Ứng dụng PLC FX5U trong quá trình sản xuất

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5
 

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- Jỵ`b vn sỹ tnặ` kỞ jỢi eagi aểj eĮ tauảt vä sỹ paét trnỊ` cẩ`a cẳ jỢi eĮ 
tauảt céy tã`a, ęê jag ri ęồn jéj tanặt kễ ęnỉu eanỊ` sộ `aƴ 8J@J, TFJ…. Jéj
tanặt kễ `äy ęê jag pp eaầj paữj ęƴỪj rắt `anỉu jéj `aƴỪj ęnỊc jỢi aỂ taộ`b
ęnỉu eanỊ` trƴổj ęú, bnẪn quyặt ęƴỪj yèu jẢu `Ċ`b suắt en`a tặ vä eĮ tauảt trg`b
sẪ` xuắt.

- \ổn sỹ paét trnỊ` jỢi eagi aểj jý`b `baỂ `aƴ anỂ` `iy taæ vnỂj Ữ`b mữ`b tanặt
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`Ċ`b xuắt fig ęỞ`b, bnẪc sỮj `bƴồn, `ë`b jig jaắ fƴỪ`b sẪ` paẮc ęi`b fä 9
vắ` ęỉ jắp tanặt jú tã`a taồn sỹ jig.

- ]rg`b q trỉ`a tnặ` ậ`a fäc kän tnỊu fuả` jéj tậ`a vnè` `ẳc oc ęê jộ bầ`b
tỉc anỊu taỹj tặ, taic eaẪg tän fnỂu, `aƴ`b mg taồn bni` vä en`a `banỂc jû` aẩ`
jaặ `è` tnỊu fuả` sẳ eaý`b tré`a eaện ęƴỪj `aủ`b tanặu sút. Mg ęú, jaø`b oc
rắt cg`b `aả` ęƴỪj `aủ`b ó enặc ęú`b búp, `aả` xỵt, ęé`a bné q kéu jỢi
taẢy ęỊ jà`b oc ęƴỪj agä` tanỂ` aƩ` `ủi.

- Jà`b oc xn` jặ` tậ`a jẪc Ʃ` sỹ aƴổ`b mấ`, bnẪ`b mẩy tả` tæ`a jau ęég jỢi
bnẪ`b vnè` aƴổ`b mấ` Fè Fg`b AỚ ęê
AỚ ęê bnøp ęứ jaø`b oc ęỊ agä` tậ`a ęƴỪj
 kän tnỊu fuả`
fuả` `äy.
Jà`b oc xn` jặ` tậ`a jẪc Ʃ` !

2


8
 

Cý`` TF
Cý
TFJ
J

JAƧƤ@B 9

B\AM

B\
AM8 Fè Fg`b
Fg `b AỚ

]ờ@B Y_I@ \Ễ ĔỄ ]ÄN

9.9 FĨ MG
MG JA
JAỆ@ ĔỄ ]
]Ä
ÄN

-

Yui `` `aả` taỹj tặ anỂ` `iy TFJ jaƴi ęƴỪj Ữ`b mữ`b `anỉu väg trg`b taỹj
tnỏ` ęồn sộ`b aä`b `bäy, trg`b fig ęỞ`b fấ` trg`b sẪ` xuắt. @au jẢu anỂ` tẩn, ỗ ęëu
jŮ`b taỹj sỹ jẢ` ép mữ`b
mữ`b jéj taä`a tỹu eag
eagii aểj eĮ tauảt väg trg`b
trg`b sẪ` xuắt `aẹc
`ë`b jig tã`a ęỚ`b ęỉu vỉ jaắt fƴỪ`b sẪ` paẮc, eain taéj ęƴỪj anỂu quẪ jỢi jéj tanặt

 kễ tỹ ęỞ`b `äy eaý`b `aủ`b ci`b fẩn fỪn ãja jag jé `aë` tở jaỮj, cä jû` ęú`b búp
fổ` jag jý`b juỞj anỂ` ęẩn aúi , búp paẢ` fäc jag ęắt `ƴổj bnäu cẩ`a, xê aỞn paét
trnỊ`.

9.
9.;; @ốN
@ốN M_@
M_@B

BĔ
ĔỄ
Ễ ]ÄN
]ÄN @BAN
@BANÈ@
È@ Jỡ_
Jỡ_

-

 @banè` jỮu
jỮu tở`b quét
quét vỉ jéj mû`b
mû`b TFJ anỂ` ậ`a

-

]ỉc anỊu vä vả` mữ`b jéj tảp fỂ`a
fỂ`a jƩ kẪ` jỢi TFJ Cntsuknsan ép mữ`b väg fảp

træ`a bnẪn quyặt 9 kän tgé` fảp træ`a kẹ`b `bý` `bủ fảp træ`a fimmor.

-

]æc anỊu ęƴỪj jắu tẩg & `buyè` tầj agẩt ęỞ`b jỢi TFJ

-

]æc anỊu jéja taỮj bnig tnặp, jéja eặt `ộn TFJ vổn jéj tanặt kễ N/G jĊ` kẪ`8

jẪc knặ`, o`jgmor,….

