Design and development of aloe vera peeling and dicing system

BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO
TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC SƯ PHẠM KỸ THUẬT TP. HỒ CHÍ MINH
KHOA CƠ KHÍ CHẾ TẠO MÁY

ĐỒ ÁN TỐT NGHIỆP
NGÀNH CÔNG NGHỆ CHẾ TẠO MÁY

THIẾT KẾ VÀ PHÁT TRIỂN ALOE VERA
HỆ THỐNG PEELING AND DICING

GVHD: PGS.TS. NGUYỄN TRƯỜNG THỊNH
SVTH: LÊ HỒNG HIẾU
MSSV: 12143067
DƯƠNG HÙNG DŨNG
MSSV: 12143028
NGUYỄN HẢI ĐĂNG
MSSV: 12143473

S KL0 0 4 7 4 5

Tp. Hồ Chí Minh, tháng 01 năm 2016


MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
HO CHI MINH UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION

FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

GRADUATION PROJECT
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ALOE VERA
PEELING AND DICING SYSTEM

Advisor: Assoc.Prof., Dr. NGUYEN TRUONG THINH
Students: LE HONG HIEU

12143067

DUONG HUNG DUNG

12143028

NGUYEN HAI DANG

12143473

Ho Chi Minh City, January 2017


MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
HO CHI MINH UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT OF MACHINERY MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY

GRADUATION PROJECT
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ALOE VERA
PEELING AND DICING SYSTEM
Advisor: Assoc.Prof., Dr. NGUYEN TRUONG THINH
Students: LE HONG HIEU

12143067

DUONG HUNG DUNG

12143028

NGUYEN HAI DANG

12143473

Ho Chi Minh City, January 2017


HCMC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND
EDUCATION

SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIET NAM

Independence - Liberty - Happiness

FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINERRING

GRADUATION PROJECT OBJECTIVES
Advisor:

Assoc. Prof., Dr. NGUYEN TRUONG THINH

Students:

LE HONG HIEU

Student ID: 12143067

DUONG HUNG DUNG

Student ID: 12143028

NGUYEN HAI DANG

Student ID: 12143473

1. Project
“Design And Development Of Aloe Vera Peeling And Dicing System”
2. Input Information
 Capacity 5000 kg/hr
 Aloe haven’t been peeled and filleted
3. Objectives
 Research the Aloe vera machine in Viet Nam and in foreign
 Meet the capacity of 5000 kg/hr
 Develop the system base on the objectives
4. Results
 Aloe peeling and dicing system with capacity 5000 kg/hr
 Peeling effect > 90%
5. Date: 7/9/2016
6. Deadline: 8/12/2017

DEAN OF FACULTY

HEAD OF DEPARTMENT

ADVISOR

(sign)

(sign)

(sign)


COMMITMENT
Project:

ALOE VERA PEELING AND DICING SYSTEM

Advisor: Assoc. Prof., Dr. NGUYEN TRUONG THINH
Student: LE HONG HIEU
Student ID: 12143067 Class: 129430A Phone number: 0979.381.314
Addresss: Mo Duc town, Mo Duc District, Quang Ngai Province
Email:
Student: DUONG HUNG DUNG
Student ID :12143028

Class: 129430A Phone number: 0977357714

Address: An Binh Ward, Di An district, Binh Duong province
Student: NGUYEN HAI DANG
Student ID: 12143473 Class: 129430A Phone number: 01645704496
Address: Thanh Binh Village, Vung Liem district, Vinh Long province
Email:
Deadine: 8/2/2017
Commitment: “Aloe vera peeling and dicing system is researched and developed by us,
we don’t copy any paper or research without listing on references. If there is any
violation, we would like to take full responsibility.”

