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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION & TRAINING

HCMC UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION
______________________________________

LAM THI THUY PHUONG

SEA-ISLAND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
IN PHU YEN PROVINCE
Major: Geography
Code: 62310501

SUMMARY OF THE DISSERTATION IN GEOGRAPHY

Ho Chi Minh City - 2021


The dissertation is completed at
HCMC UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION
Supervisors:
1. Dr. TRUONG VAN TUAN
2. Assoc.Dr. PHAM XUAN HAU

Reviewer 1:

Assoc.Prof.Dr. Nguyen Thi Son
Hanoi National University of Education

Reviewer 2:

Assoc.Prof.Dr. Nguyen Thi Trang Thanh


Vinh University

Reviewer 3:

Assoc.Prof.Dr. Dao Ngoc Canh
Can Tho University

The dissertation will be defensed in front of the institutional-level dissertation
grading committee at Ho Chi Minh City University of Education
at ………… on ………. 2021.

Can find the dissertation at the library:
- National Library of Vietnam
- Library of Ho Chi Minh City University of Education
- Library of General Science in Ho Chi Minh city


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INTRODUCTION
1. Rationale
Sea-island tourism (SIT) is a type that is increasingly becoming a trend and
attracting many tourists around the world. Therefore, most of the countries with the
advantage of the sea choose this type of tourism as the driving force to play a key
role, making tourism a key economic sector of the country.
Phu Yen is one of 28 provinces and cities bordering the sea, in the South Central
Coast region, with a coastline of 189km. With its advantages, the province has
identified tourism as a key economic sector in the socio-economic development
strategy. Being aware of its significance, over the years, researches on the
development of the SIT in Phu Yen have been interested by many industries,

organizations and scientists from different angles.
However, so far, there has not been any in-depth research, assessment of
influencing factors, analysis of the current situation of SIT under the perspective of
tourism geography - an interdisciplinary, territorial space oriented science.
Stemming from the above reasons, the author chooses the topic “Sea-island
tourism development in Phu Yen province” for research. The research results can
be applied to propose solutions and strategic planning for tourism development in
Phu Yen province in the integration period.
2. Aim
On the basis of an overview of documents and works related to the topic. The
main objective of the dissertation is to evaluate the potentials of the sea-island
tourism; to analyze the current situation of sea-island tourism development in Phu
Yen province; then, to propose orientations and solutions to develop sea-island
tourism of Phu Yen province to 2025 with a vision to 2030.
3. Objectives
To achieve the set goals, the dissertation focuses on solving the following tasks:
- An overview of domestic and foreign studies in order to systematize the
theoretical and practical basis of sea-island tourism;
- Determining criteria to evaluate the development of sea - island tourism in Phu
Yen province;
- Evaluating factors affecting the development of SIT in Phu Yen province;
- Analysing the current situation of SIT in Phu Yen province;
- Proposing orientations and some solutions to develop football tourism in Phu
Yen province to 2025 with a vision to 2030.
4. Objects of the research
- Object of the research is the tourism resources to develop Phu Yen sea-island
tourism;
- Objects of investigation: tourists, authorities, local residents, tourism service
businesses, experts, relevant state management units in tourism in the province.
5. Scope of the research

- Content: Focusing on studying factors affecting the development of SIT in Phu
Yen province, in which, focusing deeply on sea-island tourism resources;


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Analysing the current situation of SIT development in Phu Yen province in terms
of geography. By industry, it is based on criteria (tourists, tourism revenue, tourism
technical infrastructure, ...). By territory, we focus on a number of forms of tourism
territory organizations: SIT sites, SIT routes.
- Territory: Phu Yen province. The dissertation focuses on the scope of the
research on administrative units with potential for sea-island tourism such as: Dong
Hoa district-level town, Tuy Hoa city, Tuy An district and Song Cau district-level
town.
- Time: Focusing on research in the period 2009 - 2019; primary data surveyed
and investigated in 2019; forecast time to 2025, vision to 2030.
6. Literature review
6.1. In the world
Pirojnik II said that: "Tourism is a clearly resource-oriented industry", the
author group CA Gunn: Designing Tourist Regions introduced a model of the
tourism system and a process, specifically derived from the case of recreation
planning for the Michigan peninsula. Gunn is also the editor of "Tourism Planning:
Basics, Concepts, Cases"; C.M. Hall considers the issue of territorial planning in
relation to the tourism development policy of the country and regions at the lower
level.
The research works on the SIT include the work "Island tourism: management
principles and practice". From a topical perspective, in the work "Tourism,
Globalization and Development" refers to issues related to tourism territory in the
context of globalization; "Marine Tourism: Development, Impacts and
Management". Mark Orams of the Center for Tourism Studies at Massey

University, Albany, New Zealand said that the sea creates many opportunities for
recreational and tourism purposes; The book “Climate change And Island and
Croastal Vulnerability” by Sundaresan et al., the authors assessed the increasing
risks from climate change in coastal communities; the book “Community
integration: Island tourism in Peru” by R.E Mitchell, D.G Reid - Annals of tourism
research; The book "Tourism and development in tropical islands: political ecology
perspectives" mentions that political ecology is a powerful tool for investigating
the role and interests of different parties.
In the report, Global Trends in Coastal Tourism by Martha Honey and David
Krantz, on the basis of analysis and providing tools for research and development
of sustainable tourism, analyzed current trends as well as tested hypotheses about
the driver programs behind marine and coastal tourism activities.
6.2. In Vietnam
- In the whole country:
+ From the perspective of SIT development planning, there are works: "Master
plan on economic development of Vietnam's sea, coastal areas and islands up to
2010" chaired by the Ministry of Planning and Investment; or "Project on
development of tourism and coastal areas until 2020" and the book "Strategy for
development of tourism in Vietnam to 2020 and vision to 2030; Relating to the


