Relative clauses

<span class='text_page_counter'>(1)</span>A. RELATIVE CLAUSES WHO : dùng thế cho chủ ngữ - người WHOM : dùng thế cho tân ngữ - ngừoi WHICH : dùng thế cho chủ ngữ lẫn tân ngữ - vật THAT : dùng thế cho tất cả các chữ trên WHEN : dùng thế cho thời gian WHERE : dùng thế cho nơi chốn WHOSE : dùng thế cho sở hữu ,người / vật WHY : dùng thế cho lý do ( reason /cause ) NHỮNG LƯU Ý 1.Dùng dấu phẩy: khi danh từ đứng trước who, which, whom... là : + Danh từ riêng ,tên: Ha Noi, Mary.. + Có this ,that ,these ,those đứng trước danh từ. + Có sở hữu đứng trước danh từ : his, her, my, ... + Là vật duy nhất ai cũng biết : Sun, moon , earth... 2.Có thể lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ WHO, WHICH, WHOM...: Khi nó làm tân ngữ và phía trước nó không có dấu phẩy, không có giới từ (whose không được bỏ) Eg:This is the book which I buy. → This is the book I buy. 3. KHÔNG ĐƯỢC dùng THAT : Khi phía trước nó có dấu phẩy hoặc giới từ : This is my book , that I bought 2 years ago. (sai) This is the house in that I live .(sai) 4. Bắt buộc dùng THAT: khi danh từ mà nó thay thế gồm 2 danh từ trở lên trong đó vừa có ngừơi vừa có vật Eg: The men and the horses that .... 5. Nên dùng THAT - Khi đầu câu là IT trong dạng nhấn mạnh (Cleft sentences) Eg: It is My father that made the table. - Khi đứng trước đó là : all, both, each, many, most, neither, none, part, someone, something, so sánh nhất Eg: There is something that must be done This the most beautiful girl that I've ever met. B. REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES - Dùng Present participles (V-ing) để thay thế MĐLH mang nghĩa chủ động (active): Relative pronoun + active V → V-ing Eg: The girl who is playing with the dog is Lan’s sister. → The girl playing with the dog is Lan’s sister. - Dùng Pass participles (V3/ED) để thay thế cho MĐLH mang nghĩa bị động (passive): Relative pronoun+be+V3/ED → V3/ED Eg: The students who was punished by the teacher are lazy. → The students punished by the teacher are lazy. - Dùng to- infinitive để thay thế cho một MĐLH mà trước nó là các số chỉ thứ tự (the first, second…), sau next, last, only và sau các tính từ so sánh hơn, nhất. The first/ second…+N+ RP+V → The first/ second…+N+ to V/ to be V C. EXRCISES Ex 1: Choice the best answer: 1. This is the place _________ I met my wife. A. what B. where C. which D. that 2. Simon is the man _________ Mary loves. A. who B. which C. whom D. A&C 3. She is the one _________ I told you about. A. what B. which C. whose D. who 4. Those _________ had studied hard passed their exams. A. what B. which C. who D. whose 5. The magazine _________ you lent me is interesting. A. what B. which C. whom D. whose 6. The man _________ is resting is very tired. A. what B. which C. whom D. who. 7. The boy _________ sat next to you is my friend. A. who B. which C. whom D. whose 8. We are using books _________ were printed last year. A. what B. who C. which D. whose 9. The painting_________Ms. Wallace bought was very ex pensive. A. whom B. whose C. which D. where 10. The homeless people_____story appeared in the paper la st week have now found a place to live. A. who B. whom C. that D. whose 11. __________ is your favourite sport, swimming or running. A. What B. Which C. Whom D. Whose 12. Were the Wright brothers the ones __________built th e first aeroplane? A. which B. whom C. whose D. that 13. I don't like stories________ have unhappy endings. A. where B. which C. they D. who 14. She, ________ is your sister, lives far away. A. which B. who C. whom D. she 15. I see some girls ________ are pretty. A. whom B. which C. who D. they 16. Give back the money ________ you took. A. it B. who C. whom D. which 17. He was killed by a man ________ friends we know. A. whose B. which C. whom D. that 18. He spoke to the messengers with ________ you were l eaving. A. which B. whom C. whose D. that 19. We captured a town ________ is in Spain. A. whom B. where C. which D. it 20. The farmers ________ we saw were in the field. A. whose B. which C. they D. whom 21. The women ________ I gave the money were glad. A. to whom B. to that C. for whom D. for that 21. The film about _____ they are talking is fantastic. A. who B. which C. whom D. that 22. The people ____ for the bus in the rain are getting well A. waiting B. to wait C. waited D. wait 23. He is the boy _______ is my best friend A. that B. whom C. who D. A& C 24. I have a message for people _____ by the traffic chaos. A. to delay B. who delay C. delayed D. who delaying 25. I live in a pleasant room ____________ the garden. A. to overlook B. overlooking C. overlooked D. which overlooking 26. Melanie was the only person _____ a letter of thanks. A. wrote B. written C. to write D. writing 27. The pilot was the only man _______ after the crash. A.was rescued B. rescued C. rescuing D. to be rescued 28. I met a lot of new people at the party ________ names I can’t remember. A. whose B. which C. who D. whom 29. I’ll see you near the post office ___________ we met t he other day. A. which B. where C. when D. why 30. Tell me the reason ______ you were absent yesterday. A. where B. when C. why D. that 31.There was a time ____ dinosaurs dominated the earth. A. which B. when C. that D. A & B 32. Summer is the time of the year _________ the weather is the hottest. A. when B. which C. that D. B & C.