Ho Chi Minh City, January 24 2017
Sign


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT


Graduation project is the result of all knowledge that students have been taught in
their studying at university. This is the opportunity for students to bring their knowledge
into practical research. Graduation project helps students improve their knowledge and
compare their knowledge taught at university with practical process.
“Aloe peeling and dicing system” has been finished after 6 months of researching
and. It is not only the effort of our team but also the encouragement of the teachers in my
Faculty. We really want to give our special thanks to Advisor Nguyen Truong Thinh who
always stands by our side, helps us very much during graduation project time. We also
give our respect to all teachers in university for hepling us to finish this project.


ABSTRACT
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ALOE VERA
PEELING AND DICING SYSTEM

Aloe vera is a tropical or sub-tropical plant with turgid lace-shaped green leaves with
jagged edges and sharp points. The plant contains two separate juice materials, a yellow
latex (exudate), extracted from the vascular bundles at the junction between the rind and
the fillets, and a transparent mucilaginous gel, extruded from the inner pulp. Nowadays, the
need of products from Aloe processing is very large. As a result, the raw material area is
appearing more and more so it is enough Aloe for factories to remain manufacturing
continuously. When Aloe vera leaves are harvested, it contains dirt and other impurities.
The yellow fluid secretion from the harvested leaves should be completely removed from

the leaf for its prolage layer below the green rind avoiding the vascular bundles and the
top rind is also removed with the help of cutter. The bottom rind is similarly removed. After
being peeled the rind, Aloe vera will be diced to support for any next processes, such as
making Aloe yogurt, Aloe health drink, Aloe juice… It is not only save time but also be
easy to be preserved and transported. In this project, designing process of Aloe vera peeling
and cutting system is described. The content of this paper includes 6 chapters. At the first,
chapter 1 introduced the aloe vera and why do we need to develop Aloe vera peeling and
dicing system. It highlights the detail design solutions considering the peeling principle.
Besides, chapter 2 describes a method of design and development of Aloe peeling and
dicing system. Next chapter shows technology procedure. Chapter 4 presents the electrical
recruit. Chapter 5 gives the results and discussions after completing the machine and get
experiments, next it also describes the results archived and the advantages of the new Aloe
peeling and dicing mechanism. Finally, Chapter 6 highlights the conclusions as well as the
need for the further research and studies.
Students


Table of contents
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 1
I. WHAT IS ALOE VERA .......................................................................................................... 1
1. Aloe Vera .................................................................................................................................... 1
2. Structure of Aloe vera leaf ........................................................................................................ 2
II. PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PROJECT ................................................................... 5
III. PROJECT OBJECTIVES ..................................................................................................... 5
1. Overall objective ........................................................................................................................ 5
2. Detail objective........................................................................................................................... 6
3. Scope of project .......................................................................................................................... 6
IV. SOMES PEELING PROCESSES OF ALOE MACHINE .................................................. 6
V. THE SYSTEM OF ALOE VERA PEELING MACHINE ................................................... 7
VI. THE RESEARCHES RELATING TO THE PROJECT .................................................... 7

1. In foreign .................................................................................................................................... 7
2. In Viet Nam ................................................................................................................................ 9
VII. THE NECESSARY OF PROJECT ..................................................................................... 9
CHAPTER II: MECHANICAL DESIGNING ......................................................................... 11
I. ENERGY THEORY OF FRACTURE FOR AN LASTIC FILM-KENDALL’S MODEL ..
............................................................................................................................................ 12
II. DESIGNING THE PEEING MECHANISIM .................................................................... 15
1. Aloe peeling principal .............................................................................................................. 15
2. Designing the flexible roller .................................................................................................... 15
3. Motor and trasmission ratio ................................................................................................... 18
4. Designing chain transmissions............................................................................................... 22
5. Roller test.................................................................................................................................. 25
6. Bearings .................................................................................................................................... 28
III. DESIGNING THE FILLET MECHANISM ...................................................................... 29
1. Aloe fillet principle .................................................................................................................. 29
2. Designing the fillet mechanism ............................................................................................... 29
3. Motor and transmisson ratio .................................................................................................. 30
4. Designing chain transmissions............................................................................................... 35
5. Fixed roller and leaf-leading roller test ................................................................................. 38
6. Bearings .................................................................................................................................... 41


