Tài liệu Oracle PLSQL Language- P4 pdf

stored : 23. Managing Code in the Database
and target labels :
5.2.1.3. Target labels and PL/SQL blocks
utility :
C.16. DBMS_UTILITY
validating :
23.3. Module Validation and Dependency Management
MONITOR tool :
25.1. Analyzing Program Performance
months : (see
date)
MONTHS_BETWEEN function :
12.1.3. The MONTHS_BETWEEN function
multiline comments : (see
block comments)
multiline statements, formatting :
3.1.6. Formatting Multiline Statements
MULTISET pseudo-function :
19.5.3. The MULTISET Pseudo-function
mutual recursion : (see
forward declarations)
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Index: N
NAME_RESOLVE procedure : C.16.8. The NAME_RESOLVE procedure
NAME_TOKENIZE procedure :

C.16.9. The NAME_TOKENIZE procedure
named collections :
19.5.2.1. Casting a named collection
named constants
4.1. Identifiers
4.7.4. Use Named Constants to Avoid Hardcoding Values
converting variables to :
4.7.5. Convert Variables into Named Constants
named labels :
5.2.1. The GOTO Statement
named notation :
15.6.4.2. Named notation
naming
columns
1.7.5. Structured Code and Other Best Practices
9.3.2. Setting the Record's Column Names
cursor identifiers :
6.4.3. Identifier Precedence in a Cursor
cursors :
6.4.1. The Cursor Name
encrypted code files :
23.7.2. Working with Encrypted Code
exceptions
8.3.1. Named System Exceptions
8.4.1.3. Overlapping exception names
functions :
1.7.5. Structured Code and Other Best Practices
identifiers :
2.2. Identifiers
loop indexes :

7.7.1. Naming Loop Indexes
loops :
7.6.1. Loop Labels
modules
15.3.4.3. Named modules offer scoping effect of nested block
22.1.1. Make Sure the Module Name Explains the Module
qualified identifiers and :
15.3.5.3. Qualifying identifier names with module names
object types :
18.6.3. Schema Evolution
packages :
22.1.3. Name Packages and Their Elements to Reflect the Packaged Structure
parameters :
22.1.2. Develop Consistent Naming Conventions for Your Formal Parameters
precedence, column/function :
17.6. Column/Function Name Precedence
savepoints :
6.1.3. The SAVEPOINT Statement
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subtypes : 4.7.2. Name Subtypes to Self-Document Code
tables :
1.7.5. Structured Code and Other Best Practices
variables
1.7.5. Structured Code and Other Best Practices
4.1. Identifiers
4.7.1. Establish Clear Variable Naming Conventions
National Language Support : (see
NLS character datatypes)
NATURAL datatype :
4.2.1.1. Binary integer datatypes

natural logarithm function :
13.1.11. The LN function
NCHAR datatype :
4.2.6.1. The NCHAR datatype
NCLOB datatype
1.4.7.6. Large object support
4.2.7.4. The NCLOB datatype
negative numbers :
4.2.1.1. Binary integer datatypes
negative row index :
10.2. Characteristics of PL/SQL Tables
nested
blocks
(see also
anonymous blocks)
15.3. The Anonymous PL/SQL Block
15.3.4. Nested Blocks
cursors and :
15.3.5.4. Cursor scope
scope and :
15.3.5.2. Scope and nested blocks
IF statements :
5.1.4. Nested IF Statements
modules :
2.7.3. Nested Blocks
raising exceptions in :
8.4.1.2. Raising exceptions in nested blocks
scoping with :
1.6.5. Scoping with nested blocks
objects

dot notation for :
18.3.4.1. Dots in data structures
records :
9.7. Nested Records
tables :
1.4.7.3. Variable arrays and nested tables
(see also
collections)
19.1. Types of Collections
19.3. Syntax for Declaring Collection Datatypes
adding/removing elements of :
19.4.3. Adding and Removing Elements
assigning values to elements :
19.4.2. Assigning Values to Elements: Index (Subscript)
Considerations
defining :
19.2.1. Collections "In the Database"
initializing :
19.4.1. Initializing Collection Variables
objects for :
18.1.2. Some Simple Examples
THE pseudo-function for :
19.5.1. The THE Pseudo-function
%TYPE attributes :
4.5.3. Nesting Usages of the %TYPE Attribute
NESTED TABLE STORE AS clause :
19.2.1.1. Collection as a "column" in a conventional table
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Net8 listener : 21.2.1. Step 1: Set Up the Listener
new_add_months function :

12.2.1. Customizing the Behavior of ADD_MONTHS
NEW_LINE procedure
C.9.5. The NEW_LINE procedure
C.17.1.7. The NEW_LINE procedure
NEW_TIME function
12.1.4. The NEW_TIME function
12.2.2. Using NEW_TIME in Client-Server Environments
NEXT function
10.8.2.6. The NEXT function
10.8.2.7. The PRIOR function
19.6.7. PRIOR(i), NEXT(i)
NEXT_DATE procedure :
C.5.5. The NEXT_DATE procedure
NEXT_DAY function :
12.1.5. The NEXT_DAY function
NEXT_ITEM_TYPE function :
C.10.2. The NEXT_ITEM_TYPE function
NLS character datatypes :
4.2.6. NLS Character Datatypes
NO_DATA_FOUND exception
8.3.1. Named System Exceptions
8.8. NO_DATA_FOUND: Multipurpose Exception
normalization of local variables :
4.5.1.2. Normalization of local variables
not equals (<> and !=) :
2.1. The PL/SQL Character Set
NOT NULL datatype :
4.4.4. NOT NULL Clause
anchoring to :
4.5.5. Anchoring to NOT NULL Datatypes

