Cau truc ngu phap on thi Dai hoc

<span class='text_page_counter'>(1)</span>CẤU TRÚC ÔN THI ĐẠI HỌC 1) Always/ constantly (lien tục) / continually (lien tục) / forever (mãi) : dung thì hiện tại tiếp diễn khi muốn than phiền Ex: You are always complaining about my cooking. 2) be : dung thì hiện tại tiếp diễn khi nói về sự tạm thời/nhất thời, không phải bản chất. Ex: He is being naughty now (cậu ấy đang nghịch ngợm ). He is usually obedient (cậu âý thường ngoan). 3) bị động: “be/get V3/ed” 4) bị động truyền khiến (nhờ người khác làm gì) : have / get sth done ( Vd: I had my car washed yesterday – tôi đem xe đi rửa (tiệm rửa). Tuy nhiên, thường dùng “get” nếu có “must” (Ex: I must get my car serviced), nếu có sự nỗ lực (Ex: I eventually -cuối cùng got the car fixed) , và “trong câu mệnh lệnh” (Ex: Get your hair cut! Đi cắt tóc đi) (ai bị lấy cắp/… cái gì ) : have sth done (Vd: I had my car stolen yesterday- tôi bị mất xe) - chủ động truyền khiến: have sb do sth , get/ask sb to do sth : nhờ ai làm gì 5) should + V1 : khi đi sau các động từ như: “advise / recommend / suggest / urge (thúc dục) / demand (đòi hỏi) / prefer / insist / request …” hoặc sau cấu trúc: “It’s important that / It’s necessary that / It’s good that …” Ex: He advised that you should go home. It’s important that we should be modest. (phải có that mới dùng should, nếu không có that thì dùng to-V) -ta có thể bỏ should trong cấu trúc này Ex: He advised that you go home. It’s important that we be modest. 6) need V-ing : cần được = need to be V3/ed 7) is/are to + V1 = have to (tương lai) = be supposed to ( Ex: All students are to assemble in the hall at 9:00) 8) be about to = be due to + V1 = be on the point of + V-ing : sắp 9) wouldn’t V1: không chịu = refused to V1 (quá khứ) (Ex: I asked but she wouldn’t say) Won’t V1: sẽ không chịu (Ex: No matter what you say, she won’t tell the truth – Cho dù bạn nói gì, cô ấy sẽ không chịu nói sự thật đâu) 10) would V1: thường làm gì trong quá khứ (chỉ đi với động từ hành động) (Ex: Every week he’d buy his mother a bunch of flowers) 11) used to V1: đã từng, đã thường (+ động từ hành động/trạng thái) (Ex: I used to like (trạng thái) ice-cream; I used to go (hành động) swimming a lot) 12) was going to V1: đã dự định (nhưng không làm) 13) I was wondering if you wanted to… Tôi tự hỏi là bạn có muốn… (dùng quá khứ nhưng nói hiện tại : lịch sự) 14) have/has been V-ing: thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn : Cách dung 1: kéo dài đến giống thì hiện tại hoàn thành, cách dung 2: hành động đã chấm dứt nhưng để lại kết quả ở hiện tại Ex: I’ve been running. That’s why I’m hot. 15) Don’t touch the switch (công tắc).  Bị động: The switch isn’t to be touched. (Công tắc không được chạm) 16) happen to V1 : tình cờ 17) should trong mệnh đề If : khả năng khó thể xảy ra (người nói không nghĩ sẽ xảy ra).

<span class='text_page_counter'>(2)</span> Ex: if you should see Ann, could you ask her to call me? (Nếu bạn có gặp Ann, hãy nói cô ấy gọi tôi nhé?) If your goods should have mistake, please let us know. (Nếu hàng của bạn bị lỗi, hãy báo chúng tôi biết) 18) will/would trong mệnh đề If : lịch sự và nhấn mạnh. Ex: If you will / would wait here, I’ll see if Mrs Green is free. (Nếu bạn chờ ở đây, tôi sẽ đi xem Bà Green có rảnh không) 19) If you hadn’t helped us , … = but for your help, … (nếu không có bạn giúp) 20) If + tính từ : (Ex: If interested, apply within. Nếu thích, hãy nộp đơn vào trong) Ex: If necessary, take a taxi. 21) Đảo ngữ mệnh đề If : bỏ If và đảo “Had / Were / Should” ra trước S. Ex: Should you see Ann, could you ask her to call me? 22) It’s time / It’s high time / It’s about time + S + V2/ed (hoặc were V-ing) : đã đến lúc It’s time / It’s high time / It’s about time + for O + to V1 23) would rather + S + were/ V2/ed : muốn ai làm gì Would rather + V1 (+ than V1): muốn làm gì (hơn là…) = would sooner … than … 24) prefer to-V1 / V-ing : thích hơn Prefer V-ing to V-ing : thích … hơn … Would prefer: thích hơn (Ex: I’d prefer it if you didn’t go. Điều kiện 2) Would prefer + O + to-V1 (Ex: I’d prefer you not to go) 25) hardly ever = rarely = scarcely = seldom : hiếm khi (nghĩa phủ định) 26) no sooner … than… = harldly / barely / scarcely ….when … : ngay khi … thì…. just as … : ngay khi 27) đảo ngữ : khi từ mang nghĩa phủ định đứng đầu câu Gồm các từ như: Seldom, never, neither(cũng không), nor (cũng không), not, never before, on no account (không vì bất cứ lý do nào), under/in no circumstances (dù trong hoàn cảnh nào), at no time = never, by no means (không hề, không bao giờ), not only, barely (chỉ, vừa mới), only (only then, only once (chỉ một khi), only later, only by…) , hardly, no sooner… Ex: Only then did she realize the truth. Hardly had they finished work when the light went out. -Not until, only when, only if : đứng đầu câu đảo ngữ mệnh đề 2. Ex: Not until she arrived home did she have dinner. Đảo ngữ với so / such: -So + adj + was + S that …: quá ... đến nỗi (Ex: So hot was the day that he took off his shirt) -Such + was + S that … : quá … đến nỗi (Ex: Such was his hunger (cơn đói) that he couldn’t go on learning) -Đảo trạng ngữ nơi chốn/phương hướng chuyển động ra đầu câu  đảo luôn động từ ra trước chủ từ ( với điều kiện S là cụm danh từ) Ex: Her father stood in the doorway  In the doorway stood her father. A portrait of the King was above the fireplace. Above the fireplace was a portrait of the King. Here is/comes Sandra’s car. (nhưng “Here she is” không đảo động từ vì S là đại từ “she”) The rocket (tên lửa) went up.  Up went the rocket. -Đảo ngữ trong câu so sánh bằng và hơn với “as / than”: Ex: The cake was excellent, as the coffee was.  