IV. ALOE VERA DICING MECHANISM .............................................................................. 42
1. Dicing priciple .......................................................................................................................... 42
2. Design the vertical cutting roller ............................................................................................ 43
3. Design the horizontal cutting roller ....................................................................................... 44
4. Motor and transmissions ........................................................................................................ 45
5. Designing chain transmissions............................................................................................... 50
6. Vertical cutting roller test ....................................................................................................... 54
7. Bearings .................................................................................................................................... 57

8. Horizontal cutting roller test .................................................................................................. 58
9. Bearings .................................................................................................................................... 61
V. DESIGNING THE CUTTER ............................................................................................... 63
1. Angle ....................................................................................................................................... 63
2. Cutting force ............................................................................................................................ 63
VI. DESIGNING THE LEAF-FEEDING CONVEYOR-BELT ............................................. 65
1. Crossing area ........................................................................................................................... 65
2. Conveyor-belt speed ................................................................................................................ 65
3. Conveyor power ....................................................................................................................... 65
4. Conveyor width ........................................................................................................................ 66
5. Angle ....................................................................................................................................... 66
6. Force on conveyor .................................................................................................................... 66
CHAPTER III: TECHNOLOGY PROCEDURE .................................................................... 68
I. DESIGNING THE TECHNOLOGY PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING
FLEXIBLE ROLLER ................................................................................................................. 68
II. DESIGNING THE TECHNOLOGY PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING THE
FIXED ROLLER ......................................................................................................................... 72
III. DESIGING THE TECHNOLOGY PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING THE
VERTICAL CUTTING ROLLER ............................................................................................ 75
IV. DESIGING THE TECHNOLOGY PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING THE
HORIZONTAL CUTTING ROLLER ...................................................................................... 78
CHAPTER IV: DESIGN OF ELECTRICAL RECRUIT ....................................................... 81
I. CONTROLL SYSTEM ........................................................................................................... 81
II. ELECTRICAL RECRUIT .................................................................................................... 81
III. ELECTRIC DEVICES ......................................................................................................... 83
IV. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION CONTROLL CIRCUIT ................................................. 83


CHAPTER V : RESULT AND DISCUSSION ........................................................................ 84
I. PARTS ...................................................................................................................................... 84

II. RESULT .................................................................................................................................. 88
III. THE STRENGTHS OF THE PROJECT ........................................................................... 91
IV. THE WEAKNESSES OF THE PROJECT ........................................................................ 91
CHAPTER VI : CONCLUSION AND FURTHER RESEARCH .......................................... 92
I. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................ 92
II. FURRTHER RESEARCH .................................................................................................... 92
III. SUGGESTION ...................................................................................................................... 92
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................ 94


Table of Figures
Figure 1.1: The shape of Aloe vera (Internet) ............................................................................. 1
Figure 1.2: Some products from Aloe vera ( Internet) ............................................................... 2
Figure 1.3: Physical structure of Aloe vera leaf [3] ................................................................... 3
Figure 1.4: Some Aloe peeling processes flowchart .................................................................... 6
Figure 1.5: Flowchart of Aloe vera peeling and dicing system of this project ......................... 7
Figure 1.6: Aloe peeling machine of TecnoTrans-Sa company (Germany) ............................. 8
Figure 1.7: Aloe peeling machine of Mexico ............................................................................... 8
Figure 1.8: Aloe peeling machine of Xingtai City Judu Commercial (China) ......................... 9
Figure 1.9: Peeling Aloe vera by hand ....................................................................................... 10
Figure 1.10: Aloe vera which is planted in Ninh Thuan Province .......................................... 10
Firure 2.1: Aloe peeling system .................................................................................................. 11
Figure 2.2: Kinematric diagram of fillet machanism ............................................................... 11
Figure 2.3: Kinematric diagram of peeling mechanism ........................................................... 12
Figure 2.4: Kinematric diagram of dicing mechanism ............................................................ 12
Figure 2.5: Schematic of the peeling-off system........................................................................ 13
Figure 2.6: Peeling system inllustration .................................................................................... 13
Figure 2.7: Crossing section of Aloe after passing the rollers ................................................. 15
Figure 2.8: Flexible roller ........................................................................................................... 16
Figure 2.9: The gap of two rollers ............................................................................................. 16

