Tóm tắt luận án Tiến sĩ Manivong bongsouvanh training and fostering of cadres and officers in Savanakhet province, people’s democracy republic of Laos

MINISTRY OF
MINISTRY OF HOME
EDUCATION AND
AFFAIRS
TRAINING
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION

MANIVONG BONGSOUVANH
TRAINING AND FOSTERING OF CADRES
AND OFFICERS IN SAVANAKHET
PROVINCE,
PEOPLE’S DEMOCRACY REPUBLIC OF
LAOS

Major: Public management
Code: 9 34 04 03
SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS OF
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT

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The work has been completed at: NATIONAL ACADEMY OF
PUPLIC ADMINISTRATION
Supervisors: 1. Assoc. Prof. PhD. Luu Kiem Thanh

2. Assoc. Prof. PhD Ngo Thanh Can
Reviewer 1: ……………………………………
Reviewer 2: ……………………………………
Reviewer 3: ……………………………………………

The thesis is presented at the Academic - level Thesis Assessment

Council
Location: Meeting Hall .. ... Floor ..., National Academy of Public
Administration.
No. 77 - Nguyen Chi Thanh Street - Dong Da District - Hanoi
Time: ……… date …… month…. 2021

The thesis can be found at the National Library of Vietnam or the
library of the National Academy of Public Administration.

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PREFACE
1. Reason to choose the topic
In the Lao PDR, training for civil servants is determined to
train basic skills and professional knowledge in order to improve the
quality of civil servants according to the requirements of
administrative reform and society nowadays especially in the 21st
century. When the fourth industrial revolution sets many new
requirements for public servants to meet the demands of increasing
management requirements, building civil servants who are proficient
in professional expertise. They have knowledge and skills to work
effectively. Moreover, they also have good management skills, and
completely loyal to the socialist regime in Lao PDR. In recent years,
the training of civil servants in Savanakhet province has made
remarkable achievements, improving the quality of civil servants,
making an important contribution to the renovation and socioeconomic development in the locality. However, the quality of
training for civil servants in Savanakhet province is not high. The

application of knowledge after training is still limited. The program
has not met the diverse requirements of civil servants. Content,
which is not reasonable and suitable for learners, is not associated
with practice. Equipment for teaching and learning is weak and
lacking. The teaching staff still is inadequacy and the quality of the
staff is not synchronized, qualification is still limited. Practical
knowledge, which is limited, is still backward . Teaching methods
have not been innovated strongly and they have not been closely to
reality. Furthermore, teaching methods is not promoting the
activeness and initiative of students. Lecturers have not been

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facilitated to access and use modern means in teaching. The teaching
staff is still lacking and it percentage is not reasonable.
There are many authors who research about training of cadres
and officers with different approaches which is from the actual
situation, experience and the job position. In Western countries, it is
often mentioned to foster civil servants. In Laos, fostering and
traning are for cadres and civil servants
They have created a diversely theoretical basis for training
study in Lao PDR. However, there are not many researches on
carders and officers training especially fundamental studies in the
locality.
Due to the complex activities of cadres and civil servants
training and limited knowledge related to this field, the thesis
continues to clarify and deepen the theoretical issues of carders and
officers training.
Contributing to improve the quality of fostering and training

civil servants in Savanakhet province of Lao PDR today, the author
chooses the thesis of " Training and fostering cadres and officers in
Savanakhet province, Lao People's Democratic Republic " as the
research topic for a doctoral thesis in Public Administration.
2. Purposes and tasks of the study
2.1 Purpose of the study
On the theoretical basic of training and fostering of cadres and
officers, the thesis assesses the current situation of training and
fostering of civil servants in Savanakhet province, Lao PDR, and
then it proposes some solutions to improve the activities of training
and fostering of civil servants and public servants in Savannakhet
province, Lao PDR.
2.2 Tasks of the study
- An overview of scientific works related to the thesis topic.

