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<span class='text_page_counter'>(1)</span>LESSONSENTENCE TRANSFORMATION ( Biến đổi câu) 1 khoảng TG + ago. S + started /began + Ving / to V1… +. (prep.+) moác TG. 1/ S +. has / have +. V3. for + khoảng TG +. been +Ving Ex:. since + moác TG. We started studying English half an hour ago.  We’ve been studying English for half an hour. 1 khoảng TG + ago.. The last time + S + V2 + … was +. (prep.+) moác TG. 2a/  S + has / have not + V3 ….. +. Ex:. since + moác TG. The last time she had a swim was five years ago.  She has not had a swim for five years. S + last + V2 + … when S +. 2b/.  S + has / have not Ex:. 3/. for + khoảng TG. V2 since + S + V2. + V3 ….. +. I last went to the football match when I was a student.  I haven’t gone to the football match since I was a student. S. + has / have not + V3 ….. +.  It + is + 1 khoảng TG +. for +. 01 khoảng TG. since + S + V2. Ex: She hasn’t had a swim for five years.  It is five years since she had a swim. S +. has /have +. never/not. + V 3 … (+before).

<span class='text_page_counter'>(2)</span> 4/. 5/.  This / it is the first time + (that) + S + has /have + ever + V 3… Ex: I’ve never visited Paris before.  This is the first time (that) I’ve (ever) visited Paris. S. + V2 … and then (S) +.  After + S + had + V3 …. V2. ,. S. +. V2 …. I had breakfast and then went to school.  After I had had breakfast, I went to school.. Ex:. 6/ The formal subject “IT”:. Ving / To V1 … + be + adj. /n. (+for O). To V1….  IT + be + adj. / n (+for O) + Ex: Knowing English is useful.  It is useful to know English. 7/ The formal object “IT”: Ving / To V1 … +. be. +. adj. /n.  S + V* + IT + adj. / n +. to V1…. V* : find, make, think. consider, believe, feel,… Ex: Living in the city is exciting.  Some people find it exciting to live in the city.. 8/. be accustomed to. = be used to. become accustomed to = get used to Ex:. 9/. + V ing. We often go to school by bus. We are used to going to school by bus. used to + V 1. Ex: My grandfather often played tennis when he was young.  My grandfather used to play tennis when he was young..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(3)</span> 10/. S + spend(s) / spent . + time + V ing. It + takes / took (+ O) + time. + To V1. We spent five hours getting to London. I t took us five hours to get to London.. Ex:. can S +. ____ not could. 11/. + V1 … because of +. n. prevent(s) / stop(s). S. + _________________ + O + from + prevented / stopped Ex: We can’t drive because of fog. The fog prevents us from driving.. Ving. 12/ Inversion: Đảo ngữ Adv*. +. V. +. S…. Adv*: No longer, Never, Rarely, Seldom, Only, No sooner, Hardly …. She no longer gets up early.  No longer does she get up early. 13/ Who + do /does + S + belong to?  Who own(s) …….?  Whose + V + S… ?  Whose + n + V + S …. ? Ex: Who does this bicycle belong to?  Who owns this bicycle?  Whose is this bicycle?  Whose bicycle is this? Ex:. 14/ Causative Form: S + have / get +. O (Người) +V1. O (vaät) + V3 nhờ ai đó làm việc gì. ( Chủ động) (bị động). Ex : a) Tom is going to repair my T.V tomorrow..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(4)</span>  I am going to have Tom repair my T.V tomorrow.  I am going to have my T.V repaired by Tom tomorrow. b) He’s getting someone to mend the window.  He’s having the window mended. Because + S + V Because of + n / Ving. 15/. a)  Example: a) Because she walked in the sun, she was sick.  Because of walking in the sun, she was sick.. b). Because. the + n + be + adj.  Because of the. +. adj +. n. b) Because the weather was bad,the train was delayed for twenty minutes.  Because of the bad weather, the train was delayed for twenty minutes. c). Because. S.  Because of. +. be. poss. adj. + adj. n. +. c) Because he is ill, he can’t go there.  Because of his illness, he can’t go there. d). Because. S +. V*ord..  Because of Poss. Adj + adj. +. adv. +. n. d) Because she behaves well, everybody loves her.  Because of her good behavior, everybody loves her.. V* :. develop,. invent,. liberate,. discover,. (n) : development, invention, liberation, discovery,. behave,. rain…. behavior,. rain,. …... e). Because. . Because of. +. there + be. + n… + n…. e) Because there was the August Revolution, Vietnam was freed from colonialism and feudalism.  Because of the August Revolution, Vietnam was freed from colonialism and feudalism..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(5)</span> 16/. Although / Though  Ex:. +. In spite of / Despite +. S. +. V. n /Ving ….. Although he is rich, he is extremely mean.  In spite of his richness, he is extremely mean.. 17. Styles: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5). Using N There + be a determination There + be a tendency show a desire give thought to have knowledge of.     . Using V S + be determined S + tend desire think about/of know about. Ex: There is a determination to overcome problems.  Children are determined to overcome problems.. CÔNG THỨC CHUYỂN ĐỔI CÂU 1. S + be + adj + prep  S + V + adv Eg: My students are very good at Mathematics. -> My students study Mathematics well. 2. S + remember + to do Sth  S + don’t forget + to do Sth -> I remember to have a Maths test tomorrow I don't forget to have a Maths test tomorrow. 3. It + be + adj  What + a + adj + N! -> It was an interesting film. What an interesting film. 4. S + V + adv  How + adj + S + be ... -> She washes clothes quickly How quick she is to wash clothes. 5. S + be + ing-adj  S + be +ed-adj 6. S + V  S + be + ed-adj.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(6)</span> 7. S + V + Khoảng thời gian  It + take + (sb) + Khoảng thời gian + to + V She have learned English for 5 years. -> It takes her 5 years to learn English. 8. S + be + too + adj + (for s.o) + to + V  S + be + so + adj + that + S + can’t + V -> The water is too hot for Peter to drink. The water is so hot that Peter can't drink 9. S + V + too + adv + to + V  S + V + so + adv + that + S + can’t + V 10. S + be + so + adj + that + S + V  S + be + not + adj + enough + to + V 11. S + be + too + adj + to + V  S + be + not + adj + enough + to + V 12. S + V + so + adv + that + S + V  It + V + such + (a/an) + N(s) + that + S +V -> He speaks so soft that we can’t hear anything. He does not speak soft 13. Because + clause  Because of + noun/gerund Because she is absent her from  In spite of + Nound/gerund 15. Although + clause  Despite + Nound/gerund 16. S + V + N  S + be + adj 17. S + be + adj  S + V + O *18. S + be accustomed to + Ving  S + be used to +Ving /N *19. S + often + V  S + be used to +Ving /N -> Nana often cried when she meets with difficulties. Nana is used to crying when she meets with difficulties *20. This is the first time + S + have + PII = S+be + not used to + Ving/N -> This is the first time I have seen so many people crying at the end of the movie. I was not used to seeing so many people crying at the end of the movie. *21. S + would prefer = S + would rather S + Past subjunctive (lối cầu khẩn) *24. S + like sth/doing sth better than sth/doing sth = S + would rather + V + than + V = S + prefer sth/doing sth to sth/doing sth....