Figure 2.10: The distance of two rollers .................................................................................... 17
Figure 2.11: The structure of flexible roller .............................................................................. 17
Figure 2.12: The dimensions of flexible roller .......................................................................... 18
Figure 2.13 : Flexible roller ........................................................................................................ 19
Figure 2.14: The coordinate system for calculating flexible roller ......................................... 25
Figure 2.15: Load diagram of flexible roller ............................................................................. 25
Figure 2.16: The moment diagram of flexible roller ................................................................ 26
Figure 2.17: Fixed roller ............................................................................................................. 29
Figure 2.18: Dimensions of fixed roller ..................................................................................... 30
Figure 2.19 : Dimensions of fixed roller .................................................................................... 31
Figure 2.20: The dimensions of conveyor roller ....................................................................... 32
Figure 2.21: The coordinate system for calculating fixed roller ............................................. 38


Figure 2.22:Load diagram of fixed roller .................................................................................. 38
Figure 2.23:Moment diagram of fixed roller ............................................................................ 39
Figure 2.24: Dicing principle ...................................................................................................... 42
Figure 2.25: Aloe vertical cutting priciple ................................................................................. 43
Figure 2.26: Aloe horizontal cutting principle .......................................................................... 43
Figure 2.27: Vertical cutting roller ............................................................................................ 43
Figure 2.28:Dimensions of vertical cutting roller ..................................................................... 44
Figure 2.29: Horizontal cutting roller ....................................................................................... 44
Figure 2.30: Dimensions of horizontal cutting roller ............................................................... 44
Figure 2.31:Horizontal cutting roller ........................................................................................ 46
Figure 2.32: Horizontal cutter .................................................................................................... 46
Figure 2.33: Apron ...................................................................................................................... 46
Figure 2.34 : Vertical cutting roller ........................................................................................... 47
Figure 2.35: Disk-shape cutter ................................................................................................... 47
Figure 2.36: The rings ................................................................................................................. 47
Figure 2.37:The coordinate system for calculating vertical cutting roller ............................. 54

Figure 2.38:Load diagram vertical cutting roller ..................................................................... 55
Figure 2.39:Moment diagram of vertical cutting roller ........................................................... 55
Figure 2.40:The coordinate system for calculating horizontal cutting roller ........................ 58
Figure 2.41: Load diagram of horizontal cutting roller ........................................................... 58
Figure 2.42:Moment diagram of horizontal cutting roller ...................................................... 59
Figure 2.43: Aloe filleting cutter ................................................................................................ 63
Figure 2.44: Fillet Cutter ............................................................................................................ 64
Figure 2.45 :Dimensions of conveyor ......................................................................................... 65
Figure 2.46 : Conveyor width ..................................................................................................... 66
Figure 2.47 : The forces on conveyor [9] ................................................................................... 67
Figure 4.1: Block diagram of controll system ........................................................................... 81
Figure 4.2: Aloe vera electrical recruit ...................................................................................... 82
Figure 5.1: Aloe vera vertical cutting roller .............................................................................. 84
Figure 5.2: Aloe vera horizontal cutting roller ......................................................................... 84
Figure 5.3: Aloe vera dicing mechanism ................................................................................... 85
Figure 5.4: Fixed roller ............................................................................................................... 85
Figure 5.5: Flexible roller ........................................................................................................... 86


Figure 5.6: Peeling mechanism ................................................................................................... 86
Figure 5.7: Aloe vera bone .......................................................................................................... 87
Figure 5.8: Some another parts .................................................................................................. 87
Figure 5.9: Aloe vera peeling and dicing system....................................................................... 88
Figure 5.10: Aloe vera after being peeled .................................................................................. 89
Figure 5.11: Results after being diced ....................................................................................... 89
Figure 5.12 : Size and weight of Aloe vera dice per a leaf ....................................................... 90
Figure 5.13 : Size of Aloe vera dice per a leaf ........................................................................... 90


