18 cau truc hay thi viet lai cau

<span class='text_page_counter'>(1)</span>1. S + began / started + to V/ V-ing + time ago (nhận dạng cấu trúc:. - He was such a fast runner that I could not follow him. began/ started to V/ Ving: bắt đầu làm gì). 8. S + Be/V + adj/ adv + enough + (for someone) + to do something :. Viết lại thành: S + have/has + P2 / been Ving+ for / since …. Đủ... cho ai đó làm gì.... Ví dụ: She began to play the piano 5 years ago. Chúng ta thường lấy ADJ đối nghĩa của ADJ cho sẵn trong câu “too” để dùng. => She has played/ has been playing the piano for 5 years.. tạo câu mới.. 2. S + last + Ved + time+ ago: Lần cuối cùng làm gì. Ví dụ: She is too young to get married.. => S + have/ has +not+ for + time. => She isn’t old enough to get married.. => It’s + time+ since + S + last + Ved.. 9. It’s adj (for Sb) to do sth: Ai đó làm gì như thế nào?. => The last time + S + V ed+ was + time + ago.. => Doing sth be ADJ (for sb). Ví dụ: It last snowed 2 weeks ago.. => S find Ving/ it/ N + ADJ to do sth. => It hasn’t snowed for 2 weeks. Ví dụ: It’s difficult for me to wake up early in the morning.. => It’s 2 weeks since it last snowed.. => Waking up early in the morning is difficult for me.. => The last time it snowed was 2 weeks ago.. => I find waking up early in the morning difficult.. 3. This is the first time + S +have/has+P2: Lần đầu làm gì. => I find it difficult to wake up in the morning.. => S +have/ has + never + P2+ before. (với N) I find English interesting to study.. => S+ have/ has not+ P2+ before. Ví dụ: It’s cool to try your best for what you want.. Ví dụ: This is the first time I have met him. => Trying your best for what you want is cool.. => I have never met him before.. I find it cool to try your best for what you want.. => I haven’t met him before.. 10. S+ should/ ought to/ had better+ V. 4. This is the Superlative (…est/ most ADJ N) S +have/has+P2. Or If I were you,…. => S +have/ has + never + P2+ such a/an+ ADJ+ N. => It’s time for sb to do sth. => S+ have/ has never+ P2+ a more + ADJ+ N than this. => It’s (high/ about) time S+ did sth. (thể hiện sự phàn nàn, chê trách “sao tới. Đề thi minh họa 2015:. bây giờ mà vẫn chưa làm?”). This is the most interesting novel I have ever read.. Ví dụ: You’d better go right now.. => I have never read such an interesting novel.. => It’s time for you to go now.. => I have never read a more interesting novel than this (one/ novel). => It’s time you went now.. Cấu trúc 5,6,7,8 thay thế cho nhau linh hoạt.. 11. Although/ Though/ Even though + clause (S+V). 5. S + Be/V + too + adj/adv + (for someone) + to do something: Quá....để. => Despite / In spite of+ Noun/gerund (Ving). cho ai làm gì.... => Despite/ in spite of the fact that S+ V,….. Ví dụ:. Ví dụ: Although they don’t have money, they still live happily.. - The top shelf is too high for the children to reach.. => Despite no money/ having no money, they still live happily.. - He ran too fast for me to follow.. => In spite of the fact that they don’t have money, they still live happily.. 6. S + Be/V + so + adj/ adv + that + S + V+O: Quá... đến nỗi mà.... 12. S + V + so that/ in order that+ S + V (chỉ mục đích). Ví dụ:. => S + V + to + V. - The top shelf is so high that the children can not not reach it.. Ví dụ: She studies hard in order that she can pass the final examination.. - He ran so fast that I could not follow him.. => She studies hard to pass the final examination. Notes: Trong cấu trúc So… that: vế sau that là mệnh đề mới nên cần có. 13. There’s no point in Ving: không đáng, không có ích khi làm gì?. thêm O sau V nên ta có reach it và follow him, trong khi đó ở cấu trúc “too”. => It’s no good/ no use Ving. thì không, các em hết sức lưu ý.. => It’s not worth Ving. Còn cấu trúc S + Be/V + so + many/much/little/few +N + that + S + V + O.. Ví dụ: There’s no point in arguing.. Ví dụ: She has so much work to do that she can not go out with me tonight.. => It’s no good/ no use arguing. She has so many things to do that she can not go out with me tonight. => It’s not worth arguing. 