LY THUYET CLAUSES OF PURPOSE AND CONCESSION

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES
A. CLAUSES OF CONCESSION
I. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ thường được giới thiệu bằng: Although, Though,
Even though, Even if.
1. Although, though, eventhough, even if
Although

+

a clause

Though
Even though
Even if
Ex:

- Although/Though it rained heavily, they went out with their family.
- Even if you don’t like me, I will be here with you.
- Even if it takes 10 years, I still wait for her.
- Although / though / Even though / Even if he tried very hard, he couldn’t lift the box up.
Note: Sau mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ chỉ dùng dấu phẩy (,) không dùng “but”
2/- Despite, In spite of:
Despite
Inspite of

noun phrase (cụm danh từ)
+

V_ing
the fact that + S + V

Ex:

- Despite his poverty/ In spite of his poverty, he succeeded in his life.
- Despite the bad weather, they continued climbing the mountains.
- In spite of her sadness, she managed to smiled.
* Khi cả hai mệnh đề cùng mét chđ ng÷ ta cã thĨ chun mƯnh chÝnh vỊ d¹ng V.ing.
* Mệnh đề có There be + noun, khi chuyển sang cụm từ ta bỏ there be
There + be + Noun
 x+ Noun
E.x. - Although there are many people, they….
 Despite many people there, ………………………..
II. Các cấu trúc khác của mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ:
1. No matter + Wh- word+ S + V, S + V .
Ex: - No matter who you are, I still love you.
- No matter what she says, I don’t believe her.
- No matter how you treat me, I still love you.
- No matter what he does, he always tries his best.
- No matter when she comes, I always welcome her.
- No matter where he lives, I always find him.
Chú ý: với No matter how và No matter What
- No matter what jobs he got, he was not satisfied.
- No matter how cold it was, he didn’t wear warm clothes.


- No matter how hard I try, can’t get you off my mind.
Chú ý:
No matter who = Whoever = It doesn’t matter who
No matter what = Whatever = It doesn’t matter what
No matter when = Whenever = It doesn’t matter when
No matter where = Wherever = It doesn’t matter where

No matter how = However.......= It doesn’t matter how
Ex: - Whoever you are, I still love you. = It doesn’t matter who you are, I….
- Whatever others may say, you are certainly right.
- Whenever you return, she waits for you.
- Whoever he may be, I won’t believe what he says.
- Whatever you do, I will favour you.
- However rich he is, he never helps the needed.
- Whatever books he reads, he will never learn anything.
2. Adj / Adv + as/ though + S + (may) + V +.....
E.x. – Although he is patient, he had no intention of waiting for three hours.
 Patient as he was, he had no intention of waiting for three hours.
- Although I had spoken quietly, the medical superrintendent heard.
 Quietly though I had spoken, the medical superrintendent heard.
3. Much as + S + V = MỈc dầu rất (kết hợp nghĩa của although và very much ).
E.x. – Although he tried very hard, he failed in the exam.
 Much as he tried, he failed in the exam.
- Although I love you very much, I can’t forgive you.
 Much as I love you, I can’t forgive you.
B. CLAUSES OF PURPOSE.
- Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ mục đích thường được bắt đầu bằng: so that; in order that (để
mà); lest/in case (phòngkhi); for fear that (e rằng, sợrằng),
Form :
S + V1/s/es + O
So That
S + can/will + V0 + O
In Order
S + V2/ed + O
S + could/would + V0 + O
That
Lưu ý:Thơng thường nếu khơng có NOT thì dùng can /could cịn có NOT thì dùng won't /

wouldn't ,trừ những trường hợp có ý ngăn cấm thì mới dùng can't/couldn't.
ex1: I study hard so that I can pass the exam.
ex2: I study hard so that I won't fail the exam.
ex3: I hide the toy so that my mother can't see it. ( tơi giấu món đồ chơi để mẹ tơi khơng thể thấy
nó -> ngăn khơng cho thấy )
VD:
- He learned hard so that he could pass the exam
- She has learned English in order that she can travel all over the world.
- We left the house early lest we would miss the first train.
- I have to finish my report for fear that I will be punished by my manager.


- Để diễn tả chỉ mục đích chúng ta cịn có thể sử dụng các từ hoặc cụm từ sau:
a) in order for SO/ST to do ST: để cho ai/ cái gì làm gì
VD:
- In order for a film to be interesting, it must have a good plot
- In order for your child to be respectful, you must educate him very early
b) for + N/Ving: để làm gì
VD:
- She went to market for some eggs.
c) to
so as to
+ V (nguyênthể): để làm gì
in order to
VD:
- She is studying hard to/so as to/ in order to be able to pass the next exam.
Hình thức phủ định:
so as not to + V(nguyênthể)
in order not to + V(nguyênthể)
VD:

- We left the house early so as not to miss the first train.
d) with a view to(prep) (not) V-ing : để (đừng) làmgì
VD:
- We left the house early with a view to not missing the first train.
- She is studying hard with a view to being able to pass the next exam.
C. ADVERB CLAUSES OF CAUSE REASON. (Mệnh để trạng từ chỉ nguyên nhân.)
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lý do là mệnh đề phụ thường bắt đầu bằng các liên từ: because, since, as, for,
now that/seeing that (do; vì; bởi vì)
S1 + V (main clause) + because/ since/ as/for/now that + S2 + V (adverb clause of reason)
Ví dụ:
- I turned the heating on because it was cold.
- We watched TV all evening as we had nothing better to do.
- Since he had not paid his bill, his electricity was cut off.
Có thể rút gọn bằng Because of/due to/owing to
Clauses +because of/due to/owing to +Noun/Pronoun/Gerund
Ví dụ:
- We cancelled our flight because of the bad weather.
- Owing to his carelessness, we had an accident.
- She didn't go out due to feeling unwell.
** Lưu ý:
- Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lý do có thể đứng trước hoặc sau mệnh đê chính. Khi mệnh đề trạng ngữ
đứng trước, giữa hai mệnh đề có dấu phẩy (,).
- Mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ nguyên nhân với FOR luôn đứng sau mệnh đề chính


E.g. The old man gets tired for he walks a long way.