-

]æc anỊu paƴƩ`b taỮj jän ęẲt jéj taý`b sộ jƩ kẪ` jag knặ` tẢ` trg`b ęnỉu

eanỊ` ęỞ`b jƩ 

1


9
 

Cý`` TF
Cý
TFJ
J

B\AM
B\
AM8 Fè Fg`b
Fg `b AỚ

9.;.9
9.;
.9 Kän 98 TAÉ]
TAÉ] ANỌ
ANỌ@
@ FỜN

FỜN JANẰ
JANẰ]
] [Ú]
[Ú]
Fó mg jaể` ęỉ 9 aỂ taộ`b pắt anỂ` fỒn janặt rút
AnỂ` `iy vổn tộj ęỞ jý`b `banỂp aỳi vọ an` n aỳi sởu r`b jỵ`b juj jộja
c`b jý`b `banỂp =.4 ęi`b mnỏ` ri trè` tgä` taặ bnổn. @ỉ` sẪ` xuắt jý`b `banỂp
jauyỊ` ęởn tụ fig ęỞ`b jaë` tiy si`b jéj mëy jauyỉ` sẪ` xuắt anỂ` ęẩn vổn cỮj ęỞ tỹ
ęỞ`b aúi `bäy jä`b jig. \nỂj tỹ ęỞ`b ẳi q trỉ`a sẪ` suắt vä pặ` paộn sẪ` paẮc
bnøp `Ċ`b xuắt fig ęỞ`b tĊ`b fè` bắp `anỉu fẢ` qui ęú tnặt enỂc ęƴỪj sỮj fig ęỞ`b jỢi
jg` `bƴồn. CẲt eắj trg`b `anỉu eặu sẪ` xuắt vnỂj ép mữ`b jéj mëy jauyỉ` céy cúj
bnøp bnẪc tanỊu tộn ęi jéj fỒn xẪy ri trg`b qué træ`a agä` tanỂ` sẪ` paẮc. ]rg`b kắt
jỮ mëy truyỉ` sẪ` xuắt `äg vnỂj enỊc tri rä sgét vä fgẩn kệ jéj sẪ` paẮc fỒn trƴổj ean
ęƴi ri ta tr`b, paở` pan tn tiy `bn tnốu mỵ`b fä cỞt jý`b ęgẩ` rắt qui` trể`b
trg`b jẪ qué træ`a sẪ` xuắt. \nỂj ęỊ sút vä ęƴi sẪ` paẮc fỒn ri taễ trƴồ`b jú téj ęỞ`b
rắt xắu ęặ` uy tã` jỢi sẪ` paẮc, uy tã` jỢi jý`b ty, ęé`a cắt fỷ`b tn` ji `bn tnốu
mỵ`b n vn s` pac. ]aj t ờ jỳ rt `anu v vnj `bn tnốu mỵ`b tẮy jaiy cỞt
jý`b ty, cỞt mû`b sẪ` paẮc væ sẪ` paẮc tổn tiy aể fä sẪ` paẮc fỒn, tanặu aä`b ẳi sg
vổn quy jauẮ` trè` kig kỉ. Quắt pắt tụ `au jẢu taỹj tặ ęú `ẳc jà`b oc `Ẫy ri ó
tƴỗ`b vä tanặt eặ, fảp træ`a mëy jauyỉ` enỊc tri vä fgẩn kệ jéj jain mu`b mễja kễ fỒn mg
tanặu agẲj eaý`b jú fƴỪ`b sẪ` paẮ` ęø`b tnèu jauẮ`. ]nặp ęú fä ęú`b bún sẪ` paẮc
taog sộ fƴỪ`b cg`b cuộ` jỢi `bƴồn vả` aä`a. Mëy jauyỉ` jú taỊ sợ mữ`b, fầp rép
trg`b `anỉu `ậ céy eắj `aiu `aƴ8 `ậ céy sẪ` xuắt kni, `aä céy sẪ` xuắt vä ęú`b
bún `ƴổj `bểt ęú`b jain, `aä céy sẪ` xuắt sủi, `aä céy ęú`b bún mƴỪj paẮc, taỹj
 paẮc ęú`b aỞp……


>
10
 

Cý`` TF
Cý
TFJ
J

B\AM
B\
AM8 Fè Fg`b
Fg `b AỚ

ĔỄ KÄN8 Ĕnỉu eanỊ` aỂ taộ`b enỊc tri janặt rút

-

Jag aỂ taộ`b enỊc tri mëy jauyỉ` janặt rút sẪ` paẮc tauộj (mu`b mễja) väg

aỞp `aỹi ễ` siu ean ęú`b `ầp `aƴ `a vẳ, ęỊ pắt anỂ` ri aỞp tauộj janặt rút kễ fỒn
(eaý`b janặt rút)

-

 @aắ` `øt Z]I[], aỂ taộ`b kầt ęẢu agẩt ęỞ`b, kĊ`b tẪn jaẩy, jẪc knặ` pắt

anỂ` aỞp tauộj fỒn t kĊ`b tẪn mụ`b jag xnfi`a ęẮy kệ aỞp fỒn ri, mofiy 9.?s taæ røt
vỉ,kĊ`b tẪn tnặp tữj jaẩy. Kắt eæ føj `äg `aắ` `øt Z]GT taæ aỂ taộ`b mụ`b agẲj ean
`äg aỂ taộ`b ęặc ęỢ sộ fƴỪ`b aỞp tauộj taæ tỹ ęỞ`b m`b fn


9.;.;

9.;
.; Kọn ;8 BNI
BNI Jí@B
Jí@B ]AẻT
]AẻT Aặ@A
Aặ@A \_í
\_í@B
@B
Fó mg ja` 9 a ta`b bni jý`b taợp

Jỵ`b vn s paét trnỊ` jỢi ęắt `ƴổj vä `ỉ` jý`b `banỂp vvnỂj
nỂj xëy mỹ`b jƩ sỗ 
aẩ tẢ`b, `aä ỗ `bäy jä`b tĊ`b fäc jag vnỂj ęễ`a `a jéj tai`a tp ęỊ fäc jột kè
tý`b jŮ`b tĊ`b. AnỂ` tẩn taæ jột kè tý`b ęi sộ ęƴỪj fäc tẩn `aä céy sig ęú ęƴỪj
vả` jauyỊ` ri jý`b træ`a taæ jý`b fäc bni tĊ`b jan paã vả` jauyỊ`, aiy ęộn vổn xëy


94
11
 

Cý`` TF
Cý
TFJ
J

B\AM
B\
AM8 Fè Fg`b
Fg `b AỚ

mỹ`b `ậ më` t jột kè tý`b taƴồ`b ęƴỪj jý`b `ặ` xëy mỹ`b ęễ`a `a kẹ`b tiy
tẩn jý`b træ`a fäc cắt rắt `anỉu taồn bni` tan jý`b vä ęỞ anỂu quẪ, eaý`b tnặt enỂc
`buyè` fnỂu, Ẫ`a aƴỗ`b ęặ` i` tgä` jỢi jý`b `aë`. @aẹc `ë`b jig jaắt fƴỪ`b,
`Ċ`b suắt jŮ`b `aƴ i` tgä` fig ęỞ`b
ęỞ` b t `ẳc jà`b oc ęƴi ri ó tƴỗ`b vä tanặt eặ
aỂ taộ`b ęễ`a `a tp jột kè tý`b bể` jú taỊ mỏ mä`b mn jauyỊ` vä fầp ęẲt tẩn
jý`b træ`a aiy kắt jỮ ęëu. AỂ taộ`b jú eaẪ `Ċ`b sẪ` xuắt jéj fgẩn jột tp ęễ`a
`a taog u jẢu ỗ kắt jỮ `a mẩ`b `äg vổn ęỞ jẫ`a xéj fä cnfncỵt, aỂ taộ`b sợ
mữ`b jéj jý`b `baỂ tnặt enỂc ęnỂ` jŮ`b `aƴ `buyè` fnỂu. Mg ęú aỂ taộ`b fäc bnẪc
taồn bni` tan jý`b jý`b træ`a vä tnặt enỂc jan pẫ tan jý`b.

 
-

]ai`
]ai`aa t
tpp ęƴỪ
ęƴỪjj ęƴi
ęƴi vä
vägg céy
céy ęỞ`b
ęỞ`b jƩ qu
quiy
iy ęƴi
ęƴi t
tpp väg
väg vễ
vễ ttrã
rã vổn

vổn ęỞ män
män jän
jän

ęẲt trƴổj ,pnstg` tai`a jaột ęn ri siu ęú pnstg` uộ` ęn ri uộ` tai`a tp vä bnủ ? bnëy
 pnstg` tai`a
tai`a jaột vä
vä pnstg` uuộ`
ộ` ęn väg ęỞ`b jƩ qquiy
uiy ęƴi ta
tai`a
i`a tp ęn ri ęỢ ęỞ män
 pnstg` pnstg`
pnstg` tai`a jaột ęn ri siu ęú pn
pnstg`
stg` uộ` ęn ri uộ` tai`a
tai`a tp vä bnủ ? bbnëy
nëy
 pnstg` tai`a
tai`a jaột vä
vä pnstg` uuộ`
ộ` ęn väg ęỞ`b jƩ qquiy
uiy jỮ `aƴ taặ ęặ` ea
eann tp jú `a
v`b. ęỞ`b jƩ quiy ęƴi tai`a tp ęn ri ęỢ ęỞ män siu ęú pnstg` mig ęn xuộ`b jầt
tai`a tp rỚn ęn fè` `ặu `øt stgp ęƴỪj `aắ` t sẳ eặt quy trỉ`a sẳ eặt tàj, `ặu `øt
stgp eaý`b ęƴỪj `aắt taæ quy træ`a sẳ tnặp tữj.
-

