Tài liệu A complete English language course part 18 ppt

Phrasal verbs
bring along – if you ask someone to bring something along, it means that
you want them to bring it with them; it’s a bit like come along (Unit 5).
drop by – ‘visit at home’; if you want to invite someone to call on you at
home next week, you can say Why don’t you drop by next week?
hand in – if we find someone’s wallet in the street and we take it to the
police station, we call this handing something in.
invite round – ‘invite to your home’.
pick up – ‘collect’. We use this phrasal verb for both things and people –
We can pick up the food on the way back; Can you pick me up from
the station?
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10 Which do you
prefer?
In this unit you will learn how to:
• compare things
• express preferences
• compare and contrast what people do
• use adverbs of degree
Dialogue 1
Rosemary and Stuart are discussing preferences.
S
TUART
: Which do you prefer – Indian or Chinese food?
R
OSEMARY
: Well, I really like both.
[thinks for a moment]
I suppose I prefer Chinese when it’s a takeaway, but
I’d rather have Indian when I go out. What about
you?

S
TUART
: Indian is my favourite. And I don’t like Italian food
at all.
R
OSEMARY
: Neither do I.
Dialogue 2
Hannah and Natalie are trying on clothes in an expensive shop.
H
ANNAH
: What do you think of this jumper?
N
ATALIE
: You can’t afford that – it’s £60!
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H
ANNAH
: I know. But what do you think of it?

N
ATALIE
: I prefer the red one.
H
ANNAH
: You’re just saying that because it’s cheaper.
N
ATALIE
: No I’m not! I really think it’s better.
H
ANNAH
: That’s fine, then – you buy the cheap one, and I’ll buy
the nice one.
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Idioms
• We use I suppose to show that we are not quite certain about the
statement we’re going to make. I suppose I prefer Chinese food
means ‘I think I prefer Chinese food, but I’m not quite sure’.
See also Language point 89.
• at all after a
NEGATIVE
verb means ‘completely’ – I don’t like
Italian food at all means ‘I really dislike Italian food’.
• favourite means ‘(the one) I like best’ – you can use it as a
NOUN
:
Curry is my favourite
or as an
ADJECTIVE
:

Curry is my favourite food
• can’t afford means ‘haven’t got enough money for . . .’
Language point 59 – comparatives and
superlatives
When we compare two things we can use the
COMPARATIVE
form of
the
ADJECTIVE
. Here are some examples:
cheap These shoes are cheaper
than those
heavy Steel is heavier
than aluminium
comfortable My new armchair is more comfortable
than
my old one
good I think brown bread is better
than white
There are two ways of forming comparatives of regular adjectives:
1 with short adjectives, we add -er (so cheap → cheaper)
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Spelling rules
• When the adjective ends in -e, we add -r:
fine → finer
blue → bluer
• When the adjective ends in a single vowel + single consonant, we
double the consonant:
big → bigg
er
hot → hott
er
• When the adjective ends in
CONSONANT
+ y, we change -y to -ier:
happy → happier
heavy → heavier
2 with longer adjectives (more than two syllables) we simply put
more before the adjective:
comfortable → more comfortable
expensive → more expensive
Notice that you can’t use -er with longer words, and you can’t use
more with short words:
comfortable → more comfortable not ‘comfortabler
’
cheap → cheaper not ‘more cheap
’
There are also some

IRREGULAR
comparatives that you simply have
to learn:
good → better
bad → worse /ws/
We use than /ðn/ ,
WEAK FORM
/ðən/, between the comparative and
the second thing compared:
London is bigger than
Paris
James is taller than
Ben
And when we compare three or more things or people, we use the
SUPERLATIVE
– you can form it directly from the
COMPARATIVE
that
we’ve just seen:
• change -er to -est: cheaper → cheapest
hotter → hottest
heavier → heaviest
• change more to most: more comfortable → most comfortable
more expensive → most expensive
• irregular: better → best
worse → worst /wst/
Unlike the comparative, the superlative is always used with the:
The blue shirt is cheaper than
the red one
The white shirt is the cheapest

(of them all)
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