Table of Tables

Table 1.1: Major medical compositions of Aloe vera [3] ........................................................... 4
Table 2.1: Roller parameters ...................................................................................................... 22
Table 2.2:Dimensions of keyway, value of moments at dangerous sections ........................... 27
Table 2.4: Parameters of chain transmission of fillet mechanism .......................................... 34
Table 2.5: The dimensions of keyway, the value of moments at dangerous sections ............ 40
Table 2.6: The parameters at dangerous sections .................................................................... 41
Table 2.7: The parameters of chain transmission of dicing mechanism ................................ 50
Table 2.8: The dimensions of keyway, the value of moments .................................................. 56
Table 2.9: The parameters of some dangerous sections ........................................................... 57
Table 2.10: The dimensions of keyway, the value of moments at dangerous section ............ 60
Table 2.11: The parameters at dangerous sections ................................................................. 60
Table 3.1 Technology procedure of flexible roller .................................................................... 68
Table 3.2: Technology procedure of fixed roller ...................................................................... 72
Table 3.3: Technology procedure of vertical cutting roller ..................................................... 75
Table 3.4: Technology procedure of horizontal cutting roller ................................................ 78
Table 4.1: Electric devices .......................................................................................................... 83


CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
I. WHAT IS ALOE VERA
1. Aloe Vera
Aloe vera is a tropical or sub-tropical plant with turgid lace-shaped green leaves
with jagged edges and sharp points. The plants is a member of the lily family
(Liliaceae), not the cactus family as many would believe from the rosette-like
arrangement of the long spliked leaves on the central stem. There are over 300 species
of Aloe which are planted mainly in Africa, Asia and some areas in America and
Europe, but Aloe vera L. is recognized as the “true Aloe vera” for its widespread use
and purported healing powers. The plant contains two separate juice materials, a yellow
latex (exudate), extracted from the vascular bundles at the junction between the rind
and the fillets, and a transparent mucilaginous gel, extruded from the inner pulp. [1]

In Viet Nam, Aloe vera is planted along all the provinces, but most in the middle
of the country and in the South. Aloe is planted for medicine and cosmestic. It
developes well in the full-sunshine condition.

Figure 1.1: The shape of Aloe vera (Internet)
Aloe vera can grow up to 100 cm height, although most specimens are from 30 to
60 cm height. It has thick leaves that grow in the rosette shape. The parenchyma cell of
the leaves contain large quantities of pulp. The fleshy leaves with serrated edges that
arise from a central base and grow to nearly 30-60 cm long have 10cm width at the
base.
The plants can be harvested every 6 to 8 weeks by removing 3 to 4 leaves per plant.
Aloe vera leaves are normally sensitives to subfreezing temperature. The weather
conditions are highly affect the Aloe vera processing schedule. Pulling back on the
green leaf and cutting at the white base carry out the harvesting of the Aloe Vera leaf
is harvested anf pulled carefully from the mother plant as not to break the rind. [2]
In biblical times, the Egyptains hailed Aloe vera as a plant of immortality. Ancient
Egyptain papyrus and Mesopotamian clay tablets described Aloe as useful in curing
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infections, treating skin problems and as a lazxative. Aloe vera still has an important
role in the traditional medicine of many contempory cultures. The Chinese call is their
elixir of youth and dexcribe Aloe’skin and the inner lining of its leaves as a cold, bitter
remedy which is downward draining and used to clear constipation due to accumulation
of heat. [3]
Nowadays, people has proved and confirmed of the role of Aloe vera in the human
life, specically in the nutritional, pharmaceutinal, and cosmetic uses. It is a marvelous
cosmetic from the nature because of its benefits. As a result Aloe vera’s products are
more and more popular, such as Aloe juice, Aloe yogurt, Aloe health drink, Aloe
dessert….