The cake was excellent, as was the coffee. Children watch more television than adults do.  Children watch more television than do adults..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(3)</span> 28) Although / when / if / since (từ khi) ... + V3,ed / V-ing / Adj : là dạng rút gọn mệnh đề (khi S của 2 mệnh đề giống nhau) Ex: Although sick, he tried to come. 29) whether …. or … : dù … hay … Whether …. (or not) : dù/liệu ….hay không 30) even if = whether or not : dù … hay không Ex: Even if Tom doesn’t speak Spanish, I think he should still visit Madrid. (= whether or not he speaks Spanish, I think…= whether he speaks Spanish or not, …) 31) Much as … = although : mặc dù Ex: Much as I enjoyed the holiday, I was glad to be home. 32) Adj + though / as … : mặc dù Ex: Hot though (as) the night air was, they slept soundly. (ngủ ngon) 33) in spite of the fact that = despite the fact that = although 34) mục đích của hành động: for + N = to-V1 (I’m saving for a new car = I’m saving to buy a new car) Mục đích sử dụng của 1 đồ vật/thiết bị : for + V-ing (An umbrella is used for protecting us from the sun or rain) 35) provided (that) = providing (that) = as long as = so long as = on condition that : miễn là = if Suppose = supposing (that) = Imagine : giả sử = if Given that = Assuming that : cứ cho là = if In case + S V: lỡ mà But for + cụm danh từ : nếu không vì Ex: Imagine we won the competition! (Imagine what we would do if we won the competition.) Suppose someone told you that I was a spy (gián điệp)! (What would you say?) 36) As if …= as though… : như thể Ex: He acts as if he were in charge. (sự thật: he isn’t in charge) (không thật ở hiện tại) He acts as if he is in charge. (sự thật: he is in charge) (thật ở hiện tại) You look as if you had just seen a ghost. (trông bạn như thể vừa gặp ma) (không thật ở quá khứ) 37) as + mệnh đề / N : như, như là like + mệnh đề / N : như, giống như 38) It was ….that….: chính là ….mà… (trước “that” là danh từ/ trạng từ / đại từ gì cũng được) It was ….who / whom / which … : chính là … mà…(theo quy tắc của mệnh đề quan hệ) Ex: It was Mary that gave you the present. ( = Mary gave you the present) 39) Mệnh đề danh từ làm S  động từ chia số ít Ex: What surprised me was his calmness. (= His calmness surprised me) That he didn’t come was surprising. ( = It was surprising that he didn’t come) 40) Câu hỏi đuôi: -I am …., aren’t I? -V1 …., will you? (câu mệnh lệnh) -Don’t …., will you? (mệnh lệnh phủ định) - Let’s…, shall we?.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(4)</span> -This / that is …., isn’t it? - There is …., isn’t there? - có từ mang nghĩa phủ định như “seldom, nobody, never, scarcely…” , khẳng định? 41) the+ N + of whom / which = whose + N : mệnh đề quan hệ Ex: The table the leg of which was broken yesterday has been repaired. = The table whose leg was broken yesterday has been repaired. 42) must + V1 : chắc là  phủ định: can’t V1 : không thể nào (suy đoán hiện tại) must have V3/ed : chắc là đã  phủ định : can’t have V3/ed : không thể nào đã (suy đoán quá khứ) - tương tự suy đoán ít chắc chắn hơn với: “may / might / could” : có thể mustn’t V1: không được phép should V1 : nên (khuyên ở hiện tại) should have V3/ed : lẽ ra đã nên (tiếc nuối chuyện quá khứ) 43) If I were you, … : là lời khuyên 44) almost = nearly : hầu như, gần như (thường đi với “all, every”) Ex : Almost everyone likes this food. Most people : hầu hết mọi người (nói chung) Most of the people : hầu hết mọi người (nói riêng về 1 bộ phận người đan nói) 45) Nguyên tắc 1 : hai câu không nối nhau bằng dấu phẩy, mà phải có liên từ (so, and, but, although…) Nguyên tắc 2: cụm Ving/ p.p luôn có chủ từ giống mệnh đề sau. Nguyên tắc 3: không có chủ từ, không chia thì. 46) tính từ / danh từ / V3/ed / V-ing / to-V1 : có thể đứng sau và bổ nghĩa cho N Ex: Make the world happy; consider him good Make the world a better place; consider him the leader The house destroyed in the fire has been rebuilt. (destroyed : bị phá huỷ  bị động) The house standing near the pine garden is mine. (standing : đứng  chủ động) Who was the last person to leave the room? 47/ Tính từ/ V-ing / V3,ed / to-V : ĐỨNG ĐẦU CÂU HOẶC CUỐI CÂU LÀM TRẠNG NGỮ, NGĂN với mệnh đề chính BẰNG DẤU PHẨY (thực chất đây là dạng rút gọn mệnh đề) - V-ing , S + V : nghĩa chủ động ( Finishing homework, she went to bed) Having V3/ed , S + V : đã (Having finished homework, she went to bed) - V3/ed , S + V : nghĩa bị động (bị, được) (Cooked well, the food was more delicious) - To-V , S + V : Để … (To save money, I have to skip breakfast) - Tính từ, S+ V (Tired, she went to bed early) 48) Bare infinitive: nguyên mẫu không to God save the Queen! Long live the King! = May the King live long! Chúc Hoàng thượng vạn tuế Be that as it may, … : Tuy vậy = Nevertheless Come what may, … : Dù chuyện gì xảy ra = Whatever may come / happen 49) No matter what = whatever + (N) + S + V, …: cho dù = It doesn’t matter what … No matter how = however + adj/adv + S + V, …: cho dù = It doesn’t matter how … Tương tự với who/whoever, where/wherever, when/ whenever… 50) likely (adj) : có thể It’s very likely that she’ll ring me tonight: rất có thể là cô ấy sẽ gọi điện cho tôi tối nay.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(5)</span> He is likely to come now : anh ấy có thể đến bây giờ 51) Given + cụm danh từ, … căn cứ vào Ex: Given his age, he' s a remarkably fast runner =Ở tuổi anh ta, anh ta thật là một người chạy rất nhanh. 