7. It + Be/V + such + (a/an) + (adj) + N(s) + that + S + V +O:. 14. Các cấu trúc liên quan đến câu gián tiếp. Quá... đến nỗi mà.... - Đề nghị: Suggest. Ví dụ:. Shall we+ V..../Let's+ V.../How/What about+ Ving..../Why dont we + V ... - It is such a high top shelf that the children can not reach it.. => S+ suggested+ Ving: đề nghị cùng làm gì..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(2)</span> Ví dụ: "Why don’t we go out for a walk?” said the boy.. - Khen ngợi: S congratulated Sb on Ving. => The boy suggested going out for a walk. “Congratulations! You won the first prize” he said to me.. - Gợi ý cho người khác: “Why don’t you+ Vo?. => He congratulated me on winning the first prize.. => S+ suggested+ that+ S+ should/shouldn't+ V. - Đe dọa: S+ threatened (sb)+to V/ not to V : đe doạ (ai) làm gì. Ví dụ: “Why don’t you have a rest?” he said to her. He said " I will kill you if you don’t do that "-. => He suggested that she should have a rest.. => He threatened to kill me if I didn’t do that. - Cáo buộc : S accused Sb of doing sth. 15. Chú ý đến các dạng cấu trúc trong câu điều kiện. “You stole the money on the table”, she said to him. - Unless = If not.. => She accused him of stealing the money on the table.. If you don’t have a visa, you can not come to America. - Thừa nhận hoặc phủ nhận. => Unless you have a visa, you can not come to America. S+ admitted/ denied+ Ving/ having P2.. - Đảo ngữ trong điều kiện loại 1: Should+ S+ V. He said “Yes, I did”. + Loại 2: Were S+ Adj/N / to V. => He admitted stealing/ having stolen the money on the table. + Loại 3: Had+ S+ (not) P2. He said: “ No, I didn’t”. Đề thi minh họa 2015:. => He denied stealing/ having stolen the money on the table. You can ring this number whenever there is any difficulty.. - Lời khuyên (should/ought to/ had better/ If I were you.../ Why don’t you). Should there be any difficulty, ring this number.. S + advised sb + (not) to V. 16. Các cấu trúc liên quan đến so sánh:. “If I were you, I would save some money” she said. Sự chuyển đổi từ cấu trúc ngang bằng - so sánh hơn - so sánh hơn nhất:. => She advised me to save some money.. Ví dụ: Sally is the tallest girl in her class. “You shouldn’t believe him” Jane said to Peter.. => No one in Sally’s class is as tall as her.. => Jane advised Peter not to believe him.. => No one in Sally’s class is taller than her.. - Câu mời (Would you like......?). - Cấu trúc tăng tiến cấp độ: The 8-year-old bride movie is more and more. S+ offered Sb Sth. interesting.. S+ offered to do Sth. - Cấu trúc càng… càng: The older he is, the less he wants to travel.. S + invited sb+ to V. 17. Các cấu trúc liên quan đến bị động. Would you like a cup of coffee, Peter?” I said.. - Have Sb do sth => have Sth done. => I offered Peter a cup of coffee.. Ví dụ: We get him to look after our house when we are on business.. “Would you like me to clean the house for you” he said.. => We get our house looked after (by him) when we are on business. => He offered to clean the house for me.. - Make Sb do sth-> Sb be made to do Sth. “Would you like to go to the cinema with me tonight?” he said.. The teacher made the students work hard.. => He invited me to go to the cinema with him that night.. => The students were made to work hard.. - Dặn dò: S + remember + to do Sth. - People say S+ V. => S + don’t forget + to do Sth. => It be said that S+ V. => S remind Sb to do Sth. => S be said to V/ to have P2. He told me: “Don’t forget to come here on time tomorrow”.. Ví dụ: People say that he drinks a lot of wine.. => He reminded me to come there on time the next day.. => It is said that he drinks a lot of wine.. She said to all of us: “Remember to submit the report by this Thursday”. => He is said to drink a lot of wine.. => She reminded all of us to submit the report by that Thursday.. 