Tài liệu Industry’s First QoSEnhanced MPLS TE Solution Azhar Sayeed ppt

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© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Industry’s First QoS
Industry’s First QoS
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Enhanced MPLS TE
Enhanced MPLS TE
Solution
Solution
Azhar Sayeed
Azhar Sayeed
Manager, IOS Product Management,
Manager, IOS Product Management,
Contact Info: Kim Gibbons,
Contact Info: Kim Gibbons,
, 408
, 408
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525
525
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4909
4909
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© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Agenda
Agenda
• MPLS Traffic Engineering (TE)

Technology and Applications
• Why Extend QoS into MPLS TE
• Guaranteed Bandwidth Services
QoS-enhanced MPLS Traffic Engineering
• The Cisco IOS Advantage
• Summary, Comments & Questions
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© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
MPLS Is The Key Technology for
MPLS Is The Key Technology for
IP Service Delivery
IP Service Delivery
IP+ATM Switch
IP+ATM Switch
PNNI
PNNI
MPLS
MPLS
IP
IP
IP+ATM—MPLS Brings IP and ATM Together
IP+ATM—MPLS Brings IP and ATM Together
Network-Based VPNs with MPLS—A Foundation
for Value Added Service Delivery
Network-Based VPNs with MPLS—A Foundation
for Value Added Service Delivery
• Flexible user and service grouping (biz-to-biz)
• Flexibility of IP and the QoS of ATM
• Enables application and content hosting inside each VPN
• Transport independent

• Low provisioning costs enable affordable managed services
• Flexible user and service grouping (biz-to-biz)
• Flexibility of IP and the QoS of ATM
• Enables application and content hosting inside each VPN
• Transport independent
• Low provisioning costs enable affordable managed services
• Eliminates IP “over” ATM overhead and complexity
• One network for Internet, business IP VPNs, and transport
• Eliminates IP “over” ATM overhead and complexity
• One network for Internet, business IP VPNs, and transport
ATM
Services
ATM
Services
IP
Services
IP
Services
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© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Key Messages
Key Messages
• DiffServ-aware MPLS TE: A powerful
solution for improving network resource
management
• Guaranteed Bandwidth Services:
Assuring value-added services
Better availability with TE, scalable
VPN solution
• Cisco: Leading the industry and market

with advanced, integrated MPLS and QoS
solutions
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© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
What is MPLS Traffic Engineering?
What is MPLS Traffic Engineering?
• Process of routing data traffic in
order to balance the traffic load on
the various links, routers, and
switches in the network
• Key in most networks where multiple
parallel or alternate paths are
available
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© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Why Traffic Engineering?
Why Traffic Engineering?
• Congestion in the network due to changing traffic patterns
Election news, online trading, major sports events
• Better utilization of available bandwidth
Route on the non-shortest path
• Route around failed links/nodes
Fast rerouting around failures, transparently to users
Like SONET APS (Automatic Protection Switching)
• Virtual IP leased line services
VoIP Toll-Bypass applications, point-to-point bandwidth guarantees
• Capacity planning
TE improves aggregate availability of the network
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© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

R8
R2
R6
R3
R4
R7
R5
R1
IP (Mostly) Uses Destination-Based Least-Cost Routing
Flows from R8 and R1 Merge at R2 and Become Indistinguishable
From R2, Traffic to R3, R4, R5 Use Upper Route
IP (Mostly) Uses Destination-Based Least-Cost Routing
Flows from R8 and R1 Merge at R2 and Become Indistinguishable
From R2, Traffic to R3, R4, R5 Use Upper Route
Alternate Path Under-Utilized
Alternate Path Under-Utilized
IP Routing and The Fish
IP Routing and The Fish
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© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
MPLS TE Application
MPLS TE Application
• Protection solution
Similar to SONET’s automatic protection switching
• Fast re-route
Goal is to match SONET restoral times—50 ms
Locally patch around lost facilities
Locally re-route around failed links/nodes
Strategies
Alternate tunnel (1->1 mapping) or

tunnel within tunnel (n->1 mapping)
How is this done?
Locally re-route traffic onto backup paths when informed
by lower layers (SONET etc.)
The backup paths are pre-established—however,
bandwidth needn’t be double counted
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© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Node and Link Protection
Node and Link Protection
R8
R2
R6
R3
R4
R7
R1 R5
R9
• Multiple hops can be by-passed. R2 swaps the label which R4
expects before pushing the label for R6
• R2 locally patches traffic onto the link with R6
• Multiple hops can be by-passed. R2 swaps the label which R4
expects before pushing the label for R6
• R2 locally patches traffic onto the link with R6
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© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Cisco MPLS AutoBandwidth
Cisco MPLS AutoBandwidth
• Automatically increases or decreases bandwidth reserved for an
MPLS TE tunnel based on measured traffic load