99
12
 

Cý`` TF
Cý
TFJ
J

JAƧƤ@B ;
;.9

B\AM
B\
AM8 Fè Fg`b
Fg `b AỚ

JƤ ZỐ FÓ ]A_^Ằ]

]ờ@B
]ờ@B Y_I@
Y_I@ \Ễ
\Ễ TFJ @ÚN
@ÚN JA_@
JA_@B
B \Ä CN]Z
CN]Z_KN
_KNZAN
ZAN LQ?_
LQ?_ @ÚN

@ÚN
[NÈ@B

;.
;.9.
9.99 BNỘN
BNỘN ]ANỌ
]ANỌ_
_ \Ễ
\Ễ L
LQ?
Q?_
_
TFJ @ÚN JA_@B
-

KỞ ęnỉu
ęnỉu eanỊ
eanỊ`` fgb
fgbnj
nj eaẪ
eaẪ ttræ
ræ`a
`a TF
TFJ
J fä
fä tan
tanặt
ặt kễ ęn
ęnỂ`

Ể` tợ ké`
ké` mmấ`
ấ` ta
taỹj
ỹj an
anỂ`
Ể` jéj
jéj aậc
äc

ęnỉu eanỊ` fgbnj kẹ`b jaƴƩ`b trỉ`a taiy taặ jag jéj cẩja fgbnj enỊu rƩ fo (tnặp ęnỊc
vä pan tnặp ęnỊc).

-

\ỉ kẪ` jaắt, TFJ fä aỂ vn xợ fó ęƴỪj tanặt

eặ tƴƩ`b tỹ céy tã`a sộ, vổn `bý` `bủ fảp træ`a
rnè`b bẢ` bŮn vổn `bƴồn xợ mữ`b, ęƴỪj Ữ`b mữ`b
trg`b jéj kän tgé` ęnỉu eanỊ` fgbnj. Aẩt `aë` jỢi
aỂ fä kỞ vn xợ fó taỹj anỂ` jéj pp tã`a sộ aj
vọ fgbnj jỵ`b vn jộj taọ`a pa` ju taọ`a a
`a kỞ `aổ, jéj jở`b väg / ri,...


9;
13
 

Cý`` TF

Cý
TFJ
J
-

B\AM
B\
AM8 Fè Fg`b
Fg `b AỚ

\ỉ paẩc
paẩc vn Ữ`b
Ữ`b mữ`
mữ`b,
b, TF
TFJ
J fä
fä tan
tanặt
ặt kễ ęẲ
ęẲtt ttẩn
ẩn mëy
mëy jjau
auyỉ
yỉ`` sẪ`
sẪ` xuắt
xuắt,, ttãj
ãjaa aỪp
aỪp vổn
vổn

jéj taä`a paẢ` jỢi aỂ taộ`b ęnỉu eanỊ` ęỊ taỹj anỂ` ęnỉu eanỊ` trỹj tnặp jý`b `baỂ
cỞt qué træ`a eỾ tauảt. TFJ taƴồ`b fäc vnỂj trg`b cýn trƴồ` rắt eaầj `banỂt (`anỂt ęỞ
jig, ęỞ Ắc fổ`, taồn bni` agẩt ęỞ`b fnè` tữj) vä bầ` fnỉ` vổn `bƴồn vả` aä`a trỹj tnặp
tanặt kễ. \æ vảy, TFJ ęƴỪj tanặt eặ vä jaặ tẩg vổn jéj tnèu jauẮ` ęẲj knỂt vỉ k`,
tó`a cgmufo aỳi jig, `bý` `b fp trổ`a paỵ aỪp vä tặ` tanỂ` vổn trỉ`a ęỞ `bƴồn sợ
mữ`b
-

\ỉ jƩ kẪ
kẪ`,
`, TF
TFJ
J fä
fä tan
tanặt
ặt kễ ęn
ęnỉu
ỉu eanỊ
eanỊ`` ỗ an
anỂ`
Ể` tr
trƴồ
ƴồ`b
`b sẪ
sẪ`` xuắ
xuắt,
t, sét
sét jéj
jéj ta

tanặ
nặtt kễ
kễ vä
vä

jƩ jắu jaắp aä`a. ]uy `anỂ anỂ` `iy jéj aể TFJ anỂ` ęẩn ęƴỪj tãja aỪp jéj tã`a `Ċ`b
xợ fó taý`b cn`a, quẪ` fó mủ fnỂu vä cỗ rỞ`b jéj jaỮj `Ċ`b xợ fó `bầt. @bgän jaỮj
`Ċ`b ęnỉu eanỊ`, TFJ jû` ęú`b vin trû fä eặu tau `aảp vä xợ fó mủ fnỂu trg`b jéj aỂ
ZJIMI vä fä cỞt `øt trg`b jéj aỂ ęnỉu eanỊ` pặ` té` (MJZ). \ỉ vảy, vổn qui` ęnỊc
aỂ taộ`b, TFJ fä taä`a paẢ` jƩ kẪ` jắu taä`a aỂ ęnỉu eanỊ`.
-

@aƴ
@aƴ c
cển
ển tanặ
tanặtt kễ
kễ ttã`
ã`a,
a, TF
TFJ
J bỚc
bỚc paẢ`
paẢ` jỮ`b
jỮ`b vä paẢ`
paẢ` cỉc.
cỉc. TaẢ`
TaẢ` jỮ`b
jỮ`b fä jéj
jéj

tanặt kễ vảt fó jắu taä`a aỂ bỚc8 `buỚ` ju`b jắp, JT_, cgmufo väg/ri vä jéj tanặt kễ
 paữ trỪ...
trỪ... Jéj tanặt kễ
kễ vảt fó ęƴỪj fầp bp
bp vổn `aiu
`aiu tẩg ta
tậ`a
ä`a cỞt jắu `a vảt fó jỢi
aỂ taộ`b. Taỉ` cỉc kig bỚc aỂ ęnỉu ậ`a vä jaƴƩ`b trỉ`a Ữ`b mữ`b. AỂ ęnỉu ậ`a
mg `ậ sẪ` xuắt ju`b jắp ęƴỪj jän sế` rg`b kỞ `aổ jẪu TFJ. JaƴƩ`b træ`a Ữ`b mữ`b
mg `bƴồn sợ mữ`b fảp kẹ`b `bý` `bủ fảp træ`a jỢi TFJ ęỊ taỹj anỂ` cỞt tauảt tgé`
(ifbgrntac) ęnỉu eanỊ` xéj ęễ`a. Bnủi paẢ` jỮ`b vä paẢ` cỉc jú cộn fnè` aỂ jaẲt jaẳ
vổn `aiu. CỞt jaƴƩ`b træ`a Ữ`b mữ`b jaỎ ęƴỪj tanặt fảp trè` jƩ sỗ cỞt jắu `a vảt fó
jữ taỊ. @bƴỪj fẩn, cỞt aỂ taộ`b jaỎ jú taỊ taỹj anỂ` ęƴỪj ęø`b tauảt tgộ` nu ean`
`u ja`b trổ`a ỳ j tant e paỵ aỪp vổn jắu aæ`a jỢi `ú.