constraints :
25.4.6. Avoid NOT NULL Constraints
NOT_LOGGED_ON exception :
8.3.1. Named System Exceptions
%NOTFOUND cursor attribute
6.6.2. Fetching Past the Last Row
6.9.2. The %NOTFOUND Attribute
NOWAIT keyword :
6.1.5. The LOCK TABLE Statement
NULL :
4.3. NULLs in PL/SQL
assigning to objects :
18.5.3. Approach 3: Do Everything via Methods
and default values :
4.4.4. NOT NULL Clause
in IF statements :
5.1.1. The IF-THEN Combination
NOT NULL constraints :
25.4.6. Avoid NOT NULL Constraints
NULL statements :
5.2.2. The NULL Statement
with GOTO statements :
5.2.2.4. Using NULL with GOTO to avoid additional
statement execution
NVL function :
13.3.4. The NVL function
setting records to :
9.6.1.3. Setting records to NULL
string :
2.3. Literals

NUMBER datatype
4.2.1.2. Decimal numeric datatypes
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25.4.5. Use PLS_INTEGER for All Integer Operations
numbers
converting strings to/from
14.1.2. Number Format Models
14.2.7. The TO_CHAR function (number conversion)
14.2.9. The TO_NUMBER function
converting to words :
17.8.7. Recursive Processing in a SQL Statement
date : (see
date)
functions for :
13. Numeric, LOB, and Miscellaneous Functions
line, finding code for :
23.6.6. Finding the Code for a Line Number
suppressing zeros :
14.3.1. FM: Suppressing Blanks and Zeros
numeric
datatypes :
4.2.1. Numeric Datatypes
FOR loops :
7.3. The Numeric FOR Loop
formatting :
3.3.2. Formatting Loops
loop index :
7.3. The Numeric FOR Loop
nontrivial increments :
7.3.3. Handling Nontrivial Increments

premature termination of :
7.7.2.1. Premature FOR loop termination
range scheme :
7.3. The Numeric FOR Loop
scope of :
7.6.2.1. Scope in FOR loops
unnecessary :
7.7.3. Avoiding the Phony Loop
literals :
2.3.2. Numeric Literals
NUMERIC subtype :
4.2.2. Numeric Subtypes
NVARCHAR2 datatype :
4.2.6.2. The NVARCHAR2 datatype
NVL function
4.3.3. Function Results with NULL Arguments
13.3.4. The NVL function
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Index: O
object tables, object views versus : 20.4. Differences Between Object Views and Object Tables
object types
18.1.1. Terminology
18.1.4.2. Classification
constructor methods

18.3.1. About Object Types
18.4.1.1. Constructors
data dictionary entries :
18.6.1. Data Dictionary
defining :
18.2.2. Defining the Object Type Body
forward type definitions :
18.3.5.1. Forward type definitions
instantiating objects from :
18.2.2.1. PL/SQL usage
modifying :
18.6.3. Schema Evolution
renaming :
18.6.3. Schema Evolution
syntax for :
18.3. Syntax for Creating Object Types
type modifiers :
18.2.3. Adding Complex Data Structures
object views :
20. Object Views
data dictionary entries :
20.7.1. Data Dictionary
duplicate OIDs in :
20.4.1.1. Duplicate OIDs in a single view
example of :
20.1. Example: Using Object Views
INSTEAD OF triggers and :
20.2. INSTEAD OF Triggers
object tables versus :
20.4. Differences Between Object Views and Object Tables

privileges :
20.7.2. Privileges
REFs and :
20.4.2. Using REFs with Object Views
schema evolution and
20. Object Views
20.6. Schema Evolution
syntax for :
20.3.1. CREATE VIEW: Creating an Object View
object-oriented programming
18. Object Types
18.1.5. Object Programming Themes
18.7. Making the Objects Option Work
object views and :
20. Object Views
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objects : 18.1. Introduction to Oracle8 Objects
assigning :
18.4.1.2. Direct assignment
collections as object types :
19.2.1.2. Collection as an attribute of an object type
comparing :
18.3.6. Comparing Objects
database structure for :
18.2.2.2. DDL usage
dependency of :
23.6.1. Displaying Object Dependencies
desc command (SQL*Plus) :
18.6.2. SQL*Plus "Describe" Command
destroying :

18.5.3. Approach 3: Do Everything via Methods
dot notation :
18.3.4. Dot Notation
equality of, testing :
18.3.6.2. Equality comparisons
examples of
18.1.2. Some Simple Examples
18.2. Oracle Objects Example
handles for : (see
identifiers)
identifiers : (see
OIDs)
in packages :
16.1.4. Object Persistence
index-by tables of :
25.4.8. Use Index-By Tables of Records and Objects
inheritance :
18.1.4.3. Inheritance
initializing :
18.4.1. The Need to Initialize
instantiating :
18.2.2.1. PL/SQL usage
LOBs (large objects) :
1.4.7.6. Large object support
functions for :
13.2. LOB Function Descriptions
object views :
1.4.7.4. Object views
object-oriented model support :
1.4.7.1. Support for an object-oriented model

OIDs (object identifiers) :
18.4.2.1. Object identifiers (OIDs)
persistent, modifying :
18.5. Modifying Persistent Objects
privileges :
18.3.7. Privileges
referring to :
18.4.2. OID, VALUE, REF, and DEREF
REFs : (see
REFs)
returnin value of :
18.4.2.4. DEREF
self-reference : (see
SELF object)
stored
(see also
stored objects)
23. Managing Code in the Database
managing with SQL*Plus :
23.5. Managing Stored Objects with SQL*Plus
viewing with SQL :
23.6. Using SQL to Examine Stored Objects
synonyms for :
23.2.2. Creating Synonyms for Stored Objects
OCI routines, for external procedures :
21.5. OCI Service Routines
OIDs (object identifiers) :
18.4.2.1. Object identifiers (OIDs)
uniqueness of
20.4.1. OID Uniqueness

