Tài liệu Unit 5: The nature of things ppt

UNIT FIVE
THE N ATURE OF THIN GS

1. READING
VOCABULARY:
1. penguin /
/
peNgwin
/ (n): a black and white bird that lives by the ocean around Antarctica
and cannot fly: chim cánh ct
2. sweater /
/
swetC
/ (n): a warm piece of clothing that covers your upper body and arms: áo len
c chui
3. lover /
/
lVvC
/ (n): someone who likes or enjoys something very much: ngi thích thú hoc
a chung cái gì
4. save /
seIv/ (v): [transitive] to make it possible for someone or something to avoid danger,
harm, injury, etc.: cu vt, cu vãn
Campaigns to save the planet/whale: Các chin dch cu vãn hành tinh / cá heo
5. soak /
sCUk/ (v): [intransitive or transitive] to make something very wet, or to become very
wet: thm nc
The rain soaked our clothes: Nc ma làm t áo chúng tôi.
6. knit /knIt/ (v): [intransitive or transitive] to make something such as a piece of clothing
using wool and sticks called knitting needles: đan, dt
7. in response to: a reaction: đáp li

8. insulation /
Insju
/
leISn/ (n): material used for preventing heat, cold, noise, or electricity
from passing through something: vt cách ly
9. endanger /
In
/
deINdZC
/ (v): to put someone or something into a situation where they might
be harmed: gây nguy him cho ai / cái gì
Smoking endangered your health: Hút thuc có hi cho sc khe.
10. wash into: to flow or carry sb/sth in a particular direction: trôi vào, dt vào
11. habitat /
/
hAbItAt
/ (n): the type of place that an animal normally lives in or a plant
normally grows in: ni c trú
natural habitat: ni c trú t nhiên
12. conservation /
kOnsC
/
veISn
/ (n): the management of land and water in ways that prevent
it from being damaged or destroyed: s bo tn
a wildlife conservation project: d án bo tn đi sng hoang dã
13. hypothermia /
haIpC
/
TC:mIC

/ (v): a serious medical condition in which your body
temperature is very low: s gim th nhit
14. poisoning /
/
pcIZCnIN
/ (n): an occasion when someone is affected by poison: s nhim
đc
mushroom/mercury/chemical/alcohol poisoning: s nhim đc nm rôm / thy ngân/ hóa
cht / ru
15. woolens /
/
wUlCnz
/ (v): clothing made from wool, especially by KNITTING: qun áo len
16. ideal /
aI
/
di:Cl
/ (a): of the best or most appropriate type: lý tng
The fair provides an ideal opportunity for jobseekers and employers to meet: Hi ch to
c hi tuyt vI cho nhng ngi tìm vic và nhng nhà tuyn dng gp g nhau.
17. pick up: (phrasal verb) to get or obtain something: có đc, đt đc
18. broadcast /
/
brc:dkAst
/ (v): [intransitive or transitive] to send out messages or programs
to be received by radios or televisions: phát sóng, phát hình
19. demand /
dI
/
mAnd

/ (n): [uncount] the amount of a product or service that people want, or
the fact that they want it: nhu cu
18,400 new houses will be needed by 2011 to cope with the demand: n nm 2011 cm
18.400 cn nhà mi đ đáp ng đc nhu cu.
demand for: Demand for organic food is increasing.: Nhu cu thc phm hu c đang
gia tng
20. in case: if: nu, trong trng hp
In case you can’t come, give me a call before I leave for work: Nu bn không đn đc,
hãy gi đin cho tôi trc khi tôi tan s.
21. waterproof /
/
wc:tCpru:f
/ (a): waterproof clothes keep you dry because they do not let
rain pass through them: không thm nc
a waterproof jacket: áo ves-tông không thm nc
IN THE KNOW: The penguins of Philip Island are very small, as can be seen in the
photograph. They are also a tourist attraction. They walk along the same pathways from the sea to
their nests every morning, and tourists go to watch them.


2. FOCUS ON GRAMMAR
VOCABULARY:
1. Mongolia: nc Mông C
2. be descended from: to be related to sb who live a long time ago: có ngun gc, có t tiên vi
ai
3. truly /
/
tru:lI
/ (adv): in the most complete, correct, or exact way: tht s, đích thc
She was someone who truly understood children: Cô ta là mt ngi thc s hiu tr em.