Tunnels are resized within a specified range based on actual traffic rates
over time. Both time interval and bandwidth range are configurable.
• Makes it easy to configure and monitor bandwidth for MPLS TE
tunnels
• Automatically increases or decreases bandwidth reserved for an
MPLS TE tunnel based on measured traffic load
Tunnels are resized within a specified range based on actual traffic rates
over time. Both time interval and bandwidth range are configurable.
• Makes it easy to configure and monitor bandwidth for MPLS TE
tunnels
Cisco
Cisco
-
-
unique feature!
unique feature!
Minimum
Maximum
Total
bandwidth
for all TE
tunnels
on a path
Bandwidth reserved for
a TE tunnel using Cisco
AutoBandwidth allocator
Bandwidth
available to
other tunnels
Tunnel

resized to
traffic rate
Time
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© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
End
End
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-
to
to
-
-
End Solution
End Solution
via Cisco IOS
via Cisco IOS
®
®
Software
Software
5 Mbps
5 Mbps
1 Mbps
1 Mbps
HQ1
VPN HQ
Back-up
VPN and Traffic Engineering Combined
to Provide End-to-End Services

VPN and Traffic Engineering Combined
to Provide End-to-End Services
MPLS VPN
MPLS TE
MPLS TE
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© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
DiffServ
DiffServ
Industry Standard
Industry Standard
Differentiated Services
Differentiated Services
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© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
No state
Best Effort
Per-flow state
IntServ / RSVP
Aggregated
state
DiffServ
1. The original IP service
2. First efforts at IP QoS
3. Seeking simplicity and scale
Time
4. Bandwidth Optimization & End-to-
End SLAs
(IntServ+DiffServ+ Traffic Engineering)
The IP QoS Pendulum

The IP QoS Pendulum
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© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
PROVISIONING & MONITORING
PROVISIONING & MONITORING
VPNs
VPNs
Multimedia
Video Conferencing
Collaboration
Multimedia
Video Conferencing
Collaboration
Mission
Critical
Mission
Critical
VoIP
VoIP
Hybrid
Hybrid
MPLS
MPLS
DiffServ
DiffServ
IntServ
IntServ
Signaling Techniques (RSVP, DSCP, ATM (UNI/NNI))
Signaling Techniques (RSVP, DSCP, ATM (UNI/NNI))
Link Efficiency Mechanisms (Compression, Fragmentation)

Link Efficiency Mechanisms (Compression, Fragmentation)
Congestion Avoidance Techniques (WRED)
Congestion Avoidance Techniques (WRED)
Congestion Management Techniques (PQ, WFQ, LLQ)
Congestion Management Techniques (PQ, WFQ, LLQ)
Classification & Marking Techniques (DSCP, IP Precedence, NBAR, etc.)
Classification & Marking Techniques (DSCP, IP Precedence, NBAR, etc.)
Frame
Relay
Frame
Relay
PPP
HDLC
PPP
HDLC SDLC
SDLC
ATM, POS
ATM, POS FE,Gig.E
10GE
FE,Gig.E
10GE
Wireless
Fixed,Mobile
Wireless
Fixed,Mobile
BroadBand
Cable,xDSL
BroadBand
Cable,xDSL
POLICY-BASED NETWORKING

POLICY-BASED NETWORKING
Traffic Conditioners (Policing, Shaping)
Traffic Conditioners (Policing, Shaping)
The Cisco QoS Framework
The Cisco QoS Framework
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© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Differentiated Services
Differentiated Services
The IETF DiffServ Model
The IETF DiffServ Model
• Use 6 bits in IP header to sort traffic into
“Behavior Aggregates”… a.k.a. Classes!
RFCs: 2474, 2475, 2597, 2598
• Defines a number of “Per Hop Behaviors
- PHBs”
• Two-Ingredient Recipe:
Condition the Traffic at the Edges
Invoke the PHBs in the Core
• Use PHBs to Construct Services such as
Virtual Leased Line!
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© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
• Cisco IOS 12.2 are fully compliant
with all the Core DiffServ RFCs
• Platforms:
• C36xx, C72xx, C75xx Now
• More Platforms in the Near Future
Cisco IOS DiffServ
Cisco IOS DiffServ

