Chuyen de cau bi dong

<span class='text_page_counter'>(1)</span>CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG (Passive Voice) 1. Use of Passive (Cách sử dụng của câu bị động) : Câu bị động được dùng khi ta muốn nhấn mạnh vào hành động trong câu, tác nhân gây ra hành động dù là người hay vật gì cũng không quá quan trọng. Ex: My bike was stolen. A mistake was made. 2. Form (Cấu trúc):. S +(V) + O  SO + (BE) + P2 + BY + OS.  Tân ngữ câu chủ động thành chủ ngữ câu chủ động.  Câu chủ động ở thì nào thì “be” ở câu bị động chia ở thì đó.  By + O đứng trước trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian, đứng sau trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn. Nếu sau “by” là đại từ vô nhân xưng mang nghĩa người ta như by people, by somebody,… thì ta bỏ “by o” đi.  Nếu là người hoặc vật trực tiếp gây ra hành động thì dùng “by” nếu là vật gián tiếp gây ra hành động thì dùng “with”. Ex: The bird was shot with the gun. The bird was shot by the hunter.  Trong một số trường hợp “be/ get +P2” hoàn toàn không mang nghĩa bị động mà mang 2 nghĩa:  Chỉ trạng thái, tình huống mà chủ ngữ đang gặp phải: Ex: Could you please check my mailbox while I am gone ? He got lost in the maze (mê cung) of the town yesterday.  Chỉ việc chủ ngữ tự làm lấy: Ex: The little boy gets dressed very quickly. I will be done when I finish tightening these bolts (những con ốc).  Với động từ khuyết thiếu (MV) : Can, may, must, should, have to, ought to, used to S+ (MV) + V + O  So + (MV)+ be + P2 +by +O.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(2)</span> Các thì. Chủ động. 1. Hiện tại đơn. 2. Hiện tại tiếp diễn. S + V(s/es) + O. 5. Hiện tại hoàn thành. 6. Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn. Ví dụ:. - Mary studies English every day.. - English is studied by Mary everyday.. S + is/am/are + V-ing + O. S + is/am/are + being + P2 + (by + O). Ví dụ:. Ví dụ:. - He is planting some trees now.. - Some trees are being planted (by him) now.. S + V-ed + O. S + was/were + P2 + (by + O). Ví dụ:. Ví dụ:. - She wrote a letter yesterday.. - A letter was written (by her) yesterday.. S + was/were + V-ing + O. S + was/were +being + P2 + (by + O). Ví dụ:. Ví dụ:. - They were buying a car at 9 am yesterday.. - A car was being bought at 9 am yesterday.. S + have/ has + P2 + O. S + have/ has + been + P2 + (by + O). Ví dụ:. Ví dụ:. - My parents have given me a new bike on my birthday.. - A new bike has been given to me by my parents on my birthday.. S + have/ has + been + V-ing + O S + have/ has + been + being + P2 +(by + O) Ví dụ:. Ví dụ: - John has been repairing this car for 2 hours. 7. Quá khứ hoàn thành. S+ is/am/are + P2 + (by + O). Ví dụ:. 3. Quá khứ đơn. 4. Quá khứ tiếp diễn. Bị động. S + had + P2 + O. - This car has been being repaired by John for 2 hours. S + had + been + P2 + (by O).

<span class='text_page_counter'>(3)</span> 8. Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn. Ví dụ:. Ví dụ:. - He had finished his report before 10 p.m yesterday.. - His report had been finished before 10 p.m yesterday.. S + had + been + V-ing + O. Ví dụ: Ví dụ: - I had been typing the essay for 3 hours before you came yesterday.. 9. Tương lai đơn. 10. Tương lai tiếp diễn. 11. Tương lai hoàn thành. 12. Tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn. S + had + been + being + P2 + (by+ O) - The essay had been being typed for 3 hours before you came yesterday.. S + will + V(nguyên thể) + O. S + will + be + P2 + (by O). Ví dụ:. Ví dụ:. - She will do a lot of things tomorrow.. - A lot of things will be done tomorrow.. S + will + be +V-ing + O. S + will + be + being + P2 + (by O). Ví dụ:. Ví dụ:. - She will be taking care of her children at this time tomorrow. - Her children will be being taken care of at this time tomorrow.. S + will + have + P2 + O. S + will + have + been + P2 + (by O). Ví dụ:. Ví dụ:. - She will have finished her studying by the end of this year.. - Her studying will have been finished by the end of this year.. S + will + have + been + V-ing + O. S + will + have +been + being + P2 + (by O). Ví dụ:. Ví dụ:. - I will have been teaching English for 5 years by next week.. - English will have been being taught by me for 5 years by next week..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(4)</span> 3. Một số câu bị động đặc biệt:  Cấu trúc câu bị động nhờ ai làm gì đó làm gì:. S + (have) + Ochỉ người + V + Ochỉ vật / S + (get) + Ochỉ người + to V + Ochỉ vật  S + (have) / (get) + Ochỉ vật + P2 + (by +Ochỉ người ) Ex: I have Tom cut my hair.  I have my hair cut (by Tom). My mother gets me to bring the chair into the room.  My mother gets the chair brought into the room.  Với “Make” (bắt buộc ai làm gì):. S + (make) + O + V + …  So + (be) + made + to V … Ex: He makes me work harder.  I am made to work harder.  Với “ let” (để ai làm gì/ cho phép ai làm gì):. S + (let) + O + V  So + (be) + allowed + to V Ex: He lets me drive his car.  I am allowed to drive his car.  Bị động đối với động từ chỉ ý kiến, thông báo: Các động từ : Say, think, believe, suppose (giả sử), report (thông báo), suspect(nghi ngờ), rumor (đồn), consider (băn khoăn, cho rằng) … (V1) S1 + (V1) + that + S2 + (V2) + ….