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- Systematizing and clarifying the scientific basis for the
activities of civil servants training.
- Analyzing, evaluating and clarifying the current situation of
training activities for civil servants in Savanakhet province, Lao
PDR.
- Proposing some solutions to improve training activities for
civil servants in Savanakhet province, Lao PDR nowadays.
3. Objects and scope of the study
- Objects of the study is activities of training and fostering of
cadres and officers.
- The thesis has scope of study is in Savanakhet province, Lao
PDR from 2010 to the present vision for the following years.

4. Methodology and research methodology
- The thesis is based on the method of dialectical materialism
and historical materialism of Marxism-Leninism
- In terms of theoretical research, there are methods of
practical summaries, statistics, synthesis, comparative analysis,
expert, sociological investigation.
5. Scientific hypotheses and research questions
5.1. Scientific hypothesis
- How does training and fostering cadres and officers proceed
based on scientific basic in Lao People's Democratic Republic?
- What are the results and limitations of fostering and training
cadres and civil servants in Savanakhet province, Lao PDR? Why?
- How to improve the quality and efficiency of public service
of training activities in Savanakhet province, Lao People's
Democratic Republic in the current period?
5.2. Research question
There are still many problems in training and fostering cadres
and officers in Savanakhet province, therefore they not only affects
the quality of the province's civil servants but also costs money and
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time. If there are perfect solutions of training and fostering cadres
and officers, they will bring great efficiency, making an important
contribution to improving the quality of Savanakhet province's civil
servants.
6. New contributions of the thesis
- Providing concept, characteristics and content to
consolidate and further clarify the scientific basis for training and
fostering cadres and civil servants

.- Contributing to some reference values that Savannakhet,
Lao PDR can learns experiences from other countries in the world.
- An overview of a relatively comprehensive picture of
training and fostering civil servants in Savanakhet, Lao PDR.
- Providing some solutions to improve activities of civil
servants training in Savanakhet, Lao PDR.
7. Scientific and practical significance of the thesis
- The thesis clarifies and supplements a number of theoretical
issues on training and fostering activities for cadres and civil
servants.
- Research results can become a reference source for
individuals and organizations in Lao PDR in general and in
Savanakhet province, Lao PDR in particular.

Chapter 1
OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH SITUATION
1.1 The scientific research thesis related to the dissertation
Some research works which are related to the thesis topic have
achieved inheritable results. They are affirming the role and
importance of the quality of civil servants in socio - economic
development process of each country; Moreover, these researches

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provide concept, characteristics, role, the formation, development of
training and fostering cadres and officers.
They indicate the process including 4 basic steps. Moreover,
researches clarify the current status of training activities for civil
servants in some localities and countries. They propose directions

and a system of specific solutions to improve the quality of public
servants performance in the new period; Researches propose
solutions to strengthen international cooperation on the training civil
servants, especially cooperating with good friendship countries to
learn from experience. They affirm that the training civil servants
should be associated with remuneration policies.
1.2. General comments on the research related to the
thesis
Firstly, clarifying the perception of the Ruling Party on
training and fostering cadres and civil servants.
Secondly, focusing on training skills, knowledge and
qualities.
Thirdly, proposing a model and a way to coordinate while
doing the task of training civil servants between the Party Central
Committee, ministries of the Government and local governments.
Fourthly, solutions to mobilize financial resources to serve in
cadres and officers training activites nowadays and in the future.
Although there are pretty many researches on training and
fostering of civil servants, there are not many researches on carders
and officers training especially fundamental studies in the locality of
Lao PDR. Accordingly, the thesis research does not duplicate and
ensures the novelty.

