kỹ thuật mới giải nhanh bài tập hóa học tập 2 hóa học vô cơ

546.076
CtJ THANH TOAN

K600T zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
NGUYEN NGOC OANH zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

KYTHUATMdfl

zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFED

GI A I N H A N H BA I TA P

zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTS

HOA HOC

B
I I
114 4
TAP 2
f
4 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
HOA H O C VO C O zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPO
wo'c
lOnil..,

izyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
i
i
4 '

OCR]

^

^

- Tuyen chon cac ky thuat giai nhanh ve
7 chuyen de hoa v6 ca
- Danh cho hoc sinh \6p 10, 11, 12 va
luyen thi D H - CD

NHA XUAT BAN DAl HOC i^UOC GIA HA NOT


" X U THANH TOAN

N G U Y E N N G O C O A N H zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZ

KYTHUATMOfl

zyxwvutsrqponmlkjih

GI A I N H A N H B A I T A P zyxwvutsr

HdA HOC

TAP 2
H O A H O C V 6 C O zyxwvutsrqp

- Tuyen chpn cac ky thuat giai nhanh ve

7 chuyen de hoa v6zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfed
ca
- Danh cho hoc sinh Idp 10,11,12 va
luyen thi D H - CD

NHA XUAT B A NDAI H O C Q U O C GIA H AN O I


NHANH 7 CHUVeN HOA V O C O zyxwvu
C. KI THUAl GSAlzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFED
L zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
6 I N OI D A U
C H U Y E N ©1 1:

Cac banzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
ddng nghidp va cac em hoc sinh than m6'n!
TrdnzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
CO so phan tfch kl luong cac n6i dung kien thiic v^ ki nang nam

c Ac D^m

KT T H U A T © S AI N H A N H

BAI TJSip y g HAL OGE N

trong khung chuong trinh thi, ca'u true, ma tranzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
d6 thi va cac dang bai tap
A. L I THUYI^T
thucmg gap trong da thi tuyen sinh dai hoc, cao dang ciia B6 G D - DT, chung
toi da biSn soan tap sach: "Kithudt moi gidi nhanh bai tap Hod hoc"

1.

DAC D I

£ M

CIJA CAC NGUVfiNzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLK
T6 HALOGEN

Cu6'n sach mof ra m6t co h6i cho giao vian va cac em hoc sinh nhin
nhan lai mot each sau sac va toan dien cac da thi tuyan sinh D H - CD ki tii
khi ap dung hinh thiJc thi trac nghiem, tilr do giao vian c6 dinh hirdng dung
dan cho cac em hoc sinh va miic do kien thiic va cac dang bai tap; con cac
em hoc sinh se vihig vang, tu tin hom de di tran con duomg den c6ng truong
Dai hoc ma minh m o udfc.

ca'u hmh electron 16p
ngoai Cling

Ban kinh
nguyan tif

Tac gia cung khdng quan gili gam vao eu6'n sach cac phuong phap giai
hay, giai nhanh, nham giiip cac em ren luyan ki nang giai nhanh cac dang
bai tap trong di thi tuyen sinh DH - CD. Cuon sach se la nguori ban d6ng
hanh than thia't vdri cac em hoc sinh trong qua trinh chinh phuc nhiing dinh

D6 am dien

Ai lire electron

Nang lugmg ion hoa
thif nhatl, (eV)

Flo

Qo

Brom

lot

(F)

(CI)

(Br)

(I)

2s^2p'

3s^3p'

4s'4p'

5s^-5p'

0,64A°

0,99A°

1,14A°

1,33A°

3,98.

3,16

2,96

2,66

3,58 eV.

3,81 eV

3,56 eV

3,29 eV

17,42

12,97

11,34

10,45

159

242

192

150

cao vinh quang ciia tri thiic; cuon sach se la tai lieu qui cho cac ban d6ng
Nang luong

nghiep trong qua trinh giang day.

lien ket (kJ/mol)

Da' cuon sach hoan thian hon, ra't mong nhan duoc su dong gop y kia'n

•

Nhiat d6 nong chay
("C)"

-219,6

-101,0

-7.3

113,6

Chuc cac em dat dirge nhiau thanh tich cao trong cac ky thi sap t6i.

Nhiat d6 s6i ("C)

-188,1

-34,1

59,2

185,5

Xin tran trong cam cm !

Tiang thai (dkt)

khi

khi

long

ran

Mau sac

luc nhat

vang luc

do nau

den tim

Mui

rat d6c

Xoc

hdi

0,02

0,02

3.10-*

chan thanh ciia cac ban d6ng nghiep va ciia cac em hoc sinh.

'*
T A C

GI A

Nhd Sach Kkang Viet xin tran trong giai thieu toi Quy doc gid vd xin long
nghe moi y kien ddng gop de cuon sach ngdy cdng hay hon, bo ich hon. Thu xin
gtH ve:

Cty TNHH Mot thanh vien - Dich Vu Van Hoa Khang Viet.

71Tel:

Dinh Tien Hoang, Fhuimg Dakao, Quan

1,

TP HCM.