9:
14

 

Cý`` TF
Cý
TFJ
J

B\AM
B\

AM8 Fè Fg`b
Fg `b AỚ

LQ?_ @ÚN [NÈ@B

]ã`a ƴu vnỂt jỢi TFJ.
TFJ.
-

\nỂj
\nỂj sợ mữ`b
mữ`b TF
TFJ
J tai
taiyy taặ
taặ jé
jéjj kỞ
kỞ ęnỉ
ęnỉuu ean
eanỊ`
Ị` fg
fgbn
bnjj `ộn
`ộn mëy
mëy ęoc
ęoc fẩn
fẩn jéj
jéj fỪ
fỪnn ããja
ja

jĊ` kẪ`.
-

Jéj
Jéj kkỞỞ ęnỉ
ęnỉuu ean
eanỊ`
Ị` fg
fgbn
bnjj `ộn
`ộn më
mëyy jú
jú ęẲj
ęẲj ęn
ęnỊc
Ịc jau`
jau`bb ffää jéj
jéj pa
paẢ`
Ả` tợ fg
fgbn
bnjj fä
fä jjéj
éj

 paẢ` tợ vảt
vảt fó. KỞ ęnỉu
ęnỉu eanỊ` fgbnj `ộn mëy taỹj anỂ` aäc ęęnỉu
nỉu eanỊ` kẹ`b sƩ ęỚ

ęỚ `ộn
jéj paẢ` tợ fgbnj kẹ`b mëy mấ` vảt fó (mëy mấ` ęnỂ`, cẩja n`) ęê ęƴỪj `ộn jỮ`b. \ỉ
vảy aỂ `äy jaỎ taỹj anỂ` cỞt ậc ęnỉu eanỊ` `aắt ęễ`a. Cuộ` taiy ęởn aäc ęnỉu
eanỊ` jẢ` paẪn taiy ęởn jắu trøj jỢi aỂ. Ĕú fä tã`a eaý`b cỉc mẵg jỢi kỞ ęnỉu eanỊ`
fgbnj `ộn mëy. Ĕộn vổn jéj aỂ paỮj tẩp, `anỉu paẢ` tợ taæ tã`a eaý`b cỉc mẵg fä cỞt
`aƴỪj ęnỊc fổ`. ]uy `anè`, ƴu nc ji k nu ean` fgbnj `n mởy paỵ ap vổn jéj
aỂ ęƩ` bnẪ`, ãt paẢ` tợ vä jý`b suắt fổ`.
-

ĔẲj
ĔẲj ęnỊ
ęnỊc
c jjỢi
Ợi TFJ
TFJ fä
fä jéj
jéj paẢ`
paẢ` tợ fg
fgbn
bnjj ęƴỪ
ęƴỪjj ęễ`
ęễ`aa `ba
`baĮi
Įi kẹ`b
kẹ`b jaƴƩ
jaƴƩ`b
`b trỉ`
trỉ`aa vä
vä

taỹj anỂ`
ậc ęnỉu eanỊ` kẹ`b jaƴƩ`b træ`a (aæ`a mƴổn).


9=
15

 

Cý`` TF
Cý
TFJ
J

B\AM
B\
AM8 Fè Fg`b
Fg `b AỚ

 A`a 98 ZƤ Ĕớ AỌ ĔNỄ_
ĔNỄ_ EANị@ FGBNJ
FGBNJ MÞ@B TFJ 
-

]r
]rg`
g`bb ssƩƩ ęỚ
ęỚ `äy
`äy jé
jéjj cgm

cgmuf
ufoo väg
väg vä cgmu
cgmufo
fo ri fä jéj
jéj tan
tanặt
ặt kễ eặt
eặt `ộn
`ộn vổn
vổn jéj
jéj

 paẢ` tợ fgbnj
fgbnj kè` `bgän.
`bgän. JaƴƩ
JaƴƩ`b
`b træ`a ęnỉu eanỊ` ęƴỪj fƴu bnủ trg`b kỞ `aổ. TFJ
taỹj anỂ` tuẢ` tỹ jéj fỂ`a jỢi jaƴƩ`b træ`a ęỊ ęnỉu eanỊ` jéj tanặt kễ tƴƩ`b tỹ `aƴ sƩ
ęỚ ęnỉu eanỊ` enỊu `ộn mëy..
-

TFJ
TFJ ęê
ęê taỹ
taỹjj anỂ
anỂ`` tai
taiyy ta
taặ jéj
jéj cẩja

cẩja fg
fgbn
bnjj `ộn
`ộn mëy
mëy kẹ`
kẹ`bb jéj
jéj ‖c
‖cẩj
ẩjaa fgb
fgbnj
nj fảp
fảp

træ`a ęƴỪj–. ]rg`b jéj cẩja fgbnj `äy jú taỊ jầt kệ, jấ`, tằc väg jéj paẢ` tợ cỞt
jéja mỏ mä`b vä ęƩ` bnẪ`. ]rg`b taỹj tặ, vnỂj taiy ęởn taic sộ ęnỉu eanỊ` jỢi jaƴƩ`b
træ`a, taảc jẫ taiy ęởn jaƴƩ`b trỉ`a ęnỉu eanỊ` taƴồ`b xu` xẪy ri ean taiy ęởn sẪ`
 paẮc, taiy ęởn jý`b `baỂ. Ĕộn vn a n
nu
u ean` ffgbnj
gbnj mỵ`b TFJ, jỵ`b c
ctt ju trøj
vảt fó jú taỊ taỹj anỂ` jéj ậc ęnỉu eanỊ` eaộj `aiu, tỵy tauj vọg ja`b trổ`a.
@bai fọ, jỳ ta taiy
taiy ęởn aäc ęęnỉu
nỉu eanỊ` cä eaý`b jẢ` taiy ęęởn
ởn jắu trøj
trøj jỢi aỂ. Ĕú fä
tã`a cỉc mẵg jỢi TFJ. ]ã`a cỉc mẵg `äy ęẪc kẪg TFJ ęƴỪj sợ mữ`b jú anỂu quẪ
jig trg`b jéj aỂ paỮj tẩp, jú `anỉu paẢ` tợ. @bgän ri, ƴu ęnỊc jỢi TFJ fä agẩt ęỞ`b
tn` jảy, tnèu taữ `Ċ`b fƴỪ`b ãt, mỏ mä`b cỗ rỞ`b aỂ taộ`b, vnỂj jauyỊ` bnig jý`b

`baỂ ęƴỪj `ai`a vä anỂu quẪ aƩ` sg vổn jéj aỂ fgbnj `ộn mëy. Aẩ` jaặ jỢi TFJ fä
tã`a téj ęỞ`b `ai`a eaý`b jig vä jaỎ sợ mữ`b tẩg ri jéj tã` anỂu ęnỉu eanỊ` jý`b suắt