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(2)</span> 33. Do you know the man about _______ they’re talking? A. whom B. whose C. that D. A & C 34. What’s the name of the blonde girl _____ just came in? A. who B. whose C. whom D. A & B 35. I don’t like people ________ lose their tempers easily. A. who B. whose C. that D. A & 36. I don’t like people _______ never stops talking. A. that B. whose C. where D. whom 37. It _____in Hanoi _____ I was born and grew up. A. is / that B. was / that C. was / which D. is / which 38. It____ Lan _____ always helps him in his trouble. A. was/ who B. was/ that C. is / who D. is / which 39. It was The World Cup _______in Korea and Japan. A. which was held B. that were held C. that was held D. that held D. whose 40. Marie,_______ I met at the party, called me last night. A. that B. whom C. which D. whose Ex 2: Rewrite the sentences using relatives clauses. 1.He was sitting on a chair. It was uncomfortable. …………………………………………………………. 2.The pub is opposite the Town Hall. I first met my wife there. …………………………………………………………. 3.Do you know that lady? I repaired her car. ………………………………………………………… 5.A man stole £10,000 from a bank. The police have caught him. …………………………………………………………. 6.Romeo and Juliet were lovers. Their parents hated each other. @…………………………………………………………. 7.This is the story of a man. His wife suddenly loses her memory. @…………………………………………………………. 8.A man brought in a small girl. Her hand had been cut by flying glass. @…………………………………………………………. 9.There’s the lady. Her dog was killed. @………………………………………………………… 10.He’s the person. His car was stolen. @…………………………………………………………. 11.The river is the Sai Gon River. It flows through Ho Chi Minh City. @…………………………………………………………. 12.Mr Phong hasn’t come yet. He is supposed to be at the meeting. @…………………………………………………………. 13.Our solar system is in a galaxy. The galaxy is called the Milky Way. @…………………………………………………………. 14.I come from a city. This city is located in the southern part of the country. @…………………………………………………………. 15.I’ve recently gone back to the town. I was born in the town. …………………………………………………………. 16.Do you know the name of the hotel ? John is staying at the hotel. …………………………………………………………. 17.We enjoy this city. It has been renewed a lot after the war. ………………………………………………………….. 18.The movie was interesting. We went to it. …………………………………………………………. 19.I couldn’t understand the woman. I talked to her on the phone. …………………………………………………………. 20.I want to tell you about the party. I went to it last night. …………………………………………………………. 21.The music was gentle. We listened to it last night. …………………………………………………………. 22.Alice likes the foreign family. She is living with them. …………………………………………………………. 23.The man is over there. I told you about him. …………………………………………………………. 24.The film is fantastic. They are talking about it. …………………………………………………………. 25.She’s the nurse. We gave the flowers to her. …………………………………………………………. 26.We are speaking to the man. The man was our new history teacher. ………………………………………………………….v 27.The teacher is Mr Pike. We studied with him last year. …………………………………………………………. 28.Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon …………………………………………………………. 29.I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country. …………………………………………………………. 30.The children who attend that school receive a good education. …………………………………………………………. 31.The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress. …………………………………………………………. 32.They live in a house that was built in …………………………………………………………. 33.We have an apartment which overlooks the park. …………………………………………………………. 34.Yuri Gagarin became the first man who flied into space. …………………………………………………………. 35.We stood on the bridge which connects the two halves of the building. …………………………………………………………. 36.I come from a city which is located in the southern part of the country …………………………………………………………. 37.There are some words. They are very difficult to translate. …………………………………………………………. 38.What is the name of the man ? You borrowed his car. …………………………………………………………. 39.This watch costs a lot of money. I have lost the watch. …………………………………………………………. 