( 08) 3 9 1 1 5 6 9 4 - 3 9 1 1 1 9 6 9 - 3 9 1 1 1 9 6 8 - 3 9 1 0 5 7 9 7

Email:

- Fax:

( 08) 3 9 1 1 0 8 8 0

Ham

iKong

nguydn tir)

(% s6'

kh6ng miJi
4.10-'


II. TINH CHAT HOA HOC CUA DON CHAT zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
III. D I^U zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

cut TRONG P H 6 N G THI NGHlfeM VA S A N XUAT TRONG
Br,

I2

- Tic dung vdi
hdu he't kim loai.
- Phan umg toa
nhiet It hon clo.

- Tac dung
vdri kim loai cf
nhiet d6 cao
hoac cin xiic
tac.

F2

Vdikim
loai

- Tac dung vod
loai (ca A u ,

- Tac dung
v<5ri h^u he't
kim loai.

Pt,...)

- Phan ihig

tat ca cac kim

toa nhi^u

(H2)

(H2O)

dich ki^m

4HX + M n O ,

nghiem.
Trong

> 2 EX„

X , + M n Xj + 2H2O

Dien phan

Sau khi phoi

Rong bi^n kh6

dung dich

nudrc bien d^

- ^ t r o

h6n hop

N aQ

la'y N aCl ,

Dien phan nong

(lOfC)

chay

K F + 2HF:

ngan:

ph^n con lai

2HF ->F2 +H ,

2 N aa + 2 H ,0

chiia nhidu

djch c6 N al.

bong t6'i.

- > Ci j + H2

NaBr:

2NaI + CI,

nong.

nghich.

cd m^ng

H , + I,zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
^ 2HI

2 H X (X: F, Q, Br)

+ 2NaOH
0

2F2 + 2 H 2 O

X2 +

-> 4HF + O2

-1

2 F, +

CI, + 2 K0 H

3X, + 6KOH

+1

I2 + 2NaCl

2 N aa + Br2

1, Trong phong thi nghiem:
.0

>

2 N aO H zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
„„, „3 ,
- >KC1 +

5 KX + K X O 3 +

- >2 N aF

— ^^^'^ > dung

NaBr +CI2 ->

HX + HXO

H 2O

Phan ling kho dSn tiir CI, d6'n I,
Vdi dung

(Mn O,, PbOj, K C I O 3 , KM n 0 4 , . . . ) :

c6ng
Phan lingzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
nS
Phan ihig nS
Phan ling xay ra
Phan ling chi
nghiep.
manh ngay b - khi chia'u
a nhiet d6 cao,
xay ra a nhiet
ZSZ^C, trong
sang hoac dun kh6ng n6.
d6 cao, thuan
H , + X,.

Vdri nude

Trong

I2

Cho dung djch H X dSc tac dung vdi chat oxi hoa

Kh 6n g di l u che'

nhiet. zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
phong thi

Br,

CI,

F2

nhiet manh

2 E + n X,

> X2 + 2e

2X"

- Phan ling toa
nha't.

Vdfi hidro

C 6 N G N G H I E F zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Nguyen tac chung: O xi hoa ion halogenua thanh nguyen tir:

3 H ,0

* M n X, + X2 + 2 H , 0

•

4HX
16HX(,, + 2 KMn 0 4

KCI O + H2O

+ OFzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
.+ao 3 a , + 6 K0 H

> 2 KX + 2MnX2 + X , + SH^O

-> KCl + 3X, + 3H2O

6HX
.0

2 N aX + M n O , + 2H,S04(d) - i - ^

5KC1

(X la CI, Br, I)

+ K CI O 3

2. Trong cong nghiep:

+3H2O
Vdri mu6'i

Kh i F, kh6 khur Khir duoc Br

Kh u duoc r

Kh 6n g

halogenua

duoc Cr, Br, I

, I trong

trong dung dich:

Phan ling.

trong rnu6'i

dung djch

nong chay:

mu6'i:

F2 +

CI, +2KBr

2NaCl,„^„g (.^ij,,

Chi the'

2 N aF + O 2
Kh 6n g CO

Br, +2NaI
2NaBr +1,

^2 N aa
+ Br,

5a,+

- >2 H Br0 3

khijr

Nhan xet

6 H , 0 ^

+ lOHQ

2HIO3
+ lOHCl

F2 > CI 2

> Bo > h

Tinh oxi hoa gi5m dan

4

t

2 N a a + 2H2O

J

m&ngngin

> C l , t + H^t + 2NaOH

rudrc day:
4HC1 + 0 ,

2NaBr +

<:

xt,t"

±

2C12 + 2H20

zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLK
— ^ Br2 + 2NaCl

Q X .jy^^^)

2NaI + Cl„2 ( v t a

Br,zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
+5a, + 6 H , 0 i , +

hien tfnh

X2 + MnS04 + Na2S04 + 2H2O

dd
All)

> I, + 2 N aa


I V . CAC H I D R O H A L O G E N U A VA A X I T H A L O G E N H I D R I C (HX)
HCl

HF
Nhidt d6 s6i
(°C)

-85,1

19,5

V. M U O I H A L O G E N U A
Mu6'i florua

HI

HBr

-35,4

4-66,8

Ti'nh
tan

D6 tan trong zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
1 lit nude zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA Mu6'i
Tan v6 han
600 lit
500 lit
425 lit
(bOPC)
AgX.
Tinh axit
Manh hon
Manh hom
Yi ru
Manh
cua dd HX zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
HBr

HCl
Tac dung
vdi dd
AgNOj
Tdc dung
voi Si02
Tdc dung
Vdri O2

AgCU
trdng

Khong

SiO^ + 4 H F ->
SiF4 + 2H2O

vang

4HC1,„ + 0,(,,

Kh6ng
phan ung.