41) regardless of …: bất chấp allergic to … (adj) : dị ứng với, ghét, có ác cảm với However, … : tuy nhiên (có thể đứng cuối / giữa câu) Nevertheless, … : tuy vậy (trang trọng hơn However) While = Whereas …: trong khi (nối 2 ý tương phản) NGOẠI LỆ ĐỌC /id/ khi thêm –ed: * aged : có tuổi là, lớn tuổi (adj) * blessed : thần thánh, thiêng liêng, hạnh phúc, may mắn (adj) * crooked : cong, oằn, còng (adj) * dogged : ngoan cường, bền bỉ (adj) * learned : học rộng, uyên bác (adj) * naked : trần (adj) * ragged : xơ xác, tả tơi, bù xù (adj) * wicked : xấu xa, độc ác, nguy hiểm (adj) * wretched : khốn khổ, cùng khổ, bất hạnh (adj) PHRASAL VERBS: Cut down on = reduce the amount of : cắt giảm Catch up with = reach the same place as : bắt kịp Come up against = meet , encounter (gặp phải) Come up with = think of : nghĩ ra Drop in on = visit : ghé thăm Face up to V-ing = accept , deal with : chấp nhận, giải quyết Feel up to = feel fit to do : cảm thấy khoẻ Get away with = avoid discovery : trốn đi với Get on with = continue with : tiếp tục với Get round to V-ing = find time to do : có thời gian Get up to = do, often something wrong : làm chuyện gì sai Go in for = have as a hobby : thích Grow out of = become too old for : quá già để Keep up with = stay in the same place as : bắt kịp, theo kịp Look down on = disrespect : coi thường Look up to = respect : coi trọng Look forward to : mong Make up for = compensate for : bồi thường cho, đền cho Put up with = bear : chịu đựng Run out of = have no more of : hết, cạn Stand up for = defend : ủng hộ Ask after = ask for news of : hỏi thăm Call for = come and collect : đến rước. Call on = visit : ghé thăm Come across = find by chance : tình cờ gặp / thấy Come into = inherit : thừa kế Count on = depend on : phụ thuộc vào Deal with = take action about : giải quyết Do without = manage without : tự xoay sở mà không có Get at = suggest : đề nghị Get over = recover from : bình phục Go over = discuss the details : thào luận chi tiết Join in = contribute to : tham gia, đóng góp vào Live on = have as income : sống dựa vào Look into = investigate : điều tra Look round = look at everything : nhìn quanh Make for = go in the direction of : đi về hướng Pick on = choose a person to punish : chọn ai để phạt Run into = meet by chance : tình cờ gặp See about = arrange : sắp xếp See to = take care of, attend to : quan tâm, chú ý Stand for = tolerate : chịu đựng = đại diện cho, viết tắt của Take after = have the same characteristic as : giống Call off = cancel : huỷ bỏ Leave out : chừa lại, bỏ qua Make up = invent : bịa Put aside = save : để dành Put off = postpone : hoãn.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(6)</span> Put sb up = provide accommodation : cho ở nhờ Show sb around = give a guided tour : đưa đi tham quan (nơi nào) Take over = buy a company, take sb’s place : tiếp quản, đảm trách Take up = start a hobby : bắt đầu chơi… Tear up = tear into pieces : xé vụn Think over = consider : suy nghĩ kỹ Try out = use for the first time : thử dung Turn down = refuse an offer : từ chối Wear out = make tired : làm mệt lã Work out = find a solution : giải quyết Break down = stop working : hư hỏng. Break out = begin suddenly : nổ ra (chiến tranh) Come out = be published : ra mắt, được xuất bản Get away = escape : trốn thoát Give in = yield : nhượng bộ, nhường Plead with : nài nỉ Go off = explode, ring : nổ, reo Look out = watch out : cẩn thận, coi chừng Show off = behave to attract attention : khoe khoang Take off = leave the ground : cất cánh = cởi ra Turn up = arrive : đến, xuất hiện Wear off = fade away : mờ dần, yếu dần, phai dần. COMMUNICATION: 1/ - Do you feel like going to the cinema this evening? – That would be great. 2/ - I’m awfully sorry about your carpet. You must let me pay to have it cleaned. – Don’t worry. It’s all right. 3/ - More coffee anybody? – I’d love some. 4/ - Excuse me, but is it far from here to Anglesham? – Just keep going along this road. 5/ - I wish you wouldn’t smoke in here! – Sorry, shall I open the window? 6/ - Could you tell me whether this train stops at Hatfield? – I believe it does. 7/ - Shall I collect the tickets for you? – That would be a real help. 8/ -What would you do in my situation? – I think you should ask for a loan (khoản vay) from the bank. 9/ - How do you do. I’m Bill Thompson. - How do you do. (xin chào) 10/ - What do you think of my new car? – It’s all right, I suppose. 11/ - Do you promise to pay me back at the end of the month? – I promise. 12/ - Can I use your phone? – Of course / you can’t / you mustn’t. 13/ -Where do you suggest I stay? – I recommend the Hilton. 13/ - I can’t stop worrying about my exam tomorrow. – I’m sure you’ll do well. 14/ -Would you mind move your bag from the seat? – Oh, sorry. 15/ - How kind, you really shouldn’t have bothered. – It was nothing, really. ( Bạn thật tốt bụng, bạn thật sự lẽ ra không nên phiền làm gì.) 16/ -Is it all right if I use your bike? – Sure, go ahead.. Tổng hợp communication: Chúc mừng: 1. —Well done and congratulations to you. —Thanks very much. 2. —I hope you’ll succeed in everything. —So do I. 3. —I wish you success. —Thank you. 4. —We send you our best wishes. —Thank you very much. 5. —Happy new year ! —Happy new year!（The same to you.） 6. —A merry Christmas to you. —Thank you. 7. —I hope you’ll have a good time. —Thank you. 8. —Happy Birthday! —Thank you. Mời: 1. —Would you like to come to the party? —Oh yes, thank you. 2. —I hope you can come to the dance next Saturday. —I’m sorry, but I can’t. 3. —Will you go dancing with us? —Of course. I'll be glad to. 4. —Will you come to our English Evening? —Yes, thank you. 5. —Would you please give us a talk on English Learning? —OK. When?.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(7)</span> 6. —You and your friends must come over to my house and see mooncakes. —OK. Thank you very much. Biểu lộ đồng ý và không đồng ý: 1. —I think the shop is closed at this time of day. —No, I think it’s open. 2. —I think foreign languages are more interesting than science. —I really can’t agree with you. I prefer science. 