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directions of economic development of marine and island tourism in a sustainable
way, Le Duc To has the study "Scientific arguments on the model of ecological
economic development on a number of islands and island clusters selected for
Vietnam's coastal regions"; Research on "Some breakthrough solutions to develop
coastal and marine tourism" and "Strategy for tourism development to 2020 with a
vision to 2030" approved by the Prime Minister in Decision 2473/QD-TTg , dated
December 30, 2011, determining the priority direction of tourism development

associated with sea and island.
+ The Institute of Geography, as one of the units that research and evaluate
resources for socio-economic development of sea-island areas, has also actively
participated in national research programs. Those are the works “Assessment of
natural conditions, natural resources and socio-economic conditions of coastal
island systems in the marine economic development strategy” in 1995 and “Theory
and methodology of assessment of natural conditions and resources for the purpose
of socio-economic development in coastal island districts of Vietnam”; Project
"Development of sea-island tourism and coastal areas until 2020" of the Ministry
of Culture, Sports and Tourism, 2013; the topic “Research on building sea and
island tourism products in Northern tourism region”; Uong Dinh Khanh, Institute
of Geography with the project "The potential for tourism development of the
coastal island system of Vietnam" has assessed the potential in terms of nature,
humanity, infrastructure and tourism types of the system of coastal islands.
- In Phu Yen: “Phu Yen - Potential for development of SIT”; The topic "Basis
for learning and implementing development of marine tourism products in Xuan
Dai Bay and its vicinity"; In the Decision No. 2127 / QD-TTg dated December 29,
2017 of the Prime Minister approving the "Master plan on development of the
National Tourism Area of Xuan Dai Bay, Phu Yen province to 2030", this is also a
necessary document for research process of Phu Yen sea-island tourism.
The above-mentioned works help the author to orientate in the research on the
current situation of tourism development, especially the system of methods to be
implemented when assessing tourism resources and services of coastal localities in
Phu Yen province.
7. Viewpoints and research methods
To carry out this dissertation, the author uses 5 points of view and 7 methods,
which are Territorial perspective; General view; System view; Historical
perspective view; Ecological perspective and sustainable development; Research
methods: Methods of collecting, analyzing and synthesizing documents; Statistical
methods; Field survey method; Professional method; Methods of sociological

investigation; Mapping and GIS methods; Synthetic scoring method.
8. The approach
To evaluate the development of sea-island tourism, the thesis approaches in the
following directions: approach to tourism resources; approach by tourist area;
approach with the participation of stakeholders and approach from the perspective
of tourism supply and demand.


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9. Contributions
- Inheriting, supplementing and clarifying the theoretical and practical basis for
the development of physical tourism. Determine the criteria for evaluating the
development of sports tourism for Phu Yen province.
- Clarifying the strengths and limitations of factors affecting the development
of sports tourism in Phu Yen province.
- Clearly state the achievements and limitations of the actual development of
sea-island tourism in Phu Yen province.
- Propose some basic solutions to effectively develop sea - island tourism
activities in Phu Yen province in the near future to become a sea - island tourism
destination of the South Central Coast region.
10. Structure of the dissertation
In addition to the introduction, conclusion, list of references, appendices, maps,
the thesis is structured in three chapters:
Chapter 1: Theoretical and practical basis for the development of sea-island
tourism;
Chapter 2: Influencing factors and the actual situation of the development of
sea-island tourism in Phu Yen province;
Chapter 3: Orientation and solutions to develop the sea-island tourism of Phu
Yen province to 2025, vision to 2030.

CHAPTER 1. THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS ON
SEA-ISLAND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
1.1. Theoretical basis on sea-island tourism development
1.1.1. Some concepts and related content
- Sea-island tourism (SIT): SIT is a type of tourism developed on the basis of
exploiting resources in the sea-island area.Aassociated with this type of resource
are activities such as swimming, sunbathing, water sports to satisfy needs of rest,
treatment, entertainment and recreation of tourists in the sea area. In addition, there
are many authors who have their own views when studying tourism.
- Tourism development: It is the exploitation and rational use of marine and
island resources, tourism facilities, human resources and other resources to satisfy
the needs of tourists.
1.1.2. Characteristics and role of sea-island tourism in socio-economic
development
- Characteristics The activities of SIT are greatly influenced by climate and weather
factors; SIT is organized mainly in the "coastal area"; Investment in infrastructure,
technical facilities serving the SIT is often difficult and complicated; The development
of SIT has a close relationship with other marine economic sectors.
- Role: The development of tourism has an important role in the socio-economic
development of a country, especially the coastal strip and islands, affecting the
whole economic field; society and the field of security - defense.


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1.1.3. Principles of development of sea - island tourism
Firstly, the development of SIT must be carried out in a harmonious relationship
with other economic sectors. Secondly, it is associated with exploiting the
advantages of tourism resources of sea and islands, combined with exploitation of
humanistic tourism resources of sea and islands as well as their conservation. Third,

it is suitable for the capacity of sea and island areas. Fourth, it is associated with
the work of ensuring national security.
1.1.4. Classification of resources, products and types of sea and island tourism
- Classification of SIT resources includes: natural tourism resources; cultural
tourism. In addition, status is considered a special and important and valuable
resource in tourism development.
- Type of sea - island tourism: The PhD student inherits and applies the
classification of author Pham Trung Luong to conduct the dissertation. It is based
on the purpose of the trip, including two types of tourism: travelling according to
interests, desires and travelling according to obligations, responsibilities.
- SIT products are collection of services on the basis of exploiting the value of
sea - island tourism resources to satisfy the needs of tourists.

