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Thinking Skills Assessment Oxford 2013 section 1

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Thinking Skills Assessment Oxford
Wednesday 6 November 2013




SECTION 1

4502/11
1 hour 30 minutes

Thinking Skills Assessment

Instructions to Candidates
Please read this page carefully, but do not open this question paper until you are told that
you may do so.
A separate answer sheet is provided for this section. Please check you have one.
You also require a soft pencil and an eraser.
Please complete the answer sheet with your TSA candidate number, centre number, date of birth
and name.
Speed as well as accuracy is important in this section. Work quickly, or you may not finish the
paper. There are no penalties for incorrect responses, only points for correct answers, so you
should attempt all 50 questions. All questions are worth one mark.
Answer on the sheet provided. Questions ask you to show your choice between five options.
Choose the one option you consider correct and record your choice on the separate answer sheet.
If you make a mistake, erase thoroughly and try again.
Any rough work should be done on this question paper.
Dictionaries and calculators may NOT be used.

Developed and administered on behalf of the
University of Oxford by Cambridge Assessment.


© Copyright UCLES 2013

Please wait to be told you may begin before turning this page.
This paper consists of 29 printed pages and 3 blank pages.
© copyright UCLES 2013


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