3. —I think I shall read a book instead. —Good idea. That’s much better than watching a bad TV Programme. 4. —I don’t think that it's true. He’s always telling strange stories. —I know. But this time I can’t decide if he is right or not. 5. —I think Chinese is more popular than any other subject. —Maybe. But I prefer art. 6. —Don’t think in Chinese when you’re speaking English. —You are quite right. Xin lỗi: 1. —Sorry to trouble you. —That’s all right. 2. —Oh, I am so sorry. —That’s quite all right. 3. —I’m sorry to give you so much trouble. —No trouble at all. 4. —I’m sorry. I lost the key to your bike. —It doesn’t matter. 5. —Sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time. —It doesn’t matter. 6. —You haven’t paid for it yet. —Oh, I’m really very sorry. Khuyên bảo,đề nghị 1. —The park isn’t far from here. Shall we walk there? —OK. 2. —You’d better close the windows. It’s cold in the room. —All right. 3. —If you are not better by then, I’ll take you to see the doctor. —OK. Thank you very much. 4. —You must look after yourself and keep healthy. —Yes, I will. Thanks. 5. —The museum is very far from here. Let’s catch a bus, shall we? —OK. Let's catch a bus. 6. —You must remember the saying: Whatever you do, do it well. —Thank you for your advice. Gọi điện: 1. —Hello! —Hello, Bill? —No, this is Sam. —Hi, Sam. This is Mike. How are you? 2. —Hello. —Hello. May I speak to Mr. Green? 3. —No. 5 Middle School. —Mr. Green, please. —I’m sorry. Mr. Green is not in. —When will he be back? —About six this afternoon. —All right. I'll ring again then. —Very well. 4. —Hello! —Hello, Han Mei. Could I borrow your Chinese-English Dictionary please? —Sorry! It’s not a very good line. Could you speak more loudly? —Could I borrow your Chinese-English dictionary? —Sure. I’ll bring it to you tomorrow. —Thank you. Goodbye. Xin phép: 1. —Please let me help you. —No, thanks. I can carry it. 2. —Can I see your licence, please? —OK. 3. —May I call you James? —Of course, if you wish. 4. —Could I borrow a pen, please? —Of course. With pleasure. 5. —Excuse me. May I use your dictionary? —Yes, here you are. 6. —May I ask you several questions? —Yes, of course..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(8)</span> Giup người khác: 1. —May I help you? —Oh yes, thank you. 2. —Let me help you with the bags. —Well, I can manage all right. Thanks just the same. 3. —Can we help you? —I want to go to hospital. But I can’t. My leg hurts. 4. —Must I clean the classroom now? —Oh, you needn’t. 5. —Would you like a cup of tea? —Yes, please. 6. —What can I do for you? —I’d like to have an English-English dictionary. Hỏi đường: 1. —Excuse me. Where is the washroom, please? —Oh, it’s over there. 2. —Excuse me. Can you tell me where the bookshop is? —Look! It’s on the other side of the road. 3. —How far is the post office, please? —Only a few kilometers. 4. —Will you please tell me the way to the railway station? —Go down this street. At the end of the road you’ll see it. 5. —Excuse me. Could you tell me how I can get to the supermarket? —Go straight along this road. Then go over the bridge and turn right at the bookshop. You’ll find it. Mua sắm: 1. —What can I do for you? —I’d like some apples. 2. —Where can I buy some stationery? —Let’s look at the shopping guide. Oh, it’s on the ground Floor. 3. —Could I buy half a kilo oranges? —Certainly. Here you are. 4. —Will you please show me that radio? —Certainly. 5. —How much is the radio? —Ninety yuan. 6. —Good morning, sir. May I help you? —Yes, I’d like to buy a sweater. Nói chuyện thời tiết: 1. —It’s a fine day for a walk. —Yes, the air is nice and clean. 2. —Oh dear! It’s very cold today. —Yes, you need to wear warmer clothes. 3. —What’s the weather like today? —It’s fine. 4. —What’s the weather like in your country now? —It’s very hot. 5. —Lovely weather, isn’t it? —Yes, isn’t it? 6. —I missed the weather report this morning. Did you hear it? —Yes. It said it would be partly cloudy today, with a strong wind from the northwest. Hỏi ngày,giờ: 1. —Hi, Mary. What time is it now? —It’s about three. 2. —What day is it today? —It’s Wednesday. 3. —Excuse me. Could you tell me what time the plane leaves? —Certainly. It leaves at ten in the evening. 4. —What’s the time? My watch has stopped. —Let me see. It's five to ten. 5. —Excuse me. Have you got the time? —Yes, it’s six twenty. 6. —Excuse me. Could you tell me the time? —Oh sorry, I don’t have my watch with me. Cuộc hẹn: 1. —Are you free next Wednesday evening? I want to go to the cinema with you? —Yes, I’d like to. 2. —When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow evening? —I don’t mind. Either time is OK. 3. —Are you free later today? —Sorry, I'm free every day except today. 4. —Are you able to come tomorrow morning? —I think so..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(9)</span> 5. —Are you free this afternoon? —Oh no. Will this evening be all right? 6. —I’m busy today. What about tomorrow afternoon? —That would be fine. Shall we make it nine o'clock? Cấm đoán,cảnh báo: 1. —Don’t climb that ladder! It’s broken. —OK. Thank you. 2. —Look out! There’s a car coming. —Oh, thank you. 3. —You mustn’t play on the street. It’s dangerous. —No, we won’t. 4. —Don’t touch the machine when it is working. —No, I won’t. Thank you. 5. —You are not allowed to smoke here. —Oh, I’m sorry. 6. —You can’t walk your dog in the park. —Oh, I’m sorry. I’ll never do it again. Đi bác sĩ: 1. —I’m feeling tired, doctor. —Have a good rest and then you’ll feel better. 