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CHAPTER 2
THEORETICAL BASIS FOR TRAINING AND FOSTERING
CADRES AND OFFICERS
2.1. The concept, characteristics and role of training and

fostering of cadres and civil servants
2.1.1. The concept of training and fostering of cadres and
civil servants
Training and fostering of cadres and civil servants is a planned
process of transforming the attitudes, knowledge or skills of cadres
and civil servants through learning and training to do tasks
effectively.
2.1.2. Characteristics of training and fostering of cadres and
officers
- Be compulsory by law.
- Must be implemented synchronously, associated with
specific plans.
- Must be associated with the rank and position of officers.
- Must be comprehensive.
- Foster training is both right and mandatory requirement for
each officer.
2.1.3. The role of training and fostering of cadres and
officers
Firstly, cadres and officers need equipting knowledge, skills
and methods to work.
Secondly, building civil servants is capable of creating an
advanced and modern administration.
Thirdly, foster training activities are developmental tool.
2.2. Content, methods and subjects of training and
fostering of cadres and civil servants
2.2.1. Content of training and fostering of cadres and civil
servants
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- Identifying the needs of foster traning.
- Preparing plan for training and fostering of cadres and
officers.
- Organizing the implementation of training and fostering of
civil servants.
- Checking and evaluating foster training
2.2.2. Methods of training and fostering of cadres and civil
servants
- Passive method.
- Student-centered method.
- Practical guide.
2.2.3. Subjects of training and fostering of cadres and civil
servants
- State management of foster training cadres and officers
- Facility of training and fostering cadres and civil servants
2.3. Factors affecting training and fostering of cadres and
civil servants
- Leaders awareness of training and fostering of cadres and
officers.
- Institutions and policies on training and fostering of cadres
and civil servants.
- Programs and documents for foster training civil servants.
- Teaching staffs.
- Fostering training establishments.
- The development of science and technology.
- International cooperation in foster training.
2.4 Experience in training and fostering of cadres and civil
servants of some countries in the world and reference value for
Savanakhet province, Lao PDR
2.4.1. Experience in training and fostering of cadres and

civil servants of some countries in the world
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- Training of civil servants has always been focused by the
Party and Goverment of Vietnam with the following highlights:
training focuses mainly on two subjects: administrative civil servants
and grassroots civil servants; The training program focuses on two
basic contents: equipping political theory knowledge and state
management knowledge; Ministries and localities have focused on
training and building a team of leaders and managers; they change
the content of training and fostering civil servants especially foreign
languages and IT; a number of ministries are creative and proactive
in bringing new contents which are suitable to the characteristics of
the ministries in training civil servants; foster training of knowledge
and skills according to tittle.
- China is one of the countries that has made great efforts to
improve the quality of civil servants to achieve the goal of
professionalism and modernity according to international standards:
It focuses on investing in developing the system of foster training
institutions associated with the goal of building a contingent of civil
servants that are capable of meeting job requirements in reform
period and international integration; Moreover, China converts foster
training model, which is according to the plan and targets, turns into
the requirements of practice, ; constantly innovating the content and
methods of foster training civil servants in a practical and effective
manner, both meeting the job requirement and study of officers;
Futhermore, there is implement innovation in structure and
remunerative regime for lecturers participating in foster training civil
servants; Besides,Chinainstitutionalizes the learning of officials and

public servants of the Party and government; conducting foster
training associated with self-training.
2.4.2. Reference value for Savanakhet province, Lao PDR
First, there is raising awareness of cadres and officers.

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Second, there is a centralized and unified direction for training
activities of civil servants from central to local levels, and there is
decentralization.
Third, there is linking training with other stages in personnel
work such as planning, promotion, appointment, rotation,
remuneration....
Fourth, there is innovation, improving quality in all aspects of
foster training activities in the political system in institutions.
CHAPTER 3
CURRENT SITUATION OF TRAINING AND FOSTERING
OF CADRES AND CIVIL SERVANTS IN SAVANAKHET
PROVINCE, LAO PDR
3.1.Overview of Savanakhet province, LAO PDR
3.1.1. Natural conditions of Savannakhet province
It covers 21,774 km² in which the delta area accounted for
59% and the mountainous area accounted for 41%, the forest area
accounted for 61% of the total area. Savannakhet, that has a tropical
climate, is divided into two distinct seasons: the dry season and rainy
season.
3.1.2. Socio-economic conditions of Savanakhet province
In 2015, the province's population that was 969,697, was with
population density is 44.53 people/km². Sanavakhet was a province