CU +2Hfi

4HX<,„) + O, (kk) - > 2X2 + 2H2O
2H Br + H2SO4

Kh6ng phan ling.

dac

41, + H,S

-> Br2 +
SO2+ 2H2O

CaF,,,) + H2SO,4(d)
2HFt + CaSOai

2Naa„ +
H2S04(a)
l">400"C ^

Kh6ng xay
ra.

Phan
iJng vod
H,S04
dac

CaF2 +
HiSOiij)

Phan
ling vdd

+ 4ao

Phan
iJng voi

Mu6'i iotua
(D
- Da s6' tan

- Da s6' tan
(trir AgCl,
PbCl,,...)

- Da s6' tan
(li ij AgBr,
PbBr2,...)

Kh6ng tan,
mau trang.

Kh6ng tan,
mau vang nhat.

Kh6ng tan,
mau vang.

F2 + 2C1

CI2 + 2Br-,,,,

CI, + 2r„„ ->

-> 0 2

(„6ngchdy)

+ 2F

(triif A g l ,

^ Br2 + 20"

--->2HC1 (k)
RH + CI2 - >
RCl + HCl

2a-

I2 +

Br2 + 2r„d) - >
I , + 2Br

250^ C ^

2NaBr„y +

NaCV,+
H2S04<„

H2SO4,,) ->

<2.'>0°C ^
r

Br, + SO, +
HJO + Na2S04

SKI + 5H2S04,a,
4I2 + HjS +
4K2Sb4 + 4H ,0

HClt+
2HFt +
NaHS04
CaS04 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJ
Kh6ng xay ra
2FeCl3 4 2KI
Khong xay ra Khdng xay ra
2Fea, + 1 ,
+ 2KC1
'Kh6ng xay
ra.

Kh6ng xet.

Kh6ng xet.

O3 + 2KI + H2O

I2 + 2KOH

+ 0,

NaBr (nude
Trang
- Quang florit - Mu6'i an
thai tif
bi^n)
(CaF,), criolit (NaCl).
nhiSn
(Na3AlF,),...
^3H X
- KCl, CaCi,,
zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
+H3PO3

H2(k)+ CI•'2(k)

Hgl,,

Pbl,, Mnlj).

O3

2Ha + Na2S04
Di^u ch6' va
san xua't

Phan
ling vori

halogen

Mu6'i bromua
(Br)

SHI + H2SO4

HF
HCl
HBr
HI
Tinh axit tang din, tinh khuf tSng dSn

Nhan xet

Tan, mau
trSng.

Agli

Kh6ng phan Ung.

Tac dung
v6i H2SO4

AgBri
vang nhat

- D6u tan
(trif CaFj,...)

Mu6'i clorua
(CD

Nal (rong bi^n)...

PX3 + 3H2O

Thuc te:
3X2 + 2P +
6H2O — ^ >
6HX +

Kh6ng xay
Nhan
biet
ra.
(bang
AgN03)

Ag^ + cr

Ag^ + Br-

->Aga>l

trdng

AgBri
vang nhat

Ag* + I"

Agli
vang

2H3PO,

7


V I . H O P C H A TzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
C6 O X I C U A H A L O G E N
C l o r u a vol

Nudrc Javen
Thanh
phan
Dieu
Che

B . C A C D A N G B A I T A P T R O N G D E T H I T U Y J ^N S I N H D H - C D

M u o i k a l i clorat

Dang 1: Xdc dinh chat (halogen, muoi halogenua, kim loqi) zyxwvu

CaOCU:
KCIO 3
NaCl + NaClO zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

1 . L i thuyet van d u n g va phuomg phap giai:
-1
+1
+ H 2O
CI - Ca - 0 - CI
* D6' giai cac bai tap dang nay c6 th^ sir dung cac phuomg phap giai nhanh:
* C I , + C a ( O H ) „ ^,
*Cl 2 + 2NaOH„„,„,,
. Phuong phap xac d i n h chat dua vao cong thiirc t i n h p h a n tur k h o i : Gia six c6
* 3C1, + 6 K O H
— ^
NaQ + NaQG
chat cho electron la A . Ta c6:
5KC1 + K Q O j + 3 H , 0
+ H 2G
ke
+ H 2O

* Didn phan dung
m.
* Di6n phan dung dich
* C I , + Ca(OH),
-.k
d i c h N a a ( 1 5 - 2 0 %)
K C l 2 5 % a n h i a d6
(v6i sOa) zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
6 dieu kifenthucmg,
70°C - 75°C.
khdngzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
CO mang ngan.