Figure 1.2: Some products from Aloe vera ( Internet)
2. Structure of Aloe vera leaf
2.1. Physical structure of Aloe vera leaf
The Aloe vera leaf consists of three layers: (i) the outer thick layer of 15-20
cells called as rind which has protective funtion and synthesizescar
carbohydrates and protein. Inside the rind are vascular bundles responsible for
trasportation anf subs-tances such as water (xylem) ans starch (phloem). (ii) a
viscous, jelly like mucilage layer into which the vascular bundles, attached to
the inner surface of the rind, protrude, and (iii) the fillet proper, which has
structural integrity consisting of hexagonal structures containing the fillet fluid,
this is the water storage are for the plant. [3]

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Figure1.3: Physical structure of Aloe vera leaf [3]
2.2 Chemical composition of Aloe vera leaf
The main constituents of the Aloe vera leaf are: (i) Aloin: it is an irritant
laxative contained in the yellow sap of Aloe, which is a constituent of the
Anthraquinone complex, (ii) Methanol-Precipitable Solids (MPS): when
alcohols are added to Aloe solutions about 20-25% of the total solids come out
of solutionfor “precipitate”. The chemical constitutents of the Aloe vera consits
of mainly polysaccharides, glycoprotein and salts of organic Acids. The
polysaccharides represent about one-half to two-half of the MPS or about 1015% of the total solids, (iii) Polysaccharides: there are over 200 constituent
being the polysaccharides. [3]
2.3 Biologically active chemical constituents of Aloe veraleaves
The gel contains 98.5% water having pH of 4.5 and also contains many
polysacchrides such as Glucomannan, Acemannan, etc… in active form in the
leaves of Aloe vera. Glucomannan is a good moisturizer and mainly used in

many cosmetics product whereas Acemannan, the major carbohydrate fraction
in the gel, is a water-soluble long chain mannose polumer which accelerates
wound healing, modulates immune function and antiviral effects.

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Table 1.1: Major medical compositions of Aloe vera [3]
Class
Water

Number
98.,5-99.5%, pH = 4.5
0.25% (25-50% of dry
matter)

Carbohydrates

93 % Mannose ( 3 %
glucose, 3% galactos,
Sugar
1% arabinos), 95 %
free glucose (fructose,
galactose)
It provides 12
anthraquinones, which
Anthraquinones/ are phenolic,
anthrones
compounds,
traditionally

It contains 13 enzymes
Enzymes

Amino acids

Another classes

Compositions

Provides 20 of the 22
required amino, acids
and 7 of the 8 essential
ones, and 20 % Arg

Pure mannan, acetylated mannan,
acetylated glucomannan,
glucogalactomannan,galactan,
galactogalacturan, arabinogalactan,
galactoglucoarabinomannan, pectic
substance, xylan, cellulose
Monosaccharides: Glucose, Fructose,
Mannose, L-rhamnose and aldopentose
Polysaccharides: glucomannans/
polymannose
Provides aloin A and B (or collectively
known as barbaloin), isobarbaloin,
anthranol, anthracene, ester of cinnamic
acid, aloe emodin, emodin, chrysophanic
known as acid , etheral oil, resistannol,
aloetic acid.

Aliiase, cellulase, peroxidase, alkaline
phosphatase, amylase, carboxypeptidase,
catalase, cyclooxidase, cyclooxygenase,
lipase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase,
superoxide dismutase, bradykinase
Alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic
acid, glycine, histidine, hydroxyproline,
isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine,
phenylalanine, proline, threonine, tyrosine,
valine,
Glucose, mannose, rhamnose, adopentose,
Saporins …

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II.

PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PROJECT
This project concentrates on reseaching not only the Aloe vera peeling machine
in Viet Nam but also in the world. The product of this system is a material for food
industry, so food safety must be ensured.
To apply for this, we have anlyzised some real processing, studied experience
from employees peeling Aloe vera leaf and researched many Aloe peeling machine in
the market to manufacture a machine which not only is more perfect and cheeper
version but also having higher effect.
Biological activity loss is due to the microbical decay fo the gel. The first exporure
of the inner gel to microbes is when the leaves are harvested from the plant. Leaves
in which the base is not intact and sealed will greatly increase the microbial counts
significantly reduces the biological activity in the prodct. The other major source of

microbial contamination comes from the rind of the leaf.
When Aloe vera leaves are harvested, it contains dirt and other impurities. The
yellow fluid secretion from the harvested leaves should be completely removed from
the leaf for its prolage layer below the green rind avoiding the vascular bundles and
the top rind is also reomoved with the help of cutter. The bottom rind us similarly
removed. [1]
After being peeled the rind, Aloe vera will be diced to support for any next
processes, such as making Aloe yogurt, Aloe health drink, Aloe juice… It is not only
save time but also be easy to be preserved and transported.
The project is based on actual demand so practical application is very wide.
Moreover, if the project is put into practice, it will solve the time-consuming problem
of peeling step. In addition to, with the capicity of 5000(kg/h), the effect of peeling is
much higher and the process will be continuous.
To solve this problem, “Aloe vera peeling and dicing system” is done with the
objective of 5000(kg/h).
III. PROJECT OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this project is to develop “Aloe vera peeling and dicing system”
to meet needs of food in Vietnamese life and international export. Besides, this project
can provide experience for researchers through using mechanical knowledge to design
and develop a machine with wide application.
1. Overall objective
The project - “Aloe vera peeling and dicing system” is analyzed and
synthesize with the capicity of 5000 (kg/h). After being peeled, Aloe vera leaf
will be moved to dicing step, the size is about 3-5mm. The stainless steel is used
5


to fabricate the the main components of the “Aloe vera peeling and dicing system
to meet the safety food product standard.
2. Detail objective

Detail objectives of the project consist of: designing and developing loading
mechanism, peeling mechanism and Aloe dicing mechanism. Designing and
developing a simple mechanical mechanism to peel and dice the Aloe leaf with
different sizes. Aloe leaf is feeded by conveyor and leaf-leading roller to peeling
mechanism to remove the fillets and the rind, after that Aloe is moved to dicing
mechanism- horizontal-cutting and vertical-cutting rotating roller. These rollers
are designed to can be changed the size cutter and replace cutter when it is
damaged. Moreover, the mechanisms are designed to can be easy to assemble,
clean and make sure the food safety. Designing the control system consist of
Control board, control panel…
3. Scope of project
The scopes of “Aloe vera peeling and dicing system” are loading mechanism,
peeling mechanism, Aloe dicing mechanism and some elecctrical equipments.
IV. SOMES PEELING PROCESSES OF ALOE MACHINE

Aloe leave after being
trimmed top and bot

Handle filleting

Hand loading

Hand loading

Automatic filleting

Automatic top rind
peeling

Automatic top and bot

rind peeling

Automatic bot rind
peeling

Dicing

Figure 1.4: Some Aloe peeling processes flowchart
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V.

THE SYSTEM OF ALOE VERA PEELING MACHINE
This project is designed to develop a machine with all automatic steps from
loading, filleting, peeling rind to dicing.

