Tài liệu Longman Phrasal verbs Dictionary_ Chương 1 doc

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LONGMAN
DICTIONARY
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LONGMAN
~ >1
DICTIONARY
11
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Pearson Education Limited
Edinburgh Gate
Harlow
Essex CM20 2JE
England
and Associated Companies throughout the World
Visit our website: />© Pearson Education Limited 2000
All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, elec-
tronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the
prior written permission of the Publishers.
First published 2000
06 08 09
07
05
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library
of Congress
cata/oging
in
publication data

Longman phrasal verbs dictionary: over 5000 phrasal verbs.
p.
cm.
I. English language-Verb phrase-Dictionaries. I.Title: Phrasal verbs
dictionary. 11.Longman (Firm: New York, N.Y.)
PE1319 .L66 2000
423'.I-dc21
Words that the editors have reason to believe constitute trademarks have
been described as such. However, neither the presence nor the absence
of such a description should be regarded as affecting the legal status of
any trademark.
ISBN
o
582 291836 (Cased edition)
o
582 291828 (Paperback edition)
Set in 8/8.3 Stempel Schneidler by Peter White & Peter Wray
Printed in China
PPLC/04
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CONTENTS
page
Acknowledgements vii
Guide to using the dictionary viii
Introduction xi
The dictionary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I
Phrasal verb activator
Clothes 275
Computers 276

Continue 277
Drinking 278
Driving 279
Eating 280
Leave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Like/dislike 282
Love
&
friendship 283
On the telephone 284
Problems 285
Sleeping
&
awake 286
Start 287
Stop. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
TV/radio/lights/machines 289
Weather 290
Irregular verbs 605
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vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Director
Della Summers
Production Manager
Clive McKeough
Project Manager
Alan Savill
Project Coordinator

Denise Denney
Editorial Manager
Sheila Dallas
Production Editor
Andrew Taylor
Design
Jenny Fleet
Keyboarder
Pauline Savill
Production Assistant
Susan Braund
Proofreaders
Alison Steadman
Gerard Delaney
Cover
Andrea Hoyle
Editorial Director
Adam Gadsby
Publishers
Laurence Delacroix
Emma Campbell
Managing Editor
Chris Fox
Editors
Sheila Dignen
Ted Jackson
[o Leigh
Evadne Adrian-Vallance
Lexicographers
Elaine Pollard

Korey Egge
Evadne Adrian-Vallance
[o Leigh
Ted Jackson
Martin Stark
We would like to acknowledge the development work done for this
project by Robert Alien.
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viii
GUIDE TO USING THE
DICTIONARY
MAIN VERB
FORMS OF THE VERB
Past tense, past
participle, and present
participle of main verb
PHRASAL VERB
Phrasal verbs are listed
under main verbs in
alphabetical order:
FREQUENCY STAR
Commonly used phrasal
verbs are marked with a star:
GRAMMAR PATTERNS
show whether the
phrasal verb has an object,
and where you put the
object. The object is written
as
'5th'

or
'sb',
FIXED PHRASE
Fixed phrases that contain
a phrasal verb are shown
in bold,
USAGE NOTE
This gives you extra
information about when to
use the ph rasal verb,
GRAMMAR HELP
This tells you if the phrasal
verb is used or not in the
passive or progressive,
LABELS
Labels tell you ifa verb
IS
formal, informal, spoken,
or literary English,
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DEFINITION
Definitions are written using
the 2000-word Longman
defining vocabulary, which
makes them clear and easy
to use.
LABELS
Labels also tell you if a verb
is only used in American
English

(AmE)
or British
English
(8rE).
SIMILARTO
references show verbs and
phrasal verbs with
similar meaning.
OPPOSITE
references show verbs and
phrasal verbs with opposite
meaning.
PREPOSITIONS
Prepositions used with the
phrasal verb are shown in
bold.
RELATED NOUNS
AND ADJECTIVES
These are shown after the
sense of the phrasal verb
they refer to.
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xi
INTRODUCTION
I. What is a phrasal verb?
A phrasal verb is a verb that consists of two or three words. Most phrasal verbs consist
of two words - the first word is a verb, and the second word is a particle. The particle
is either an adverb or a preposition. Examples of common phrasal verbs include
get up,

go off, turn on, make out,
and
deal with.
There are also some three-word phrasal
verbs, for example
catch up with, look forward to.
An important feature of phrasal verbs is that they are typically idiomatic. Therefore the
whole meaning of a phrasal verb cannot be understood by simply putting together the
meanings of its individual parts. For example, the meaning of cany out (=do) in the
sentence
Scientists carriedout an experiment
is not related to the normal meaning of 'carry'
or the meaning of 'out'. Similarly, you could not guess the meaning of
pull up
(=stop)
in the sentence
A carpulled up outside the house
from the separate meanings of 'pull' and
'up'. A phrasal verb such as
answer back
(=answer rudely) is related to the meaning
of the verb 'answer', but this would not help you to guess the meaning of
answer
back.
Where a verb freely combines with an adverb or preposition to produce an ordinary
meaning, this is NOT a phrasal verb. In sentences such as
The boy fell off his bike
and
We
carried some chairs out into the garden,