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20.4.4. REFs to Nonunique OIDs
where stored :
18.4.2.1. Object identifiers (OIDs)
one-dimensionality of tables :
10.2. Characteristics of PL/SQL Tables
OODBs (object-oriented databases) :
18.1. Introduction to Oracle8 Objects
OPEN statement
(see also
cursors)
6.2.2. Cursor Operations
6.5. Opening Cursors
6.10.2. Opening Cursors with Parameters
with cursor variables :
6.12.4. Opening Cursor Variables
OPEN FOR statement :
6.12.4. Opening Cursor Variables
OPEN_CURSOR function :
C.14.14. The OPEN_CURSOR function
OPEN_CURSORS parameter :
6.8.1. Maximum Number of Cursors
opening cursors
6.2.2. Cursor Operations
6.5. Opening Cursors
6.10.2. Opening Cursors with Parameters
6.12.4. Opening Cursor Variables
operating sytem files :
C.17. UTL_FILE
operators, REFs as :

18.4.2.2. REFs
optimizing foreign key lookups :
10.9.5. Optimizing Foreign Key Lookups with PL/SQL Tables
OR REPLACE predicate :
18.3.2. CREATE TYPE and DROP TYPE: Creating and Dropping Types
Oracle
how PL/SQL fits in :
1.1. What Is PL/SQL?
programming in : (see
coding)
Oracle/AQ : (see
advanced queuing)
Oracle Forms :
1.2. The Concept of Programming in Oracle Applications
code of :
1.2. The Concept of Programming in Oracle Applications
Oracle Lock Management (OLM) services :
C.7. DBMS_LOCK
Oracle Reports :
1.2. The Concept of Programming in Oracle Applications
Oracle Server
Version 7.1 : (see
Release 2.1, PL/SQL)
Version 7.2 : (see
Release 2.2, PL/SQL)
Oracle Tools, anonymous blocks in :
15.3.3. Anonymous Blocks in the Oracle Tools
Oracle*Mail :
C.8. DBMS_MAIL
Oracle, Trusted :

About the Contents
Oracle/AQ, administration on :
C.3.2. DBMS_AQADM (PL/SQL 8 Only)
Oracle/AQ facility :
C.3. Oracle AQ, the Advanced Queueing Facility
ORADBX tool :
25.1. Analyzing Program Performance
order, VARRAY elements :
19.4.1.4. VARRAY integration
ORDER methods :
18.3.6.1. The MAP and ORDER methods
OUT parameters
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15.6.2.2. OUT mode
22.7.3. Assign Values to All OUT and IN OUT Parameters
external procedure mappings :
21.4.1. Datatype Conversion
in functions
:
22.2.1.1. Do not use OUT and IN OUT parameters
:
1.7.5. Structured Code and Other Best Practices
outer tables :
19.1. Types of Collections
overloaded modules
1.6.6. Module overloading
15.8. Module Overloading
restrictions on :
15.8.4. Restrictions on Overloading
overloading modules :

18.1.4.4. Polymorphism
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Index: P
PACK_MESSAGE procedure : C.10.3. The PACK_MESSAGE procedure
package variables, stored functions and :
17.4. Restrictions on PL/SQL Functions in SQL
packages
1.4.3.10. Modular construction
1.6.8. Packages
16. Packages
Booch diagram :
16.2.4. Public and Private Package Elements
built-in
1.4.3.6. Built-in packages
1.6.3. Built-in packages
built-in, reference on :
C. Built-In Packages
cursors in :
6.4.4. The Cursor RETURN Clause
data structures in :
16.5. Package Data
debugging messages in :
24.2.9. Build Debugging Messages into Your Packages
declaring cursors in :

16.3.2. Declaring Package Cursors
developing around :
1.7.3. Center All Development Around Packages
documenting :
3.7. Documenting the Entire Package
encapsulating data structure access :
1.7.2. Synchronize Program and Data Structures
of exceptions only :
16.3.1.1. A package of exceptions
formatting :
3.5. Formatting Packages
functions in, calling :
17.5. Calling Packaged Functions in SQL
granting execute authority to :
23.2.1. Execute Authority on Stored Objects
initialization section
purity level assertions in :
17.5.2. Asserting Purity Level with Package Initialization
Section
initializing :
16.6. Package Initialization
of magic values only :
16.3.1.2. A package of magic values
minimizing interdependencies :
25.2.4. Creating Packages with Minimal Interdependencies
modifying persistent objects :
18.5.4. Approach 4: Use an Object and a PL/SQL Container
Package
naming :
22.1.3. Name Packages and Their Elements to Reflect the Packaged Structure

numbers-to-words :
17.8.7. Recursive Processing in a SQL Statement
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pinning into SGA shared pool : 25.2.2. Pin Critical Code into the SGA
public versus private elements :
16.2.4. Public and Private Package Elements
purity level of :
17.5.1. The RESTRICT_REFERENCES Pragma
referencing elements of :
23.1.4. Key Concepts for Program Execution
rights models :
18.3.7.3. Rights model
specification
16.2.1. The Specification
16.3. The Package Specification
STANDARD :
8.3.1. Named System Exceptions
storing spefifications for :
1.7.3. Center All Development Around Packages
synchronizing body and specification :
16.4.2. Synchronize Body with Package
toggles in :
1.7.3. Center All Development Around Packages
variables in :
B.2.2. No Direct Stored Package Variable References
reducing memory usage of :
25.2.5. Reducing Memory Usage of Package Variables
padding strings
11.1.11. The RPAD function
11.1.8. The LPAD function