Classification chart of types of marine tourism (Pham Trung Luong, 2003)

1.1.5. Factors affecting the development of sea - island tourism
The dissertation examines the factors affecting the development of tourism
tourism from the perspective of directly affecting the content of tourism
development, affecting the supply and demand of tourism, including Position
resources; Travel resources; Infrastructure and technical facilities; Sea-island
tourism development planning; Ancillary service system for sea and island tourism;
The natural environment and the assurance of security - defense; Seasonality of
SIT; Participation of the local community in the provision of a number of tourism
services; Impact of climate change; and Regional Links.
1.1.6. Criteria to evaluate the development of sea - island tourism
- By industry: Tourists; revenue; Labor; technical facilities.
- By territory (provincial level): The dissertation will develop criteria for
evaluating forms of territorial organization of sea - island tourism including tourist
spots and routes.
a. Tourist spots: Through practical survey and inheritance of previous studies,

the researcher selected 8 criteria and determined a ladder (5 steps according to the
degree of convenience) and the coefficients according to the degree of influence,


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importance to exploitation for the development of provincial SIT, then determining
the corresponding rating score. Coefficient 3: Attractiveness, technical facilitiesservices, operating time; Coefficient 2: Location and accessibility, environment,
ability to link, organization and management; Factor 1: Capacity.
b. Tourist route: Coefficient 3 is the average number of tourism resources in the
route; attractiveness of tourism resources; time can operate tourism; Factor 2:
convenience in terms of transportation; the synchronization of facilities. From the
above criteria, the evaluation scores for the criteria are determined by four levels
4,3,2,1.
Table of results of evaluating the level of convenience, Phu Yen sea-island route
No.
1
2
3
4

Tourist spots
Evaluation level
Very convenient
Convenient
Quite convenient
Inconvenient

Score
72 - 90

54 - 71
36 - 53
18 - 35

No.
1
2
3

Tourist routes
Evaluation level
Score
Very convenient
39 - 52
Convenient
26 - 38
Inconvenient
13 - 25
(Source: Author)

1.2. Practical basis on sea-island tourism development
The dissertation has generalized the experience of developing SIT of a number
of countries with sea - islands such as: Experience in developing land tourism of
Thailand; Malaysia; Indonesia. In Vietnam, the dissertation inherits the experience
of developing SIT in a number of typical provinces of Vietnam and the South
Central Coast such as the experience of developing SIT in Danang; Khanh Hoa;
and Binh Thuan province.
CHAPTER 2. AFFECTING FACTORS AND CURRENT SITUATION
OF SEA-ISLAND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN PHU YEN PROVINCE
2.1. Overview of Phu Yen province

2.1. Factors affecting the development of sea-island tourism in Phu Yen
province
Phu Yen is a coastal province of South Central Coast. It borders Binh Dinh
province to the North, Khanh Hoa to the South, Dak Lak and Gia Lai to the West,
the East Sea to the East Sea with a coastline of 189 km. Natural area of the province:
5,060.70 km2, accounting for 1.53% of the total natural area of the country. There
are 09 administrative units, including 4 districts and towns bordering the sea:
TuyAn district, SongCau town, Dong Hoa town and Tuy Hoa.
2.1.1. Position resources
- Natural position: The coastal area of Phu Yen has a full range of position
resources such as estuaries, lagoons, bays, islands, ... creating the characteristics of
the coastal area in terms of geomorphology. In terms of geology, most of the coastal
hills and islands are made of magma rock, both intrusive and erupting, creating
many attractive landscapes, many scenic spots, many valuable geomorphological
and geological heritages: Xuan Dai Bay, Ganh Da Dia, ...


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- Economic position: Phu Yen has National Highway 1A and North-South
railway running through, National Highway 25 connecting Gia Lai, National
Highway 29 connecting Dak Lak province, Vung Ro seaport and Tuy Hoa airport
in the south. North - South, East - West traffic routes, seaports, airports, etc. create
favorable conditions for economic, cultural and tourism cooperation and exchange
between Phu Yen and other provinces in the region, nationally and internationally.
- Political position: Valuable for delimiting national boundaries and sovereignty
at sea. Dai Lanh Cape of Phu Yen is the easternmost point on the mainland of
Vietnam, it is also an important eastern defense area of the province, the South
Central Coast and the Central Highlands.
2.1.2. Travel resources

- Natural tourism resources:
+ Topographic: Coastal plains; Beach and coast terrain.
+ Sea - island climate: The sea - island area of Phu Yen province is located in a
climate zone with basic characteristics of the tropical monsoon region, which is
relatively favorable for the development of geotourism.
+ Hydrology: Regarding hydrology, there are about 50 large and small rivers
creating an abundant source of fresh water. In addition, there are about 21,000
hectares of water surface in lagoons, bays and estuaries creating a unique coastal
ecological area. Phu Yen has many mineral water sources discovered such as: Tra
O, Triem Duc (Dong Xuan); Phu Sen (Phu Hoa). About the oceanography: The
tides in Phu Yen sea belong to the irregular diurnal tide regime. In addition, the
marine - island ecosystem is very rich, which is convenient in organizing visitors
to visit ecotourism, entertainment, discovery tourism, ...
+ Natural resources of lagoons, bays, sea - islands: Play an important role in
developing the province's geotourism. The lagoon, bays, and a system of beaches
are distributed stretching from the north of Cu Mong to the south of Vung Ro. It is
an ideal place for leisure activities, entertainment, picnics, camping, swimming,
scuba diving and enjoying seafood specialties.
- Cutural tourism resources:
+ Material cultural tourism resources: The most typical one is the Tomb of Ong
Fish (Nam Hai god). In addition, there are historical sites of Phu Yen associated with
the sea and islands such as: Vung Lam historical relic; The unnumbered wharf
historical site at Bai Chua, Vung Ro bay; Temple of Thien YaNa.
+ Intangible cultural tourism resources: Festivals in Phu Yen are quite rich
associated with culture and labor in sea-island area such as: Cau Ngu festival; Tam
Giang river and water festival; O Loan lagoon boat race; Da Rang river boat racing
festival; Da Nong river boat racing festival; Along with that, there are traditional
folk craft villages that have existed for a long time such as making fish sauce,
making salt, building ships, knitting nets, farming, catching and processing
seafood. Besides, the cuisine of the sea - island is one of the cultural tourism

activities that stimulate the development of tourism tourism because most tourists
have a need to eat when traveling.