'fall off' and 'carry out' are not phrasal verbs.
2. Types of phrasal verb included in this dictionary
• idiomatic combinations of VERB + ADVERBIPREPOSmON of the type described
above
• verbs that only exist in combination with a particular preposition or adverb, such
as
rely on, amount to, gee up;
and also verbs that only produce a particular
meaning when combined with a particular prepositon or adverb, such as
deal with,
abide by, relate to
• VERB + ADVERB combinations that mean almost the same as the verb itself: eg
eat
up, hurry up, toil away,
where the adverb adds emphasis or an idea of
completeness or continuity to the action of the verb
• phrasal verbs that always have 'it' as their object: eg
hit it off, jump to it, slug it
out
• reflexive phrasal verbs, where the object is always 'myself', 'yourself', 'itself' ete: eg
pride yourself on, avail yourself of, lend itself to
NB Do not expect to find fixed idiomatic phrases such as 'step out of line' and 'eat your
heart out' in this book. You can find them in the
Longman Idioms Dictionary.
3. How do I find the phrasal verb I want in this dictionary?
First look for the main verb. Phrasal verbs are listed alphabetically according to their
particles after each main verb. When you get to the phrasal verb you want, you will
find that the senses of each phrasal verb are listed in order of frequency. This means
that the commonest meanings are listed first. The commonest and most useful phrasal
verb meanings have a

i~
next to them, so that you can see which are the most
important ones to know, •
For example, suppose you are looking for
get up,
meaning to 'get out of bed'. First look
for the main verb GET. Get up is near the end of the phrasal verbs in GET, after phrasal
verbs such as get about, get ahead, and get together.
You then need to look for which sense of
get up
you want. The sense of
get up
meaning to 'get out of bed' is the first sense given. This means that it is the most
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xii
frequently used sense - in this dictionary the senses of the phrasal verbs are listed in
order of frequency, so the most frequent sense comes first.
4. Grammar information
The new
Longman Phrasal Verbs Dictionary
demonstrates clearly how phrasal verbs are
used, with grammar patterns shown at each sense. These show whether a phrasal verb
takes an object, where the object goes, and whether the object is human or non-
human. Grammar patterns are also placed in order of frequency.
For example, at tum on (=make something start working), there are two grammar
patterns:
Iturn on
Isthl
Iturn I~
These patterns show that the object can come either after the phrasal verb or between

the verb and the particle.
NB The examples also show how this phrasal verb is used, and how the position of
the object can vary -
I turned on the radio and listened to the
6
o'clock news.
I
Could you turn
the oven on if you're going into the kitchen?
I
Marion walked over to the overhead projector and
turned it on.
At nod off (=start to go to sleep), there is only one grammar pattern:
I
nod off
I
This grammar pattern shows that the verb does not take an object. The examples also
show this:
Old Tom had nodded off in front of the television.
I
I missed the end of her lecture - I think I must
have nodded off.
At join in (=take part in an activity with other people) the grammar patterns are:
Ijoin inl Ijoin in ~
These grammar patterns show that join in can be used without an object, or with an
object immediately after the phrasal verb. The examples also show this:
When we come to the chorus, I want everyone tojoin in.
I
Politely, he joined in the laughter.
At talk into (=persuade someone to do something, especially something they are

unwilling to do), the following grammatical pattern is shown:
I
talk
[Sb]
into
I~
This shows that talk into must have two objects, the first is a person
(sb),
and the
second is a thing
(5th).
The examples also show this:
I should never have let you talk me into this crazy scheme.
I
"Why did you go with him?" "Wen
he sort of talked me into it!"
Separable phrasal verbs
Phrasal verbs such as turn on, put off, and rip off, all of which can take an object in
the middle of the phrasal verb or after the phrasal verb, are usually called 'separable'
phrasal verbs. With separable phrasal verbs, the following rules apply:
If the object is a pronoun, such as 'it', 'her', 'them', 'me', 'you' etc, it must come
between the verb and the adverb: eg tum off
If you're not listening to the radio, I'll turn it
off.
(NOT
I'll turn off it.)
If the object is a long phrase, it should come at the end, after the phrasal verb:
eg carry out
The French carried out a series of six nuclear tests.
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xiii
5. Other useful information in this dictionary
Synonyms and opposites
A synonym is a word or phrase that has the same meaning as another word. If a
phrasal verb has a synonym or a word that has almost the same meaning, this is shown
at the end of that sense of the phrasal verb. The synonym can be a verb, a phrasal verb,
or a verb phrase. The synonym(s) are introduced by the words
'SIMILAR TO'.
Here are
some examples:
At put off (=delay doing something until later, or arrange for something to happen at
a later time)
SIMILARTO,
postpone
At head for (=go towards a place)
SIMILARTO,
make for
At put on (=make a light or machine start working)
SIMILARTO,
switch on, turn on
Opposites are shown as follows:
turn up (=increase the amount of sound, heat etc)
OPPOSITE,
turn down
Information about whether or not a phrasal verb is passive
Phrasal verbs that are usually passive are marked
'USUALLY PASSNE'.
Phrasal verbs that
are never used in the passive are marked
'NOT PASSNE'.

If a phrasal verb is only normally
used in the passive, it is shown in its passive form in bold at the head of the entry. For
example, at be booked up (=there are no more seats, rooms, places etc available -
used in British English), only the form be booked up is shown.
Related nouns or adjectives
Nouns and adjectives which are related to a phrasal verb are shown after the meaning
of the phrasal verb that they are derived from. For example, blackout (noun) appears
after the phrasal verb black out (=suddenly become unconscious), and made-up
(adjective) appears after the phrasal verb make up (=invent a story, name etc)
Labels
The following labels are used in this dictionary:
ErE
used in British English
AmE
used in American English
spoken
used mainly in spoken English
informal
used when speaking or writing to people that you know well
formal
used in speeches, in serious or official writing, but not in ordinary
conversation
old-fashioned
used by people in the past, although you may sometimes hear it
being used now
used in literature but not in ordinary conversation
used when talking or writing about specific technical subjects which
are not familiar to most ordinary people
this expression is extremely rude and offensive and you should not
use it

literary
technical
taboo
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