parameters :
15.6. Parameters
accepted in PARAMETERS clause :
21.4.3. Properties
actual versus formal :
15.6.3. Actual and Formal Parameters
Boolean :
22.7.2. Use Self-Identifying Parameters (Avoid Boolean Values)
case consistency of :
22.7.4. Ensure Case Consistency of Parameters
declaring :
21.4.4. Correct Declaration of Properties
default values of
B.2.4. No Default Parameter Values
15.6.5. Default Values
22.7.5. Default Values and Remote Procedure Calls
design tips for :
22.7. Tips for Parameter Design
documenting :
22.7.1. Document All Parameters and Their Functions
IN mode :
15.6.2.1. IN mode
IN OUT mode
15.6.2.3. The IN OUT mode
22.7.3. Assign Values to All OUT and IN OUT Parameters
increasing number of :
22.5.3. Use Parameters Liberally
mapping for external procedures :
21.4. Mapping Parameters
module, collections as :

19.2.2.3. Collections as module parameters
modules without :
22.4. Be Wary of Modules Without Any Parameters
naming :
22.1.2. Develop Consistent Naming Conventions for Your Formal Parameters
OUT mode
15.6.2.2. OUT mode
22.7.3. Assign Values to All OUT and IN OUT Parameters
for overloaded modules :
15.8.4. Restrictions on Overloading
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package data and : 25.4.4. Use Package Data to Avoid Passing "Bulky" Parameter Values
passing by reference :
21.4.2. More Syntax: The PARAMETERS Clause
tables as :
10.5.4. Passing PL/SQL Tables as Parameters
validating with assertion modules :
22.2.4. Use Assertion Modules to Validate Parameters and
Assumptions
PARAMETERS clause :
21.4.1. Datatype Conversion
declaring parameters :
21.4.4. Correct Declaration of Properties
parameters possible in :
21.4.3. Properties
parameters, cursor :
6.10. Cursor Parameters
parent block : (see
nested blocks)
PARSE procedure :

C.14.15. The PARSE procedure
parsing SQL statements :
6.2.2. Cursor Operations
parsing strings :
11.2.1. Parsing a Name
part-of relationship :
18.1.4.3. Inheritance
partitioned tables, ROWID datatype for :
4.2.3.6. The ROWID datatype
partitioning table to store array :
10.9.4.2. Partitioning a PL/SQL table to store an array
passing
collection arguments :
19.8.3. Call by Reference or Call by Value
parameters by reference :
21.4.2. More Syntax: The PARAMETERS Clause
performance
analyzing :
25.1. Analyzing Program Performance
implicit cursors and :
6.3.2.1. Inefficiencies of implicit cursors
implicit data conversions and :
4.2.8.3. Drawbacks of implicit conversions
local variables and :
25.4.3. Rely on Local Variables to Improve Performance
package data and :
25.4.4. Use Package Data to Avoid Passing "Bulky" Parameter Values
stored functions and :
17.1. Looking at the Problem
time, using progress box :

22.6.3. Progress Box as ADT
persistence
encapsulation and :
18.2.2.2. DDL usage
REFs and :
18.2.3. Adding Complex Data Structures
persistent objects
modifying :
18.5. Modifying Persistent Objects
referring to :
18.4.2. OID, VALUE, REF, and DEREF
PGA (Program Global Area) :
25.3.1. Use Package Data to Minimize SQL Access
phonetic string comparisons :
11.1.13. The SOUNDEX function
pinning packages into SGA shared pool :
25.2.2. Pin Critical Code into the SGA
pipes : (see
DBMS_PIPE package)
PL/SQL
applications, tuning :
25. Tuning PL/SQL Applications
access to compiled code :
25.2. Tuning Access to Compiled Code
access to data :
25.3. Tuning Access to Your Data
analyzing performance :
25.1. Analyzing Program Performance
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optimizing algorithms : 25.4. Tuning Your Algorithms

best practices :
1.7. Best Practices for PL/SQL Excellence
blocks : (see
modules)
C interface, datatypes and :
21.4.1. Datatype Conversion
and client-server architecture :
1.1. What Is PL/SQL?
collections in :
19.2.2.1. Collection variables
datatype subtypes in :
4.6.1. Declaring Subtypes
debugging : (see
debugging)
definition of :
1.1. What Is PL/SQL?
exceptions : (see
exceptions)
for I/O-intensive SQL :
25.3.6. Use PL/SQL to Improve Performance of IO-Intensive SQL
functions in SQL : (see
stored functions, PL/SQL)
identifiers : (see
identifiers)
integration with server (example) :
19.7. Example: PL/SQL-to-Server Integration
language
coding : (see
coding)
structure of :

2.7. Block Structure
language of :
2.1. The PL/SQL Character Set
lexical units of :
2.1. The PL/SQL Character Set
literals : (see
literals)
loops : (see
loops)
memory-based code architecture :
23.1.3. Memory-Based Architecture of PL/SQL Code
modules :
2.7. Block Structure
objects : (see
objects)
origins of :
1.3. The Origins of PL/SQL
packages : (see
packages)
Programming Companion Utilities Guide :
A. What's on the Companion Disk?
Release 1.1 :
10.9.4.3. Features of the array package
Release 2.2 :
6.12. Cursor Variables
Release 2.3
6.12. Cursor Variables
10.1.1. PL/SQL Tables
10.8. PL/SQL Table Enhancements in PL/SQL Release 2.3
tracing execution :