4. wild /waIld/ (a): a wild animal or plant lives or grows on its own in natural conditions and
is not raised by humans: hoang dã
The wild rose is a familiar sight in woods and fields: Hoa hng di là hình nh quen
thuc trong nhng nhng cánh rng và đng c.
5. domesticate /
dC
/
mestIkeIt
/ (v): to train an animal to live with or work for humans: thun
hóa, thun chng
6. set aside (phrasal verb): to keep or save something from a larger amount or supply in order to
use it later for a particular purpose: đ riêng ra, đ dành
7. steppe /
step/ (n) a large area of land with grass but few trees, especially in SE Europe and
Siberia: tho nguyên


3. VOCABULARY: PREFIXES
VOCABULARY:
1. reintroduce /
ri:IntrC
/
dju:s
/ (v): to bring back something such as a law, system, or
benefit that had been stopped: REINSTATE: gii thiu
2. coexist /
kCUig
/
zIst
/ (v): to live or exist at the same time or in the same place: cùng sinh

sng, cùng tn ti
3. deforestation /
di:fcrI
/
steISn
/ (n): the process of removing the trees from an area of
land: nn phá rng
4. overfishing (n): fishing too much: nn đánh bt cá quá nhiu
5. misleading /
mIs
/
li:dIN
/ (a: intended or likely to make someone believe something that is
incorrect or not true: đem li nhng ý ngh, v.v, sai; la di
6. relocate /
ri:lCU
/
keIt
/ (v): to move to a different place, or to make someone do this: tái
đnh c, di đa đim, đt li tr s
I left my job because the company relocated: Tôi đã ngh vic vì công ty đã di đa đim.

Affixes and roots (Tham Kho thêm sách GRAMMAR TIME)
Adding affixes to existing words (the base or root) to form new words is common in academic
English. Prefixes are added to the front of the base (
like dislike), whereas suffixes are added
to the end of the base (
active activate). Prefixes usually do not change the class of the base
word, but suffixes usually do change the class of the word.
The most common prefixes used to form new verbs in academic English are:

re-, dis-, over-,
un-, mis-, out-
. The most common suffixes are: -ise, -en, -ate, -(i)fy. By far the most common
affix in academic English is
-ise.
Verbs
e.g. prefix + verb verb
Prefix Meaning Examples
re-
again or back
restructure, revisit, reappear, rebuild, refinance
dis-
reverses the meaning of the
verb
disappear, disallow, disarm, disconnect,
discontinue

over-
too much
overbook, oversleep, overwork
un-
reverses the meaning of the
verb
unbend, uncouple, unfasten
mis-
badly or wrongly
mislead, misinform, misidentify
out-
more or better than others
outperform, outbid

be-
make or cause
befriend, belittle
co-
together
co-exist, co-operate, co-own
de-
do the opposite of
devalue, deselect
fore-
earlier, before
foreclose, foresee
Inter-
between
interact, intermix, interface
pre-
before
pre-expose, prejudge, pretest
sub-
under/below
subcontract, subdivide
Trans-
across, over
transform, transcribe, transplant
under-
not enough
underfund, undersell, undervalue, underdevelop


4. LISTENING

VOCABULARY:
1. national park: (n) a large area of land that is protected by the government to preserve its
natural beauty: vn quc gia
2. trash /trAS/ (n): AMERICAN waste material such as paper, plastic bags, used containers,
etc. British rubbish: rác ri, cn bã
3. bear /beC/ (n): a large wild animal with thick fur. There are several different types of bears,
for example the polar bear and the grizzly bear. A young bear is called a bear cub: gu
4. make a reservation: to book in advance: đt trc
5. lock /
lOk/ (v): [transitive] to fasten something such as a door or a container, usually with a
key, so that other people cannot open it: khóa
John went out and locked the door behind him: John đi ra ngòai và khóa ca li.
6. controversy /
/
kOntrCvE:sI
/ (n): a disagreement, especially about a public policy or a
moral issue that a lot of people have strong feelings about: vn đ gây tranh cãi
7. polarize /
/
pCUlCraIz
/ (v): to form two very different groups, opinions, or situations that
are completely opposite to each other, or to cause this to happen: hình thành hai nhóm xung đt
hoàn tòan đi lp nhau, phân cc
8. inhabitant /
In
/
hAbItCnt
/ (n): a person or animal that lives in a particular place: c dân
The city’s first inhabitants arrived in the 16th century: Nhng c dân đu tiên ca thành
ph đã đn đây vào th k th 16.

9. entrance /
/
entrCns
/ (n): [count] the place where you can enter a room, building, or area:
li vào
I’ll meet you at the main entrance at six o’clock: Tôi s gp anh  cng chính lúc 6 gi.
10. spectacular /
spek
/
tAkjClC
/ (a): extremely impressive: hung v, rt n tng
We had a spectacular view of the coastline from the airplane: T trên máy bay chúng tôi
nhìn xung phong cnh b bin rt lng ly.
11. accessible /
Ck
/
sesCbl/ (a): an accessible place is easy to find or get to: có th đi đn đc
accessible by: The city is easily accessible by road, train, or air: Có th đi vào thành ph
d dàng xe, tàu đin hoc máy bay.
12. opposition /
OpC
/
XXXzISn
/ (n):[uncount] strong disagreement with a plan or policy,
especially when this is shown in active attempts to prevent something: s chng đi
opposition to: Public opposition to the military government is growing: S chng đi
ca dân chúng vi chính quyn đang tng lên.
13. mayor /
/
meIC

