education of the US

<span class='text_page_counter'>(1)</span>EDUCATION IN THE U.S.. Lecturer: Ly Thi Hoang Men.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(2)</span> CONTENT . History and. . System. . Education. . Achievemen. . Challenges. . Beliefs. development of. education. philosophy. ts. values in education. and.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(3)</span> HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT . 1. 642: first steps toward establishing a system of public school in Massachusetts . 1. 647: Mass. passed law required every town to provide children with schools and schoolmasters  ext 40 years: all colonies followed Mass.. N.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(4)</span> HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT E.  nd of 17th century: citizens of English Colonies were to be educated;. children. to. be. prepared. for. conducting. political, economic, and religious affairs of colonies. A.  fter American independence in 1783: education developed rapidly. (school. districts,. well-equipped. schools,. professional educators and educational administrators).

<span class='text_page_counter'>(5)</span> HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT 1.  787: Northwest Ordinance mandated each township in Northwest Territory to reserve at least a mile square for educational. purpose. and. required. each. state. to. establish public higher education institutions.  homas Jefferson(1801-09) urged Virginia law makers to implement the plan for “More General Diffusion of Knowledge”.. T.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(6)</span> HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT . A. . 1. fter 1860s: education became compulsory. 870: 6.5 mill. 5-16 year olds in public schools (57% school-age children and youths)  880: 15.5 mill. (72% school-age children and youths). 1.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(7)</span> HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT arly 20th century: teaching transformed into “women’s profession” and fundamental assumptions about American education system shaped (how schools are organized, who they serve, how they are staffed).

<span class='text_page_counter'>(8)</span> HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT ollege & university enrollment (in 194 194 196 196 197 197 198 200 million) 0 6 1 9 4 9 9 3 1.5. 2.0. 4.0. 8.0. 10. 0. 11. 6. 13. 5. 17. 5.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(9)</span> SYSTEM OF EDUCATION Postgraduate Studies. Doctor’s Degree. Graduate Studies. Master’s Degree. Undergraduate Studies. Bachelor’s Degree. Senior High School. Grades 9 – 12. Junior High School. Grades 6 – 8. Elementary School. Grades 1 – 5. Kindergarten. 4 – 5 years old. Nursery School. 2 -3 years old.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(10)</span> STRUCTURE Education is divided into 3 stages: -Elementary education -Secondary education -Higher education Elementary and Secondary education is compulsory.

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<span class='text_page_counter'>(12)</span> STRUCTURE . Elementary and. Secondary education is free at public schools. . Higher. . Education. . Public. education requires tuition fee. has. two sectors: public and private school. systems are supported by a combination of local, state, and federal government funding..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(13)</span> STRUCTURE C.  urriculum decisions in public schools are made largely at. the. local. and. state. levels. by. local. board. of. education.  ll public school systems are required to provide an education free of charge to everyone of school age in their districts (85% children). A.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(14)</span> STRUCTURE Privat e schools may be of 2 kinds institutions privately owned and operated institutions run by religious organization At private schools, children have to pay for education but charge rates vary depending on geographic location, the school's expenses, and the availability of funding from sources other than tuition..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(15)</span> STRUCTURE  rivate schools cater for different needs: - college-bound students - gifted students - students with learning disabilities or other special needs - students with specific religious affiliations..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(16)</span> STRUCTURE . H. igher education refers to undergraduate and graduate studies.  ndergraduate studies commonly consists of four years of study leading to a Bachelor’s degree. U.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(17)</span> STRUCTURE H.E. institutions: - Community College (Junior College) - Liberal Arts College - University - Professional School - Institute of Technology and Technical School.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(18)</span> STRUCTURE  dmissions criteria for undergraduate studies at college or university are: - Rigorous curriculum in high school - Students’ GPA - Class ranking - Standardized test scores (Such as the SAT or the ACT tests). -. Essay. -. Other achievements. -. Interview.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(19)</span> STRUCTURE Graduate. studies. are. conducted. after. obtaining an initial degree and sometimes after several years of professional work leading to a more advanced degree such as a Master's degree or a Doctor’s degree (Ph.D. or others)..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(20)</span> STRUCTURE Entrance into graduate programs usually depends on: - Student's undergraduate academic performance - Professional experience - Standardized test scores: GRE(general), GMAT(business), LSAT(law), MCAT (medicine).

<span class='text_page_counter'>(21)</span> EDUCATION PHILOSOPHY Education is universal Education is decentralized Education is comprehensive Education is professional Education pays attention to both intellectual development and character building Education is of practical value.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(22)</span> EDUCATION PHILOSOPHY . E. ducation system is universal: Children within an age range have right to education services which are supported by public taxation. . E. ducation system is decentralized: No federal authority to organize and oversee a national education system with a uniform curriculum requirements or uniform standards for both teacher and student qualifications. Funding and administration are responsibilities of local or state governments..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(23)</span> EDUCATION PHILOSOPHY. E. ducation is comprehensive: Schools offer a variety of options that reflect the diversity of interests and abilities of students. E ducation is professional: Education is managed and serviced by professional educators and administrators E ducation pays attention to both intellectual development and character building: Beside rigorous academic curriculum are many extracurricular activities. E ducation is of practical value.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(24)</span> ACHIEVEMENTS . P. roviding education for great proportion of population (1940: 38% 25-29 year olds got H.S. diploma & 6% got coll. Degree compared with 1985: 86% 25-29 year olds got H.S. diploma & 22% got coll. Degree)  roducing proportionately more college students than any industrial nations (1981: 32% had college education; Canada: 17.2%; Sweden: 15.5%; Japan: 14.5%). P.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(25)</span> ACHIEVEMENTS A ssuring high quality education: Prestigious universities, Nobel prize holders and leading scientists, highly qualified labor force, international students O ffering equal opportunity for education to all citizens including the under-privileged (2003 literacy rate: 97% & 95% 14-17 year olds attend H.S.) M inimizing discrimination: Affirmative action; federal funding; accommodation of handicapped students.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(26)</span> CHALLENGES Confli cts about bilingual and multicultural education. Inequ ality (rich vs. poor areas) Existe nce of racial discrimination Decli ne in quality in elementary and secondary education (1983 report – A Nation at Risk).

<span class='text_page_counter'>(27)</span> CHALLENGES S hortage of teaching staff esp. math and science teachers D rop-out rates esp. among minority students V iolence and other negative practices.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(28)</span> BELIEFS & VALUES IN EDUCATION . E. . E. ducation forms the foundation of democracy. ducation is the means by which the values of equality of opportunity and competition are exercised  ducation promotes individual freedom and self-reliance. E.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(29)</span> BELIEFS & VALUES IN EDUCATION Education. realizes. the. values. of. material. wealth and hard work Education helps to fulfill American Dream Education forms the foundation of democracy: educated citizens are able to govern the country and protect democracy..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(30)</span> BELIEFS & VALUES IN EDUCATION Education is the means by which the values of equality of opportunity and competition are exercised: - Public school system: open to all; tax-supported. - Education ladder: climb as high as one can Education promotes individual freedom and self-reliance: - encourages and helps students to reach their maximum potential - motivates people to seek higher status - develops students’ critical thinking skills and other personal and social skills.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(31)</span> BELIEFS & VALUES IN EDUCATION ducation realizes the values of material wealth and hard work.. ducation helps to fulfill American Dream: become rich and powerful with high education..

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