Aloe vera leaf after being
trimmed top and bot

Automatic loading device

Automatic filleting

Automatic top and bot rind
peeling

Dicing

Figure 1.5: Flowchart of Aloe vera peeling and dicing system of this project

VI. THE RESEARCHES RELATING TO THE PROJECT
1. In foreign
The products from the Aloe vera is very famous in Europe, India and China.
There are some Aloe vera peeling machines which is used in the market.
Figure 1.6 is the Aloe vera peeling machine of TecnoTrans-Sa company
(Germany). The machine is designed base on the peeling princible by using
conveyor-belt and roller to peeling each face of Aloe vera leaf. Aloe vera leaf
after being trimmed the butts and tips will be moved to the machine to peeling
upper face, then the other face will be peeled in the next steps. Aloe vera leaf is
handlely supported by employees, so the effect bases on the employees.
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Figure 1.6: Aloe peeling machine of TecnoTrans-Sa company (Germany)
Figure 1.7 is the Aloe peeling machine of Mexico which is based on the
rolling principle. Aloe vera leaves are supported by employees. Aloe after being
trimmed the butts, tips and fillets will be moved to the machine. The rotating
movement of two rollers will lead the Aloe leaf to the peeling mechanism. The
inner gel of Aloe after being peeled the outer rind will hold in the container under
the machine, the effect of this machine is about 500kg/h, base on the employees.

Figure 1.7: Aloe peeling machine of Mexico
Aloe vera peeling machine of Xingtai City Judu Commercial (China) –
Figure 1.8, Aloe leaves after being trimmed the tips, butts and fillets are put on
the conveyor-belt and the conveyor-belt will move the Aloe leaves to ahead,
force the Aloe leaves to be between the conveyor and cutter. After passing the
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cutter, the Aloe rind will be peeled. The Aloe leaves is supported by employees

and the effect is about 1-1,5 ton/hr (according to the information of the
Producer).

Figure 1.8: Aloe peeling machine of Xingtai City Judu Commercial (China)
2. In Viet Nam
In Viet Nam, there are not organization or person have researched or
applying the Aloe peeling and dicing machine in manufacturing. There are some
Aloe peeling machines made in China but they are not used widely because the
wastage rate is quite high.
VII. THE NECESSARY OF PROJECT
The potential of manufacturing the products of Aloe is very high. The Aloe
process consists of many steps so it need a lot of employees and machines which
makes it difficult to make sure the food safety .
The hand filleting method of processing Aloe leaves was developed to avoid
contaminating the internal fillet with the yellow sap. In this method the rind is
removed by using sharp knife, keeping anthraquinone level low, but in this process
the most of mucilage is left on the working table. During processing operation, the
lower 25 mm of the leaf base (the white part attached to the large rosette stem of
plant), the tapering point (50-100mm) of the leaf top and the short, sharp spines
located along the leaf margin are removed with the help of sharp knife. The knife is
then introduced into the mucilage layer below the green rind to remove top rind and
similary to the bottom rind is removed as Figure 1.9. [1]

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Figure 1.9: Peeling Aloe vera by hand
At present, the need of Aloe products processing is very wide. As a result, the raw
material area is appearing more and more so it is enough Aloe for factories to remain
manufacturing continuously. There are some Aloe peeling machines made in China

but they are not used widely because the wastage rate is quite high, Aloe leaf is applied
by the employees, the inner gel must be moved to another machine for dicing. The
effect of some Aloe peeling machines from India, China and Europe is low beacause
of using employess for filleting Aloe vera leaf.
In Viet Nam, there are not organization or person have researched or applying the
Aloe peeling and dicing machine in manufacturing, so many business, such as Viet
Nam Dairy Products Joint Stock Company, Nutifood Joint Stock Company, etc…
spend many employees in this step.
There are over 300 species of Aloe [1], but Aloe vera L (Aloe vera) is called the
“real Aloe vera” planted in Viet Nam – Figure 1.10.

Figure 1.10: Aloe vera which is planted in Ninh Thuan Province
Accoding to the demand of manufacturing Aloe peeing system, the project is
researched to design and develop a Aloe peeling and dicing system.
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CHAPTER II: MECHANICAL DESIGNING
Aloe vera peeling system includes: the automatic loading mechanism, automatic fillet
mechanism, automatic peeling mechanism and automatic dicing mechanism. To reach the
effect of 5000 (kg/hr), there are 3 similar mechanisms to remove the Aloe rind, each
mechanism have a motor and a chain trasmission.

Feeding mechanism

Peeling
mechanism

Dicing
mechanism

Aloe leaf

Firure 2.1: Aloe peeling system

Fixed roller

Leaf-leading roller

Motor

conveyor

Figure 2.2: Kinematric diagram of fillet machanism

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