9?
16

 

Cý`` TF
Cý
TFJ
J

B\AM
B\
AM8 Fè Fg`b
Fg `b AỚ

`aệ. CỞt ƴu ęnỊc jẢ` `aắ` cẩ`a ean cỗ rỞ`b paẩc vn Ữ`b mữ`b jỢi TFJ fä jú taỊ
tnặ` aä`a cý paệ`b ean eaẪg sét vä tanặt eặ aỂ taộ`b. TFJ vổn jéj jaỮj `Ċ`b truyỉ`
taý`b jú taỊ eặt `ộn cẩ`b vổn jéj kỞ ęnỉu eanỊ` eaéj, vổn jéj aỂ taộ`b céy tã`a vä
ęnỉu eanỊ` ęỊ taỹj anỂ` jéj jaỮj `Ċ`b ęnỉu eanỊ` qué træ`a, ęnỉu eanỊ` paë` té`, tau
`aẩp mủ fnỂu vä bnig mnỂ` céy- `bƴồn.
;.
;.9.
9.;; @A
@A MẤ@B
MẤ@B KÈ@
KÈ@ @

@BG
BGÄN
ÄN

 A`a ;8 TFJ
TFJ CN]Z_KNZAN 
CN]Z_KNZAN 


9<
17

 

Cý`` TF
Cý
TFJ
J

B\AM
B\
AM8 Fè Fg`b
Fg `b AỚ

 A`a :8 TFJ
TFJ GC[G@ 

 A`a =8 TFJ ZNOCO@Z 
;.
;.9.

9.:: Jậ_
Jậ_ ][Ø
][ØJ
JK
KÈ@
È@ ][G@
][G@B
B
-

]aä`a paẢ
paẢ` jƩ kẪ
kẪ` jỢ
jỢii TFJ
TFJ bỚc
bỚc jú8
jú8 eaộ
eaộn xợ fó
fó tr
tru`b tëc
tëc (JT
(JT_ ‚ Jo`
Jo`trif

Trgjosn`b _`nt), jéj cgmufo väg/ri, `buỚ` ju`b jắp (Tgwor Zuppfy _`nt) vä tanặt kễ
fảp træ`a (Trgbriccn`b Movnjo).


92
18

 

Cý`` TF
Cý
TFJ
J
-

B\AM
B\
AM8 Fè Fg`b
Fg `b AỚ

JaƴƩ
JaƴƩ`b
`b træ`
træ`aa ęƴỪ
ęƴỪjj sgẩ
sgẩ`` taẪ
taẪgg trg
trg`b
`b ta
tanặ
nặtt kễ
kễ ffảp
ảp tr
træ`
æ`aa vä
vä ęƴỪ

ęƴỪjj `ẩp
`ẩp väg
väg kỞ
kỞ `aổ 
`aổ 

jỢi TFJ. Jéj cgmufo väg/ri fä jéj jở`b pp `ộn TFJ vổn tanặt kễ kè` `bgän(bển fä
tanặt kễ trƴồ`b- Lnofm Movnjo). Jéj jở`b väg/ ri jú `anỂc vữ jauyỊ` ęởn taãja Ữ`b
bnủi jéj `buỚ` tã` anỂu vä TFJ. Jéj cgmufo väg fä jéj tanặt kễ `aả` tã` anỂu tụ tanặt
 kễ väg, jauyỊ` ęởn tậ`a mủ fnỂu, vã mữ8 pẫc kắc, jý`b tầj ậ`a trỉ`a, jẪc knặ`,
jauyỊ` cẩja... Jéj cgmufo ri fä tanặt kễ bp `ộn TFJ vổn jéj tanặt kễ ri, jauyỊ` ęởn
mủ fnỂu taä`a tã` anỂu ęnỉu eanỊ` jéj jƩ jắu jaắp aä`a, vã mữ8 rƩ fo, vi`. Ĕá`... ZƩ ęỚ
`ộn jéj tanặt kễ väg/ri (N/G) vổn jéj cgmufo väg/ri ęƴỪj træ`a käy `aƴ aæ`a mƴổn.

 A`a ?8 ZƤ
ZƤ Ĕớ Jậ_ ][ØJ JỬI TFJ 
-

]r
]rg`
g`bb ttaỹ
aỹjj tặ,
tặ, jé
jéjj jở`
jở`bb vväg
äg/r
/rii jú
jú ain
ain fg
fgẩn

ẩn88 ffgẩ
gẩnn jộ
jộ ęęễ`
ễ`aa (Ln
(Lnxo
xom)
m) vä fg
fgẩn
ẩn mẩ`b
mẩ`b

cgmufo aúi (Cgmufir). Fgẩn jộ ęễ`a ęƴỪj sợ mữ`b jag jéj TFJ jứ `aệ, jéj jở`b
väg/ri bầ` jộ ęễ`a väg eaộn JT_, eaý`b taiy ęởn ęƴỪj vễ trã. Ƨu ęnỊc jỢi fgẩn `äy fä
bné taä`a taắp. ]uy `anè` `ặu cuộ` cỗ rỞ`b jở`b väg/ri jẢ` paẪn tri`b kễ taèc eaộn


91
19

 

Cý`` TF
Cý
TFJ
J

B\AM
B\
AM8 Fè Fg`b
Fg `b AỚ

cỗ rỞ`b tƴƩ`b Ữ`b. Fgẩn cgmufo aúi ęƴỪj sợ mữ`b trg`b ęi sộ jéj trƴồ`b aỪp vä fä
jắu trøj tnèu jauẮ` jỢi TFJ. Jéj cgmufo väg/ri jú taỊ taég fầp, taiy ęởn vễ trã mỏ
mä`b trè` jéj eao jầc (Zfgt) vä jéj rê`a ([ije). Jắu trøj enỊu `äy (kig bỚc jẪ jéj
ęẢu `ộn) tẩg taä`a kẪ`b cẩja Kus (Kijepfi`o), trè` ęú jgo taỊ fầp jéj eaộn `buỚ`,
JT_, cgmufo väg/ri, cgmufo cỗ rỞ`b... vä taỹj anỂ` trig ęởn taý`b tn` vổn `aiu.

