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Gio trnh My đin

Trang 28
6: 
(Dynamo .D.C Generator)

I. ĐA
̣
I CƯƠNG:


: 4 .
 1 







(Separated Dynamo)






 :
 : ( Shunt Dynamo) 






// 











:
(series dynamo) 







 .








 : (Compound Dynamo)









II. CC ĐC TNH CA MY PHT ĐIN MT CHIU:
: 4 



: U, I

, I
t
, n ,






( n = const)

1. Đc tnh không ti: U
0
= f (I
t
) = E
ư
; I = 0 ; n = const.
+

U
kt
R

I
t
-

F



U

I = I

+

-

R


G


U

I = I

I
t
+

-

+

G



U

I =I
t
= I

-

G



U

R

+

-

I

I
ts
I

I = I

-I
t

Gio trnh My đin

Trang 29
 











.














I
t
(A)
0 I
to
U
o
(V)
0 U
o
()




1 












 



:
 




, 












t
 0 














 , 




trên 2 












 (2

3)%
U
m








 (I
t
R

),







2 
















 . 
t
, U
0










, 




U
o
U
o
= f(I
t
)
0
I
t
U
o
I
t
0
- I
t
My kch thch đc lp c 2 nhnh
I
t

R
dc
+

-

U
kt
G
V

+

-

n


Gio trnh My đin

Trang 30
 , 

t
, U
0
. 
















.

2. Đc tnh ngn mch: I
n
= f ( I
t
) khi U = 0 , n = const.









I
t

(A)
0 I
tn
I
n
(A)
0 I


U = E

 I

R


O = E

 I

R

 E

= I

R

 








:




















































I
tn

=
OC
I
t1
=
OD
: .
(I
tn
 I
t1
) =
DC
: 







.

U = E

 I

R

 (I

tn
 I
t1
)
I
n
I
t
I

I
tn
O

I
t
I
n
= I

I

R


0

B

A


D

C

I
t1
I
tn
U
o
, I
n
U
0
= f(I
t
)
I
n
= f(I
t
)
I
t
R
dc
+

-


U
kt
F

+

-

n

I
n
U



A

V


Gio trnh My đin

Trang 31






















 












. Khi I = I










.

3. Đc tnh lm vic ca my pht đin mt chiu kch t đc lp:
a) Đc tnh ngoi: U = f ( I ) I
t
= const ; n = const












I
t
(A)

I

0

U (V)
U

U
o





khi I
t
= , n = .










 , 












 , 




. 











 = 0 


. 









kt






.
, , 





 ( I

R

), 




 do
 . 
















.
 (I = 0) 




(I =I

) 
























.


U

% =
100.
U
UU
ñm

ñmo

(

  (5  15)% U








)
 U

= (5  15)%
U

U

U = f(I)

U
o
U

I

I


I
t
I

I
to
I
t
= f(I)
I
t
R
dc
+

-

U
kt
F

+

-

n

I
n

U

A



I

V


Gio trnh My đin

Trang 32

b) Đc tnh điu chnh: I
t
= f( I) khi U= const , n = const

I (A)
I

0

I
t
(A)
I

I

to
































































.
 : 





 

 ( I

, R

)  .
 U  = const  I
t
.















 , 










(15

25)% I
t0
.
 

















.
4. My pht đin mt chiu t kch thch : kch t song song , kch t ni
tiê
́
p, kch t hn hp:
a) Điê
̀
u kiê
̣
n đ t kch t:
  (

), 















(acquy, ) .
  , 
chi, 

























.
 
































b) Qu trnh thnh lp đin p:
 : 











 , 



























= (2

3)%
U

; E









 . 





 , 































 , 












 .  , 










 , 



















.  , 



 



















.
  : 
(I
t
= I

= I) 











, 

, 


.
I


Gio trnh My đin

Trang 33
  : 










= I
t
= 0. 
. 



 ,  













, 



























.
5. Đc tnh ca my pht mt chiu kch thch song song:
a) Đc tnh ngoi: U = f(I) khi R
t
= const ; n = const.

I (A)
I

0

U (V)
U

U
o































, 































 










 , 






 . ,






 ( )  









0







, 








t
, 




t
  . 






















.

b) Đc tnh điu chnh: I
t
= f(I) khi U = const , n = const.
I
t
F

+

-

n

U


A



I

A

V

N
S
+
-
U
DC
U
o
U

I
o
I

I
n
I














U

MF

U
DC
-

+

ö

o
R
E
I 


Gio trnh My đin


Trang 34

I (A)
I

0

I
t
(A)
I

I
to



























 . 
 , 














, 










.
6. Đc tnh ca my pht mt chiu kch thch ni tip:






















 Đc tnh ngoi:
U = f(I) khi n = const
I (A)
0 I

U (V)
E

U











 , 

 1 


.
I

I
t

= f(I)
I

I

I
t
I
to
0

I

U

U

U = f(I)

E

N
S
+
-
U
DC
MF

U

DC
-

+

MF

+

-

A



I

V

I


.

Gio trnh My đin

Trang 35









t
= I

= I nên khi n = 



2 









 , 




= f( I ).
 : 





t
= I nên 














, 


















 (


I
t
) 





































.
7. Đc tnh ca my pht mt chiu kch thch hn hp:


































N
S
+
-
U
DC

U
DC
-

MF

+

MF

+

-

A



I

V

Short shunt

MF

+

-


A



I

V

long shunt


Gio trnh My đin

Trang 36
 











2 n: 

. 
, 


2 













 .
 

 2 



, 






 

 

, 























 1
.
a) Đc tnh ngoi: U = f (I) khi I
t

= const , n = const
 



 















.
 
nt
> 


.













 

, 











.
 , 






.
 

, , 

































 . 

, 













xuyên n



.
b) Đc tnh điu chnh:
I

t
= f(I)


















I (A)



U (V)
 0 I


 0 I





 0 I



 U
o



const
 U
o
> U
o



 U
o
< U
o





nt


ss

nt
U
U
o
(1)



(1)



(1)





I





()






I
t


I

0


Gio trnh My đin

Trang 37


III. MY PHT ĐIN MT CHIU LM VIC SONG SONG:























:
1 













 . 

2 







1 :
 





2 1 (







).
 E2 



(

2 ).
Quay F2 




, 



2  E

= 0 
2

 . 


t2
( 2), 



 2 
1 
2

2
0. 
E

= U  

 K
2

, 2  1. I

=
2
2
ö
ö
R
UE 
= 0, 








 , 2 





 (I
1
= I ; I
2
= 0).
2 







2
> U (I
t2
), 























  E
2

E
1
(I
t1
) ( 1  1' ; 2  2')



1
I
t2
, I
t1
sao cho I
1
= 0, I
2
= I

 
1



V

1
F
1
+

-

K
1
F
2
+

-

K
2
A

A

V
2



(bus bar)

I


I
2
I
1
'
I
1
= I

I
1
I
2
1"

1'

1

2

2'

2"

U

: 2 





×