2. —How are you feeling today? —I’m feeling even worse. 3. —Doctor, she is not feeling well. —Nothing serious, I hope. 4. —Doctor, do I have to take the medicine before or after meals? —Three times a day after meals. 5. —What’s the matter? —I’ve got a headache. 6. —What’s your trouble? —I’ve had a pain in my stomach since morning. Showing interest 1. Uh-huh! 3. Right! 3. Really? 4. That's interesting! 5. And? 6. What then? 7. Oh? 8. What happened next? Showing that you're listening 1. Now, you mentioned... 2. So, that's how...? 3. Yes, I was going to ask you about that... 4. Could you give me / us an example of...? 5. Could you explain in more detail...? Thanking and responding 1. Many thanks. 2. Thanks a lot. 3. Cheers! 4. That's very kind of you. 5. Thank you very much 6. Not at all. 7. It's a pleasure. / My pleasure. 8. You're welcome. 9. Don't mention it. 10. Any time. 11. That's OK / all right. 12. I'm glad to have been of some help Apologizing 1. Sorry.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(10)</span> 2. I'm very/awfully/so/extremely sorry. 3. Excuse me. 4. Sorry, (it was) my fault. 5. I do apologize. 6. Please accept my apologies. Accepting an apology 1. That's all right/OK. 2. Not to worry. 3. That's quite/perfectly all right. 4. No reason/need to apologize. 5. Don't worry about it Talking About Actions Giving instructions 1. Make sure... 2. Remember... (to do). 3. Be careful... (not to do). 4. Don't forget... (to do) 5. Giving directions 6. Go straight on. 7. Take the first/second on the left / right. 8. Turn left / right. 9. Go along... as far as... 10. Take the number 7 bus / tram. 12. Get off (the bus / tram) at... (place). 13. Carry on until you see... 14. Look out for.. Checking someone has understood 1. Are you with me? 2. Did you follow that? 3. Have you got that? 4. Is everything clear so far? 5. Does that seem to make sense? Sequencing actions 1. First of all, ... 2. Next, ... 3. Then, ... 4. After that, ... 5. Finally, ... Making suggestions 1. Shall I / we... (do)? 2. Let's... (do). 3. Why don't I / we... (do)? 4. How about... (doing)? 5. What about... (doing)? 6. I think we should... (do). 7. I suggest that we... (do). 8. It might be a good idea if we / you... (do). 9. I think the best way of dealing with this situation would be to... (do). 10. If you ask me, I think we / you should... (do). 12. We could... Agreeing to a suggestion 1. Yes, I think that's a good idea. 2. That's probably the best option..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(11)</span> 3. Sure, why not? 4. Yes, definitely. 5. By all means. = of course = certainly 6. Good idea! MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS. HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION. WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER. What is the topic of the passage? What is the subject of the passage? What is the main idea of the passage? What is the author's main point in the passage? With what is the author primarily concerned? Which of the following would be the best title? The answer to this type of question can generally be determined by looking at the first sentence of each paragraph.. 1) Khi gặp gạch dưới chữ S : bình thường chữ s phát âm là /s/,nhưng có những ngoại lệ cần nhớ là : s đọc /z/ các chữ sau: raise, busy, please, easy, present, desire, music, pleasant, desert, choose, reason, preserve, poison.. -Chữ s đọc /ʃ / sugar,sure 3) đối với chữ CH -CH đọc /ch/ là bình thường - CH đọc : /k/ gồm các chữ sau; chemist, ache, christmas, mechanic, architect, character ,chaos... ,technology ,echo.... -CH đọc là /ʃ / machine, champagne, chamois, chalet, charade ,... 4) đối với chữ H các chữ H sau đây là h câm hour, honor, honest (và các gia đình từ của chữ này) 5) chữ GH bình thường đọc là /f/ nhưng các chữ sau GH không đọc:.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(12)</span> plough, though, although, weigh.... 6) chữ B câm ,khi đứng sau chữ m: climb, bomb, lamb.... 7) W câm: sword Chữ T , câm Listen , often Đối với âm /u/ và /u:/ /u/ gồm: put, pull, full, could, woman, foot, look, good, book.... /u:/ gồm: food, school, tooth, fruit, June, noon, soup, through, move, shoe,..... 9) có một số chữ khi thêm vào phía sau thì biến thành âm khác say -> /ei/ says -> /e/ nation -> /ei/ national -> /a/ south -> /au/ southern -> /^/ breath -> /e/ breathe -> /i:/ Sau đây là vài nguyên tác mà thầy rút ra trong quá trình xem xét các đề thi, các em có thể áp dụng 1) Nguyện tắc R : Đó là nguyện tắc : chữ R khi đứng sau một nguyên âm sẽ làm biến đổi cách đọc của nguyên âm đó Ví dụ nhé : hat -> đọc /a/ (a ngắn ) rat -> đọc /a/(a ngắn ) nhưng : hart -> /a:/ (a dài ) hot -> /o/ ( o ngắn ) not -> /o/ ( o ngắn ) nhưng : morn -> /o:/ (o dài ) 2) Phưong pháp vần nhấn: Nguyên tắc này như sau: Nguyên âm nào có vần nhấn (stress) thì sẽ phát âm khác với nguyên âm không có vần nhấn. ví dụ : her -> /ơ dài / ( 1 vần xem như là vần nhấn ).

