Tài liệu Tư liệu tham khảo thêm về vật liệu pptx

Tư liệu tham khảo 1:
I. Vật liệu.
Thép là loại vật liệu với những ưu điểm nổi bật so với các loại vật liệu khác nên nó là loại vật liệu phổ
biến dùng trong kết cấu khung dầm máy trục.
Có nhiều loại thép được sử dụng trong công nghiệp. Trong kết cấu thép máy trục sử dụng chủ yếu là
thép kết cấu ( Structural steel ).
Trên thị trường VN có nhiều nguồn thép từ các nước khác nhau, do đó cần phải hiểu biết rộng hơn chứ
không chỉ riêng thép VN hay thép Nga.
Structural steel is steel construction material, a profile, formed with a specific shape or cross section
and certain standards of chemical composition and strength. Structural steel shape, size, composition,
strength, storage, etc, is regulated in most industrialized countries.
Trong đó có các loại chính yếu sau :
 High quality structural carbon steel
 Normal quality structural carbon steel
 Alloy structurall steel
 Low alloy structural steel for welding construct
Steel for special use
 Rails steel
 Steel for structural constructions (17)
Để hiểu rõ từng loại cần tra cứu các tài liệu hoặc sổ tay kỹ thuật liên quan.
Sau đây là một đoạn tư liệu :
Common structural shapes
In most developed countries, the shapes available are set out in published standards, although a
number of specialist and proprietary cross sections are also available.
• I-beam (I-shaped cross-section - in Britain these include Universal Beams (UB) and Universal
Columns (UC); in Europe it includes the IPE, HE, HL, HD and other sections; in the US it includes
Wide Flange (WF) and H sections)
• Z-Shape (half a flange in opposite directions)
• HSS-Shape (Hollow structural section also known as SHS (structural hollow section) and
including square, rectangular, circular (pipe) and elliptical cross sections)
• Angle (L-shaped cross-section)

• Channel (C-shaped cross-section)
• Tee (T-shaped cross-section)
• Rail profile (asymmetrical I-beam)
o Railway rail
o Vignoles rail
o Flanged T rail
o Grooved rail
• Bar, a piece of metal, rectangular cross sectioned (flat) and long, but not so wide so as to be
called a sheet.
• Rod, a round or square and long piece of metal or wood, see also rebar and dowel.
• Plate, sheet metal thicker than 6 mm or 1/4 in.
• Open web steel joist
While many sections are made by hot or cold rolling, others are made by welding together flat or
bent plates (for example, the largest circular hollow sections are made from flat plate bent into a
circle and seam-welded.
Trên đây là qui cách một số thép cán điển hình; cần hiểu thêm cách ghi ký hiệu qui cách.
Ký hiệu thép thường Nga viết theo mẫu tự Latin
Ordinary Quality Carbon Steel GOST 380-94

Fracti
on of
total
mass
of the
elem
ents,
%
Mech
anica
l

prope
rties
Steel
C Mn Si S P Cr Ni Cu N As
Gt,
MPa
Gv,
MPa
d5, %
KCU J/cm2 (+20/-20)
grade not
more
than
< 20
mm
20-40
mm
> 40
mm
< 20
mm
20-40
mm
> 40
mm
5-9
mm
10-25
mm
26-40 mm

St 0
0.23
max - - 0.060 0.070 0.01 0.08 - - -
300
min 23 22 20 - - -
St 1
kp
0.06-
0.12
0.25-
0.50
0.05
max 0.050 0.040 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.01 0.08 - - - -
-
- - - - -
St 1
ps
0.06-
0.12
0.25-
0.50
0.05-
0.15 0.050 0.040 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.01 0.08 - - - - - - - - - -
St 1
sp
0.06-
0.12
0.25-
0.50
0.15-

0.30 0.050 0.040 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.01 0.08 - - - - - - - - - -
St 2
kp
0.09-
0.15
0.25-
0.50
0.05
max 0.050 0.040 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.01 0.08 215 205 195
320-
410 33 32 30 - - -
St 2
ps
0.09-
0.15
0.25-
0.50
0.05-
0.15 0.050 0.040 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.01 0.08 225 215 205
330-
430 32 31 29 - - -
St 2
sp
0.09-
0.15
0.25-
0.50
0.15-
0.30 0.050 0.040 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.01 0.08 225 215 205
330-