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2


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2.1.3. Tourism infrastructure and technical facilities
- Tourism infrastructure:
+ Traffic:
In terms of roads: Upgrading and expanding National Highway 1A through Phu
Yen and upgrading roads in the province. Investing in building and putting into use
the Tuy Hoa to Vung Ro route, the Doc Lap route, Long Thuy - Ganh Da Dia; the
Deo Ca - Khanh Hoa road tunnel, upgrading the road to Hai Dang - Mui Dien. The
sea route system is being completed and put into use such as: Xuan Thinh port, An
Hoa port, …
In terms of sea route: Vung Ro Port is being invested heavily to meet the
requirements of visiting the Ho Chi Minh Road at sea and the relic of the
unumbered ship.
In terms of airline route: There is Dong Tac airport that can serve 300
passengers and two A321 aircrafts during peak hours. Currently, Vietnam Airlines,
Vietjet Air, Jetstar Pacific and Bamboo are operating round-trip routes from Hanoi
and Ho Chi Minh City to Tuy Hoa with a frequency of 8 times/trip/day.
+ Communication: Currently, there are about 6 mobile phone service providers
in the locality, the usage rate is 50 phones/100 people (2015); Internet service is

quite good, the connection is relatively stable.
+ Electricity: the national grid system is increasingly being expanded. In
addition to the national 110KV power network, Phu Yen also has a 70MW Song
Hinh hydroelectric plant that has been connected to the national grid. In addition,
there are relatively small-scale hydropower plants such as: Ba Ha River, Krong
Nang;
+ Water: Regarding domestic water, the province currently has 6 factories
supplying water to serve Tuy Hoa city, neighboring areas and Hoa Hiep industrial
park. Simultaneously, the province also builds a number of new water supply plants
for districts and towns.
- Tourism technical infrastructure:
+ Accommodation service providers: Constantly investing in tourist
accommodation establishments, the province currently has over 150 tourist
accommodation establishments; there are two 5-star hotels, two 4-star hotels, three
3-star hotels, five 2-star hotels, fifty 1-star hotels, one villa and one standard
homestay, more than 60 standard motels;
+ Catering establishments: With 120 dining establishments inside the
accommodation establishment with 40,500 seats and 350 outside dining
establishments with 20,000 seats; However, the number of standard dining
establishments serving tourists is still not much compared to the rich culinary
potential of the locality;
+ Facilities providing sightseeing, sports, entertainment and entertainment
services have been put into operation such as Sala, Rosa, ... but the beach area is
still unspoiled, not worthy of its potential.


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+ Transportation service providers: there are over 20 suppliers with the number
of vehicles not exceeding 20 vehicles/enterprise. The rental service of other means

of transportation such as taxis, motorbikes, canoes, etc. has the quantity and quality
which have not yet met the sightseeing needs of tourists;
+ Goods service providers: Phu Yen is not yet a locality capable of meeting the
shopping needs of tourists. Currently, the whole province has only a few
establishments selling some souvenirs and local specialties.
2.1.4. The planning and development of sea-island tourism in Phu Yen province
Focusing resources on the development of sea-island tourism to bring about the
highest efficiency commensurates with the existing potential of the province such
as: creating a specific mechanism and procedures for investors; adopting policies
to support the construction of facilities for displaying and selling souvenirs,
specialties, means of transport of tourists, tourist piers; encouraging tourism
enterprises to invest in developing specific tourism products; having policies to
protect the natural environment, culture, etc.
2.1.5. Ancillary tourism service system for sea-island tourism
- Health system: Compared to the national average, the province has a low
number of hospitals, general clinics, commune/ward health stations, other medical
facilities and a low total number of hospital beds. At some beaches with many
tourists, only a rescue force is arranged, there is no first aid team; The remaining
areas are not equipped with protective equipment, when an incident occurs, it is
difficult to ensure the safety of visitors.
- Banking - insurance services: banks such as Vietcombank, Vietinbank,
Agribank, BIDV, etc. are increasingly improved; branches are widely distributed
in the province; There are 3 companies participating in travel insurance: Bao Viet,
Bao Minh and PJICO.
2.1.6. Natural environment and assurance of sea - island security and defense
- Natural environment: It is home to many very beautiful beaches, still
preserving the wild look. The ecological environment has not been polluted. This
is a favorable condition for Phu Yen to develop specific types of tourism. However,
with the development of tourism recently, the natural environment of Phu Yen has
changed somewhat. The amount of garbage and wastewater from tourism activities

is only rudimentary treatment for deposition and then discharged into the marine
environment at beaches and coastal tourist areas: Long Thuy, Bai Xep, Bai Bau,
Nhat Tu Son tourist resort, etc.
- Assurance of sea-island security and defense: Phu Yen has consolidated the
national defense of all people, associated with the people's security posture,
creating a healthy environment for tourists.
2.1.7. Seasonality of sea - island tourism
The province's tourism exploitation time is mainly concentrated in the summer
months, from April to September every year. In the remaining months, most of the
tourism activities in the sea - islands are not or are insignificant.


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2.1.8. Involvement of the local community in the provision of some services
Activities of local communities participating in providing tourism services
affect the quality of tourism development. To develop sea-island tourism, Phu Yen
needs to orient, pays more attention to and controls the participation of local
communities in activities such as providing essential goods for tourism,
accommodation services, and food establishments, popular food and drink, etc. and
at the same time encourages the development of traditional craft village products
in the sea and islands to serve the needs of tourists.
2.1.9. Impact of climate change
The phenomenon of rain, storms, floods, prolonged flooding has damaged many
tourism service works, historical and cultural relics and natural resources. Sea level
rise affects coastal beaches. The increase in extreme weather events directly affects
passenger transport activities.
2.1.10. Regional link
Regional linkages in the development of sea-island tourism allow provinces in
the region to exploit each other's similar advantages in terms of sea-island tourism