/ (n): the most important elected official in a town or city: th trng
14. park ranger /
po:k
/
reIndZC
/ (n): someone whose job is to take care of a forest,
national park, or state park: ngi bo v rng
15. shuttle bus: a bus, train, or airplane that makes frequent short trips between two places: xe
búyt, tàu đin, hoc máy bay đi li đu đn gia hai ni.
16. bike /
baIk/ (v): to ride somewhere on a bicycle: đi xe đp hoc xe máy
17. complain /
kCmp
/
leIn
/ (v): to say that you are not satisfied with something: phàn nàn,
than phin
18. pollute /
pC
/
lUt
/ (v): to make air, water, or land too dirty and dangerous for people to use
in a safe way: gây ô nhim
The oil spill has polluted the harbor: Vic tràn du đã làm ô nhim bn cng.
19. electric /
I
/
lektrIk/ (a): working by electricity: s dng nng lng đin,
an electric motor: mt môt đin
20. preserve /

prI
/
zE:v
/ (v): to take care of a place or building in order to prevent it from
being harmed or destroyed: bo qun, bo tn
21. campground /
/
kAmprraUnd
/ (n): a place where people on vacation can stay in tents or
other temporary shelters; campsite: khu cm tri , ni cm tri
22. camper /
/
kAmpC
/ (n): someone who is staying in a tent or temporary shelter, usually for
fun: ngi cm tri
23. environment /
In
/
vaIrCnmCnt
/ (n): [count] the place in which people live and work,
including all the physical conditions that affect them: môi trng
24. minimize /
/
mInImaIz
/ (v): to reduce something harmful or unpleasant to the smallest
amount or degree: gim ti đa,
You can try to minimize the damage to innocent civilians: Các anh có th c gng gim
ti đa thit hi cho ngi dân vô ti.
25. taste /
teIst/ (n): [count or uncount] the flavor that something creates in your mouth when

you eat or drink it. Food can taste sweet like sugar, salty like salt, sour like a lemon, or bitter like
strong black coffee: hng v
I love the taste of chocolate: Tôi yêu thích hng v sôcôla.
26. shoot /Su:t/ (v): to fire a gun: bn, n súng
We were ordered not to shoot until he gave the signal: Chng nào anh y ra hiu chúng
tôi mi đc n súng.


5. LANGUAGE IN ACTION: ADVICE AND WARNINGS
VOCABULARY:
1. canoe /
kC
/
nu:
/ (v): to travel in a canoe: đi bng xung
2. life jackets /
laIf
/
dZAkIt

/ (n): something you wear on a boat to make you float if you
fall into the water by accident: áo cu đm
3. go on a camping trip: đi cm tri
4. plastic /
/
plAstIk
/ (n): [count or uncount] a very common light, strong substance produced
by a chemical process and used for making many different things: nha, cht do
5. sunscreen /
/

sVnskri:n
/ (n): [count or uncount] a cream that you can rub onto your skin to
stop it from being burned by the sun: kem chng nng
6. go down: đi xung
7. watch out for (phrasal verb) to be careful: cn thn
Watch out, those mushrooms could be poisonous! Hãy cn thn, nm này có th có đc
đy!
8. bend /
bend/ (n): a curve in a road, river, etc.: khúc ngoc, khúc cua
As she approached the bend, a dog sprang into the road: Khi chúng tôi đi đn khúc cua,
mt con chó chy bang ra đng.


6. VOCABULARY: NATURAL PHENOMENON
VOCABULARY:
1. phenomenon /
fC
/
nOmInCn
/ (n): an event or situation that can be seen to happen or exist:
hin tng
Violence in society is not a new phenomenon: Nn bo lc trong xã hi không còn là mt
hin tng mi.
2. volcano /
vOl
/
keInCu
/ (n): a mountain that forces hot gas, rocks, ASH, and LAVA
(=melted rock) into the air through a hole at the top. Some volcanoes are not immediately
dangerous because they are not active and have become dormant. Others will never be dangerous

again because they are completely extinct: núi la
3. earthquake /
/
E:TkweIk
/ (n): a sudden shaking movement of the ground: đng đt
4. drought /
draUt/ (n): a long period of time when there is little or no rain and crops die: hn
hán
5. tornado /
tc:
/
neIdCU/ (n): a very strong wind that goes quickly around in a circle or
FUNNEL: lc xóay
6. heat wave /
hi:t weIv/ (n): a continuous period of hot weather: đt nng nóng
7. thunderstorm /
/
TVndC stc:m
/ (n): a heavy storm with THUNDER: bão có sm sét và
thng có ma to