26. Tracing PL/SQL Execution
variables : (see
variables)
version 8 enhancements :
25.5. Overview of PL/SQL8 Enhancements
versions of :
1.4. PL/SQL Versions
Release 2.1 :
15.8.4. Restrictions on Overloading
Version 1.1 :
B. Calling Stored Procedures from PL/SQL Version 1.1
Version 2 :
15.6.1.1. %TYPE and %ROWTYPE
Version 2.0
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B.1. Using Stubs to Talk to Server-Side PL/SQL
1.4.3. PL/SQL Version 2.0
23.4. Remote Procedure Calls
working with multiple :
1.4.1. Working with Multiple Versions of PL/SQL
wrapper :
1.4.5.1. The PL/SQL wrapper
PL/SQL tables : (see
index-by tables)
PLS-00452 error :
17.5.1.1. Pragma violation errors
PLS_INTEGER data type :
25.4.5. Use PLS_INTEGER for All Integer Operations
PLS_INTEGER datatype :
4.2.1.3. The PLS_INTEGER datatype

pointers to objects : (see
references to objects)
polymorphism :
18.1.4.4. Polymorphism
PORT_STRING function :
C.16.10. The PORT_STRING function
portability :
1.3.1. Improved Application Portability with PL/SQL
POSITIVE datatype :
4.2.1.1. Binary integer datatypes
Post-Query trigger :
6.3.2.1. Inefficiencies of implicit cursors
POWER function :
13.1.14. The POWER function
PRAGMA keyword :
2.6. The PRAGMA Keyword
pragmas
EXCEPTION_INIT :
8.3.3.1. The EXCEPTION_INIT pragma
RESTRICT_REFEFRENCES :
17.3. Requirements for Stored Functions in SQL
RESTRICT_REFERENCES
17.5.1. The RESTRICT_REFERENCES Pragma
17.7.1. Manual Application of Pragmas
precedence, identifiers in cursors :
6.4.3. Identifier Precedence in a Cursor
precision :
4.2.1.2. Decimal numeric datatypes
predefined system exceptions :
8.3.1. Named System Exceptions

PRIOR function
10.8.2.7. The PRIOR function
19.6.7. PRIOR(i), NEXT(i)
private
elements, package
16.2.2. The Body
16.2.4. Public and Private Package Elements
global data :
16.5.4. Global Private Data
privileges
collections :
19.8.1. Privileges
of objects :
18.3.7. Privileges
procedural code, avoiding :
25.3.5. Avoid Procedural Code When Possible
procedures
(see also
functions; modules)
1.4.3.10. Modular construction
15. Procedures and Functions
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15.4. Procedures
22.1.1. Make Sure the Module Name Explains the Module
changing trigger code to :
25.3.7. Keep Database Triggers Small
for collections :
19.6. Collection Built-Ins
external
(see

external procedures)
1.4.7.5. External procedures
headers of :
15.4.2. Procedure Header
IN OUT parameters in :
22.2.1.2. Switch to a procedure with IN OUT parameters
local :
15.7. Local Modules
parameters of :
15.6. Parameters
records as parameters :
9.1.4. Guidelines for Using Records
remote
22.7.5. Default Values and Remote Procedure Calls
23.4. Remote Procedure Calls
RETURN statements in :
15.5.8.5. RETURN statement in a procedure
shared :
23.1.1. Executing Procedures
stored, from PL/SQL Version 1.1 :
B. Calling Stored Procedures from PL/SQL Version 1.1
synonyms for :
23.2.2. Creating Synonyms for Stored Objects
tables as parameters for :
10.5.4. Passing PL/SQL Tables as Parameters
production support :
26.2. Tracing for Production Support
Program Global Area (PGA) :
25.3.1. Use Package Data to Minimize SQL Access
PROGRAM_ERROR exception :

8.3.1. Named System Exceptions
programmer-defined
exceptions
8.3.2. Named Programmer-Defined Exceptions
8.3.4. Unnamed Programmer-Defined Exceptions
scope of :
8.4.1.1. Scope of programmer-defined exception
records
1.4.3.3. Programmer-defined records
9.4. Programmer-Defined Records
subtypes :
1.4.4.4. Programmer-defined subtypes
programmer-defined datatypes : (see
subtypes)
programmer-defined PL/SQL functions : (see
stored functions, PL/SQL)
programming : (see
coding)
Programming Companion Utilities Guide :
A. What's on the Companion Disk?
programs
analyzing performance of :
25.1. Analyzing Program Performance
enabling tracing of :
26.1.1. Enabling Program Units for Tracing
pinning into SGA shared pool :
25.2.2. Pin Critical Code into the SGA
shared, executing :
23.1. Executing Stored Code
testing :

24.2.5. Change and Test One Area of Code at a Time
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progress boxes : 22.6.3. Progress Box as ADT
progress package :
22.6.4.1. The progress package specification
propagation of exceptions :
8.4.2. Propagation of an Exception
properties, object : (see
attributes, object)
privileges, object views :
20.7.2. Privileges
pseudoinstructions :
2.6. The PRAGMA Keyword
public
elements, package
16.2.1. The Specification
16.2.4. Public and Private Package Elements
global data :
16.5.3. Global Public Data
PURGE procedure :
C.10.4. The PURGE procedure
PURGE_LOG procedure :
C.13.3. The PURGE_LOG procedure
PURGE_LOST_DB procedure :
C.15.16. The PURGE_LOST_DB procedure
PURGE_MIXED procedure :
C.15.15. The PURGE_MIXED procedure
purity levels, packages :
17.5.1. The RESTRICT_REFERENCES Pragma
PUT procedure :