<span class='text_page_counter'>(13)</span> certain -> /ơ dài / ( vần nhấn ) nhưng: father -> /ơ ngắn / ( vần không nhấn ) TEST 1 Choose the word whose stress pattern is different from the others. 1. a. integration b. intellectual c. realization d. philosopher 2. a. stability b. accelerate c. renovation d. eliminate 3. a. optimistic b. accompany c. minority d. eradicate Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others. 4. a. leftovers b. ruins c. opponents d. series 5. a. enthusiast b. windsurfing c. outstanding d. tsunami Choose the most suitable option to complete the sentence. 6. “Do you want beer or wine?” – “ _____________” a. I’d prefer beer, please. b. I like beer c. I’d rather beer, please d. I hate wine 7. “Where do you suggest I stay?” – “___________” a. Let’s stay at the Hilton b. I suggest you to Hilton c. I prefer the Hilton d. I recommend the Hilton 8. The access __________education and the change __________economic status have given women more freedom. a. in / in b. at / from c. to / in d. in / to 9. Dry salt lakes ___________70 kilometers long and 15 kilometers wide lie ________long dunes ________crests 20 meters high. a. up to / between / with b. up with / for / to c. to up / from / for d. up ward / with / under 10. When they returned home later the same day, they found that their car__________back and was parked in its common place outside their house. a. brought b. had brought c. has brought d. had been brought 11. Black, red, and even bright pink diamonds __________ . a. accasionally to find b. occasionally found c. have occasionally been found d. have occasionally found 12. My car isn’t _________. It’s always letting me down. a. believable b. trusty c. reliable d. unreliable 13. ________is a sport in which two or more people perform complicated and carefully planned movements in water in time to music. a. Rowing b. Windsurfing c. Diving d. Synchronized swimming 14. The International Red Cross helps to ensure respect for the human being, and to prevent and relieve human _________. a. protection b. enjoyment c. sufferings d. wealthy 15. ASIAN is an organization in the Southeast Asian region that aims to __________economic growth, social progress , and cultural development. a. account b. include c. accelerate d. respect 16. Women’s contribution to our society has been _________better these days. a. differently b. naturally c. intellectually d. significantly 17. The old lady is said _________all her money to the orphans when she died. a. to leave b. to have left c. leaving d. having left 18. I didn’t see Mary at the party, so she __________there. a. can’t have been b. couldn’t be c. shouldn’t have been d. mustn’t have been 19. ___________to the last Christmas party, she __________, but nobody invited her. a. Had she been invited / would have come b. If she had been invited / would come.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(14)</span> c. If she had invited / would come d. Had she invited / would have come 20. Everything is __________you. I cannot make _________my mind yet. a. out off / on b. up to / up c. away from / for d. on for / off 21. Tom often drives ___________than Jack. a. much carelessly b. in a careless way c. carelessly d. much more carelessly 22. Have they __________the “No Smoking” sign? a. caught sight of b. taken care of c. put an end to d. made fun of 23. ____________, Joe stays in bed and reads magazines. a. Whenever raining b. As it will be raining c. Whenever it rains d. When it will rain 24. _________you study for these exams, ___________you will do. a. The harder / the better b. The more / the much c. The hardest / the best d. The more hard / the more good 25. What ________if there ________a serious nuclear accident. a. will happen / was b. happens / were c. would happen / were d. would happen / had been Identify the words / phrases that need correcting to make perfect sentences. 26. The first (A)world championship (B)of windsurfing held (C)in 1973. Windsurfing first became an (D)Olympic sport in 1984 for men and 1992 for women. 27. The population of Singapore is approximately (A)4.59 million. Though (B)Singapore is highly cosmopolitan anddiversity (C), ethnic Chinese form (D)the majority of the population. 28. The SEA Games are (A)under regulation (B)of the Southeast Asian Games Federation with (C)supervision (D)by the International Olympic Committee and the Olympic Council of Asia. 29. Education to raise awareness (A)of gender equity (B)should receive more than (C)consideration so that men are encouraged to understand and share their wives’ burdens.(D) 30. Children subjected (A)to violence, exploitation (B), abuse and neglect are in (C)risk of death, poor physical and mental heath, HIV/ AIDS infection (D), and educational problems. Choose the most suitable option to complete the sentence. 31. I don’t know _____________. a. when was this house built b. when this house was built c. who did this house belong to d. when does this house belong to 32. The more waste paper we recycle, ___________. a. the more trees we preserve b. the most trees we preserve c. the less trees we preserve d. the least trees we preserve 33. She was __________ she couldn’t say anything. a. so surprised at the news that b. such surprised at the news that c. so surprised of the news that d. so that surprised for the news 34. It is very difficult for you __________ if you can’t speak his native language. a. getting acquainted to the foreigner b. getting acquainted with a foreigner c. to get acquainted to a foreigner d. to get acquainted with a foreigner 35. Hardly _________ at the station _________ the train left. a. he had arrived / when b. had he arrived / when c. had he arrived / than d. he had arrived / then Choose the sentence that has the same meaning as the given one. 36. The more you have, the more you want..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(15)</span> This sentence means: a. If you want more, you have more. b. You will never be satisfied with what you have. c. If you get more, you will have less. d. When you have a lot, you won’t want more. 37. I did not understand what the lecturer was saying because I had not read his book. a. What the lecturer wrote and said was too difficult for me to understand. b. The lecturer’s book which I had not read was difficult to understand. c. I found it very difficult to understand what the lecturer said in his book. d. I would have understood what the lecturer was saying if I had read his book. 38. He asked me how I earned my living. This sentence means: a. He wanted to know how much I got for a salary. b. He wanted to know how I lived. c. He wanted to know how I enjoyed my life. d. He wanted to know what my job was. 39. The accident happened because she was careless. a. The accident was prevented due to her carelessness. b. Her carelessness was responsible for the accident. c. It was the accident that made her careless. d. The more careless she was, the less accident happened. 