 A`a <8 ZƤ
ZƤ Ĕớ CGM_FO
CGM_FO \ÄG ZƤ Ĕớ CGM_FO
CGM_FO [I
-

Eaộn
Eaộn `buỚ
`buỚ`` jju`
u`bb jjắp
ắp `buỚ
`buỚ`` c
cỞt
Ởt ja
janỉ
nỉuu jag
jag jéj
jéj eeaộ
aộnn ęęƴỪ
ƴỪjj ffầp
ầp ęẲt
ęẲt vväg
äg kẪ`b

Ẫ`b

cẩja Kus. Jý`b sut ji ean `bu` j ja` tỵy tauj vọg jắu aæ`a jỢi aỂ. ]rg`b
ęi sộ jéj trƴồ`b aỪp, `buỚ` ju`b jp `ọy eaý`b paỵ ap vn jộj tant k trƴồ`b. \æ
vảy, jéj tanặt kễ trƴồ`b taƴồ`b ęƴỪj ju`b jắp kẹ`b `buỚ` `bgän rnè`b.
Eaộn JT_ fä kỞ `êg jỢi TFJ, aẩt `ặ` fä kỞ vn xợ fó quyặt ęễ`a tã`a jaắt vä eaẪ `Ċ`b
jỢi TFJ8 tộj ęỞ xợ fó, eaẪ `Ċ`b qué træ`a väg/ri... JT_ taỹj anỂ` jaƴƩ`b træ`a trg`b
 kỞ `aổ jaƴƩ`b
jaƴƩ`b træ`a,
træ`a, ęƴi ri jéj quyặt ęễ`
ęễ`aa vä trig ęęởn
ởn taý`b tn` vổn kè` `bgän taý`b
qui jéj jở`b väg/ri.
;.
;.9.
9.== @B_^
@B_^È@
È@ ]ẠJ
]ẠJ AGẤ
AGẤ]
]Ĕ
Ĕố@
ố@B
B

-

 @buyè` tầj agẩt mỞ`b jƩ kẪ` jỢi TFJ8 \û`b qt jjaƴƩ`b
aƴƩ`b trỉ`a
trỉ`a TFJ agẩt ęỞ`b

ęỞ`b

taog `bu` tầj qt vû`b (Zji`). CỒn vû`b qt (Zji` Jyjfo) kig bỚc ki bnin ęgẩ`
jƩ kẪ` ęƴỪj træ`a käy trè` aæ`a mƴổn.


9>
20

 

Cý`` TF
Cý
TFJ
J

B\AM
B\
AM8 Fè Fg`b
Fg `b AỚ

 A`a 28 ZƤ Ĕớ \Û@B Y_ẻ] ]AJ AN@ JA@B
JA@B ][ặ@A JI
JI TFJ
-

bni
bninn g
g`` ta
ta `aắt

`aắt,, TFJ
TFJ ęểj
ęểj ttrẩ
rẩ`b
`b ta
taén
én tã
tã`` anỂ
anỂuu ỗ jéj
jéj cgm
cgmuf
ufoo vvọg
ọg,, bbn
n vọg
vọg

vỵ`b u vọg fọc m fnu taj anỂ` jaƴƩ`b træ`a.
Bnin ęgẩ` taỮ ain fä taỹj anỂ` jaƴƩ`b træ`a trg`b kỞ `aổ. Eặt quẪ taỹj anỂ` jaƴƩ`b
træ`a fä mủ fnỂu vä jéj quyặt ęễ`a ęƴỪj fƴu bnủ trg`b k `a mỵ`b jag vỷ`b quợt siu
aiy i cgmufo ri.
Bnin g` ta ki, TFJ bn m fnu ` vỵ`b u ri vä knặ` ęởn taä`a tã` anỂu ęnỉu
eanỊ` jƩ jắu jaắp aä`a `ộn vổn cgmufo ri. ean ęú, cỞt vû`b qt ęƴỪj agä` tậ`a,
vû`b qt tnặp taog kầt ęẢu vä qué træ`a ęƴỪj taỹj anỂ` fnè` tữj eaý`b `bụ`b.
Yué træ`a ęểj tã` anỂu väg vä bợn tã` anỂu ri bển fä q trỉ`a qt väg/ri. Y trỉ`a
taỹj anỂ` jaƴƩ`b trỉ`a bển fä qt jaƴƩ`b trỉ`a.
]aồn bni` ęỊ taỹj anỂ` cỞt vû`b qt bển fä jau eỺ qt. Jau qt jú Ẫ`a aƴỗ`b
ęặ` tộj ęỞ xợ fó jỢi TFJ vä Ẫ`a aƴỗ`b ęặ` eaẪ `Ċ`b xợ fó taồn bni` taỹj jỢi TFJ.
 @ún jéja eaéj,
eaéj, vnỂj sợ mữ`b TFJ ttrg`b
rg`b jéj kän tgé` ęnỉu eanỊ` jaỎ ęƴỪj jaắp `aả`

ean jau eæ qt jỢi TFJ ęỢ `aệ sg vổn aẹ`b sộ taồn bni` jỢi aỂ ęnỉu eanỊ`. Ean ęú, jú
taỊ jaắp `aả` xợ fó ęỚ`b taồn (taồn bni` taỹj) ęƴỪj taiy taặ kẹ`b xợ fó tuẢ` tỹ.
Jau eỺ qt paữ tauỞj väg jéj `aë` tộ siu8 tộj ęỞ jỢi kỞ vn xợ fó jỢi JT_, ęỞ män
jaƴƩ`b trỉ`a, sộ fƴỪ`b jéj ęẢu väg/ri. @bgän ri, jau eỺ qt jû` paữ tauỞj cỞt sộ
jéj jau eỺ qt paữ `aƴ8 taồn bni` jauyỊ` ęởn sg`b sg`b ‚ `ộn tnặp jỢi aỂ taộ`b väg
ri paë` té` ([ocgto N/G), taồn bni` xợ fó truyỉ` taý`b `ộn tnặp, taồn bni` xợ fó `bầt,
taồn bni` ęểj/ ban ęẢu väg / ri tƴƩ`b tỹ, taồn bni` taƴja anỂ` jéj jaƴƩ`b træ`a enỊc


;4
21

 

Cý`` TF
Cý
TFJ
J

B\AM
B\
AM8 Fè Fg`b
Fg `b AỚ

tri, jẪ`a kég aỂ taộ`b... ]uy `anè`, ęộn vổn cỞt aỂ jữ taỊ taæ jéj `ặ` tộ, trụ tộj ęỞ
jỢi kỞ vn xợ fó, ęỉu fẢ jộ ęễ`a. \ỉ vảy ęỊ bnẪc jau eỺ qt t paẪn jaể` JT_ jú tộj
ęỞ xợ fó jig.
 @bu` tầj
tầj agẩt ęỞ`
ęỞ`bb qt vû`b

vû`b jỢi JT_ aẩ` jaặ eaẪ`
eaẪ` `Ċ`b xợ fó tỮj taồ
taồnn jỢi TFJ.
\ỉ vảy, TFJ jaỢ yặu ęƴỪj sợ mữ`b trg`b jéj aỂ ęnỉu eanỊ` qué træ`a knặ` tanè` jaảc.
]uy `anè`, jéj TFJ anỂ` ęẩn ęê ęƴỪj tri`b kễ vä tĊ`b jƴồ`b jéj tã`a `Ċ`b xợ fó `bầt
`bäy jä`b agä` tanỂ` ęỊ xợ fó `ai`a vä eễp taồn.
\ắ` ęỉ xợ fó vû`b qt ęẢu tnè` jẢ` paẪn ęƴỪj qui` tëc ean Ữ`b mữ`b TFJ. Ĕnỉu `äy
fä mg ỗ vû`b qt ęẢu tnè`, jéj mủ fnỂu ęỉu jaƴi sế` sä`b, aỂ ęi`b ỗ qué træ`a eaỗn
tẩg. Ĕộn vổn jé aỂ cä qué træ`a eaỗn tẩg eaý`b Ẫ`a aƴỗ`b ęặ` qué træ`a ęnỉu eanỊ` taæ
jú taỊ kệ qui. @bƴỪj fẩn, jéj aỂ taộ`b eắj jẢ` fƴu ó vû`b qt `äy. \ỉ vảy, TFJ ęỉu
ju`b jắp jồ trẩ`b tắn jú bné trễ kẹ`b 9 ỗ vû`b qt ęẢu tnè` vä kẹ`b 4 ỗ jéj vû`b
qt eắj, bển fä Lnrst Zji` Lfib. @bn s m`b jỳ ta mỵ`b j tr`b taộn `äy ęỊ tnặ`
aä`a eaỗn tẩg vä tanặt fảp jéj ęnỉu enỂ` ki` ęẢu jag aỂ taộ`b.
;.9.?
;.9
.? JÉJ JAỬ@B
JAỬ@B FGẤ
FGẤNN TFJ
TFJ \Ä ỡ@B Mử
Mử@B
@B
-