C.17.1.8. The PUT procedure
PUT_LINE function :
23.1.2. Executing Functions
PUT_LINE procedure
C.9.7. The PUT_LINE procedure
C.17.1.10. The PUT_LINE procedure
PUTF procedure :
C.17.1.9. The PUTF procedure
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Index: Q
qualified identifiers : 15.3.5.1. Qualified identifiers
queries and correlated subqueries :
17.8.3. Replacing Correlated Subqueries
queue managing, with DBMS_JOB : (see
DBMS_JOB)
queue, managing (example) :
6.13.2. Managing a Work Queue with SELECT FOR UPDATE
queuing, advanced :
1.4.7.2. Oracle/AQ, the Advanced Queueing Facility
queuing facility
C.3. Oracle AQ, the Advanced Queueing Facility
administration of :
C.3.2. DBMS_AQADM (PL/SQL 8 Only)
quick-and-dirty tracing :

26.5. Quick-and-Dirty Tracing
quotation marks
2.3.1. Embedding Single Quotes Inside a String
11.1.10. The REPLACE function
embedding :
2.3.1. Embedding Single Quotes Inside a String
2.3.1. Embedding Single Quotes Inside a String
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Index: R
RAISE statement
8.5.1.2. Programmer raises ZERO_DIVIDE exception
8.10. RAISE Nothing but Exceptions
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR procedure
8.3.4. Unnamed Programmer-Defined Exceptions
8.7. Client-Server Error Communication
raising exceptions
(see also
exceptions)
8.4.1.2. Raising exceptions in nested blocks
8.5. Raising an Exception
8.10. RAISE Nothing but Exceptions
range scheme, FOR loops :
7.3. The Numeric FOR Loop
RAW datatype

4.2.3.4. The RAW datatype
14.2.3. The HEXTORAW function
RAWTOHEX function :
14.2.4. The RAWTOHEX function
RDBMS language :
1.3.1. Improved Application Portability with PL/SQL
read consistency, stored functions and :
17.7.2. Read Consistency Model Complications
READ procedure :
C.6.13. The READ procedure
read-committed isolation level :
6.1.4. The SET TRANSACTION Statement
read-only parameters : (see
IN mode)
read-only transactions :
6.1.4. The SET TRANSACTION Statement
READ_ONLY procedure :
C.15.7. The READ_ONLY procedure
READ_WRITE procedure :
C.15.8. The READ_WRITE procedure
readability of code :
15.7.3. Improving Readability
readability, local modules for :
1.7.1. Write as Little Code as Possible
REAL subtype :
4.2.2. Numeric Subtypes
real-time production support :
26.2.1. Features of a Real-Time Support Mechanism
RECEIVE_MESSAGE function :
C.10.5. The RECEIVE_MESSAGE function

records
(see also
variables)
1.4.3.3. Programmer-defined records
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1.7.1. Write as Little Code as Possible
4. Variables and Program Data
9. Records in PL/SQL
accessing data from :
9.1.2. Accessing Record-Based Data
child :
8.3.3.1. The EXCEPTION_INIT pragma
collections as components of :
19.2.2.2. Collections as components of a record
comparing :
9.1.6. Comparing Two Records
compatibility of :
9.6. Record Types and Record Compatibility
corresponding to cursors :
9.1.4. Guidelines for Using Records
cursor FOR loops :
7.4.2. The Cursor FOR Loop Record
cursor-based
(see also
cursors)
9.3. Cursor-Based Records
declaring
9.2.1. Declaring Records with the %ROWTYPE Attribute
9.4.2. Declaring the Record
deleting

10.7. Clearing the PL/SQL Table
10.8.2.2. The DELETE procedure
fetching into : (see
FETCH statement)
filling :
10.6. Filling the Rows of a PL/SQL Table
index-by tables of :
25.4.8. Use Index-By Tables of Records and Objects
initializing :
9.6.2. Record Initialization
locking :
6.11. SELECT FOR UPDATE in Cursors
manual :
9.6.1.1. Manual records
naming columns of :
9.3.2. Setting the Record's Column Names
nested :
9.7. Nested Records
as parameters :
9.1.4. Guidelines for Using Records
programmer-defined :
9.4. Programmer-Defined Records
referencing :
9.1.5. Referencing a Record and its Fields
setting to NULL :
9.6.1.3. Setting records to NULL
table-based :
9.2. Table-Based Records
in tables :
10.8. PL/SQL Table Enhancements in PL/SQL Release 2.3

referencing fields of :
10.8.1.1. Referencing fields of record elements in PL/SQL tables
recursion, mutual : (see
forward declarations)
recursive object types :
18.3.5.1. Forward type definitions
recursive processing :
17.8.7. Recursive Processing in a SQL Statement
redundancy
avoiding in package bodies :
1.7.3. Center All Development Around Packages
local modules for :
1.7.1. Write as Little Code as Possible
REF CURSOR type
(see also
cursor variables)
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6.12.3. Declaring REF CURSOR Types and Cursor Variables
6.12.6.3. Cursor variable aliases
identifying :
6.12.7.1. Identifying the REF CURSOR type
REF keyword :
18.2.3. Adding Complex Data Structures
reference pointers : (see
REFs)
references to host variables :
25.4.3.2. Minimize references to host variables
references to objects : (see
REFs)
referencing

record fields in tables :
10.8.1.1. Referencing fields of record elements in PL/SQL tables
table rows :
10.5. Referencing and Modifying PL/SQL Table Rows
REFRESH procedure :
C.13.4. The REFRESH procedure
REFRESH_ALL procedure :
C.13.5. The REFRESH_ALL procedure
REFs (object references)
18.1.4.3. Inheritance
18.2.3. Adding Complex Data Structures
18.4.2.2. REFs
as collection elements :
19.2.1. Collections "In the Database"
DEREF operator and :
18.4.2.4. DEREF
object views and
20. Object Views
20.3.3. MAKE_REF: Returning a Virtual REF
20.4.2. Using REFs with Object Views
as operators :
18.4.2.2. REFs
as type modifiers :
18.4.2.2. REFs
REGISTER procedure :
C.2.1. The REGISTER procedure
relational (=) operators :
2.1. The PL/SQL Character Set
Release 1.1, PL/SQL
1.4.8. PL/SQL Release 1.1