resources, infrastructure, technical infrastructure and other resources for tourism
development, towards building a brand Tourism of the whole region with
distinctive sea-island tourism products, expanding inter-provincial and interregional tourist routes, etc. diversifying types, enriching trips for tourists, bringing
benefits for the parties involved, thereby attracting investors.
2.2. Overall assessment of factors affecting the development of Phu Yen seaisland tourism
- Advantages: The seas, islands of Phu Yen are very advantageous in terms of
geographical location. Freshwater resources are quite abundant with large river
systems flowing through the area. The coastal ecosystem is quite typical; rich
marine biological resources, with a coastline of 189km. From Xuan Hai to Vung
Ro, there are many beaches, alternating with many beautiful lagoons, and bays,
many historical sites, many cultural festivals of the coastal population. In addition
to the sea, there are many islands, which are favorable conditions for the
development of sea - island ecotourism. The infrastructure in the districts and towns
with sea - island tourism resources has been invested more than in other areas of
the province, creating a premise for the rapid development of the sea - island
tourism industry.
- Difficulties: Although infrastructure has been invested a lot, but compared to
the development requirements, it is still lacking, thereby it has not played its
inherent advantages in terms of geography. The transport system is not
synchronized; competitiveness is still low, especially in the field of tourism. The
association of tourism with other types of tourism has not been done well; tourism
planning and development has not been focused; the participation of the local
community is still spontaneous; security - defense factors and the impact of climate
change have unpredictable effects on the development of sea-island tourism; Sea
and island biological resources are also gradually being exhausted due to massive


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fishing activities, which significantly affects the sea and island ecosystems of the

province in the present and in the future.
2.3. Situation of development of sea-island tourism in Phu Yen province in the
period of 2009 - 2019
2.3.1. Current situation of sea-island tourism development by industry
2.3.1.1. Tourist market
In the whole period of 2009 - 2019, the number of tourists to Phu Yen has a
relatively sustainable growth rate and increased significantly, especially domestic
tourists. Guests come for the purpose of relaxation - swimming, attending festivals
is the largest. However, this number of visitors is still low compared to the
forecasted targets. The main reason is that some projects are slow to put into
operation, besides that is the inaccurate identification of the flow of tourists and the
markets that send tourists to Phu Yen.
From 2011 until now, visitors to Phu Yen have had many positive changes. In
2011, tourist arrivals to Phu Yen were 530,000, an increase of 47% compared to
2010, of which international visitors reached 30,900 arrivals, an increase of 50.7%
compared to 2010. In 2013, the number of visitors to Phu Yen was 600,000 arrivals,
of which international tourists are 60,000. In 2015, the total number of visitors
increased significantly thanks to the success of the movie "Yellow flowers and
green grass" in 2015, from more than 750,000 arrivals (2014) to 900,000 arrivals
(2015), an increase of nearly 20% over the same period and most is that domestic
tourists increased rapidly while international visitors continued to decline sharply
(mainly Russian visitors).

Number of international and domestic visitors to Phu Yen in the period of 2009 - 2019

a. Domestic passenger: Compared to other provinces in the South Central Coast
such as: Binh Dinh, Khanh Hoa, Ninh Thuan, Binh Thuan, etc., the number of
tourists to Phu Yen is still very modest. From the survey data, it is shown that the
main and most frequent purpose of the tourists' trip is to go to resort; swimming
accounted for 56.2%; sightseeing, exploring nature accounted for 23.5%; learning

culture and history accounted for 12.8%; the percentage of visitors going for


12

business purposes and other purposes accounted for only 7.5%. Therefore, in order
to develop Phu Yen tourism in the upcoming time, it is necessary to focus on
developing types of tourism, entertainment, relaxation, swimming, sightseeing and
natural discovery.
b. International visitors: Phu Yen's international tourist market has grown in
recent years, but still accounts for a very small market share. The purpose of
international visitors to Phu Yen is mainly to enjoy, relax, swim and visit nature.
These two purposes account for over 76.5%, discovering indigenous culture,
cuisine, visiting relatives (23.5%). Structure of international visitors: most of the
market visitors are from China, Japan, Korea (29.4%); followed by visitors from
Russia (19.6%); Southeast Asian countries (17.6%) Australia (11.8%) European
countries (13.7%); other countries accounted for (7.9%).
2.3.1.2. Tourism revenue
Table of tourism revenue in the period of 2009-2019
Revenue
Rate of increase
Tourism revenue has a
Year
(billion dong)
(%)
period of rapid growth
2009
253.800
but also a period of
2010

249.500
-1,7
slow growth. From
2011
450.000
80,4
2009 onwards, Phu
2012
500.000
11,1
Yen has hosted many
2013
540.000
8
unique
national
2014
675.060
25
cultural and artistic
2015
850.000
25,9
programs such as: Sao
2016
997.500
17,4
Mai
rendezvous,
2017

1.245.000
24,8
Vietnam's
charm, ...
2018
1.556.000
25
began to attract the
2019
1.940.000
25
attention of tourists. 2011 was a year of great success for the tourism industry
of Phu Yen province with outstanding tourism revenue thanks to promotional
activities and tourist attraction participating in the national tourism year Phu
Yen - South Central Coast "Sea-island tourism paradise"
From 2014 until now, tourism revenue has been relatively stable and maintained
an average growth rate of 25% per year. By 2019, it has reached over 1.9 billion
VND. Tourism revenue of Phu Yen province has positive changes over time. This
is directly related to the number of visitors, length of stay and spending of tourists
at the destination. In general, over the years, the revenue from tourism of Phu Yen
is quite modest compared to other provinces in the South Central Coast, but it has
also marked a stage of tourism development in Phu Yen in which there are
contributions at some tourist destinations. Although the revenue from sea-island
tourism activities is not high due to low ticket prices, but this shows that Phu Yen
has really paid attention to investing in sea-island tourism sites, showing the
important role of sea - island tourism in the total provincial tourism industry.
Therefore, in developing Phu Yen tourism industry, sea - island tourism should be
paid more attention to develop, to generate high revenue, contributing to total
tourism revenue and total economic income of Phu Yen.