<span class='text_page_counter'>(5)</span>  Cách 1: It + (be) + P2 (V1) + that + S2 + (V2)  Cách 2: S2 + (be) + P2 (V2) +. to V ( nếu V1, V2 cùng thì, hoặc V2 xảy ra sau V1 ) to have P2 (nếu V2 chia ở các thì hoàn thành, hoặc V2 xảy ra trước V1). Ex: People said that she was very kind. -> It was said that she was very kind. -> She was said to be very kind.  Bị động với nhóm V chỉ giác quan. S + V1 (see / hear/ feel/ watch/ observe/ catch …) + O + V2/ V2-ing (nếu V2 đang xảy ra) → So +( be) + P2 (V2) + to V / Ving Ex: I saw him climbing over the wall. → He was seen climbing over the wall. I heard her sing a very beautiful song. → She was heard to sing a very beautiful song..  Bị động với động từ 2 tân ngữ (riêng “buy” thì dùng “to”): buy, give, show, tell, ask, teach, send ,bring…. S + (V) + Ongười + Ovật. S(Ongười) + (be) + P2 + Ovật (by + Os) S(Ovật) + (be) + P2 + to Ongười (by Os). Thông thường chủ ngữ hợp lý cho câu bị động là Ovật.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(6)</span> Ex: My friend gave me a present on my birthday.  A present was given to me by my friend on my birthday/ I was given a present on my birthday by my friend.  Bị động với cấu trúc chủ ngữ giả :. It + (be) + adj + to V + O → It + (be) + adj + for O + to be + P Ex: It's necessary to learn English. → It's necessary for English to be learnt. It's important to prepare the lessons before school. → It's important for the lessons to be prepared before school. Note: Khi trong câu dùng: "possible" hoặc "impossible" → can be done/ can't be done Ex: It's impossible to learn a foreign language in a week. → A foreign language can't be learnt in a week. It's impossible to do this. → This can't be done.  Bị động đối với câu mệnh lệnh: V + O Cách 1: S + should/must + be +P2. Cách 2: Let O be P2 Ex: Turn on the lights!  The lights should be turned on. Write your name here. Let your name be written here.. Bài tập: I. Put these sentences into the passive voice. 1.My father waters this flower every morning..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(7)</span> 2.John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night.. 3.Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen.. 4.We should clean our teeth twice a day.. 5.Our teachers have explained the English grammar.. 6.Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city.. 7.Tom will visit his parents next month.. 8.The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning.. 9.Did Mary this beautiful dress?. 10.I won’t hang these old pictures in the living room.. 11.The German didn’t build this factory during the Second World War.. 12.The Greens are going to paint this house and these cars for Christmas Day.. 13. Ann had fed the cats before she went to the cinema.. 14.The students have discussed the pollution problems since last week..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(8)</span> 15.Have the thieves stolen the most valuable painting in the national museum?. 16. The waiter brings me this dish.. 17. Our friends send these postcards to us.. 18.Their grandmother told them this story when they visited her last week.. 19.Tim ordered this train ticket for his mother.. 20.You didn’t show me the special cameras.. 21.She showed her ticket to the airline agent.. 22.He lends his friend his new shoes.. 23.She left her relatives five million pounds.. 24.The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer.. 25.The board awarded the first prize to the reporter.. II. Write the sentences in another way, beginning as shown. 1. Someone reported that the situation was under control..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(9)</span> The situation ___________________________________ 2. It is said that she works 16 hours a day. She ______________________________________________ 3. Someone thinks that the company is planning a new advertising campaign. The company ______________________________________ 4. Everyone expects that the soap opera will end next year. The soap opera __________________________________ 5. It is alleged that the man drove through the town at 90 miles an hour. The man _________________________________________ 6. Someone reported that the President had suffered a heart attack. The President ___________________________________ 7. They think that the prisoner escaped by climbing over a wall. The prisoner ____________________________________ 8. It is reported that the buildings have been badly damaged by fire. The buildings __________________________________ 9. It is reported that many people are homeless after the floods..