18. Các cấu trúc liên quan đến câu đảo ngữ.. - Cảm ơn: Thank Sb for Ving/ N. - Never will I speak to him again.. “Thank you for helping me finish this project “ he said to us.. - No sooner had I arrived home than the phone rang.. => He thanked us for helping him finish that project.. - Hardly had I arrived home when the phone rang.. “ Thank you for this lovely present.” I said to him.. - Only after posting the letter did I realize that I had forgotten to put on a. => I thanked him for that lovely present.. stamp.. - Xin lỗi: S apologized to sb for Ving. - Not until I asked a passer-by did I know where I was = It was not until I. “Sorry, I broke your vase” he said to his mother.. asked a passer-by that I knew where I was.. => He apologized to his mother for breaking her vase. - Around the corner is the hospital..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(3)</span> 1.CATS AND DOGS: rain heavily. 20. PUT SOMEONE/SOMETHING AT SOMEONE'S DISPOSAL: tomake. --> It's rainingcats and dogs = It's raining heavily. someone or something available to someone (có sẵn cho ai sử dụng theo ýmuốn). 2. CHALK AND CHEESE: very different from each other : Khác biệt. --> I'd be glad to help you if you need me. Iput myself at your disposal.. --> I don't have anything in common with my brother. We're like chalk and cheese.. 21.SPLITTING HEADACHE (N): a severe headache (đau đầu như búa bổ). 3. HERE AND THERE: everywhere. --> I've got asplitting headache. I'm going upstairs for a nap.. --> I have been looking here and there for thegift I bought for my girlfriend.. 22. OFF THE PEG:may sẵn (quần áo). 4. A HOT POTATO: something that is difficult ordangerous to deal with (vấn đề. --> If I buytrousers off the peg, they're always too short.. nan giải, nóng hổi). 23. ON THE HOUSE:không phải trả tiền. --> The abortion issue is a political hot potatoin the US.. --> I went to arestaurant last night. I was the ten thousandth customer, so my dinner. 5. AT THE DROP OF THE HAT: immediately, instantly. was onthe house.. --> If you need me, just call me. I can come atthe drop of a hat.. 24. HIT THE ROOF = GO THROUGH THE ROOF = HIT THECEILING: to. 6.BACK TO THE DRAWING BOARD: time to start from the beginning ; it is. suddenly become angry (giận dữ). time toplan something over again (bắt đầu lại từ đầu). --> I'm afraid he will hit the roof when hefinds out our vacation is cancelled.. --> My plans tocreate a tiny car made of glasses were unsuccessful, so I guess it is. 25. BRING DOWN THE HOUSE: làm cho cả khán phòng vỗtay nhiệt liệt. back tothe drawing board.. --> Bin's voice brought the house down. Hereally brought down the house with his. 7. BEAT ABOUT THEBUSH: avoiding the main topic, not speaking directly about. fantastic song.. the issue. (nói vòng vo, không vô vấn đề chính). 26.PAY THROUGH THE NOSE: to pay too much for something (trả giá đắt). --> Stop beatingabout the bush and answer myquestion.. --> If you wantdecent wine in a restaurant, you will have to pay through the nose for. 8. BEST THING SINCE SLICED BREAD: a good inventionor innovation; a good. it.. idea or plan. (ý tưởng hay, tốt). 27. BY THE SKIN OFONE'S TEETH: sát sao. --> Portable phones are marketed as the bestthing since sliced bread; people think. --> I gotthrough calculus class by the skin of my teeth.. they are extremely good.. --> I got to theairport a few minutes late and missed the plan by the skin of my teeth.. 9. BURN THE MIDNIGHT OIL: to stay up working,especially studying late at. 28. PULL SOMEONE'SLEG: chọc ai. night (thức khuya làm việc, học bài). --> You don't mean that.You're just pulling my leg.. --> I will have a big exam tomorrow so I'll beburning the midnight oil tonight.. 