Unit 1THE BEGINNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF ESP

<span class='text_page_counter'>(1)</span>THE BEGINNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF ESP.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(2)</span> WHAT IS ESP? I/ THE ORIGIN OF ESP 1- THE DEMAND OF THE POST- WORLD WAR - enormous and unprecedented expansion of scientific, technical and economic activities on an international scale; - domination of technology and commerce  the role of English; - mass of people learn English, not for pleasure, but because English is the key;.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(3)</span> The Origin of ESP (Con.t) - most importantly, they know why they need English. - The Oil Crisis of 70'  time and money constraints  cost effective courses with clearly defined goals  ESP courses tailored to specific needs..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(4)</span> The Origin of ESP (Con.t) 2- A REVOLUTION IN LINGUISTICS - Traditionally: the focus was to describe the rules of English usage, the formal features of English (grammar); - Now: the focus was to discover the ways in which English is actually used in real communication..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(5)</span> The Origin of ESP (Con.t) - The English we speak and write vary considerably, in a number of different ways, from one context to the another   it should be possible to determine the features of specific situations  those features become the ESP course . - "Tell me what you need English for and I will tell you the English that you need".

<span class='text_page_counter'>(6)</span> The Origin of ESP (Con.t) 3- A FOCUS ON THE LEARNERS - New development in educational psychology  ESP - Emphasis on the central importance of learners and their attitudes to learning ; - Learners have different needs and interests  influence on their motivation to learn and the effectiveness of learning  ESP RELEVANCE TO NEEDS & INTERESTS.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(7)</span> II/THE DEVELOPMENT OF ESP ESP IN THE WORLD HAS DEVELOPED THROUGH 5 PHASES. 1- The concept of special language: register analysis 2- Beyond the sentence: rhetorical or discourse analysis 3- Target situation analysis 4- Skills and strategies 5- A learning-centered approach.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(8)</span> III/ WHAT IS ESP? ESP IS AN APPROACH, NOT A PRODUCT  ESP is not a matter of teaching "specialized varieties" of English  ESP is not just a matter of science words and grammar for scientists, hotel words and grammar for hotel staff e.t.c  the root of the tree is still English language teaching and English language learning - and communication..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(9)</span> III/ WHAT IS ESP? . . " There is … no such thing as an ESP methodology, merely methodologies that have been applied in ESP classroom" Hutchinson and Water (1987) " ESP…is an approach to language learning, which is based on leaner need. The foundation of all ESP is the simple question: Why does this learner need to learn a foreign language?“ Hutchinson and Water (1987).

<span class='text_page_counter'>(10)</span> III/ WHAT IS ESP? . " ESP…is an approach to language learning, which is based on leaner need. The foundation of all ESP is the simple question: Why does this learner need to learn a foreign language?" Hutchinson and Water (1987).

<span class='text_page_counter'>(11)</span> IV/ SOME CRITERIA OF ESP  . Goal –directed Based on needs analysis. V/CHARACTERISTICS OF ESP  Specific time period  time constraints  Adult learners, usually not beginners  Not identical student (mixed class)  Specialist language ???.

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