430 32 31 29 - - -
St 3
kp
0.14-
0.22
0.30-
0.60
0.05
max 0.050 0.040 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.01 0.08 235 225 215
360-
460 27 26 24 - - -
St 3
ps
0.15-
0.22
0.40-
0.65
0.06-
0.15 0.050 0.040 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.01 0.08 245 235 225
370-
480 26 25 23 78/39 69/29 49/-
St 3
sp
0.15-
0.22
0.40-
0.65
0.15-
0.30 0.050 0.040 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.01 0.08 245 235 225
370-

480 26 25 23 78/39 69/29 49/-
St 3
Gps
0.14-
0.22
0.80-
1.10
0.15
max 0.050 0.040 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.01 0.08 245 235 225
370-
490 26 25 23 78/39 69/29 49/-
St 3
Gsp
0.14-
0.20
0.80-
1.10
0.15-
0.30 0.050 0.040 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.01 0.08 255 245 -
390-
570 23 24 - 78/39 69/29 49/29
St 4
kp
0.18-
0.27
0.40-
0.70
0.05
max 0.050 0.040 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.01 0.08 - - - - - - - - - -
St 4

ps
0.18-
0.27
0.40-
0.70
0.05-
0.15 0.050 0.040 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.01 0.08 265 255 245
410-
530 24 23 21 78/- 59/- 39/-
St 4
sp
0.18-
0.27
0.40-
0.70
0.15-
0.30 0.050 0.040 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.01 0.08 265 255 245
410-
530 24 23 21 78/- 59/- 39/-
St 5
ps
0.29-
0.37
0.50-
0.80
0.06-
0.15 0.050 0.040 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.01 0.08 285 275 265
490-
630 20 19 17 - - -
St 5

sp
0.28-
0.37
0.50-
0.80
0.15-
0.30 0.050 0.040 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.01 0.08 285 275 265
490-
630 20 19 17 - - -
St 5
Gps
0.22-
0.30
0.80-
1.20
0.15
max 0.050 0.040 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.01 0.08 285 275 265
450-
590 20 19 17 - - -
St 6
ps*
0.39-
0.49
0.50-
0.80
0.05-
0.15 0.050 0.040 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.01 0.08 315 305 295
590mi
n 15 14 12 - - -
St 6

sp*
0.38-
0.49
0.50-
0.80
0.15-
0.30 0.050 0.040 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.01 0.08 - - - - - - - - - -
*as
per
GOS
T
535-
88
Limitin
g
deviati
ons for
steel
rolled
produc
ts
Steel
Eleme
nts

C Mn Si S P N
Rimmi
ng
+/-
0.03

+0.05/-
0.04 - +0.006 +0.006 +0.002
killed
and s
+0.03/-
0.02
+0.05/-
0.03
+0.03/-
0.02 +0.005 +0.005 +0.002
1. For
rolled
produc
ts of
steel
grades
St3kp,
St3ps,
St3sp,
St3Gp
s,
St3Gp
s for
welded
constr
uctions
the
positiv
e
deviati

ons in
the
fractio
n of
total
mass
of
carbon
are not
permit
able.
2.
During
deoxid
ation
of
semi
killed
steel
with Al,
Ti or
anothe
r free
of Si
deoxidi
zersan
d with
severa
l
deoxidi

zes
and
with
severa
l
deoxidi
zes as
well
(FeSi
& Al,
FeSi &
Ti) the
fractio
n of
total
mass
of Si in
steel is
permitt
ed less
than
0.05%.
Deoxid
itation
with Ti,
Al and
other
free of
Si
deoxidi

zers
is
specifi
ed in
the
quality
certific
ate.
3. For
steel
grades
St3Gs
p and
St3Gp
s
impact
ductilit
y
norms
are
specifi
ed for
thickne
sses
5-
9mm,
10-
30mm
and
31-

40mm
accord
ingly.
Ký
( Nor
ВСт3Гпс
ВСт4кп
ВСт6пс
Ст1кп
Ст2пс
Ст3кп
Ст4пс
Ст5сп

I. Hiểu rõ khái niệm về kết cấu thép