29. IT STRIKE SB AS/THAT A STRANGE: lấy làm lạ. 10. CAUGHT BETWEEN TWO STOOLS: when someone findsit difficult to. --> I stroke me as a strange when he came toclass early this morning.. choose between two alternatives (lưỡng lự, không biết lựa chọncái nào, do dự). 30. HIGH AND LOW = HERE AND THERE: everywhere. --> I was caught between two stools when I hadto choose which shirt to hang out. --> I have been searching high and low for thegift I bought for Hà An for a whole. with my girlfriends.. day.. 11.BREAK A LEG = Chúc may mắn. 31.THE MORE, THE MERRIER: càng đông, càng vui. 12. HIT THE BOOKS = học tập. --> Of courseyou can have a ride with us! The more, the merrier.. 13. LET THE CAT OUT OF THE BAG: to reveal a secret or a surprise by. 32. SPICK AND SPAN:ngăn nắp, gọn gàng. accident ( để lộ bí mật). --> The kitchenwas spick and span as ever, every surface wiped down and everything. --> It's asecret. Try not to let the cat out of the bag.. in itsplace.. 14. WHEN PIGS FLY =something will never happen (chuyện viễn vông, không. 33. EVERY NOW ANDTHEN = sometimes. tưởng). --> Every nowand then, I want to be alone.. 15. SCRATCH SOMEONE'S BACK: helpsomeone out with the assumption that. 34. PART AND PARCEL: integral, crucial (quan trọng,thiết yếu). they will return the favor in the future(giúp ai với mong muốn sau này người ta sẽ. --> Being recognised in the street is all partand parcel of being famous.. giúp lại mình). 35. GO TO ONE'S HEAD: khiến ai kiêu ngạo. --> "You scratch my back and I will scratchyours," the customer said when we talked. --> Don't let all this praises go to your head.. about the new sales contact.. --> Too much success will go to her head.. 16.HIT THE NAIL ON THE HEAD: do or say something exactly right (đoán, nói. 36.BE ON THE WAGON: kiêng rượu. trúngphóc). --> Bob's olddrinking buddies complained that he was no fun when he went on the. --> Mike hit thenail on the head when he said most people can use a computer. wagon.. without knowinghow it works.. 37. ONCE IN A BLUEMOON: rất hiếm. 17. TAKESOMEONE/SOMETHING FOR GRANTED: coi nhẹ. --> Once in ablue moon, I stop thinking about her. If only she knew how much I love. --> One of theproblems with relationships is that after a while you begin to take each. her.. otherfor granted.. 38. ON THE SPOT:immediately (ngay lập tức). 18. TAKE SOMETHINGINTO ACCOUNT/CONSIDERATION: toremember to. --> I will bethere on the spot.. consider something (tính đến cái gì). 39. FEW AND FAR BETWEEN: hiếm gặp. --> We will take your long years of service intoaccount when we make our final. --> Go and tell her that you love her! That kindof girl is really few and far between.. decision.. 40. ON THE VERGE OF = ON THE BRINK OF = IN THE EDGE: bên bờ vực. 19. KEEP AN EYE ON SB/STH: để ý, để tâm đến ai. (cẩn thận với giới từ "on" và "in" nhé!). --> Please keep an eye on my baby while I amout.. --> We have to protect elephants. They are onthe verge of extinction..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(4)</span> 41.LEAD SOMEBODY BY THE NOSE: to control someone and make them do. 65. OFF ONE'S HEAD: điên, loạn trí. exactly what youwant them to do (nắm đầu, dắt mũi ai). --> The old man has been off his head for atleast a year.. --> They simply didn't know what they were doing and they were led by the nose by. 66.RUN AN ERRAND: làm việc vặt. amanipulative government. --> I've got torun an errand. I'll be back in a minute.. 42. AT THE ELEVENTH HOUR: vào phút chót. 67. JUMP THETRAFFIC LIGHTS: vượt đèn đỏ. --> She alwaysturned her term paper in at the eleventh hour.. --> They ignorepeople who jumps the traffic lights.. 43. FIND FAULT WITH: chỉ trích, kiếm chuyện, bắt lỗi. 68. FLY OFF THE HANDLE: dễ nổi giận, phát cáu. --> It is very easy to find fault with the workothers.. --> No one willfly off the handle for no reason.. 