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(10)</span> Many people ____________________________________ 10. We all expected Marta would pass her driving test. Marta _________________________________________ 11. People believe that he was killed by terrorists. He ____________________________________________ 12. We knew that you were in town on the night of the crime. You _____________________________________________ 13. Journalists supposed that the footballer Wayne Johnson was earning £10 million a year. The footballer Wayne Johnson __________________________ 14. It is said that there is a secret tunnel between those two houses. There _____________________________________________ 15. We know that they lives in a small flat on the fifth floor. They_______________________________________________ 16. Lots of people believe that the Prime Minister and his wife have separated. The Prime Minister________________________________.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(11)</span> 17. It is believed that the boy is wearing a white pullover and blue jeans. The boy___________________________________________ 18. Everyone expects that the hostages will be released soon. The hostages______________________________________ 19. It is reported that two people were injured in the explosion. Two people_______________________________________ 20. They say exercise is good for health. Exercise _________________________________________. III. Put these sentences into the passive voice. 1. I had my nephew paint the gate last week. 2. People don’t make the children work hard. 3. We heard her singing loudly. 4. John gets his sister to clean his shirt. 5. Anne had had a friend type her composition. 6. I sometimes see him go out. 7.They don’t let us beat their dog..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(12)</span> 8. I see him bathing her dog now. 9. My parents never let me do anything by myself. 10. They have her tell the story again. 11. She let him enter the room. 12. I have heard her sing that song several times. 13. People saw him steal your car. 14. He won’t let you do that silly thing again. 15. The teacher is watching them work. 16. She will have Peter wash her car tomorrow. 17. They made him work all day. 18. Someone should look into the matter. 19. Open your book! 20. Take off your hat! IV. Choose the correct answer. 1. We can’t go along here because the road _____. a. is repairing b. is repaired c. is being repaired d. repaires 2. The story I’ve just read _____ Agatha Christie..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(13)</span> a. was written b. was written by c. was written from d. wrote by 3. Why don’t you have your brother _____ the roof? a repairs b. repair c. repaired d. to repair 4. The man died because medical help was not summoned. A doctor should _____. a. be have called b. been called c. be called d. have been called 5. Something funny _____ in class yesterday. a. happened b. was happened c. happens d. is happened 6. Many US automobiles _____ in Detroit, Michigan. a. manufacture b. have manufactured c. are manufactured d. are manufacturing 7. A lot of pesticide residue can _____ on unwashed produce. a. find b. found c. be finding d. be found 8. We _____ by a loud noise during the night. a. woke up b. are woken up c. were woken up d. were waking up 9. How did that window _____? ~ I don’t know. a. get broken b. broke c. got broken d. broken 10. Some film stars _____ difficult to work with. a. are said be b. are said to be c. say to be d. said to be 11. Last night a tornado swept through Rockville. It _____ everything in its path. a. destroyed b. was destroyed c. was being destroyed d. has been destroyed 12. Vitamin C _____ by the human body. It gets into blood stream quickly. a. absorbs easily b. is easily absorbing c. is easily absorbed d. absorbed easily 13. Why did Tom keep making jokes about me? I don’t enjoy _____ at. a. be laughed b. to be laughed c. laughing d. being laughed 14. John _____ last week. a. had his house painted b. had painted his house c. had his father to paint d. had his house paint 15. Today, many serious childhood diseases _____ by early immunization. a. are preventing b. can prevent c. prevent d. can be prevented 16. ‘_____ about the eight o’clock flight to Chicago?’ ‘Not yet.’ a. Has been an announcement made b. Has an announcement made.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(14)</span> c. Has an announcement been made d. Has been made an announcement 17. ‘Has the commitee made its decision yet?’ ‘Not yet. They are still _____ the proposal.’ a. considering b. been considered c. being considered d. considered 18. I might watch this programme. It _____ very funny. a. supposes to be b. is supposed being c. is supposed to be d. was supposed be 19. Do you get your heating _____ every year? a. checking b. check c. be checked d. checked 20. Claude Jennings is said _____ his memory. a to have been lost b. to be lost c. to have lost d. to lose.

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