40.We were given a lot of information. Most of the information was useless. …………………………………………………………. Ex 3: Reduceding the relative clauses using V-ing, V3/ED, to V. 1.Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon …………………………………………………………. 2.I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(3)</span> …………………………………………………………. 3.The children who attend that school receive a good education. ………………………………………………………. 4.The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress. ………………………………………………………. 5.They live in a house that was built in ………………………………………………………. 6.We have an apartment which overlooks the park. ………………………………………………………. 7.Yuri Gagarin became the first man who flied into space. ………………………………………………………. 8.We stood on the bridge which connects the two halves of the building. ………………………………………………………. 9.I come from a city which is located in the southern part of the country ………………………………………………………. 10.The vegetables which are sold in this supermarket are grown without chemicals. ………………………………………………………. 11.Do you know the woman who is coming toward us ? ………………………………………………………. 12.The people who was waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet. ………………………………………………………. 13.I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country. ………………………………………………………. 14.They live in a house that was built in ………………………………………………………. 15.He was the first man who left the burning building. ………………………………………………………. 16.The couple who live in the house next door are both college professors ………………………………………………………. 17.The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet. ………………………………………………………. 18.The students who did not come to the class yesterday explain their absence to the teacher. ………………………………………………………. 19.Did you get the message which concerned the special meeting ? ………………………………………………………. 20.Lan is the second student who entered the classroom this morning. ………………………………………………………. 21.The psychologists who study the nature of sleep have made important discoveries. ………………………………………………………. 22.He was the only man who reached the top. ………………………………………………………. 23.He is always the first who comes and the last who goes. ………………………………………………………. 24.People who listen to very loud music may suffer gradual hearing loss. ………………………………………………………. 25.He was the second man who was saved in the fire. ………………………………………………………. 26.I haven’t got anything that I could open a bottle of wine with.. ………………………………………………………. 27.The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which has been built on the island. ………………………………………………………. 28.The fifth man who was interviewed was completely unsuitable. ………………………………………………………. 29.This is the third who is late for the meeting today. ………………………………………………………. 30.Am I the next person who joins the interview ? ………………………………………………………. Exrcise 3: Fill the gap 1.The books, ________ I'd ordered over the internet, took nearly three weeks to arrive. 2.The books _________ I'd ordered from a bookshop arrived the following week. 3.My parents, ________were born in the north of England, moved to London to find work. 4.The man ________ lives upstairs is always playing music when I'm trying to get to sleep. 5.The building __________I live in was built in the 9s. 6.The building __________ I live was built in the 9s. 7.The car's making a funny noise again,_______ means we'll have to get someone to look at it. 8.The employee to _________you refer is no longer working for this company. 9.Do you remember the name of the man __________car you crashed into? 10.Have you any idea _________they were arguing about? 11.The hotel ______we stayed was very good for the price. 12.The woman _________is sitting at the desk is Mr Winter's secretary. 13.I cannot remember the reason _________he wanted us to leave. 14.Jane, ____________ mother is a physician, is very good at biology. 15.She didn’t see the snake _____was lying on the ground 16.Do you know the shop _______ Andrew picked me up? 17.That man is the writer_____________wrote a bestselling novel 18.Here is the CD ___________ you thought you had lost. 19.A proffesor is someone _______teaches in a university. 20.The only present _______I didn’t like was the gold belt. 21.A meteorologist is someone _________ knows about the weather. 22.This is the book __________I wrote to you about. 23.Anybody ____________ wants to join the drama society must sign up now. 24.This is the shop ______________ is so expensive. 25.Ciro´s was the best club _________ I have ever been to. 26.The tower _________ blew down in the storm was over years old. 27.The match _______ we saw was so boring. 28.Did I tell you about the people ____________________ live next door? 29.The horse _____________ won the race belongs to an Irish woman. 30.I love the ice cream __________ they sell in that shop..

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