m
- j f ^
CaOCl,
Vay:
* 6C1, + 6Ca(OH),
+ H2O
MA
^zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDC
'
ne(cho)
— - > Ca(C103),
Trong do:
m ^: Khd'i lucmg chat A (gam)
+ 5CaCl, + 6 H , 0
M ^: Khd'i luong mol chat A (gam)

Ca(C103)2 + 2KC1

k: s6' electron do m6t nguyen tir A nhucmg

2 K C 1 0 3 i + Ca a 2
Tinh
chat

- Tinh oxi hoa
manh:
4 N a a O + PbS ->
PbS04 + 4NaCl

- La mu6'i ciia ax it

ra't y€u:
N a c i o + CO, + ao
- ^H C l O + N a H c b j

- Tinh oxi hoa
manh:

- Kem ben nhifit:

2CaOCl, + CO,

KCIO 3 + 6HC1 ->
KCl + 3 0 , + 3H,0

Dua vao cac dir ki^n bai ra cho, xac dinh diroc cac dai lirong m ^, k,

n^fcho)-

- T^y trSng sod, vai,

- Tiy trSng soi, vai,
gia'y.

gia'y.

- T^y u6' chu6ng

+ Tinh cac luong chat da cho trong bai ra.
+

Viet phuong trinh hoa hoc (so d6 hoa hoc) six dung k i hi6u trung binh.

+ Tinh dai lucfng trung binh thich hop.

+ CaCi, + 2HC10
- Sat trung

+

\

+ Tinh gia t r i M ^.
2KCIO3 — ^
CaOCl, + 2HC1 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
+
Tir phan tir khoi xac dinh duoc cha^ cin t i m .
f
2KC1 + 30,T
— — zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
>
Phirong phap t r u n g b i n h : C6ng thiic tinh nguyfin tir kh6'i trung bmh ciia hai
- Chat oxi hoa manh:
CaCl, + a, + H2O
5 K C I O 3 + 6P
->
— = mhh
k i m loai lidn tife'p trong ciing mot nhom A : M
- Trong kh6ng khf
5KC1 + 3P2O5
^hh zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXW

+ H , 0 ->CaC03

tfng
dung

n^ (cho)- s6' mol electron do toan bo luong chat A nhircJng.

- Thudc n6, ditm.
- Diiu che O , trong
phong thf nghidm.

+ Rut ra kd't luan va tinh cac dai luong theo ydu c^u.
Phuong phap bao toan electron: Trong phan umg oxi hoa khir, t6ng s6' mol
electron do chat khir cho phai diing bang t6ng s6' mol electron do chait oxi hoa nhan:

trai, c6'ng ranh, h6'

E e (cho)

rac.

Trong do:

= S e (nhan)
n^ho-

"nhan

n , h „ . N , ,ho = n „ h j „ . N , „^,„

l^n 'ifcrt la s6' mol nguyen tir chat nhircmg, nhan electron (s6'

- XiJr ly chat d6c,

mol nguyen tir chat khir, chat oxi hoa).

tinh che' dSu mo.

Nccho. N ,

„hj„

\in luot la s6' electron m6t nguyen tur chat khir nhuomg, m6t nguyen

tijr chat oxi hoa nhan.
+

Viet cac qua trinh oxi hoa, qua trinh khir (kh6ng cin vie't phuong trinh phan

ling oxi hoa - khir).
+

It.

Dat in, dua vao djnh luat bao to^n electron lap duoc phuong trinh dai s6'.
Giai he phuong trinh, xac dinh duoc M => chat cin t i m . .
Q

-

Hu&ng ddn gidi

Phu ong pha p b ao loa n kh oi lucmg: Trong mdt phan ung hoa hoc, tdng khO'i luong
ciia cac cha't san phsim bang long khO'i liromg cua cac chat tham gia phan ling.
G ia sir c6 phan ung: aA + b B

Trudmg hcrpzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
1: H a i mu d i N a X va N aY d^u tao ke't tiia vdfi A gN O , .

cC + d D

D at cong thiic chu ng ciia 2 mu di la N a X :
Ih eo djnh luat bao toan kh6'i luong ta c6:zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
niA + nig = nic +
N aX + AgN O j
-> A g X 4- + N a N O ,
A p du ng: Trong mot phan ung, c6 n cha'tzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
{ki ca chat phan ling va san pha'm), n6'u
(23 + X ) g
(108+ X)g
biet kh6'i luong ciia (n - 1) cha't thi tinh duoc khd'i lucmg cua ch&t con lai.
6,03 g

8,61 g

'

*

M ot s6' n6i du ng cin chu y:

-

Ta c6: (23 + X) . 8,61 = 6,03. (108 + X)
X = 178 (khdng c6 halogen nao c6
CI2, axit H C l tao ra mu6'i
Cac k im loai c6 nhieu hoa tri (Fe, Cr,...) tac du ng voizyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
'
" "
trong tu nhien ma c6 M > 178 => loai tru ong hofp nay).
cloru a k i m loai C O hoa tr i khac nhau:
2Fe + 3 a . - >

Tru&ng

2FeCl3

Cac du ng dich mu d i halogenua nhu mu6'i cloru a, b romu a, iotu a d^u tac du ng voi
A g N O j , con mu oi floru a khong tac du ng duoc voi du ng djch A g N O , :
.

i

G oi X , y \in lu ot la sd mol ciia NaF, N aC l.

