Unit 10 Ecommerce and Egovernment

Unit 10: E - Commerce and E Government
10.1
A
adopt
to accept or start to use sth new
bandwidth
the rate at which data can be transferred between computers
barrier
anything that prevents something from happening
billing
the process of sending a bill/invoice for money owed

💸

encrypt
to change electronic information or signals into a secret code

🙅

infrastructure
the basis systems and services, such as transport and power supplies,
that a country or organization uses in order to work effectively
legislation
a law or set of laws passed by a government
penetration
the extent to which a product or technology has been accepted by a
market

🎖

procurement

the process of getting supplies, particularly for government
regulatory

Unit 10 E - Commerce and E - Government

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having the authority to control aspects of business/industry to ensure
fairness/legalities
security
protection of a person, organization or country against threats such as
crime

⛑

transaction
when someone buys or sells something, or when money is exchanged

💵

trust
to have belief or confidence in the honesty or safety of a person or
organization
electronic commerce
buying or selling of products or services over electronic systems such
as the Internet and other computer networks. Basis for the word ecommerce

📨

31
commercial transactions
transactions between companies and between business and
government, which involve payment

💱

22
electronic communication
communication over electronic systems such as the Internet or other
computer networks

🖥

31
goods and services
goods = physical objects or commodities which can be traded

🧸

services = actions which are performed for payment

Unit 10 E - Commerce and E - Government

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B2B
transactions between companies (e.g. Intel selling microprocessors to
Dell)

1_1
B2C
transactions between companies and individual consumers (e.g.,
Amazon)
1_2
bricks and mortar
refers to shops or companies which have a physical presence and offer
face-to-face consumer experiences

🛒
11

virtual storefronts
electronic alternative to a 'bricks and mortar' stores for the sale of
goods or services
11
status quo
current or existing state of affairs
11
C2C
transactions between individual consumers (e.g. eBay)
2_2
dispute resolution
working out an argument or disagreement, for example in the case of a
commercial transaction

🤝

13

Unit 10 E - Commerce and E - Government

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payment collection
transfer of funds from the purchaser of goods or services to the
provider

🧧

12
non-commercial transactions
transactions between government and other organizations, businesses
or individuals, which may not involve payment (e.g., submitting tax
returns)

🧐

1,3 2

C
B2B
Two business people on either side of a desk in an office, where one is
a salesperson
Easier identification of other businesses with whom to engage in
transactions - possibly across national boundaries - by using
electronic tools for advertising and contact management
Change in the role of sales people, as much of the paperwork for the
buying/selling of goods/services is automated

Instant access to information on goods/services via the Internet
Faster transaction times and lower transaction costs as the
buying/selling process is more automatic
Quick and secure payment for goods/services, often across national
boundaries
More efficient management of the buying/selling process
C2C
Car boot sale or garage sale with an individual buying and another
person, who is clearly not a businessperson, selling

Unit 10 E - Commerce and E - Government

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Consumers can advertise their goods over a much larger distance possibly across national boundaries - and usually for a very small
fee or for free
Remote viewings of goods, but without being able to touch or feel
them
Buyers can see what other consumers think about the person with
whom they are considering doing business
B2C
Shopper in supermarket

✊

Allows customers to purchase goods/services without having to
visit business premises
Easier, direct communication with customers rather than having to
go through middlemen such as wholesalers and retailers. This

results in lower transaction costs and more opportunities for
feedback on value of products/servies
Lower start-up costs for businesses
Consumers unable to handle goods themselves and reassure
themselves of quality
Opportunities for businesses to cheat customers where legal
infrastructure is not well developed
G2C
Government can make their requirements known much more quickly
and easily, without the need to print off large numbers of
documents
While putting advertisements for tenders in traditional media is
important, electronic methods such as mail shots can also be used
to inform potential bidders
Government departments can receive large amounts of information
from potential suppliers, often in an electronic format, which allows
them to compare different tenders.

Unit 10 E - Commerce and E - Government

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D
rise, increase: 'rocket, soar
fall, decrease: co'llapse, 'plummet, plunge, slump
big, large: e'normous, huge, 'massive, sig'nificant, tre'mendous
good: 'brilliant, out'standing, su'perb, tre'mendous
small: insig'nificant, 'minimal

E
Very confident:
It's clear that
which undoubtedly
Fairly confident:
It's generally accepted that
It's unlikely that
It's fair to say
Tentative:
may also have been
10.2
Marked word and neutral alternative
huge: high, significant, good
astonishing: very high, very significant
tremendous: good
gigantic: large
slashed: cut, reduced
dramatically: significantly
10.3

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10.4
© : copyright
cf. : compare
ed. : edition
Ed(s) : editor(s)

et al. : and other authors
ibid. : same place in a work already referred to
n.d.: no date
no. number
op. cit. : the work already referred to
p. : page
pp. : pages
suppl: supplement
vol. : volume

Unit 10 E - Commerce and E - Government

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