13

2.3.1.3. Labor in the tourism industry
Currently, the province's labor force is 554,138 people, accounting for 63.5%
of the total population; Trained workers with primary vocational certificates or
higher are about 19% of the total number of employed people. The number of
employees working in the service industry is 192,438 people, with university and
college degrees accounting for 9.47 %, intermediate professional level accounting
for 17.1%, elementary level accounting for 25.94% and trained workers joining onthe-job and short-term professional classes accounting for 47.49%. The training,
fostering and development of local tourism human resources are focused. This is
considered an important and decisive factor for the direction of sustainable tourism
development.
In addition to the general situation of tourism human resources in the province,
human resources for sea-island tourism are also lacking and weak, lacking a team
of well-trained and knowledgeable guides and narrators who know much about the
seas and islands in their home province. In addition, the service force for specific
types of sea-island tourism such as diving to see corals, sea-island sports is almost
non-existent (mainly local fishermen and guides support). There are no experts in
marketing and business development strategies, tourism product development,
entertainment business, etc.
2.3.1.4. Technical facilities in tourism
Accommodation: In the period of 2009 - 2019, the system of accommodation
facilities serving tourists in general and sea-island tourism in particular has
developed at a fairly rapid rate. There are 161 tourist accommodation business
establishments, the total number of accommodation rooms is expected to be 3,410
rooms, of which over 700 rooms are of 3-5 star standard.
Dining facilities, restaurants: There are more than 55 dining rooms in
accommodation establishments with about 24,500 seats, serving different dishes to

meet the needs of guests when participating in tourism in Phu Yen.
Recreational and sports facilities: There is currently a shortage of entertainment
and sports facilities and services for tourists. They not only lack in quantity of
entertainment facilities but they are also very poor, monotonous without proper
investment.
Means of passenger transport: There are over 20 businesses providing tourist
car rental services. However, most car rental businesses are small and mediumsized.
Table of visitors' evaluation results of tourism service quality (%)
Content
Transport service
Sightseeing service
Accomodation service
Food and drink service
Entertainment service
Other services

Very good
18,3
7,6
15,3
19,3
9,9
14,5

Good
31,6
33,3
22,2
31,1
20,8

43,8

Normal
40,2
46,7
50,7
38,3
51,3
33,2

Not good
9,9
12,4
11,8
11,3
18,0
8,5


14

Currently, the quality is only very average and there are many limitations.
Services are poor, especially entertainment and sightseeing services, followed by
accommodation and food services. Therefore, in order for Phu Yen tourism to
survive and develop in the current trend of integration and competition, the
immediate problem is to pay attention to investment and development of services
on technical facilities of the sea-island tourism industry, to synchronize,
commensurating with resources, meeting the needs of tourists about tourism.
2.3.1.5. Investment and association to develop sea-island tourism
a. Investment and development of sea-island tourism:

Regarding investment and construction of tourist attractions: Phu Yen has
detailed planning of three tourist clusters. Regarding the attraction of investment
projects in sea-island tourism, up to now, Phu Yen has had a number of big projects
such as: Hon Ngoc Bai Tram eco-tourism park (US$60 million), which has been
put into operation in phase I with 7 villas, hotels, restaurants; Sao Viet eco-tourism
area (30 million USD), has been completed and is being expanded.
In general, the investment capital in the development of sea-island tourism in
recent years has been small, not meeting the needs and potential of the province's
sea-island tourism development. Therefore, it is necessary to have strong measures
to attract investment to promote the development of sea - island tourism in
particular and tourism in Phu Yen province in general.
b. Links to develop sea-island tourism:
The linkage in the development of sea-island tourism in Phu Yen province is
still limited and has not been focused. The construction and development of
products and the organization of tourism space are still spontaneous and
independent, but they are not able to link with neighboring provinces such as Khanh
Hoa, Binh Dinh, ...
2.3.1.6. Promotion, advertising and building tourism image and brand
The work of introducing, promoting and promoting sports tourism has been
interested and actively implemented, with the participation of state management
agencies and tourism business units in various forms such as: building publications
to promote sea and island tourism in order to introduce domestic and foreign
tourists to natural images, scenic spots, sea-island beauty, tours, tourism routes, and
traditional beauties of the island. Phu Yen people come to tourists. It is necessary
to actively host large-scale cultural and art programs at national and international
levels.
With the above activities, the survey shows that the promotion of Phu Yen seaisland tourism has initially achieved some results: information that tourists know
from multidimensional synthesis accounts for the highest (34.5%), from friends
and relatives (21.3%), from television and from the Internet almost 18-19% alike.
Particularly, promotional information from travel companies accounts for a

negligible proportion (6.4%).
2.3.2. Current status of tourism development by territory
2.3.2.1. Actual situation of exploiting sea - island tourist spots and routes


15

a. Sea-island tourist attractions being exploited:
The author selects 16 representative tourist attractions that are being exploited
stretching along 4 sea-island tourism spaces of the province to conduct an
assessment survey based on the criteria for evaluating tourist attractions according
to the developed method. The unifying criteria are as follows: Criterion 1:
Attractiveness of tourist attractions (coefficient 3); Criterion 2: Technical and
infrastructure facilities (coefficient 3); Criterion 3: Location and accessibility
(coefficient 2); Criterion 4: Tourist capacity (coefficient 1); Criterion 5: Natural
and Cultural Environment (coefficient 2); Criterion 6: Seasonality (coefficient 3);
Criterion 7: Linkability (coefficient 2); Criterion 8: Organization and management
(coefficient 2)
Dong Hoa town: Is a bridge connecting with Khanh Hoa tourist center in the
south, connecting and trading with tourists from the south to Phu Yen and to other
tourist clusters in the tourism space of the province.
No.
1
2
3
4

Results of evaluation of sea - island tourist attractions in Dong Hoa town
Criteria
Tourist attractions

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) Total
Bai Mon
15
3
6
5
10 12
8
6
65
Vung Ro
15
3
6
5
8
12
8
6
63
Bai Goc
15
3
6
5
10 12
8
6
65
Hai Dang Mui Dien 15

3
6
4
10 12
8
6
64

Scores of tourist attractions in Dong Hoa town are rated at: 63-65 points,
which is convenient for orienting, exploiting and building sea-island tourist
routes combined with sightseeing and relaxation in the upcoming time.
Tuy Hoa city Area: Located in the administrative center - tourism center of
Phu Yen province. This is the driving space for tourism in Phu Yen province
today.
Results of evaluation of sea - island tourist attractions in Tuy Hoa city
Criteria
No. Tourist attractions
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) Total
1
Long Thuy beach
12
9
10
5
8
12
6
6
68
2