Fe + 2HC1 - > FeQ , + H ,
-

hop 2: X la flo, Y la clo:

- -

Theo bai ra, ta c6: 42x + 58,5y = 6,03
NaF + AgN O j

(1)

'

i .

J4

> khdng xay ra

N a F + A g N O j : Khong xay ra
NaCl + AgN O j

Aga i

N aB r + A g N O j ^

A g B r i + NaNO,

Nal + AgN O ,

NaCl + AgN O j

+ NaNOj

> A g C U + NaNOj
y (mol)

y
Ta c6: 143,5y = 8,61

A g l l + NaNO,

V i vay cac bai tap h6n hop mu6'i halogenua tac du ng vdri du ng dich A g N O j tao

y = 0,06

TCr ( 1 , 2) ta c6: x = 0,06;

(2)

y = 0,06.

ra ke't tiia cSn chia hai trucmg hop d^ giai.
6,03

2. Cac th i d u m i n h hoa :
D ap an diing la D .
Thidu

1: Hoa tan hoan toan 1,1 gam h6n hop gom m6t k im loai kiim

X va m6t

k im loai ki6m thd Y (M x < M y) trong du ng djch H C l du , thu duoc 1,12 lit kh i
H , (dktc). K i m loai X la
A. K.

C . Li.

Hudfng din

1!
:::> ili< M xY
0,1

n n ^ = 0,05 (mol)

D .N a.

de tuyen sink Cao dang khoi

gam ke't tiia. H a i k im loai ki6m tren la
A)

=> 0,05< n x^ y

K6t tiia la A g C l: sd mol A g C l =

2: Cho du ng djch chiJa 6,03 gam hdn hop g6m hai mu di N a X, N a Y (X, Y

la hai nguyen to c6 trong tu nhien, d hai chu k i lien tiep thu6c nhom V I I A , sd
< Zy) vao du ng dich A g N O j (du ), thu duoc 8,61 gam ke't

tua. PhSn tram khdi lu ong ciia N a X trong hdn hop ban ddu la
(Trich

de tuyen sinh Cao dang - Khoi

A)

•

0,13

<-

A gC l i + MNO3
0,13(mol)

=^Mi^,,, = ^ . 5 1 , 1 2
0,13

3=>M.15,62^^'^^^'^
^
l N a ( M = 23)

Va y hai k im loai k i^ m la L i va Na.

D .41,8%.

De thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi

= 0,13 (mol)

K i hieu chu ng hai mu d i cloru a la M C I
MCI + AgN O , ^

C. 58,2%.

D . L i va N a

Hu&ng ddn gidi

D ap an du ng la C.

B. 52,8%.

C. K va Rb
(Trich

M = 7 < 22. v a y k im loai X la L i .

A. 47,2% .

B. N a v a K

< 0'U mol)

11
< —
=^ 11 < M x , Y < 22
0,05

hieu ngu yen tir

A. R b va C s

gidi

V i M x < M y => M x < 22 . Trong cac k im loai kiem chi c6 k im loai liti (Li) c6

Thidu

ki^ m thudc hai chu ky ke' tiep nhau vao nude duoc du ng dich X. Cho toan bo
du ng djch X tac du ng hoan toan vdi du ng dich A g N O j (du ), thu duoc 18,655

B. Rb .

(Trich

Th eob a ir a :

Thi du 3: Hoa tan hoan toan 6,645 gam hdn hop mu di cloru a ciia hai k im loai

B)

D ap an diing la D .

'
'

•

'

'

11


Fe + 2Fea3zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPON
> BFeClj
Thi du 4: Di zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
hoa tan hoan loan 6,4 gam h6n hop g6m k i m loai R (chi c6 hoa trj
Dap
an
diing
la
A
.
I I ) va oxit cua no cdn viira dii 400 m l dung dich H C l I M . K i m loai R la
A. M g

B. Be

C. Ba

D . Ca

(Trich de t uyen sinh Cao dang khoi A)
Hudng dan gidi
T h e o b a i r a :zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

HHCI =0 . 4 . 1 =0 , 4 ( m o l )
O x i t ciia k i m loai R la R O (R c6 hoa t r i I I ) . K i hifiu chung cho k i m loai R va
oxit R O la X .
PTHH:

X

Thi du 7: X la k i m loai thu6c phan
1,7 gam h6n hop g6m k i m loai X
sinh ra 0,672 l i t khi H j ( d dktc).
luong d u dung djch H^SO^ loang,
lit ( 0 dktc). K i m loai X la
A. Mg.

B. Sr.

+ 2HC1zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
RCI2 +. . .

0,2

0,4 (mol)

C. Ba.

•

D . Ca.

(Trich De t hi t uyen sinh Cao dang khoi A)

^' '

Hu&ng ddn gidi

S6 mol k h i H j trong hai thi nghiem:zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSR
n H 2 = 0,03 (mol); ni^^ < 0,05 (mol).

