Cach dung cua ADJECTIVE

<span class='text_page_counter'>(1)</span>*** GROUP. MEMBERS ****. 1. NGUYỄN THỊ TRÚC LY 2.HUỲNH THI HỒNG NHIÊN. ADJECTIVE I. DEFINITION : - An adjective is a word that describes a noun. Ex: The hungry tiger. The word “ hungry” describes the nound “tiger” - An adjective usually modifies a noun or pronoun and usually prededes the noun or the pronoun which it modifies. Ex : This is a beautiful flower. II. FUNCTION : An adjective modifies a Noun or Pronoun.  Some special cases : - An adjective modified by an adverb, a phrare or a clause functioning as an adverb Some nouns, pronouns, participle phrsses can also act as adjectives..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(2)</span> - The “ a, an ”are also adjectives III. POSITION: 1/ In front of nouns which are they describe. Ex : I have a small hat. 2/After “ tobe”, linking verds such as : appear, become, feel, get, seem.. Ex: She is lovely. 3. After “ How” in exclamatory sentence. Ex: How beautiful the sky is ! 4.After adverbs of degree. Ex : Her voice is strangely beautiful. 5. After a noun: Ex: All the people present approved of the decision. In this case, We see an Adj can be used after a Noun because this Adj belongs to a relative clause which is shortened/ omitted. 6.After indefinite pronouns. Ex: There is something strange in my eyes. IV/ CLASSIFICATION OF ADJECTIVE :. 1/ Interrogative adjective : which, what, who,.. Ex: Which plants should be watered twice a week ? 2. Demonstrative adjectives : this, that, these, those.. Ex: This apartment needs to be fumigated. 3. Indefinite adjectives: some, any, many ,few,.. Ex: Many people belives that he will win in the gold medal in the race. 4.Definite adjectives: one, two, one hundred,….. * Note : definite adjectives – ordinal adjectives : first, second, third,.. 5.Exclamatory adjectives : What…!, Such…! Ex: What a pity ! Such a boy ! 6. Possessive adjectives : my, your, his, her,its, our, their,.. Ex: I can’t complete my excercises because I don’t have a textbook. 7.Qualitative adjectives : beautiful, ugly,good,... 8. Physical description: a/ Size : big, small,.. b/ Shape : square, short, long,...