with 73.6% of the population living in rural areas and 4.2% of
disadvantaged areas and 22.2% of the population living in urban
areas. In 2020, Sanavakhet's GDP reached to 3,919,690 million kip,
increasing 16.2% compared to 2016.
Economic structure of Sanavakhet province: agriculture
accounted for 31.6% (up 7.48%), industry-handicraft accounted for

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35.1% (up 13.73%) and other services accounted for 33.27% (up
14.66%-16.45%). GDP per capita reaches from 2,136 USD/year.
3.1.3. Cadres and officers in Savanakhet province
In 2020, civil servants were 16,136. The number of officers
with undergraduate and bachelor’s degrees accounted for the
majority with more than 50%; the percentage of officers with
undergraduate’s degree ranging from 23.1% to 42.6%. The group
with the lowest percentage was post-graduate that is from 6.5% to
11.1%.
In 2020, the whole province was 694 people with
advanced political theory level, bachelor's degrees in politics,
accounting for 4.3%; there were 4,453 people with intermediate
political theory level, equivalent to 27.6%. Thus, from 2013 to 2020,
the number of civil servants with intermediate and advanced political
theory level was increasing, represented 31.9% in Sanavakhet
province.
The number of public servants of specialist and equivalent
was 12376 people, accounting for 76.7%; principal specialists and
equivalent were 2130 (13.2%); the rank of senior specialists and
equivalent were 371 people (2.3%); The rank of officers and

employee s were 1259 people (7.8%).
3.2. Foster training of civil servants in Savannakhet
province
3.2.1. Subjects participating in activities of training and
fostering of cadres and civil servants in Savannakhet province
- Lao National Academy of Politics and Administration
develops training programs for officers, and issues functions and
tasks of provincially political and administrative schools.
- Savanakhet Provincial Party Committee directs the
implementation of the training of civil servants in the whole province
under its authority
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- The People's Committee of Savanakhet province elaborates,
promulgates and organizes the implementation of the plan of land
acquisition under its management.
- Savanakhet Provincial Party Committee advises to the study
regime of the provincial officers.
- Savanakhet Department of Home Affairs advises and helps
the Provincial People's Committee to manage the state management
of training and fostering civil servants.
- The political and administrative school of Savanakhet
province implements foster training officers
- The political training centers of district carry out political
theory programs training.
3.2.2. Result
3.2.2.1.Determining the needs of public service providers
Every year, in order to determine the needs for training and
fostering the contingent of civil servants, the Provincial People's

Committee advertises. The agencies determine the needs, making
statistics and sending to the Department of Home Affairs for
summarization. The Department agrees on the survey form and
agencies determine the demand for training and fostering the
contingent of civil servants. Besides, Sanavakhet province also
creates a registration form for a number of training and retraining
courses to orient civil servants to complete the standards according to
their titles and clearly specify people to be sent for training.
3.2.2.2. Planning the training and fostering of civil servants
When implementing foster training, Sanavakhet province
achieved some results. For example, about fostering political theory:
In the period from 2010 to 2017, the whole province had 376 civil
servants participating in advanced theory training courses. For
intermediate political classes, there were 150 officers attending the
training course in 2010, so the total number of civil servants with
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intermediate level of political theory was 2545 people. Then, 235
people had participated in the intermediate training course in
political theory in 2017 so the total number of civil servants with
intermediate level of political theory was 4445 people. From 2010 to
2017 Sanavakhet province cooperated with Lao National Academy
of Politics and Administration to open 08 advanced level courses in
Political - Administrative Theory (376 students with 288 students
that were graduated); 58 classes of Intermediate Political Theory Administration.
The province has organized 15 training courses of the
Specialist program and 07 training courses of the Master program for
7 years with state management knowledge so the total number of
specialists was 12376 people, (increasing 3820 people compared to

