Passive voice

<span class='text_page_counter'>(1)</span>PASSIVE VOICE.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(2)</span> Passive forms in different tenses Tense. Active. Passive. Simple Present. S+V+O. S + be + PP.2 + by + O. Present Continuous. S + am/is/are + V-ing + O. S + am/is/are + being + PP.2 + by + O. Present Perfect S + has/have + PP.2 + O. S + has/have + been + PP.2 + by + O. Simple Past. S + was/were + PP.2 + by + O. S + V-ed + O. Past Continuous S + was/were + V-ing + O. S + was/were + being + PP.2 + by + O. Past Perfect. S + had + PP.2 + O. S + had + been + PP.2 + by + O. Simple Future. S + will/shall + V + O. S + will + be + PP.2 + by + O. Future Perfect. S + will/shall + have + PP.2 + O S + will + have + been + PP.2 + by + O. Be + going to. S + am/is/are + going to + V + OS + am/is/are + going to + be + PP.2 + by + O. Model Verbs. S + model verb + V + O S + modal Verb + have +P2. S + model verb + be + PP.2 + by + O S + modal Verb + have been +P2.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(3)</span> 1. to-V Active: S + V + Sb + to-V + O Passive: • A: S + V + to be + PP.2 + (by Sb) • B: S + V + O + to be + PP.2 + (by Sb) • C: Sb + be + PP.2 + to-V + O.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(4)</span> 2. Reporting Verbs = V1 think suppose. consider suspect. know rumor. believe declare. • S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + O + …... say report.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(5)</span> a. Main verb in present tense • Active:. People/they + think/say/suppose…+ that + clause Passive: W1: It's + thought/said/ supposed/….+ that + clause ( Clause= S + V + O) W2: - Verb in clause is in present simple tense or future simple tense S + am/is/are + thought/ said/supposed... + to + Vinf - Verb in clause is in past simple tense or present perfect tense. - S + am/is/are + thought/ said/ supposed... + to + have + P2..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(6)</span> Eg 1: People say that he is a good doctor. >> It's said that he is a good doctor. He is said to be a good doctor. Eg 2: People think he stole my car. >> It's thought he stole my car. He is thought to have stolen my car..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(7)</span> b. Main verb in past tense Active: People/they + thought/said/supposed...+ that + clause. Passive: W1: It was + thought/ said/ supposed...+ that + clause. W2: - Verb in clause is in past simple tense. S + was/were + thought/ said/ supposed... + to + Vinf. - Verb in clause is in past perfect tense. S + was/were + thought/ said/ supposed... + to + have + P2..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(8)</span> • Eg 1: • They thought he was one of famous singers.. >> It was thought he was one of famous singers. He was thought to be one of famous singers. • Eg 2: • They thought he had stolen that car. >> It was thought he had stolen that car. He was thought to have stolen that car..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(9)</span> 3. Passive voice of special verbs • suggest, require, request, order, demand, insist(on),. recommend Active: S + suggest/ recommend/ order/ require... + that + clause. ( clause = S + V + O) Passive: It + was/ will be/ has been/ is... + P2( of 8 verb) + that + st + be + P2. ( “ be” in base form in clause) Eg: He suggested that she buy a new car. >> It was suggested that a new car be bought..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(10)</span> 4. Passive voice with 2 objects • Oi = Indirect Object.. Od = Direct Object. Active: S + V + Oi + Od Passive: 1/ Oi + be + P2( of V) + Od. 2/ Od + be + P2( of V) + to Oi. Eg: My friend gave me a present on my birthday. >> A present was given to me by my friend on my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday by my friend. Note: we use the preposition “ for” for verb “ buy”.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(11)</span> 5. Passive voice with subject “ it” • Active:. It + be + adj + for sb + to do st. Passive : It + be + adj + for st + to be done.. Eg: It is difficult for me to finish this test in one hour >> It is difficult for this test to be finished in one hour..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(12)</span> 6. It + be + my/your/her/his/our/their… + duty + to-V + (O) Passive: I/You/She/He/We/They + be + supposed + to-V + (O) • Ex:. It’s their duty to do this job. • –> They are supposed to do this job..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(13)</span> 7. It's impossible to+Vinf • -->Passive:. S + can't + be + P2. Eg: It's impossible to solve this problem. >> This problem can't be solve..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(14)</span> 8. It's necessary to + Vinf • Passive. S + should/ must + be +P2. Eg: It's necessary for you to type this letter. • >> This letter should/ must be typed by you..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(15)</span> 9. MAKE/ LET Active : S + make/ let + sb+ Vinf. Passive: S +be+ made + to + Vinf let + to + Vinf. Eg: My parent never let me do anything by myself. >> I'm never let to do anything by myself ( by my parent).

<span class='text_page_counter'>(16)</span> 10. Have/ get Active: S + have(get) + sb + (to)Vinf Passive: S + have + st + Vpp. get + st + to be+ Vpp Eg: I have my father repair my bike. >> I have my bike repaired by my father. We get him to look after our house when we are on business. • –> We get our house to be looked after (by him) when we are on business..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(17)</span>