill each blank with the word on the left that most naturally completes the phrase on the right. If necessary, use a dictionary to check the meaning of words you do not know. The first one has been done for you. 1. in / on ____________ brief 2. composed / spread water is ____________ of 3. avoid / damage ____________ eating fried foods 4. eye / hand on the other ____________.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(8)</span> 5. banana / cell phone 6. aisle / though 7. of / in 8. in / on 9. cloud / room 10. at / for 11. list / storm 12. and / but 13. in / out 14. in / on 15. deal / must 16. expensive / price 17. first / next 18. bilingual / soaring 19. as / for 20. than / that 21. never / types 22. complain / collapse 23. last / straight 24. insect / reason 25. extremely / widely 26. collapsed / logical 27. do / make 28. for / to 29. in / on 30. climate / goal 31. about / odd 32. building / computer 33. in / of 34. of / on 35. costly / quickly 36. area / first 37. from / in 38. give / keep 39. guessed / seemed 40. lack / polite 41. concrete / land 42. damage / hair 43. example / turkey 44. get / put 45. let / pay 46. the Internet / a problem 47. elbow / remind 48. idea / worm 49. for / of 50. comma / side 51. storm / worker 52. of / to 53. bank / body 54. come / go 55. fish / photo 56. dress / office 57. hair / voice 58. of / with 59. broken / written 60. of / under. to peel a ____________ even ____________ consist ____________ depend ____________ a messy ____________ that book is not suitable ____________ a child make a ____________ of (something) ____________ so on cross ____________ an error talking ____________ the phone a great ____________ of (something) extremely ____________ ____________ of all ____________ prices vegetables such ____________ onions one thing is easier ____________ another have ____________ seen ____________ about something ____________ a long time a poisonous ____________ the most ____________ played sport a ____________ idea ____________ chores ought ____________ ____________ the corner of 41st and Vine Streets a harsh ____________ an ____________ tradition an ancient ____________ to consist ____________ regardless ____________ a ____________ action in a given ____________ their ages range ____________ 18 to 24 to ____________ track of it may have ____________ difficult a very ____________ person barren ____________ with wavy ____________ a relevant ____________ to ____________ ready to ____________ a fee to point out ____________ my left ____________ a smart ____________ he reminded me ____________ my father the opposite ____________ a skilled ____________ a symbol ____________ freedom a slender ____________ (mảnh khảnh, yếu ớt) to ____________ to mind a faded ____________ a tidy ____________ curly ____________ stuffed ____________ feathers ____________ chains the connotation ____________ a word.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(9)</span> Part 3: Word forms Each item below contains a group pf related words. Identify the word form of the words in each group. Write N (noun), V (verb), ADJ (adjective), or ADV (adverb) on the line. (Some items will not have all four forms.) Use a dictionary if necessary. The first one has been done for you. 1. increasingly ADV increase N increasing ADJ increase V 2. believe ____ belief ____ believable ____ 3. illegality ____ illegal ____ illegally ____ 4. logically ____ logic ____ logical ____ 5. finance ____ finance ____ financial ____ financially ____ 6. sweetly ____ sweet ____ sweeten ____ sweetness ____ 7. simplicity ____ simply ____ simple ____ simplify ____ 8. equality ____ equal ____ equally ____ equalize ____ 9. benefit ____ benefit ____ beneficial ____ beneficially ____ 10. freedom ____ free ____ free ____ freely ____ 11. beautify ____ beauty ____ beautiful ____ beautifully ____ 12. satisfactory ____ satisfy ____ satisfying ____ satisfaction ____ 13. happily ____ happy ____ happiness ____ unhappy ____ 14. voluntarily ____ volunteer ____ voluntary ____ volunteer ____ 15. economical ____ economy ____ economically ____ economize ____ 16. industrial ____ industry ____ industrialize ____ industrially ____ 17. action ____ actor ____ actress ____ actively ____ 18. advisably ____ advise ____ advisable ____ advice ____ 19. calculation ____ calculate ____ calculable ____ incalculable ____ 20. careful ____ careless ____ care ____ caring ____ Part 4: Sentence transformation 1. The house is too expensive for me to buy. -. The house ___________________________. = It is ________________________________. 2. Mary is too young to apply for a job. -. Mary is not _____________________________________________. 3. This exercise is easy enough for me to do. -. This exercise is so _____________________. = It is such _____________________________. 4. This shirt is too small for her to wear. -. This shirt is so ________________________. = It is such _____________________________. 5. The book is so interesting that I have read it several times. -. It is such _____________________________________________. 6. To do this job is quite difficult. -. It is _____________________________________________. 7. To learn English is not easy. -. Learning _____________________________. = It is ________________________________. 8. To learn a foreign language is difficult. - Learning ______________________________. = It is ________________________________. - How difficult ___________________________ 9. To live on my own is really hard. - I find it ________________________________ = It is _______________________________ - Living __________________________________________________________.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(10)</span> 10. They have known for a long time. -. It is a long time ___________________________________________________. 11. The little boy hasn’t eaten anything since yesterday. -. The little boy _____________________________________________________. 12. It is the first time I have traveled to France. -. I haven’t _________________________________________________________. 13. I have never spoken to a French man. -. It is the first time ___________________________________________________. 14. I haven’t seen him since we were students. -. I last saw _________________________________________________________. 15. Tom hasn’t met Mary since last year. -. The last time _______________________________________________________. 16. He did this exercise in an hour. -. It took him _________________________________________________________. 17. Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492. -. America ____________________________________________________________. 18. This book is not as expensive as that one. - This book is __________________________________________________________ 19. Tim doesn’t run as quickly as David. - David runs ____________________________________________________________ 20. My husband doesn’t drink a lot. He doesn’t smoke a lot. -. My husband neither ______________________________________________________. 21. Tom asked me, “Where do you live?” -. Tom asked me where _____________________________________________________. 22. “Can you close the door for me, Ann?” said Mr. Brown. -. Mr. Brown asked Ann _____________________________________________________. 23. Music interests her greatly. -. She has a great ___________________________________________________________. 24. Everyone loves her because she behaves well. - Everyone loves her because of ________________________________________________.

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