2010). The number of pricipal specialists raises 13.2% in 2017, go up
4% compared to 2010. Besides, Sanavakhet province has sent 45
leaders at Department level and equivalent to train state management
knowledge of senior specialist programs which is organized by the
National Academy of Politics and Administration in Vientiane City.
Fostering defense and security knowledge: From 2010 to
2017, Sanavakhet province sent 2445 civil servants to participate in
national defense and security knowledge training to implementation
of a number of ordinances and decrees of the state.
Professional level: with foster training officers at a high level
such as Doctorate, Master, Specialization I, and Specialization II at
home and abroad. (There were 281 post-graduate people training in
the country, 18 people training abroad in Vietnam, Thailand, the
United States, Korea, China, ...in 2017 ) and 29 people went to
university by election.
3.2.2.3. Organizing training and fostering of civil servants
- The training facility:

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School of Politics - Administration of Sanavakhet province is
a non-business unit directly under the Provincial Party Committee
and the Provincial People's Committee. Every year, Sanavakhet
Provincial People's Committee approved training and retraining plan
after that School of Politics - Administration meets with agencies to
discuss some contents such as object of training, fostering
enrollment, how to learn program content, class opening time,
number of school days....
From 2010 to 2017, the School of Politics - Administration of

Sanavakhet province has organized many training and retraining
courses for example training intermediate classes in Political Administrative Theory, with 1701 students; Organized training
courses for specialist, with 3271 students; Organized training courses
for principal specialist with 871 students; Organized training courses
on teaching methods of political theory for lecturers of politicaladministrative center of district and the Party Committee of the
province; Fostering Party and Union work with 06 classes with 635
students.
- Regime and funding for training of civil servants
Unit: million kip
Year

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014 2015

2016 2017

Funding

2946

3862

3980

4091

4204 4327

4419 4787

(Source: Sanavakhet Provincial Department of Home Affairs, 2018)
- Teaching staff
In addition to improving the qualifications and skills for
officers, the People's Committee of Sanavakhet province also pays
great attention to create favorable conditions to improve teaching
skills and professional qualifications of the School of Politics and
Administration in Sanavakhet province. The survey shows that 789
officers (equivalent to 31.8%) think that lecturers from universities
and colleges will be the most suitable and effective choice when
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participating in teaching training classes. Central experts are 29.9%
(743 votes) and local rapporteurs are 26.3% (654 votes). In addition,
some civil servants also suggested that training and retraining
content is combined by lecturers and experts in each field.
- Curricula and materials for training and fostering
Through the author's survey with 2500 civil servants from
departments and districts in Sanavakhet province, it was found that
1588 people (equivalent to 63.9% of officers) who say that materials
and curriculum of training courses are updated regularly. Training
and retraining materials and contents are also prepared meticulously.
When conducting the survey, with the question on the criterion

"Quality of documents (photocopy, printing)", the author received
the following results: very good rating with 768 votes; good level of
876 votes. 1644 people (66.5%) rated it as very good and good about
the quality of photocopying, printing of documents, content of
training and fostering courses for public servants. Only 11.3 officers
(287 people) said that they found the preparation activities of
documents, photocopying and printing is still weak. Besides, there
were 36.5% and equivalent to 908 officers said that the textbooks of
training and retraining are highly practical.
- Regarding the implementation of regimes and policies for
training and fostering of officers
From 2010 to 2017, the city dealted with 786 postgraduate
students with fee allowance. After graduating from training programs
753 civil servants were approved by the city so they were raised their
salary according to regulations. Moreover, they were received their
salary according to the qualifications that they have been trained.
According to the surveys, 35% officers said that Sanavakhet
province had very good remuneration for public servants
participating in training and retraining courses, and 40% respondents
said that Sanavakhet province has good remuneration. And only 5%
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civil servants rated weakly, poorly on the province's remuneration
for public servants.
3.2.2.4. Inspection and evaluation of civil servants
The Organizing Committee of the Provincial Party Committee
and the Department of Home Affairs are two agencies that evaluate
the quality of public service training. First, they are evaluation form
of students about the training content, the quality of the teaching