Hon Chua island
12
3
8
5
10 12
6
4
60
3
Cau Ngu festival
9
6
6
3
8
3
6
4
45
4
Tuy Hoa beach
12 12 10
5
8
12
8
6
73


It can be seen that the scores of the sea and island tourist spots in Tuy Hoa
city area are evaluated as follows: Quite favorable: 45 points belong to the
cultural tourist attraction Cau Ngu festival; and favorable level (from 60 to 68
points) for sea-island natural tourist attractions: Long Thuy sea and Hon Chua
island. Particularly, Tuy Hoa beach tourism site is rated 73 points: it is a very
convenient beach tourist destination for marine tourism activities combined
with sightseeing, shopping, public services, MICE, transit, and entertainment.
Tuy An District area: This is home to many natural tourist attractions: Da
Dia Reef, O Loan lagoon, Yen island, beautiful sandy beaches and beaches
along with unique cultural and festival tourist attractions of fishermen.


16

Indigenous people: fishing festival, O Loan lagoon festival, traditional craft
villages, ...
No.
1
2
3
4

Results of evaluation of sea - island tourist attractions in Tuy An district
Criteria
Tourist attractions
(1)
(2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) Total
Ganh Do fish sauce
9
6

8
4
8
12
6
4
57
Da Dia-Ganh Den
15
9
8
5
10 12
8
8
75
Hon Yen-Ganh Yen
15
6
8
5
10 12
6
4
66
O Loan lagoon
12
9
8
5

10 12
8
4
68

Evaluation results of the tourist sites in Tuy An district: tourist sites of fish
sauce making villages and natural tourist attractions of sea - island: Yen island
- Ganh Yen; O Loan lagoon is evaluated (from 57 to 68 points) as sea-island
tourism spots that are currently favorable for the development of current and
future sports tourism. Particularly, Ghenh Da Dia tourist site is rated 75 points:
very convenient for the development of tourism in general to visit landscapes,
sea resorts, eco-tourism, scuba diving, yachting, culinary culture such as
shellfish, etc. oysters, crabs, lobsters...
Song Cau town: Located in the North of Phu Yen, in charge of connecting
and trading with tourists from the North to Phu Yen and to other tourism
clusters in the province's tourism space.
No.
1
2
3
4

Results of evaluation of sea - island tourist attractions in
Criteria
Tourist attractions
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
6
Cu Mong lagoon
12
6

5
10
12
Xuan Dai Bay
15
6
6
5
10
12
Bai Xep
15
6
6
5
10
12
Nhat Tu Son island
15
9
6
5
10
12

Song Cau town
(7)
6
6
6

6

(8)
4
6
4
8

Total
61
66
64
71

It can be seen that the scores of most of the sea and island tourist spots in
the Song Cau town area, put into operation and survey, are rated as favorable
(from 61 to 71 points) for sea-island tourism activities, combining with
sightseeing, sea resort, eco-tourism, scuba diving, culinary culture such as
blood cockles, king crabs, oysters, crabs, lobsters, etc.
Based on the evaluation results with reference to experts and tourists about
the sea and island tourist destinations that tourists have visited and experienced
in the sea - island tourism spaces of Phu Yen province as well as based on the
evaluation criteria, the dissertation determined the favorable levels of
exploitation in the sea and island tourism space of the province as follows:
Very convenient: Tuy Hoa city; Quite convenient: Song Cau town;
Convenient: Tuy An district and Dong Hoa town.
b. Sea-island tourist routes are being exploited
 Intra-provincial tourism route:
Tuy Hoa City Sightseeing tour: Main tourist attractions: Nhan Tower - Da
Rang River - Tuy Hoa Beach - Long Thuy Beach - Chop Chai Mountain - Bao

Lam Pagoda - Sao Viet Ecotourism Area. Line nature: Organized according to


17

the traffic system in the city. Tuy Hoa, serving visitors, swimming, learning
about monuments and landscapes in the Tuy Hoa city; enjoying cultural and
artistic programs: Bai Choi, Ho Khoan, Ho Ba Trao, rock trumpet
performances, etc.
Northern tour route:
- Tuy Hoa city-Tuy An- Song Cau town: This is a tourist route organized
along the National Highway 1A axis to reach most of the valuable marine
tourist destinations in the northeastern coastal area of Phu Yen to serve tourists
to organize sightseeing, various types of tourism such as: : visit the sea - island,
swim, relax and enjoy the specialties of Phu Yen such as lobster, blood cockle,
shrimp, squid, etc.
- Tuy Hoa - Long Thuy - Hon Chua tourist route: This is a tourist route
organized along the inner city route from Tuy Hoa city to valuable sea -island
tourist destinations. Serving for entertainment, relaxation, sea sports,
swimming, fishing, squid fishing, resorting at coastal resorts: learning about
the life of the people in fishing villages, visiting fish sauce processing
facilities, ...
Southern tourist route:
Tuy Hoa city - Ca Pass - Vung Ro - Da Bia Mountain: Organized along
National Highway 1A from Tuy Hoa city to Ca pass, this is a general
sightseeing tour route: eco-tourism of the sea - island of Phu Yen province as
tour fishing in Vung Ro, climbing Da Bia mountain, watching the sunrise at
Bai Mon - Mui Dien, swimming.
To evaluate the actual situation of exploiting the tourism routes of Phu Yen
province over the past time. The author has selected the typical sea -island

tourism routes above to do the survey and assessment based on the criteria for
evaluating tourist routes: Criterion 1: Number of tourist spots (coefficient 3);
Criterion 2: Attractiveness of tourist attraction (coefficient 3); Criterion 3:
Transport convenience (coefficient 2); Criterion 4: Quality of technical
infrastructure for tourism (coefficient 2), Criterion 5: Time of tourism
activities (coefficient 3).
From the results of the assessment of the above tourist routes, it can be seen
that the scores of most of the intra-provincial tourism routes put into operation
and survey are evaluated as convenient tourist routes (37 points) to very
convenient tourist routes (39-45 points.
Table of the evaluation results of convenience for tourism routes in inner Phu Yen province
Criteria
Tourist routes
Total Conveniencdegree
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Very convenient
Tuy Hoa city sightseeing tour
9 6 8 8 12 43
Tuy Hoa city - Tuy An - Song Cau town