TFJ
TFJ jú rắt
rắt ``an
anỉu
ỉu ja
jaỢ`
Ợ`bb ffgẩ

gẩnn vä
vä mg
mg rrắt
ắt ``an
anỉu
ỉu `a
`aää ssẪ`
Ẫ` xu
xuắt
ắt ju`b
ju`b jắp.
jắp. CỞt
CỞt ssộộ `aä
`aä

sẪ` xuắt vä tãja aỪp aỂ taộ`b sợ mữ`b TFJ mg jẫ`a aể jaặ tẩg.@ú fä cỞt tậ`a paẢ`
jắu tậ`a aỂ taộ`b vä ęƴỪj sợ mữ`b trg`b paẩc vn aẾp. CỞt sộ `aä sẪ` xuắt ju`b jắp
TFJ `aƴ fä sẪ` paẮc ęi mữ`b jag `bƴồn tanặt eặ vä tãja aỪp aỂ taộ`b. @aä sẪ` xuắt
ju`b jắp tanặt kễ, paẢ` cỉc, aỒ trỪ eỾ tauảt vä ęäg tẩg ęỊ `bƴồn sợ mữ`b jú ęnỉu enỂ`
Ữ`b mữ`b jéj sẪ` paẮc `äy väg jéj aỂ taộ`b jỢi cỉ`a. Jú cỞt sộ ă`b sẪ` xuắt ęnỊ`
aæ`aa fä8 ZNOC
aæ`
ZNOCO@Z(
O@Z(ĔỮj),
ĔỮj), IFFO@-K
IFFO@-K[IMF
[IMFO^,
O^, BOL_@_J(
BOL_@_J(CỾ),
CỾ), CN]Z_KNZ

CN]Z_KNZAN,
AN,
]GZANKI( @aảt kẪ`)....
-

Mg TFJ ęƴỪ
ęƴỪj sợ
sợ mữ
mữ`b rắt
rắt rỞ`b
Ở`b rrêên ttụụ jéj
jéj kän tgé` ęƩ`
ęƩ` bn
bnẪ` ęặ` jéj
jéj kkän
än tgé`

 paỮj tẩp, `è` TFJ ęƴỪj jaặ tg mn `anu fgn eaộj `aiu paỵ ap vn yốu jẢu jỢi
taỹj tặ. \nỂj paë` fgẩn TFJ mỹi trè` jƩ sỗ eaẪ `Ċ`b (tộj ęỞ xợ fó, mu`b fƴỪ`b kỞ
`aổ, sộ fƴỪ`b ęẢu väg/ ri) ęƴỪj jani taä`a jéj fgẩn jaã`a siu8 fgẩn `aệ, fgẩn vụi vä
fgẩn fổ`.


;9
22

 

Cý`` TF
Cý

TFJ
J

-

B\AM
B\
AM8 Fè Fg`b
Fg `b AỚ

TFJ fgẩn `aệ jú `anỉu tố` bn eaộj `aiu tỵy tauj jộj aờ`b ja tg (sciff,

cnjrg), jú mu`b fƴỪ`b kộ `aổ mƴổn ;EK, quẪ` fó sộ ęnỊc väg/ri mƴổn 9;1 vä ęƴỪj sợ
mữ`b trg`b jéj Ữ`b mữ`b ęƩ` bnẪ`, yèu jẢu ãt ęnỊc ri/väg.

-

TFJ jứ vụi (Comnuc) jú kỞ `aổ ęặ` :;EK, vä quẪ` fó sộ ęnỊc väg/ri ęặ`

;4=1. jắu aæ`a jỢi aỂ jú taỊ sợ mữ`b jéj cgmufo väg/ri ęẲj knỂt ęỊ taỹj anỂ` jéj
jaỮj `Ċ`b ęnỉu eanỊ` q trỉ`a vä xợ fó t`b tn`.

-

TFJ jứ fổ` (Firbo) fä tanặt kễ paỮj tẩp `aắt jú taỊ quẪ` fó ęặ` ;CK kỞ `aổ vä

9<.444 ęnỊc väg ri. TFJ fgẩn `äy jú Ữ`b mữ`b eaý`b aẩ` jaặ tụ ęnỉu eanỊ` cỞt qué
træ`a jý`b `baỂ ęặ` ęnỉu eanỊ` cỞt pặ` xƴỗ`b, cỞt `ậ céy.

-

TaƴƩ`b pắp pặ` fgẩn TFJ ỗ trè` eặt aỪp vổn enỊu mé`b jaặ tẩg sẳ ęƴi ri jéj

jaỢ`b fgẩn TFJ siu ęëy. Jéj TFJ jứ `aệ taƴồ`b ęƴỪj jaặ tẩg ỗ mẩ`b jộ ęễ`a
(Jgcpijt, Lnxom). \ổn fgẩn `äy, `buỚ` ju`b jắp,JT_ vä cỞt sộ nc vọg/ri j ja
tg trố` jỵ`b ct (G`kgirm). u nc jƩ kẪ` jỢi TFJ fgẩn `äy fä bné taä`a taắp, `aệ,
bể` vä taãja aỪp jéj Ữ`b mữ`b `aệ. Zộ jéj ęnỊc väg/ri trè` TFJ taog tỲ fỂ :8;, vã mữ,
fgẩn 94 ęnỊc (< väg, = ri), fgẩn ;4 ęnỊc (9; väg, 1 ri), fgẩn :4 ęnỊc (9; väg, 91 ri) vä
fgẩn =1 ęnỊc, <4 ęnỊc.... Ean jẢ` tanặt jú taỊ sợ mữ`b jéj cgmufo väg/ri cỗ rỞ`b. ]uy
`anè` vổn TFJ fgẩn `äy ãt ean sợ mữ`b jéja cỗ rỞ`b `aƴ vảy. @aƴỪj ęnỊc jaã`a fä
tã`a cỉc mẵg eaý`b jig, tộj ęỞ xợ fó jaảc, kỞ `aổ `aệ, aẩ` jaặ sộ ęnỊc väg/ri. ZƩ 
ęỚ tở jaỮj TFJ fgẩn `aệ, mẩ`b jộ ęễ`a ęƴỪj træ`a käy trè` aæ`a mƴổn.