staff, materials, and facilities for learning, organization and
management of the classroom; second, it is collected by opinions of
agencies that send public servants to study.
The evaluation of civil servant training in Sanavakhet province
is using assessment methods through analysis of the evaluation forms
of civil servants sent to cadres after the course in order to collect
evaluation information from learners nowadays. At the end of the
course, the class manager will summarize the students' votes based
on the evaluation scale and the students' comments. That will be the
foundation for summarizing, drawing experience and improving the
quality of civil service training courses in Sanavakhet province.
3.2.3. Some limitations and reasons
3.2.3.1. Some limitations
First, the identification of training and retraining needs of civil
servants of agencies in the province has not been seriously
implemented and still heavy on formality in terms of planning for
training and retraining of public servants.
Second, the contingent of civil servants is not synchronized
between quantity, quality and structure in terms of organization and
implementation of training and assessment. The current content of
foster training is still unbalanced. The teaching method is teacher –
centered which is still heavy on presentation, students listen and take
notes. Despite efforts to innovate, there is still a situation that is
running after numbers, not sending right students, not studying the
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right majors that need training. The facilities and equipment for
training facilities are still limited. Third, the assessment and
inspection of foster traning activities is still weak and has not been

implemented effectively.
3.2.3.2 Causes of limitations
First, committee member and local governments of the
province do not really appriciate the importance of training, fostering
and improving the quality of cadres and civil servants..
Second, Sanavakhet province currently lacks regulations
on training and fostering public officers.
Third, facilities serving the training and retraining civil
servants in the province are still limited, with little investment in
funding, facilities, teaching equipment. The teaching staff is not still
capable and the teaching method has not been updated in accordance
with the current development trend.
Fourth, domestic and international cooperation in training
and fostering officers in Sanavakhet province has not yet been
implemented effectively.
Fifth, training and fostering activities for officers applies
science, technology and information slowly.
CHAPTER 4
ORIENTATION AND SOLUTION FOR TRAINING AND
FOSTERING OF CADRES AND CIVIL SERVANTS IN
SAVANNAKHET PROVINCE, LAO PDR
4.1. Perfect Orientation of training and fostering of
cadres and civil servants in Savannakhet province, Lao PDR
4.1.1. Viewpoint of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party
on training and fostering the contingent of cadres and civil
servants
- Continue consistently and apply Marxism-Leninism and
Kaysone Phomvihane's thought.
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- Continue to build and consolidate ideological politics,
carry out two strategic tasks along the line of comprehensive and
principled renewal.
- Strengthen consensus of nation under the leadership of
the Party; to ensure the preservation of revolutionary achievements
and territorial sovereignty of the nation.
- To consistent
to the foreign policy of peace,
independence, friendship and co-operation , actively integrate into
the international region, and expand relations with neighbor
countries.
- Develop human resource as a decisive factor for national
development in the new period.
In order to improve the effectiveness of the training and
retraining of civil servants, the Organization Committee of the
Central Committee of the Lao People's Democratic Party has set the
task of carrying out cadre planning that must be associated with
training and retraining and fostering cadres to improve the level and
capacity to perform the tasks of the Lao civil service. For the training
program, it is necessary to renew the curriculum and teaching
materials to suit each officers; suitable for each specific leadership
and management position.
4.1.2. Direction of training and fostering the contingent of
cadres and civil servants in Sanavakhet province
Training and fostering of officers must be based on the
employment position, standards of ranks, standards of leadership and
management positions, titles and human resource of agencies, and
must ensure the rights and autonomy in communication activities of
management agencies; the combination of decentralization and