^ M R . R O = M x =6 , 4 /0 , 2 = 32

E(X,Zn)

PTHH:
V i M x =3 2 n e n j ^ ^ ^ ^
[ R + 1 6 >3 2

nhom chinh nhom I I (hay nhom I I A ) . Cho
va Zn tac dung vdi luong d u dung dich H C l ,
Mat khac, khi cho 1,9 gam X tac dung v6i
thi t hi tich khi hidro sinh ra chua d€n 1,12

^1 6
+ 2HC1

> ECl^ +

H,

0,03 mol

0,03 mol

Trong cac k i m loai hoa t r i I I chi c6 k i m loai M g (R = 24) thoa man. Vay k i m

Suyra:

M g = 1,7/0,03 = 56,67

loai R la M g .

V i Mz„ = 65 > 56,67 => Mx < 56,67

Dap an diing la

PTHH:

X + H , S 0 4 (loang)

(1)
>

XSO4

+ H^

Thi du 5: Cho 1,9 gam h6n hop mu6'i cacbonat va hidrocacbonat cua k i m loai

Ux < 0,05 (mol)
n^^^< 0,05 (mol)

k i ^m M tac dung he't v6i dung dich H C l (du), sinh ra 0,448 1ft k h izyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
( 0 dktc).
Suyra:
M x > 1,9/0,05 = 38
(2)
K i m loai M la
T i l r ( l , 2 ) t a c 6 : 38 < Mx < 56,67.
A.Na.
B. K .
CRb.
D.Li.
Trong cac k i m loai nhom I I A chi c6 k i m loai canxi (M = 40) thoa man.

(Trich De t hi t uyen sinh Dai hoc khoi B)

Hu&ng ddn gidi
Theobaira:

vay

X la Ca.

Dap an diing la D .

nco2 = 0,448/22,4 = 0,02 (mol)
Thi du 8: H 6 n hop X g6m M3CO3, MH CO 3 va M Q ( M la k i m loai k i ^m ) . Cho

T a c o M h h = 1,9/0,02 = 95 .

32,65 gam X tac dung vijra dii vofi dung dich HCl thu duoc dung djch Y va c6

Suy ra: 2 M + 60 > 95 > M + 61 => 17,5 < M < 34.

17,6 gam C O , thoat ra. Dung djch Y tac dung vdi dung dich A g N O j d u duoc
100,45 gam ket tiia. K i m loai M la

Vay M = 23 (Na).

A.Rb

Dap an dung la A .

B. Na

A . Fe.

B.Al.

CMg.

D. Zn.

(Trich De t hi t uyen sinh Cao dang khoi A)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Trong cac k i m loai da cho, M c6 th^ la Fe. That vay:

S6 m o l khi CO,: nco^ = I

2

dich mu6'i X ta cung duoc mu6'i Y . K i m loai M c6 t h ^ la

D. K

Hu&ng ddn gidi

Thi du 6: Cho k i m loai M tac dung v6i C I , duoc mu6'i X ; cho k i m loai M tac
dung vdfi dung dich H C l duoc mu6'i Y . Ndu cho k i m loai M tac dung vdi dung

C.Li

M = o,4

44

(mol)

S6' mol ke't tua A g C l : n^gci = 100,45 /143,5 = 0 , 7 ( m o l )
Goi X, y , z Idn luot la s6' mol M^COj, MH CO 3, M C I trong 32,65 gam X .
Bao toan cacbon ta c6: x + y = 0,4
Bao toan clo ta c6:

2x + y + z = 0,7

2Fe + 3Cl2zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
y 2FeCl3
A p dung djnh luat bao toan khd'i luong ta c6:
Fe + 2Ha

> Fe Cl2 + H2

13


n i x + ni Hc i = m MCi (Y ) + " ^0 0 2 + " I H 2 0

Thi du 10: Cho 19 gam h6 n hop b6t g6m k im loai M (hoa tri khdng d6i) va Z n
zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

(ti IS mol tirong umg 1,25 : 1) vac b inh dirng 4,48 lit kh i C I, (dktc), sau cac

=> 32,65 + 36,5(2x + y) = ( M + 35,5).(2x + y + z) + 17,6 + 0,4.18

phan ufng hoan toaii thu duoc h6n hop chat rSn X. Cho X tan h6't trong du ng
dich H Q (dir) tha'y c6 5,6 lit kh i H , thoat ra (dktc). K i m loai M la

rr> 36,5(x + y) + 36,5x = ( M + 35,5)(2x + y + z) = 7,85
Thay x + y = 0,4;2x + y + z = 0,7 vao, ta diroc:

A. Na

,

B . Ca

C. M g

D. Al

Huatng ddn gidi

0 , 7 ( M + 3 5 , 5 ) - 3 6 , 5 = 22,45 = > 0 , 7 M - 3 6 , 5 x - - 2 , 4

•

'S6'mol k h i C I, va H , Mn lirot la: n ^ j = 0 , 2 ( m o l ) ; n^^^ = 0 , 2 5 ( m o l )

2,4 + 0 , 7 M

"

,,

=> X =

D at X la s6' mol Z n => s6' mol k im loai M la 1,25x
36,5

Ta co:

V i 0 < x < 0,4 => M < 17,4 => M = 7 ( < 17,4). Va y k im loai k i^ m la L i .

trong bang tuSn hoan. La'y mot lu orig X cho tac du ng vira dii \6'\0 m l dung

l,25n.x + 2x = 0,4 + 0,5 = 0,9
TO (1, 2) ta c6:

trong X la (cho F = 19; Q = 35,5; Br = 80; I = 127; Na = 23)
B. NaB r va N a l
D. N aC l va N aB r
Hu&ng

19

l,25n,x + 2x

0,9

N

dan gidi

PTPU ':

N a X.