-

Jéj TFJ fgẩn vụi vä fgẩn fổ` ęƴỪj jaặ tẩg ỗ mẩ`b jéj cgmufo rnè`b knỂt, jú taỊ

taég, fầp mỏ mä`b (Cgmufir). Jéj cgmufo jƩ kẪ` fä8 `buỚ`, JT_, väg/ri... Ĕëy fä jắu
trøj tnèu jauẮ` jỢi TFJ, ęẪc kẪg jag TFJ ęƴỪj sợ mữ`b cỞt jéja cỉc mẵg vä `bƴồn
sợ mữ`b jú `anỉu fỹi jaể` jag jắu aæ`a jỢi cæ`a. Jéj cgmufo ęƴỪj fầp väg jéj eao
jầc (Zfgt) trè` kẪ`b cẩja Kus (Kus Cgmufo, Kijepfi`o).


;;
23

 

Cý`` TF
Cý

TFJ
J

B\AM
B\
AM8 Fè Fg`b
Fg `b AỚ

 A`a 18 TFJ
TFJ MẤ@B @A
@AỀ
Ề FGẤN JỔ ĔỈ@A 

 A`a >8 TFJ
TFJ FGẤN \ỨI
\ỨI \Ä FỘ@ MẤ@B
MẤ@B CGM_FO 
CGM_FO 

-

ỡ`b mữ`b jỢi TFJ ęƴỪj jani fäc : `ẳc jẫ`a fä8 ĔƩ` `anỂc (Zn`bfo), ęi
`anỂc (Cuftntise) vä quẪ` fó ęnỉu eanỊ` (Jg`trgf Ci`obco`t).


;:
24

 

Cý`` TF
Cý
TFJ
J

-

B\AM
B\
AM8 Fè Fg`b
Fg `b AỚ

ỡ`b mữ`b ęƩ` `anỂc fä jaỎ sợ mữ`b cỞt TFJ muy `aắt ęỊ ęnỉu eanỊ` cỞt qué

træ`a eĮ tauảt. Ĕú fä cỞt eaộn ęnỉu eanỊ` ęỞj fảp, eaý`b jú trig ęởn taý`b tn` vổn céy
tã`a agẲj jéj TFJ eắj. Jắu `a jỢi aỂ jú taỊ mỵ`b TFJ jộj fgn `a, vi agj f`.

-

`b m`b i `anỂc taƴồ`b sợ mữ`b TFJ jứ vụi ęỊ ęnỉu eanỊ` cỞt jý`b ęgẩ`

jỢi mëy jauyỉ` sẪ` xuắt agẲj ęỊ ęnỉu eanỊ` cỞt vän qué træ`a eỾ tauảt vổn sộ fƴỪ`b
ęnỊc väg/ri tẫja aỪp. CỒn TFJ jú taỊ tậ`a cỞt `øt trg`b aỂ ęnỉu eanỊ` paỮj tẩp (vã
mữ8 aỂ ęnỉu eanỊ` MJZ). Ean ęú, yèu jẢu jú sỹ trig ęởn mủ fnỂu, taý`b tn` bnủi jéj
TFJ vổn `aiu, agẲj bnủi TFJ vä jéj tanặt kễ eaéj (`aƴ céy tã`a, trẩc eĮ tauảt...).
\nỂj trig ęởn mủ fnỂu, taý`b tn` `aồ truyỉ` taý`b cẩ`b taog jauẮ` jý`b `banỂp.

-

ỡ`b mữ`b quẪ` fó ęnỉu eanỊ` taƴồ`b sợ mữ`b jéj TFJ jứ fổ`, vổn jắu aæ`a jỢi

aỂ fä cỞt cẩ`b FI@ ęnỉu eanỊ` taộ`b `aắt, jú sỹ trig ęởn mủ fnỂu vä taý`b tn` bnủi
jéj taä`a paẢ` jỢi aỂ. ]rg`b ęú TFJ ęú`b vin trû fä kỞ ęnỉu eanỊ`, ęỚ`b taồn quẪ` fó
agẩt ęỞ`b tgä` kỞ aỂ fä trẩc jaỢ (Cistor). Jéj TFJ eaéj fä jéj kỞ ęnỉu eanỊ` vä
ęỚ`b taồn fä tanặt kễ tau `aảp mủ fnỂu paữj vữ jag jý`b téj quẪ` fó vä taog mÿn aỂ
taộ`b bển trẩc tổ (Zfivo).
;.9.<
;.9
.< JÉJ CGM_
CGM_FO
FO CỐ [
[@B
@B JI LQ
LQ-?_
-?_

A`a 948 EAN
EAN N@/G_]
-

Ean N/G c r`b mỵ`b `buỚ` IJ agẲj MJ vổn 9< agẲj :; N/G (`ợi fä N`puts
+ `ợi fä Gutputs) jú jẪ ęẢu ri rgfo vä tri`snstgr (sgujn`b vä sn`en`b).


;=

25

 

Cý`` TF
Cý
TFJ
J

B\AM
B\
AM8 Fè Fg`b
Fg `b AỚ

-

Eaộn ęẢu väg cỗ rỞ`b jỳ fgn 1/9< vọ :; N`puts mỵ`b `bu` ;=\MJ

-

Ean u ri cỗ rỞ`b jú fgẩn 1/9< vä :; Gutputs jẪ enỊu rƩfo vä tri`snstgr 

(sgujn`b vä sn`en`b).
-

Eaộn xu`b jig tộj (anba spoom pufso) vổn 1 ęẢu väg vä 1 ęẢu ri.

-

Eaộn väg tƴƩ`b tỹ (I/M) vổn jéj fgẩn = eè`a vä 1 eè`a ęƴỪj jaặ tẩg enỊu ęnỂ`

ép jú jéj mẪn8 4-?\5 9-?\5 4-94\ vä mẪn (-94\ ęặ` +94\).

-

Eaộn ri tƴƩ`b tỹ (M/I) vổn fgẩn = eè`a jŮ`b enỊu ęnỂ` ép jú mẪn `aƴ eaộn ęẢu

väg tƴƩ`b tỹ
-

Eaộn ęẢu väg eặt `ộn trỹj tnặp vổn jẪc knỊ` `anỂt ęỞ5 jú fgẩn = eè`a vä 1 eè`a.

JaỢ`b fgẩn so`sgr `anỂt ęỞ tụ -;44gJ ęặ` 9;44gJ (Tt9445 @n9445… JĊp `anỂt `bấu
fgẩn E,H,],K,[,Z…).
-

Eaộn kỞ ęặc tộj ęỞ jig (Anba Zpoom Jgu`tor)8 fgẩn ; eè`a, tẢ` sộ tộn ęi

;44eAz.
-

Eaộn jauyè` mữ`b jag ęnỉu eanỊ` jauyỊ` ęỞ`b (Cgtng`) = trữj vä 1 trữj.

-

Eaộn jauyè` mữ`b ęnỉu eanỊ` vễ trã 9 trữj vä ; trữj (tẢ` sộ ;44eAz).

-

Jéj eaộn cỗ rỞ`b vỉ truyỉ` taý`b fgẩn8JJ-FN@E5 Otaor`ot5 CGMK_Z5 Zornif

jgccu`njitng`.
-

Jéj eaộn `buỚ` ju`b jắp ?\MJ mû`b tẪn xắp xỎ 9I.