competition in traning and fostering cadres and officers; uphold the
role of self-study and the rights of officers in selecting training
programs according to job positions. The appointment of public
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servants to the training center must ensure publicity, transparency
and efficiency, and at the same time must be associated with the
implementation of priority policies for cadres and civil servants
holding leadership and management positions; Public officials are
female; cadres and civil servants who are ethnic minorities; Objects
in the vicinity, source, young age, capable of development.
Allocating officers to the training courses must ensure publicity,
transparency and efficiency, associated with the implementation of
priority policies for cadres and civil servants holding leadership and
management positions. Officers are female; cadres and civil servants
are ethnic minorities; Objects in the vicinity, source, young age,
capable of development should be priority.
4.1.3. Objectives of training and fostering the contingent of
cadres and civil servants in Sanavakhet province
+ Training:
- Training at intermediate, college and university levels for
public servants in accordance with the development conditions and
requirements of each region.
- Training at university level for public servants in case the
agency that reorganized but they cannot arrange jobs suitable to their
previously trained expertise.
- Post-graduate training is suitable to employment positions,
ensuring according to planning and human resource development
requirements of agencies and localities.

- Encourage self-study and post-graduate training in
accordance with their expertise, associated with long-term use
planning to meet the requirements of building high-quality human
resources, industrialization and modernization. globalization and
international integration.
+ Fostering:

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- Fostering political theory according to prescribed standards.
Updating contents of documents, resolutions and guidelines of the
Party; improving the level of political theory according to
regulations.
- Fostering knowledge and skills of state management
according to the standards of civil servant titles; standards of
leadership and management positions.
- Update legal knowledge, organizational culture, raise
awareness of public service ethics and professional ethics.
- Fostering knowledge of national defense - security
according to the prescribed programs for civil servants.
- Update and improve knowledge and capacity for
international integration.
- Fostering computer knowledge and foreign languages
according to prescribed standards.
+ Training abroad focuses on the following contents:
Postgraduate qualifications for public servants; Informatics, foreign
languages (priority of training in English); Leading experts in the
fields; Training abroad focuses on the following contents: Public
administration management; State management in specialized fields

or fields; Organizational building and human resource development;
Public policy, public service; Knowledge of international integration.
4.2. Solution to complete the training and retraining of
cadres and civil servants in Savanakhet province, Lao PDR
4.2.1. Raise awareness of all levels and sectors on training
and fostering activities for cadres and civil servants
The Party Committee and People's Committee of the province
should be think that building and improving the capacity of public
officials in the province is the most important solution . Investment
in training and development of civil servants must be considered.
Moreover, it is an important task of the Party, State, authorities and
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Sanavakhet province. Foster training that is a regular and lifelong
task of cadres and civil servants, must be carried out synchronously
with the renovation of planning, recruitment, usage, evaluation and
implementation of policies for cadres and civil servants; Besides, it
must associate personnel policies with quality and efficiency. It is
motivation to encourage public servants to constantly strive to study
and improve their working capacity.
The province should promulgate regulations on training of
civil servants and public servants soon with specific regulations that
are specified on standards, subjects to be sent for training,
decentralization, and instructions and procedures in training.
Building a contingent of qualified civil servants to meet the
requirements of international integration, the province should have
policies to encourage cadres to study; concretize the rights and
responsibilities of public servants in choosing the program, place and
time to participate in training courses in accordance with their