44. OFF AND ON/ ON AND OFF: không đều đặn, thỉnhthoảng. 69. THE APPLE OF ONE'S EYES: đồ quý giá của ai. --> We don't often go there- just off and on.. --> You are the apple of my eyes.. 45. MAKE BELIEVE: giả bộ, giả vờ. 70. BUCKET DOWN: mưa xối xả, mưa to. --> I tried to make believe she was happy, butknew deep down it was not true.. --> It's been bucketing down all day.. 46. MAKE GOOD TIME: di chuyển nhanh, đi nhanh.. 71.CLOSE SHAVE = NARROW ESCAPE: thoát chết trong gang tấc. --> We made good time and were at the hotel bylunch time.. --> Phew, thatwas a close shave. I was so lucky.. 47. LOOK DAGGERS AT SOMEONE: giận giữ nhìn ai đó. 72. DROP A BRICK :lỡ lời, lỡ miệng. --> Their relationship is not free and easy butat least he is no longer looking daggers. --> I dropped abrick when talking with my best friend, and now he doesn't want to. at her.. talk to me.. 48. BE OUT OF THE QUESTION: không thể được. 73. GET BUTTERFLIESIN ONE'S STOMACH: cảm thấy bồn chồn. --> You cannot get married until you are 18,it's out of the question.. --> I always getbutterflies in my stomach when it comes to taking test.. 49. ALL AT ONCE = suddenly: bất thình lình. 74. OFF THE RECORD: không chính thức, không đượccông bố. --> All at once, there was a loud banging on thedoor.. --> What the president said is not to beprinted. It's off the record.. 50. BLOW ONE'S TRUMPET: bốc phét, khoác lác. 75. ONE'S CUP OF TEA: thứ mà ta thích. --> Anyone will tell you she's one of the bestjournalist we've got, although she'd. --> SNSD is my cup of tea. They are so beautifuland talented. Especially Seohyun,. never blow her trumpet.. she looks so cute.. 51.SLEEP ON IT: suy nghĩ thêm về điều gì đó.. 76.CUT IT FINE: đến sát giờ. --> You don'thave to give me your decision now. Sleep on it, and let me know. --> Onlyallowing half an hour to get from the station to the airport is cutting itfine,. tomorrow.. isn't it?. 52. FIGHT TOOTH ANDCLAW / NAIL: đánh nhau dữ dội, cấu xé nhau. 77. GOLDEN HAND SHAKE: món tiền hậu hĩnh dành cho người sắp nghỉ việc. --> We foughttooth and claw to retain our share of business.. --> The managergot early retirement and a 600,000$ golden handshake when the. 53. PLAY TRICKS /JOKES ON: chọc phá, trêu ghẹo, chơi khăm. company wasrestructed.. --> The kids arealways play jokes on their teachers.. 78. PUT ON AN ACT:giả bộ, làm bộ. 54. DOWN THE DRAIN: đổ sông đổ biển (công sức, tiềnbạc). --> We've knownyou are a good swimmer - stop putting on an act.. --> It's just money down the drain.. 79. COME TO LIGHT: được biết đến, được phát hiện,được đưa ra ánh sáng.. 55. SMELL A RAT: hoài nghi, linh cảm chuyện khôngổn. --> Four soldiers have faced charges since thescandal came to light last fall.. --> The minute I came in, I smelled a rat.. 80. TAKE THINGS TO PIECES: tháo ra từng mảnh. 56.THE LAST STRAW: giọt nước tràn ly. --> Men like to take things to pieces and putthem together.. --> When sheshowed up late a third time, that was the last straw. We had to fire her.. 81.PUT ONE'S FOOT IN IT: gây nhầm lẫn, bối rối, phạm một sai lầm gây bối rối. 57. GET THE HANG OF SOMETHING: nắm bắt được, sử dụng được. --> I really putmy foot in it when I asked her about her job. I didn't know she'd just. --> After threeweeks of using this computer, I think I've finally got the hand of it.. beenfired.. 58. HARD OF HEARING: lãng tai, nặng tai. 82. PULL ONE'SWEIGHT: nỗ lực, làm tròn trách nhiệm. --> Tom is hardof hearing. Therefore, we have to speak loudly so that he can hear us.. --> The rest ofthe team complained that Sarah wasn't pulling her weight.. 59. KEEP AN EYE ON: coi chừng, ngó chừng. 