N aX + AgN 03 -> AgX i + N aN O j
0,1

->

0,1

0,9

1

2

3

M

le

24

le

Ket lu an

Loa i

Mg

Loa i

G ia tr i phii hop la n = 2 => M = 24 (M g)
D ap an diing la C.

•>

Cku i : K i m loai nao sau day tac du ng voi du ng djch H C l loang va tac du ng vdi khf

CI 3 cho cu ng loai mu6'i cloru a k im loai?

108 + X = 1 5 0 = > X = 42

CI ( M = 35,5)
Br ( M = 80)

H a i halogen la Q (35,5) va B r (80).

A.Fe

B .Zn

D ap an du ng la D .

D. Ag

Hu&ng ddn gidi

K i m loai dozyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
la Z n :

N a F 4 - A g N O j - > kh6ng xay ra

>ZnCl2 + H2

Z n + 2HC1
Z n + C l2

Tr u cmg hop 2: H a i mu6'i la N aF va N aC l.

NaCl + A gN O j

C. Cu

zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

v a y hai mu6'i trong X la N a C l va NaB r.

=> "^Agca

l,25n + 2

3. Cac b a i ta p t u lu yen :

^ M . ^ = - - - 1 5 0
0,1

0,1

19

= > l, 1 2 5 M = 2 3 , 7 5 n - 2 0 , 5

Trirorng hop 1: Ha i halogen d^u tao diroc kfi't tiia v6i A g N O j .
D at c6ng thufc chu ng ciia mu6'i la

65+ l,25M

=> 25,75n + 38 = 58,5 + 1,I25M

S6 mol A g N O j : n^gNOj = 0 - ' ("loO •

'

(2)zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONM
si

65x + M .l,25x

dich A g N O , I M thi thu duoc 15 gam ket tiia. C 6ng thiJc phan tijf ciia hai muoi
A . NaF va N aC l
C. N aC l va N a l

V','

Theo ngu ydn tic bao toan electron ta c6:

zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Thi dtizyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
9: H 6n horp X chira dong ihbi hai mu6'i natri cua hai halogen lien tife'p
D ap an diing la C.

6 5 x + M . l, 25x = 19 ( l )

> Z n C l2

D ap an diing la B .

'^

Cha v.- Phan ling ciia cac k im loai v6i kh i C I, va axit H C l:

A g C lzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
i + NaNOj
FeC lj <-^ 5 ^ _ F e

-> 0,1 mol

C u C l,

«_ ± £ l l _

A gC l

^ -C!2_

- i ^ ^ F e C l .

Cu - t H C ^

+ H,

Khdng xay ra

'

= 0.1.143,5= 14,35(ga m) ^1.5(gam)

loai tnrcmg hop nay.

A g— ^ Kh a n gxa yr a .

15

zy

C&u 2:zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
ChozyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
m 6 t lirong don chat halogen tac dung h6't vdd magie thu dirge 19 gam
C&u 4: Cho dung djch chura 6,79 gam h6n hop g6m 2 mu6i K X , K Y (X, Y m 2
magie halogenua. Cung lugng don chat halogen do tac dung h6t vdi nhom tao ra
nguydn t<5 c6 trong tu nhifin, 6 hai chu ki lifin tie'p thu6c nhom VIIA, s6' hidu
17,8 gam nh6m halogenua. Kh6'i lirgng don chat halogen da phan ung la
Zx < ZY) vao dung dich AgNO, dir thu dugc 8,61 gam kd't tiia. Th^nh ph^n %
A. 8,0 gam.
B. 14,2 gam.
C. 19,0 gam.
D. 7,1 gam. zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
kh6'i lugng ciia KX trong h6n hop ban d^u la
Hu&ng ddn gidi
A. 34,17%.
B. 25,56%.
C. 45,68%.
D. 89,90%.
Dat CTHH cua don chat halogen la X,
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Tnrcmg hop AgX, AgY d^u k ^ tiia:
f
•
PTHH:
X 2 +Mg
>MgX2
'
. 'f%
(1)

K X + AgNOj ^ AgX + K N O 3 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONM
:, VV • - ' S
a mol
> a mol
(2)

3X2

+ 2A1

K Y + AgNO, ^

AgY + K N O 3

> 2AIX3

a mol

S6 mol h6n hop KX, K Y = ^'^^ ~ ^'^^ = 0,0264(mol)
108-39
^ ^

> 2a/3 mol

Theobaira: a.(24 + 2X) = 19

vay: M h h - - ^ ^ = 2 5 7 , 4 ( g / m o l ) = ^ M x , y - 2 1 8 , 4 ( g / m o l )
' ;
0,0264
^ . ( 2 7 . 3 X ) = ,7,8zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

