Tài liệu 400 must have words for the toefl part 5 docx

4.
exponentially adv.
At a very fast rate
In Turkey, the value of the lira has decreased exponentially in the
last several decades.
Usage tips
Exponentially is taken from mathematics, where an
exponent is a number indicating how many times something is
multiplied by itself. For example, 4
3
contains the exponent “3,”
indicating 4 × 4 × 4.
Parts of speech
exponent
n,
exponential
adj
5.
infinitesimal adj.
Immeasurably small
The number of contaminants in the water was infinitesimal, so the
water was safe to drink.
Parts of speech
infinitesimally
adv
6.
maximize v.
To increase or make as great as possible
A coach helps each athlete maximize his or her potential.
Parts of speech
maximum

n,
maximum
adj
7.
parallel adj.
Being an equal distance apart everywhere
The street where I live runs parallel to the main road through town.
Usage tips
Parallel is often followed by to.
Parts of speech
parallel
n,
parallel
adv
8.
proportion n.
A part in relation to the whole
The average employee spends a large proportion of each workday
answering e-mails.
Usage tips
Proportion is often followed by of.
Parts of speech
proportionate
adj,
proportionally
adv
9.
rate n.
The cost per unit of a good or service; the motion or change that
happens in a certain time.

Postal rates in Japan are among the highest in the world.
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Some grasses grow at the rate of one inch per day.
Parts of speech
rate
v,
rating
n
10.
sequence v.
To organize or arrange in succession
Volunteers have been asked to sequence the files and organize the
boxes.
Parts of speech
sequence
n,
sequentially
adv
TOEFL Prep I
Complete each sentence by filling in the blank with
the best word from the list. Change the form of the word if necessary.
Use each word only once.
adjust arbitrary denominator infinitesimal rate
1.
Students felt that the exam was unfair and the grading system was
rather __________.
2.
The __________ of increase in prices made it difficult for people to af-

ford basic goods.
3.
Politicians promised great changes in the coming year, but any im-
provement in people’s lives was __________.
4.
She quickly overcame her culture shock and found it easy to
__________ to the new country.
5.
You can add two fractions that have the same __________.
TOEFL Prep II
Find the word or phrase that is closest in mean-
ing to the opposite of each word in the left-hand column. Write the
letter in the blank.
1. arbitrary (a) mix up
2. maximize (b) intersecting
3. sequence (c) minimize
4. infinitesimal (d) huge
5. parallel (e) planned out
Time Efficiency
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TOEFL Success
Read the passage to review the vocabulary you
have learned. Answer the questions that follow.
Time is, as we all know, money. Such valuation of time leads people to
extreme efforts to maximize their use of time. Some people obsess over
knowing the exact time. They buy clocks and watches that
automatically adjust themselves over the Internet or by radio
waves.These measurements allow them infinitesimal accuracy
in dealing with time. Regardless of how one tracks time, most

people share a common goal: They want to use time
effectively. Since about 1982, this efficiency has increased
exponentially each year, thanks to computers and their ability to
multitask. In multitasking, a computer executes several different tasks in
parallel. Rather than being set arbitrarily, each task is given a priority in
the computer’s operating system, and time is spent in proportion to the
priority of the task.The computer executes different sequences
of tasks at
different clock cycles, thereby increasing the rate of output from a process.
1.
Why does the author mention computer multitasking in this article?
a.
because it is new
b.
because it measures time better than any clock
c.
because it helps people to arrange their activities sequentially
d.
because it is a good example of the efficient use of time
2.
The underlined word sequences in the passage is closest in meaning to
a.
styles
b.
lengths
c.
orderings
d.
difficulty levels
Lesson 5

Time Efficiency
TOEFL Prep I
1.
arbitrary
2.
rate
3.
infinitesimal
4.
adjust
5.
denominator
TOEFL Prep II
1.
e
2.
c
3.
a
4.
d
5.
b
TOEFL Success
1.
d
2.
c
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Bonus Structure—
As we all know
is a writer’s device
for appealing to
common knowledge.
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LESSON
Ancient Life
Target Words
1.
accuracy
6.
integrally
2.
adjacent
7.
overlap
3.
compress
8.
retain
4.
feasibly
9.
seep
5.
gut
10.
structure
Definitions and Samples

1.
accuracy n.
Precision; exactness
The research department checks all our articles for accuracy of facts
before we print them.
Usage tips
Accuracy is often followed by of.
Parts of speech
accurate
adj,
accurately
adv
2.
adjacent adj.
Next to
Even though the villages are adjacent to each other, their residents
speak different languages.
Usage tips
Adjacent is often followed by to.
Parts of speech
adjacency
n
3.
compress v.
To press together
To make the foundation stronger, they compressed the soil before
pouring the concrete.
Parts of speech
compression
n,

compressed
adj
6
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4.
feasibly adv.
Practically; in a way that can work
Scientists can’t feasibly bring energy from deep ocean currents to
where it is needed—on land.
Parts of speech
feasibility
n,
feasible
adj
5.
gut v.
To empty or hollow out
In order to remodel the house, we must first gut it and throw away
all the old fixtures.
Usage tips
Gut also means “the stomach of an animal”; this verb
makes an image, that the inside of a building is like the inside of an
animal.
Parts of speech
gut
n,
gutted
adj
6.

integrally adv.
In a whole or complete manner
Writing and spelling are taught integrally as part of the reading
program.
Parts of speech
integrate
v,
integrity
n,
integral
n,
integral
adj
7.
overlap v.
To lie over part of something; to have elements in common
One of the two assistants will likely get fired, since most of their du-
ties in the office overlap.
Parts of speech
overlap
n
8.
retain v.
To keep or hold
The rain fell so heavily that the banks of the river could not retain
all the water.
Parts of speech
retainer
n,
retention

n
9.
seep v.
To pass slowly for a long time, as a liquid or gas might
As the containers rusted, the toxic waste seeped into the ground.
Usage tips
Seep is often followed by into or through.
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