10.9.4.3. Features of the array package
Release 2.1, PL/SQL :
1.4.4. PL/SQL Release 2.1
new_add_months function :
12.2.1. Customizing the Behavior of ADD_MONTHS
overloaded modules :
15.8.4. Restrictions on Overloading
Release 2.2, PL/SQL :
1.4.5. PL/SQL Release 2.2
cursor variables :
6.12. Cursor Variables
Release 2.3, PL/SQL
1.4.6. PL/SQL Release 2.3
10.1.1. PL/SQL Tables
tables :
10.8. PL/SQL Table Enhancements in PL/SQL Release 2.3
RELEASE function :
C.7.3. The RELEASE function
releasing record locks :
6.11.1. Releasing Locks with COMMIT
remainder function :
13.1.13. The MOD function
remote dependency
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1.4.6.4. Improved remote dependency model
1.4.7.5. External procedures
remote procedure calls (RPCs) :
B.2.3. No Direct Remote Procedure Calls
remote procedures
22.7.5. Default Values and Remote Procedure Calls

23.4. Remote Procedure Calls
REMOVE procedure
C.2.2. The REMOVE procedure
C.5.6. The REMOVE procedure
REMOVE_PIPE function :
C.10.6. The REMOVE_PIPE function
REMOVEALL procedure :
C.2.3. The REMOVEALL procedure
removing : (see
deleting)
REPEAT UNTIL loop :
7.2.2. Emulating a REPEAT UNTIL Loop
repetitive code
(see
redundancy)
15.7.1. Benefits of Local Modularization
REPLACE function
(see also
TRANSLATE function)
4.3.3. Function Results with NULL Arguments
11.1.10. The REPLACE function
11.1.15. The TRANSLATE function
replacing characters in strings :
11.1.15. The TRANSLATE function
REQUEST function :
C.7.4. The REQUEST function
reserved words
2.2.1. Reserved Words
3.1.2. Using Case to Aid Readability
RESET_BUFFER procedure :

C.10.7. The RESET_BUFFER procedure
RESET_PACKAGE procedure :
C.12.3. The RESET_PACKAGE procedure
RESTRICT_REFEFRENCES pragma :
17.3. Requirements for Stored Functions in SQL
RESTRICT_REFERENCES pragma :
17.5.1. The RESTRICT_REFERENCES Pragma
manual application of :
17.7.1. Manual Application of Pragmas
RETURN datatype :
15.5.2. The RETURN Datatype
RETURN statement
6.4.4. The Cursor RETURN Clause
7.7.2.3. RETURN statement
15.5.8. The RETURN Statement
cursor :
6.4. Declaring Cursors
in procedures :
15.5.8.5. RETURN statement in a procedure
overloaded functions :
15.8.4. Restrictions on Overloading
of package cursors :
16.3.2. Declaring Package Cursors
using single :
22.2.2. Use a Single RETURN Statement for Successful Termination
reusing code :
1.7.1. Write as Little Code as Possible
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REVERSE keyword : 7.3.1. Rules for Numeric FOR Loops
rights models :

18.3.7.3. Rights model
RNDS purity code :
17.5.1. The RESTRICT_REFERENCES Pragma
RNPS purity code :
17.5.1. The RESTRICT_REFERENCES Pragma
ROLLBACK procedure :
C.15.9. The ROLLBACK procedure
ROLLBACK statement
6.1.2. The ROLLBACK Statement
6.11.1. Releasing Locks with COMMIT
ROLLBACK TO statement :
6.1.2. The ROLLBACK Statement
ROLLBACK_FORCE procedure :
C.15.10. The ROLLBACK_FORCE procedure
ROLLBACK_SAVEPOINT procedure :
C.15.11. The ROLLBACK_SAVEPOINT procedure
ROUND function
12.1.6. The ROUND function
13.1.15. The ROUND function
rounding dates :
12.1.6. The ROUND function
row numbers, converting expressions to :
10.5.1. Automatic Conversion of Row Number Expressions
%ROWCOUNT cursor attribute :
6.9.3. The %ROWCOUNT Attribute
ROWID datatype :
4.2.3.6. The ROWID datatype
converting to/from :
14.2.1. The CHARTOROWID function
ROWID_BLOCK_NUMBER function :

C.11.6. The ROWID_BLOCK_NUMBER function
ROWID_CREATE function :
C.11.1. The ROWID_CREATE function
ROWID_INFO procedure :
C.11.2. The ROWID_INFO procedure
ROWID_OBJECT function :
C.11.4. The ROWID_OBJECT function
ROWID_RELATIVE_FNO function :
C.11.5. The ROWID_RELATIVE_FNO function
ROWID_ROW_NUMBER function :
C.11.7. The ROWID_ROW_NUMBER function
ROWID_TO_ABSOLUTE_FNO function :
C.11.8. The ROWID_TO_ABSOLUTE_FNO function
ROWID_TO_EXTENDED function :
C.11.9. The ROWID_TO_EXTENDED function
ROWID_TO_RESTRICTED function :
C.11.10. The ROWID_TO_RESTRICTED function
ROWID_TYPE function :
C.11.3. The ROWID_TYPE function
ROWID_VERIFY function :
C.11.11. The ROWID_VERIFY function
ROWIDs, DBMS_ROWID package for :
C.11. DBMS_ROWID (PL/SQL8 Only)
ROWIDTOCHAR function :
14.2.5. The ROWIDTOCHAR function
rows, table
(see also
records)
9.1.1. Different Types of Records
data-smart numbers for :