12 12 8

4

9

45

Very convenient


Tuy Hoa city - Long Thuy - Hon Chua

12 6

8

4

9

39

Very convenient

Tuy Hoa city - Deo Ca - Vung Ro

9

8

2

9

37

Convenient

9




18

 Sea-island tourist routes are being exploited in connection with the
province:
- Route 1: Tuy Hoa - Quy Nhon - Tuy Hoa: Depart to Quy Nhon, visit Xep beach,
take souvenir photos at Ganh Ong, visit Da Dia Reef, admire the wild beauty of O
Loan lagoon, stop visit Mang Lang church. Discover Nhat Tu Son, a small island
located in Xuan Dai Bay, where every time the tide recedes, a road of more than
200 meters connects the mainland to the island. Overnight in Quy Nhon, visit Ky
Co. In the afternoon, visit Eo Gio and Ngoc Hoa vihara; Quang Trung Museum,
Ham Ho landscape.
- Route 2: Tuy Hoa - Song Cau - Quy Nhon - Da Nang - Tuy Hoa: Visitors can
swim at Tuy Hoa, Long Thuy, Bau, Tram, Tu Nham, ... scuba diving. , learn about
the lifestyle of coastal residents, learn about craft villages, take a boat to the islands,
take a boat with fishermen fishing in Xuan Dai bay, Cu Mong lagoon, walk in the
middle of the sea to Nhat Tu Son island in Song Cau. Go to Quy Nhon to swim,
take pictures, swim at Queen's beach, egg beach, visit Han Mac Tu tourist area,
take a boat to Cu Lao Xanh island, ... Go to Da Nang to visit Non Nuoc sea,
swimming, visiting the Marble Mountains, Ba Na Hill tourist area, taking the cable
car, taking photos, participating in sports, entertainment, shopping, culinary
activities, ...
Route 3: Tuy Hoa - Nha Trang - Tuy Hoa: Visit Mui Dien Lighthouse, which
used to be considered the easternmost point on the mainland of the country,
continue to Vung Ro, visit the historical site of unumbered ship, learn about the
lobster farming of fishermen, admire the magnificent Da Bia mountain, visit
historical sites in Nha Trang city such as Ponagar Tower, Long Son pagoda, Hon
Tre island, come to the Vinpearland amusement park. It is free to participate in all
games here, visit the Aquarium.

Route 4: Ho Chi Minh City - Nha Trang - Tuy Hoa: Visit the Institute of
Oceanography, cruise in Nha Trang Bay, swim, scuba dive, take the cable car
through Vinpearl Land (Vietnamese Pearl), play the Sea sports games, sightseeing,
taking souvenir photos, sunbathing, enjoying seafood, walking the streets at night,
having fun, shopping, relaxing with high-class spa services. Coming to Tuy Hoa,
visitors can swim in Tuy Hoa and Long Thuy beaches, visit coastal islands, visit
Nhan tower, learn about the lifestyle of fishing villagers, learn about craft villages,
and bridge festivals. fishing, boating on holidays, taking pictures, walking the
streets, enjoying special sea food.
2.3.2.2. General assessment of the current status of development of football tourism
in Phu Yen province
a. These achievements:
- The number of international and domestic visitors to Phu Yen is constantly
increasing. The market of international tourists traveling to tourism is increasingly
expanding; The system of infrastructure and technical facilities serving sea-island
tourism is being invested and developed, creating conditions to promote the growth


19

of tourism development targets, contributing to creating a new face for the
province.
- The territory of sea - island tourism has made significant development steps,
following the trend of increasing the number of sea - island tourist attractions.
Forming sea-island tourist routes serving domestic and foreign tourists with new
experiences at tourist destinations; The training and retraining of tourism human
resources is also gradually being completed with the combination of training
institutions across the country for retraining and additional training of human
resources; The awareness of the local community in tourism economic activities
has been raised one step and has created favorable conditions in many aspects,

supporting tourism activities; The quality of tourism business activities of
enterprises in the area gradually improved.
b. Limitations:
- The number of tourists is still quite modest in terms of both international and
domestic visitors compared to two neighboring provinces, Khanh Hoa and Binh
Dinh. The number of tourists coming to sea and island tourism in Phu Yen to stay
overnight are few and the length of stay is short, pure tourists still account for a low
proportion, most of them are visitors to work in combination with tourism; Tourism
products are not clear, do not have their own characteristics, so they are not
attractive enough for tourists; Revenue from sea and island tourism is still low
compared to the goal of developing into a spearhead economic sector, the impact
of tourism on social life is still not commensurate with the position and potential
of the province.
- Infrastructure and technical facilities for sea and island tourism have been
improved, but still have not met the increasing demands of tourists. Currently, the
traffic routes to the sea and island tourist destinations have not been paid attention
to and invested properly, which is an obstacle for Phu Yen sea and island tourism;
Tourism environment (landscape environment, tourism business environment,
social environment) has been improved, but there are still a few tourist spots that
are polluted: Xuan Dai bay, O Loan lagoon: do aquaculture,...
- Tourism human resources are still limited in quantity and quality, there is no
strategy and plan to attract human resources with expertise in serving Phu Yen
tourism; The link between Phu Yen and localities throughout the country,
especially with the South Central Coast provinces and the Central Highlands
provinces, is not really effective to create common tourism products for the whole
region; The implementation of the planning in some key sea-island tourist
destinations still lacks professionalism. Awareness of the role of sea-island tourism
in socio-economic is still limited, unable to meet the requirements of rapid and
sustainable development of tourism in Phu Yen in general.; Market research;
management of tourist areas, tourist spots, ... is still limited.



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