<span class='text_page_counter'>(3)</span> c/Age : old, young.. d/ Color: white, red, grey,.. 9. Origin: American, Italian, Japan. 10. Material: silver,metal, gold, wooden,.. 11.Type : a digital TV 12.Purpose: Ex: An alarm clock ( means a clock used to alarm) 13.Qualifier:/ final limiter often regarded as a part of the noun. Ex: Rocking- chair, hunting-cabin. (is also called subordinate noun).. V. FORMATION: 1) Adj + Adj : dark-blue, red-hot.. 2) N + Adj : snow-white, coal-black.. 3) Adj + N-ed : dark-eyed, short-haired… 4) V-ed/ V-ing : learned, educated, frightening.. 5) N+ - en : golden, wooden.. 6) N + - ern : Sourthern, Northern,.. 7) N + - ful : beautiful, hopeful,.. 8) N/ Adj + -ish : childish, blackish 9) N + - less : homeless 10) N + - like : childlike 11) N + - ly : lovely 12) N/ Adj + - some : handsome 13) N + -Y : RAINY, WINDY.. 14) Adj + Verb : fine-cut 15) Un -/ In - + Adj : uncomfortable, inactive… VI. COMPARISONS OF ADJECTIVE: 1) Comparative of equality : AS + Adj + As ( Or : not + as + Adj + as ) Ex: He is as tall as his father. 2) Comparative of inferriority : Less + Adj + than.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(4)</span> Ex: She is less intelligent than her sister/ 3) Degrees of Adjectives: Adjectives can express degrees of modification: Ex : Mary is a rich woman, but Josie is richer than Mary, and Skimmy is the richest woman in town - The degrees of comparison are known as the positive, the comparative, and the two things and the superlative for comparing three or more things. The word than frequently accompanies the comparative and the word the precedes the superlative. The inflected suffixes -er and -est suffice to form most comparatives and superlatives, although we need -ier and -iest when a two-syllable adjective ends in y (happier and happiest); otherwise we use more and most when an adjective has more than one syllable. a) Comparatives : - short Adj + -er + than Ex: Today is hotter than yesterday. – More + long Adj + than Ex: This chair is more comfotable than the others. b) Superlatives: - The + short Adj + - est ( + Noun) Ex: Tom is the tallest boy in my class. - The most + long Adj ( + Noun) Ex: She is the most intelligent girl in our class. Positive. Comparative. Superlative. rich. richer. richest.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(5)</span> lovely. lovelier. beautiful more beautiful. loveliest most beautiful. Adjectives have irregular forms in the comparative and superlative degrees: Irregular Comparative and Superlative Forms good. better. The best. bad. worse. The worst. little. less. The least. much many some. more. The most. far. further. The furthest. ** SOME SPECIAL COMPARISONS OF ADJECTIVES (DOUBLE COMPARISON) 1) ADJ + - ER AND ADJ + -ER Ex: Mary is younger and younger. 2) MORE AND MORE + long ADJ Ex: She becomes more and more beautiful. 3) LESS AND LESS + ADJ Ex: My teacher becomes less and less serious. 4) THE + comparatives + S + V, THE + comparatives + S + V.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(6)</span> Ex: The sooner you leave, the earlier you will arrive at your destination. The hotter it is, the more miserable I feel. 5) THE LESS + ADJ + S+ V, + THE LESS+ ADJ + S+ V. VII. THE ORDER OD ADJECTIVES :. Determine -> Observation->Physical Description -> Orgin -> Matreial-> Qualifier -> Noun. The categories in the following table can be described as follows: 1. Determiners — articles and other limiters. 2. Observation — postdeterminers and limiter adjectives (e.g., a real hero, a perfect idiot) and adjectives subject to subjective measure (e.g., beautiful, interesting). 3. Size and Shape — Adjectives can be used to describe size (big, small, little, long, tall, short, same as, etc). Adjectives can be used to describe shape. (round, circular, triangular, rectangular,..). 4.Age — Adjectives can be used to describe age (e.g., young, old, new, ancient) Ex: He was an old man." or "She was an old woman.".

<span class='text_page_counter'>(7)</span> 5. Color — adjectives can be used to describe colour.( blue, red, green, brown, yellow, black, white, etc. ) Ex : "The blue bag." or "The blue bags".. 6. Origin — denominal adjectives denoting source of noun (e.g., French, American, Canadian). 7. Material — denominal adjectives denoting what something is made of (e.g., woolen, metallic, wooden). 8. Qualifier — final limiter, often regarded as part of the noun (e.g., rocking chair, hunting cabin, passenger car, book cover). THE ROYAL ORDER OF ADJECTIVES Physical Determin Observat Descripti er ion on. Origin. Size. Age. Shape. Material Qualifier Color. a. beautiful. old. an. expensive. antique. four. gorgeous. her our those. Italian. longstemmed. red. short. black. big. Noun. old. some. enormous delicious. silver. mirror. silk. roses. English. square. several. sheepdog wooden. young. car. hair. dilapidate little d. that. touring. American. hat. boxes. hunting. cabin. basketball players. Thai. Size ->Colour -> Orgin ->Material -> Purpose -> Noun. food.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(8)</span> Ex: The small grey Japan wooden chair The short dark hair. The beautiful girls. VIII. ADJECTIVE AND PREPOSITION : Many Adjectives are followed by specific prepositions. Ex: interested in / happy about / crazy about / keen on / suitable for / fond of / afraid of / familiar with / amazed at / embarrassed by/ excited about/ satisfied with/ worried about …. Ex: We were worried about the traffic leaving the parking lot. This armchair is suitable for your flat IX. ADJECTIVES AS NOUNS: We can use adjectives as if they were nouns. Ex : The poor The rich The handicapped.

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