40. The manager wanted Mary to type the reports. a. Mary was wanted to be typed the reports by the manager. b. mary wanted to type the reports by the manager. c. The manager wanted the peports to be typed by Mary. d. The manager wanted mary to be typed the reports. TEST 1 (CONT) Choose the most suitable opyion to complete the passage. (41)_______ history, women have always aimed for the recognized place in (42)______. Guided by their own (43)_______ of knowledge and expertise, women like Marie Curie in science, mary Wollstonecraft in literary writing, Simone de Beauvois in philosophical existentialist debate, and Marie Stopes in medicine, to name a few, have brought about (44)_______ awareness of the role of the women in any walks of life. These women have helped redefine and (45)_______ the nature of women’s place in society. Today the (46)________ of global women’s organizations and the impact of women’s contributions (47)________ society show that progress has been made and the progress in furthering the role of women in society has been some benefit to the (48 )_______ woman. It is true to say that not all women have the same need. The need of the woman who stays at home and (49)________ children will differ widely from the woman who works outside. Nonetheless, in the extensive field of equal opportunities, it would be good to know that access in given to both with equal measure according to the true value of respective abilities. It also would be good to know that the woman at home is recognized as a valued (50)________ of society just as much as the one who deals on business outside the home. 41. a. Throughout b. Among c. During d. Upon 42. a. social b. society c. socialize d. socialist 43. a. region b. farm c. path d. field 44. a. a b. an c. the d. no article 45. a. gain b. encourage c. consolidate d. forc 46. a. right b. spread c. limit d. belief 47. a. on b. for c. with d. at 48. a. own b. private c. individual d. personal 49. a. rises b. raises c. increases d. lifts.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(16)</span> 50. a. party b. competitor c. partner d. member Choose the most suitable option to complete the passage. CARE was (51)__________ in 1945 to help people after World War II. It (52)__________ over 100 million food (53)___________. (54)____________, it was starting self-help programs. Today it has development programs in 37 countries. CARE gives equipment and (55)__________ people how to build water systems, roads, schools and health centers. It also teaches people how to (56)__________ production on farms, how to reforest areas, and how to (57)__________ small village industries. Doctors and nurses volunteer to go to villages. They (58 ) _________ health care for the people. They also teach people how to improve their health. They train people to provide (59)________ medical care. CARE also provides food for about 30 million people every year. Most of them are children. It gives special (60)__________ where there is a flood, an earthquake, a drought or a war. 51. a. founded b. built c. founded d. had 52. a. spread b. expended c. distributed d. offered 53. a. packages b. wraps c. containers d. grasps 54. a. Meanwhile b. While c. Whereas d. Whenever 55. a. teaches b. tells c. coaches d. explains 56. a. increase b. improve c. grow d. took 57. a. start b. make c. take up d. resume 58. a. support b. provide c. supply d. give 59. a. preliminary b. simple c. low d. base 60. a. help b. assistant c. treatment d. hand Read the following passage and choose the best answers to the questions. The Winterthur Museum is a coolection and a house. There are many museum devoted to the decorative arts and many house museums, but rarely in the United States is a great collection displayed in a great country house. Passing through successive Line generations of a single family, Winterthur has been a private estate for more than a century. Even after the extensive renovations made to it between 1929 and 1931, the house remained a family residence. This fact is of importance to the atmosphere and effect of the museum. The impression of a lived-in house is apparent to the visitors; the rooms look as if they were vacated only a short while ago – whether by the original owners of the furniture or the most recent residents of the house can be a matter of personal interpretation. Winterthur remains, then, a house in which a collection of furniture and architectural elements has been assembled. Like an English country house, it is an organic structure; the house, as well as the collection and manner of displaying it to the visitors, has changed over the years. The changes have coincided with developing concepts of the American arts, increased knowledge on the part of collectors and students, and a progression toward the achievement of a historical effect in a period-room displays. The rooms at Winterthur have followed this current, yet still retain the character of a private house. The concept of a period room as a display technique has developed gradually over the years in an effort to present works of art in a context that would show them to greater effect and would give them more meaning for the viewer. Comparable to the habitat group in a natural history museum, the period room represents the decorative arts in a lively and interesting manner and provides an opportunity to assemble objects related by style, date, or place of manufacture. 