10.9.2. Data-Smart Row Numbers in PL/SQL Tables
negative index :
10.2. Characteristics of PL/SQL Tables
objects for :
18.1.2. Some Simple Examples
referencing and modifying :
10.5. Referencing and Modifying PL/SQL Table Rows
%ROWTYPE attribute
1.7.2. Synchronize Program and Data Structures
9.2.1. Declaring Records with the %ROWTYPE Attribute
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15.6.1.1. %TYPE and %ROWTYPE
in cursor declarations : (see
cursors)
ROWTYPE_MISMATCH exception :
6.12.5.2. Handling the ROWTYPE_MISMATCH exception
RPAD function :
11.1.11. The RPAD function
RPCs (remote procedure calls) :
23.4. Remote Procedure Calls
RR format model :
14.3.3. RR: Changing Millenia
RTRIM function :
11.1.12. The RTRIM function
run authority
(see
execute authority)
1.3.2. Improved Execution Authority and Transaction Integrity with PL/SQL
RUN procedure :
C.5.7. The RUN procedure

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Index: S
SAVEPOINT procedure : C.15.12. The SAVEPOINT procedure
SAVEPOINT statement :
6.1.3. The SAVEPOINT Statement
savepoints
(see also
ROLLBACK statement)
6.1.2. The ROLLBACK Statement
COMMIT statements and :
6.1.1. The COMMIT Statement
creating :
6.1.3. The SAVEPOINT Statement
saving virtual REFs :
20.4.3. Storage of Virtual REFs
scalar datatypes : (see
datatypes)
scalar values and aggregates :
17.8.2. Combining Scalar and Aggregate Values
scale :
4.2.1.2. Decimal numeric datatypes
scheduling jobs
DBMS_JOB for
C.5. DBMS_ JOB

1.4.5.3. Job scheduling with DBMS_ JOB
schema evolution
object types and :
18.6.3. Schema Evolution
object views and
20. Object Views
20.6. Schema Evolution
scope
1.6.5. Scoping with nested blocks
2.7.2. Scope of a Block
15.3.4.2. Nested blocks provide scope
cursor :
15.3.5.4. Cursor scope
of cursor parameters :
6.10.3. Scope of Cursor Parameters
of cursor variables :
6.12.6.4. Scope of cursor object
of exceptions :
8.4.1. Scope of an Exception
of local modules :
15.7.5. Scope of Local Modules
of loops :
7.6.2. Loop Scope
nested blocks and :
15.3.5.2. Scope and nested blocks
second : (see
date; time)
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security
backups : (see backups)

encrypting code :
23.7. Encrypting Stored Code
SELECT COUNT(*) :
1.7.5. Structured Code and Other Best Practices
SELECT INTO statement :
9.5.2. SELECT INTO from an Implicit Cursor
select lists :
6.4.2. PL/SQL Variables in a Cursor
SELECT statement
assigning objects :
18.4.1.3. Assignment via FETCH (with SELECT)
in cursor declarations :
6.4. Declaring Cursors
cursors and :
6.2. Cursors in PL/SQL
SELECT FOR UPDATE statement
6.11. SELECT FOR UPDATE in Cursors
6.13.2. Managing a Work Queue with SELECT FOR UPDATE
SELECT INTO statement
initializing collections :
19.4.1.3. Initializing implicitly via fetch
THE function with :
19.5.1. The THE Pseudo-function
SELECT statements
(see also
DML statements)
4.2.3.2. The VARCHAR2 and VARCHAR datatypes
9.1.5. Referencing a Record and its Fields
10.3. PL/SQL Tables and DML Statements
SELF object

18.1.2. Some Simple Examples
18.3.5. SELF: The Implied Parameter
IN mode for :
18.3.4.2. Dots in method invocations
semicolon (;) :
2.4. The Semicolon Delimiter
SEND_MESSAGE function :
C.10.8. The SEND_MESSAGE function
sequential control structures :
5.2. Sequential Control Statements
formatting :
3.3. Formatting Control Structures
sequential processing :
17.8.6. Sequential Processing Against a Column's Value
serializable isolation level :
6.1.4. The SET TRANSACTION Statement
servers, PL/SQL integration with (example) :
19.7. Example: PL/SQL-to-Server Integration
session, user :
13.3.9. The USERENV function
SET clause, functions in :
17.1. Looking at the Problem
SET TRANSACTION statements :
6.1.4. The SET TRANSACTION Statement
SET_BLOCK_PROPERTY :
14.3.4. Using TO_CHAR to Create a Date Range
SET_DEFAULTS procedure :
C.2.4. The SET_DEFAULTS procedure
SET_LABEL procedure :
C.12.4. The SET_LABEL procedure

SET_MLS_LABEL procedure :
C.12.5. The SET_NLS_LABEL procedure
SET_NLS procedure :
C.12.6. The SET_NLS procedure
SET_ROLE procedure :
C.12.7. The SET_ROLE procedure
SET_SQL_TRACE procedure :
C.12.8. The SET_SQL_TRACE procedure
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