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© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
DiffServ
DiffServ
-
-
Aware TE
Aware TE
MPLS Guaranteed Bandwidth
MPLS Guaranteed Bandwidth
Services
Services
Integrating QoS and TE
Integrating QoS and TE
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© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
MPLS Guaranteed
MPLS Guaranteed
Bandwidth Services
Bandwidth Services
• MPLS guaranteed bandwidth services are built by:
– Extending MPLS traffic engineering
• Advertise available bandwidth for best-effort traffic
• Also advertise available bandwidth for high-
priority traffic – DiffServ-aware TE
–Using QoS features to guarantee delivery of the high-
priority traffic
• Classification
• Policing
5 Mbps

5 Mbps
C1
C2
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© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Guaranteed Bandwidth Services
Guaranteed Bandwidth Services
Target Market Segments
Target Market Segments
• For service providers for who lease
bandwidth
Benefit: Greater utilization of relatively
costly/valuable bandwidth
ISPs – Internet Service Providers
ICPs – Integrated Communications Providers
Other carriers with costly bandwidth
• For service providers who offer
bandwidth services
Benefits:
Premium classes of service revenue
Resiliency against failures fast rerouting
IXEs – Interexchange Carriers – offering MPLS VPNs
$
$
$
$
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© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Virtual Leased Line (VLL)
Virtual Leased Line (VLL)

• VLL is one example of MPLS guaranteed
bandwidth services built using:
Core: GB-TE
Edge:
Existing MPLS TE classification at the edge
Policing at the edge to ensure there is no theft of service
5 Mbps C1—>C3
5 Mbps C1—>C3
C3
C1
C2
A B
10 Mbps C2—>C3
10 Mbps C2—>C3
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© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Toll Bypass Trunking
Toll Bypass Trunking
V
V
PSTN Network
Toll
Trunk
MPLS Network
VoIP Gateway
VoIP Gateway
GB Tunnel
Class 5
legacy switches
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© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Trunking Frame Relay
Trunking Frame Relay
Across an MPLS Cloud
Across an MPLS Cloud
• With CIR guarantees
• Adding full CIR support to FRoMPLS:
Admission control over CIR via creation
of a GB-TE tunnel for sum of all CIRs
MPLS
DLCI=177
High Priority
DLCI=215
DLCI=251
DLCI=310
Low Priority
Frame Relay
Interface
Frame Relay
Interface
Frame Relay
Interface
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© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
MPLS Guaranteed Bandwidth
MPLS Guaranteed Bandwidth
Conclusions
Conclusions
• Adds strict Point-to-Point QoS commitment over MPLS
infrastructure

• Further step towards enabling MPLS as the multiservice
infrastructure
Other parallel steps include Fast Reroute, Admission Control of Voice,
• Enabler for a whole range of MPLS applications
• DiffServ-aware TE is a key Core tool for “MPLS Guaranteed
Bandwidth Services”
• DiffServ-aware TE allows some GB applications
(Virtual Leased Line, FRoMPLS CIR, Static Voice Trunks)
• Follow-on developments for flexible Edge Behaviors and
advanced GB-TE capabilities will allow additional GB apps
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© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Cisco Differentiation
Cisco Differentiation
• Extending MPLS traffic engineering
with Guaranteed Bandwidth Services
Leverage the rich feature set
Cisco IOS QoS
Cisco-unique AutoBandwidth feature
Build point-to-point bandwidth
guaranteed services such as
Virtual IP leased lines
Toll bypass trunks for Voice over IP
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© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Cisco’s MPLS Contribution to IETF
Cisco’s MPLS Contribution to IETF
• IETF contributions over 50
• Cisco is either the author or the co-author
in key IETF MPLS drafts

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
2001
Time
Time
Cisco Calls a
BOF at IETF to
Standardize
Tag Switching
Cisco Calls a
BOF at IETF to
Standardize
Tag Switching
Traffic Engineering
Deployed
Traffic Engineering
Deployed
MPLS VPN
Deployed
MPLS VPN
Deployed
Over 30 Customers
in Production
Over 30 Customers
in Production
Cisco Ships
MPLS (Tag
Switching)
Cisco Ships
MPLS (Tag
Switching)

Cisco Ships
MPLS TE
Cisco Ships
MPLS TE
MPLS Croup
Formally Chartered
by IETF
MPLS Croup
Formally Chartered
by IETF