83. MAKE ENDS MEET:xoay sở để kiếm sống. --> Please keep an eye on my baby while I'm outfor a while.. --> I have towork at two jobs to make ends meet.. 60. HAVE A BEE IN ONE'S BONNET (ABOUT SOMETHING):đặt nặng. 84. GET THE HOLD OF THE WRONG END OF THE STICK:hiểu nhầm ai đó. chuyện gì, chấp nhất chuyện gì. --> I think I must explain to her that she gothold of the wrong end of the stick again.. --> She has a bee in her bonnet about going toAmerica.. 85. CUT AND DRIED: cuối cùng, không thể thay đổi,rõ ràng, dễ hiểu. 61.GET/HAVE COLD FEET: mất hết can đảm, chùn bước. --> Although a deal has been agreed, it is notyet cut-and-dried.. --> I'm worriedmy friends may be getting cold feet about the university entrance. 86.STAY/KEEP ON ONE'S TOE: cảnh giác, thận trọng. exam.Therefore, I will try my best to help them overcome this severe exam.. --> We hadbetter keep on our toes while we're walking along the dark portions of. 62. ON SECOND THOUGHTS: suy nghĩ kĩ. thisstreet.. --> On secondthoughts, it was a dumb movie.. 87. SEE EYE TO EYE:đồng tình. 63. IN VAIN: uổngcông, vô ích. --> I'm gladthat they see eye to eye on the matter of the conference location.. --> All thedoctor’s efforts were in vain and the man soon died.. 88. HAVE IN MIND:đang suy tính, cân nhắc. 64. CHIP IN: khuyên góp, góp tiền. --> I don't wantto see a movie now, I have in mind going to the park.. --> If everyone chips in, we will be able to buyher a nice present.. 89. A LOST CAUSE: hết hy vọng, không thay đổi đượcgì.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(5)</span> --> It seems that Charles will give it up. Isuppose he is a lost cause. 90. TO BE BOUND TO: chắc chắn --> You're bound to be late if you don't hurry. 91.AT HEART: thực chất, cơ bản (basically, fundamentally) --> Jamessometimes seems quite unfriendly but at heart he's a good person. 92. TO KNOW BYSIGHT: nhận ra (recognize) --> The womansaid that she would know the thief by sight if she ever saw him again. 93. NOW AND THEN =NOW AND AGAIN = AT TIMES = FROM TIME TO TIME = OFF AND ON = ONCE IN A WHILE =EVERY SO OFTEN : sometimes (thỉnh thoảng, không thường xuyên) 94. TO TAKE PAINS: làm việc cẩn thận và tận tâm --> She takes pains to do everything well. 95. TO MAKE DO: xoay sở, đương đầu (to manage, tocope) --> During difficult economic times, many peoplehave to make do with less. 96.SELL SOMEONE/ SOMETHING SHORT: đánh giá thấp --> When you saythat John isn't interested in music, you're selling him short. Did you know heplays the violin quite well? 97. FACE THE MUSIC:chịu trận --> Mary broke adining-room window and had to face the music when her father got home. 98. LET THE CAT OUT OF THE BAG: để lộ bí mật --> I was tryingto keep the party a secret, but Jim went and let the cat outof the bag. 99. ON PROBATION: trong thời gian quản chế --> While Anne was on probation, she reported tothe police regularly. 100. SELL/ GO LIKE HOT CAKES: bán đắt như tôm tươi --> The book has only just been published andcopies are already selling like hot cakes in both Britain and America. 101.IT NEVER RAINS BUT IT POURS: good or bad things do not just happen a few at atime, but in large numbers all at once (họa vô đơn chí) --> First of allit was the car breaking down, then the fire in the kitchen and now Mike'saccident. It never rains but it pours! 102. SALT ANDPEPPER: màu tóc hoa râm. (having a mixture of black and white) --> He has asalt and pepper beard. 103. A PENNY FOR YOUR THOUGHTS: a way of askingwhat someone is thinking (dùng để hỏi ai đó xem họ đang nghĩ gì) --> For several minutes they sat silently, thenfinally she looked at him and said, “A penny for your thoughts, Walter.” (Trongvài phút, họ ngồi im lặng, rồi cuối cùng cô nhìn anh và nói: “Anh đang nghĩ gìmà mê mải thế, Walter.”) 104. HOME AND DRY (adj): êm xuôi, hoàn thành trótlọt (have been successful) --> I just have to finish the placement exam,I'm home and dry. 105. DOWN AND OUT (adj) : thất cơ lỡ vận --> True friends always stand by you when you'redown and out..

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