situation and position.
4.2.2. Improving the quality of training and retraining
plans for cadres and civil servants
In order to training and fostering of civil servants in
Sanavakhet province with contents suitable according to local needs
and achieve the highest efficiency within their own resources, it is
necessary to plan meticulous training with strategic vision.
On the basis of the content, the process of developing the
Sanavakhet province's plan can apply the following four steps:
Identifying training needs; Determine training content; Anticipate
foster training plan; Planned mode of organization.
4.2.3. Strengthening the management of public service
training activities
It is necessary to strengthen the management of foster training of the
provincial civil servants. The Department of Home Affairs should
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coordinate with relevant departments and branches such as the
Organization Committee of the Provincial Party Committee, the
Department of Finance, the School of Politics and Administration of
Savanakhet province to develop a coordination mechanism from
planning, enrollment, opening classes to the management and
evaluation of training courses of civil servants. Moreover, it is assign
autonomy and self-responsibility to management agencies, using
public officials and training institutions.
It strengthens the state management through the plan on
foster training officers. On the basis of documents of the central
government, the province needs to concretize into documents on
training public servants to suit the actual conditions in the province.

Besides, it formulates and completes regimes and policies of foster
training.
It is necessary to strengthen the inspection, examination and
supervision of foster training public servants. There are appropriate
policies and regimes to promote effectively.
Building and improving the quality of teaching staff for
public servants is really important. It is necessary to encourage the
scientific research of the teaching staff of the training institutions,
especially the valuable scientific research works to be applied and
promoted in practice.
There should be invested in material and technical facilities
for training facilities and preferential policies for public servants.
4.2.4. Renovating foster training programs content of
officers
Renovating foster training programs content of officers must
be associated with the innovation of teaching and learning methods.
Accordingly, the organization and compilation of programs and
documents must be conducted through the needs of identification

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activities; ensure the participation of cadres and civil servants and
agencies.
With socio-economic development conditions and
information technology in Sanavakhet province, it is highly
appropriate for applying E-learning online.
4.2.5. Changing the method of training and fostering of
cadres and civil servants
First, it diversifies forms of foster traning public officials,

combining formal training with in-service, short-term training. The
training facilities can also apply the flexible training model.
Second, it increases active teaching methods usage that
means motivate students to interact, actively exchange and discuss.
Futhermore, it expands on the case teaching method so it is possible
to take the situations in public administration management,
administrative personnel management... to include in the curriculum.
Third, it is necessary to strength inspection, supervision and
evaluation of results of training and evaluation of civil servants
which based on 3 criteria: knowledge, skills, attitudes. Evaluation of
lectures includes: knowledge of lecturers; teaching methods; style
and attitude of lecturers and overall assessment of the level of
achievement of course objectives.
4.2.6. Capacity building for Savanakhet Provincial School
of Politics and Administration
Savanakhet Provincial School of Politics and Administration
trains for civil servants in the political system of the province.
Therefore, strengthening the operational capacity of the School of
Politics - Administration of Savanakhet province is a prerequisite
solution in the successful implementation of foster training
objectives of Sanavakhet province Therefore, it is necessary to
improve the quality of the teaching staff; diversify forms of training

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for public officials; increase investment in facilities and equipment;
increase financial support for foster training.
4.2.7. Strengthening international cooperation in training
and fostering of cadres and civil servants

There should be criteria to select foreign partners to
cooperate with Sanavakhet Province to deploy training activities for
public officials. Accordingly, a number of criteria can be applied to
select a partner:
1) The partner is recognized and tested in the host country.
2) The degree that the learner receives is equivalent to the degree in
the host country and is recognized in many countries around the
world;
3) It is priority these countries with the same political system,
socialist countries and English-speaking countries.
In order to conduct cooperation and association for foster
training of officers, the province can conduct a number of activities
as follows: searching for partners, being deployment of joint training
for public servants, planning enrollment, selecting qualified public
servants to participate in related courses connected foster training
with other partners
CONCLUSION
The thesis has achieved the following results:
Firstly, an overview of the research situation related to the
thesis topic, thereby specifying the achieved results and analyzing
the open issues that need to spend more time for deeper and more
detailed research. Overall, the author has inherited the results that
have been obtained, finding gaps for further research.
Second, it builds a theoretical basis for the training of civil
servants. Accordingly, the author has clarified the concept,
characteristics, role and content of the training activities of public
officials.
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