<span class='text_page_counter'>(7)</span> -> I prefer going shoping to playing volleyball. I would rather go shoping than play volleyball. 22. S + V + O = S + find + it (unreal objective) + adj + to + V *23. It’s one’s duty to do sth = S + be + supposed to do sth 24. S + be + PII + to + V = S + be + supposed to do sth *25. Imperative verb (mệnh lệnh)= S + should (not) + be + PII *26. Imperative verb (mệnh lệnh)= S + should (not) + do sth 27. S + like sth = S + be + fond of + sth -> I like do collecting stamps. I'm fond of collecting stamps. *28. S + let + O + do sth = S + allow + S.O + to do Sth -> My boss let him be on leave for wedding. My boss allow him to be on leave for wedding. *29. S + once + past verb = S + would to + do sth. 30. S + present verb (negative) any more = S + would to + do sth. *31. S + V + because + S + V = S + V + to + infinitive -> She studies hard because she wants to pass the final examination. She studies hard to pass the final examination. *32. S + V + so that/ in order that+ S + V = S + V + to + infinitive 33. To infinitive or gerund + be + adj = It + be + adj + to + V *34. S + V + and + S + V = S + V + both ... and *35. S + V + not only ... + but also = S + V + both ... and 36. S + V + both ... and ... = S + V + not only ... but also... -> He translated fast and correctly. He translated not only fast but also correctly. 37. S1+simple present+and+S2+simple futher =If+S1 + simple present + S2 + simple futher..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(8)</span> 38. S1+didn’t + V1 + Because + S2 + didn’t + V2 = If Clause 39. Various facts given = Mệnh đề if thể hiện điều trái ngược thực tế. 40. S1 + V1 + if + S2 + V2(phủ định)= S1 + V1 + Unless + S2 + V2 (khẳng định) 41. S + V + O = S + be + noun + when + adj clause. 42. S + V + O = S + be + noun + where + adj clause. 43. S + V + O = S + be + noun + whom + adj clause. 44. S + V + O = S + be + noun + which + adj clause. 45. S + V + O = S + be + noun + that + adj clause. 46. S + V + if + S + V (phu dinh) = S + V + unless + S + V (khang dinh) *47. S + be + scared of sth = S + be + afraid of + sth 48. Let’s + V = S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive 49. In my opinion = S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive (quan điểm của tôi) 50. S + advise = S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive 51. Why don’t you do sth? = S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive *52. S + get + sb + to do sth = S + have + sb + do sth -> She gets him to spend more time with her. She have him spend more time with her. *53. S + aks + sb + to do sth = S + have + sb + do sth -> Police asked him to identify the other man in the next room. Police have him identify the other man in the next room. 54. S + request + sb + to do sth= S + have + sb + do sth -> The teacher request students to learn by heart this poem. The teacher have students laern by heart this poem. 55. S + want + sb + to do sth = S + have + sb + do sth -> I want her to lend me I have her lend me..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(9)</span> *56. S + V + no + N = S + be + N-less -> She always speaks no care. She is always careless about her words. 57. S + be + adj + that + S + V = S + be + adj + to + V -> Study is necessary that you will get a good life in the future. Study is necessary to get a good life in the future..

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