61. What does the passage mainly discuss? a. The reason that Winterthur was redesigned b. Elements that make Winterthur an unusual museum c. How Winterthur compares to English country house d. Histirical furniture contained in Winterthur 62. The phrase “dovoted to” in line 1 is closest in meaning to ____________. a. specializing in b. successful with c. sentimental about d. surrounded by 63. What happened ai Winterthur between 1929 and 1931? a. The owners moved out b. The house waas repaired c. The old furniture was replaced d. The estate became a museum 64. What does the author mean by stating “The impression of the lined-in house is apparent to the visitors” (line 5)? a. Winterthur is very old.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(17)</span> b. Few people visit Winterthur c. Winterthur does not look like a typical museum d. The furniture at Winterthur looks comfortable 65. The word “assembled” in line 8 is closest in meaning to ___________. a. summoned b. appreciated c. brought together d. fundamentally changed 66. The word “it” in line 9 refers to ______________. a. Winterthur b. collection c. English country house d. visitor 67. The word “developing” in line 9 is closest in meaning to ____________. a. traditional b. exhibiting c. informative d. evolving 68. According to the passage, objects in a period room are related by all of the following EXCEPT ______________. a. date b. style c. place of manufacture d. past ownership 69. What is the relationship between two paragraphs in the passage? a. The second paragraphs explains a term that was mentioned in the first paragraph. b. Each paragraph describes a different historical period. c. The second paragraph explains a philosophy art appreciation that contrasts with the philosophy explained in the first paragraph. d. Each paragraph describes a different approach to the display of objects in a museum. 70. Where in the passage does the author explain why displays at Winterthur have changed? a. Lines 1- 2 b. Lines 3- 4 c. Lines 4- 7 d. Lines 9- 12 Read the following passage and choose tge best answers to the questions. History books recorded that the first film with sound was The Jazz Singer in 1927. But sound films, or talkies, did not suddenly appear after years of silent screenings. From the earliest public performances in 1896, films were accompanied by music and sound effects. These were produced by a single pianist, a small band, or a full-scale orchestra; large movie theatres could buy sound-effect machines. Research into sound that was reproduced at exactly at the same time as the pictures – called “synchronized sound” – began soon after the very first films were shown. With synchronized sound, characters on the movie screen could sing and speak. As early as 1896, the newly invented gramophone, which played a large disc carrying music and dialogue, was used as a sound system. The biggest disadvantage was that the sound and pictures could be come unsynchronized if, for example, the gramophone needle jumped or if the speed of the projector changed. This system was only effective for a single song or dialogue sequence. In the “sound-on-film” system, sound was recorded as a series of marks on celluloid which could be read by an optical sensor. These signals would be placed on the film alongside the image, guaranteering synchronization. Short feature films were produced in this way as early as 1922. This system eventually brought us “talking pictures”. 71. The passage is mainly about the ______________. a. history of silent movies b. disadvantages of synchronized sound c. development of sound with movie d. research into sound reproduction 72. According to the passage, films using sound effects were screened ___________. a. before 1896 b. as early as 1896 c. as early as 1922 d. in 1927 73. The word “screenings” is closest in meaning to ______________. a. projections b. revelations c. demonstrations d. diversions 74. Which of the following is not mentioned as a producer ? a. a jazz singer b. single pianist c. a small band d. a gramophone 75. It can be inferred that ____________. a. most movie theaters had a pianist b. sound-effects machines were not common because they were expensive.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(18)</span> c. orchestras couldn’t synchronize sound with the pictures d. gramophones were developed about the same time as moving pictures. 76. According to the passage, gramophones were ineffective because they ___________. a. got out of synchronization with the picture b. were too large for most movie theaters c. were newly invented and still had imperfections 77. The word “sequence” in line 9 is closest in meaning to ___________. a. interpretation b. progression c. distribution d. organization 78. The phrase “these signals” in line 11 refers to _____________. a. sounds b. series c. marks d. sensors 79. According to the passage, sound-on-film guaranteed synchronization because the recording was _____________. a. made during the film of the picture b. read by an optical sensor c. inserted beside the image on the film d. marked on the gramophone 80. Short feature films produced as early as 1922 ____________. a. were recorded by optical sensors b. put musicians out of work c. were only effective for dialogue sequences d. preceded talking pictures.

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