=,ll?itl^ = J L =,x=35.5 (a)
CO X, Y phu hgp.
vay khdngzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDC
3 ^
^
2.(27+ 3 X ) 17,8
^
Trucmg hop X 1^ F, Y la CI: AgF tan n6n chi c6 AgCl kd't tiia
Vay halogen do la clo (CU).
Tir (2) ^ s6' mol KCl = s6' mol AgQ = 8,61 : 143,5 = 0,06 (mol)
=0,2
a=vay: mKci = 0,06 . 74,5 = 4,47 (gam) => m K P = 2,32 (gam)
(24 + 2. 3 5 , 5 )

Vay

%m(KF) = — x l O O % =34,17%.
^
^ 6,79

m e i 2 =71.a = 14,2(gam).

Dap an dung la B.
C&u 3: Cho 1,03 gam m u 6 'i natri halogenua (A) tac dung vdi dung dich AgNO, du
thi thu dirge mot kd't tua, ke't tiia nay sau khi phan iJng hoan loan cho 1,08 gam
bac. C6ng thiic ciia m u 6 'i A la
A. NaF.
B.NaCl.
C. NaBr.
D. Nal.

Hu&ng ddn gidi
I no

Sd'molAg:

n^ = — - 0 , 0 l ( m o l )

' "

Dap an diing la A.
Cau 5: M6t h6n hcyp X g6m 3 muoi halogenua ciia kim loai natri nang 6,23g hoa
tan hoan toan trong nuoc dugc dung dich A. Sue khi clo du vao dung dich A roi
c6 can hoan toan dung dich sau phan ung dugc 3,0525g mu6'i khan B. La'y m6t
nua lucmg mu6'i nay hoa tan vao nude r6i cho phan ihig voi dung djch AgNO, du
thi thu dugc 3,22875g ket tiia. Tim c6ng thiic ciia cac mu^i va tinh % theo khd'i
lugng m6i mu6'i trong X.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Gia sii lugng mu6'i khan B thu dugc sau khi cho clo du vao dung djch A chi c6

Dat m u 6 'i natri halogenua la NaX.
NaCl-> n^aci = - ^ ^ = 0,0522 mol
PTHH:
NaX + AgNOjzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
> AgXi
+ NaNOj
58,5
<
0,01
(mol)
0,01

NaCl + AgNO,
A g a i + NaNO,
AgX
0,01
^^Suyra:

Theo (1) -> n^^ci = "Aga

0,01 (mol)

1 03
M^^x = ^ = 103 =>23 + M x - 1 0 3 =^

(1)

-80(Br)

=

-2 = 0,045 mol < 0,0522 mol t

Do do, mu6'i khan B thu dugc ngoai NaCl con c6 NaF.
Vay trong h6n hgp X chira NaF, khd'i lugng NaF:
niNaF = m B - mNaci

vay mudi A 1& natri bromua (NaBr).
Dap an diing la C.

'

* 3 22875

Ag + -X 2

<-

**
'

= 3,0525 - 0,045. 58,5 = 0,42 (g)

,

0 42
%NaFzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
= ——.100% = 6,74%"'^'*''-»-""''«*"'-»-'"-^*":'^^^

17
6.23zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
THiy mji TiwH oiNiizyxwvutsrqponmlkji
Tmm


Goi c6ng thiJc chung ciia hai mutfi halogen c6n lai 1^: NaY

S6' mol I2 = ^ : ^ = 0 , 0 2 4 ( m o l )
2NaY +zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
a 2 - > 2 N a C l + Y2
(2)

T h e o ( 2 ) - > n ^ ^ Y = n N a a =0.045 (mol)
• "NaY

> .^

-

Theo phirong trinh s6' mol R Q O , =

"'x -zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
niNaF = 6,23 - 0,42 = 5,81 (g)

R+35,5+16x =
DozyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
66:
Y=
= 129,11 = 23 + M y ^ M y = 106,11
0,045
,

'
.

'
yj^

l,086x

0,024

R=29,25x~35,5

0,024

Thoa man vdi x = 2; R = 23, kim loai k i i m la Na; mu^i \h NaQO^.

-> ph^i c6 m6t halogen c6 M > 106,11 - » d6 iot.
• v
^tf
2. Phuong trinh phan umg nhifit phan mu6'i:
Vay c6ng thiic cua mud'i thiJ 2 Ilk Nal.
.0
NaClOj — ^ NaQ + O,
Dod6c6haitrucmghop:
"
' « f-*'
Theo phuong trinh s6' mol NaQ = s6 mol NaQOj = 0,012
* Tru&ng hop 1: NaF, NaClzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
vk Nal.
=> Kh6i luong NaQ = 0,012. 58,5 = 0,702 g.
Goi a, b Mn lugt la s6 mol ciia NaQ
Nal
#
Ca u 7: Cho 50 gam dung dich M X ( M la kim loai ki6m, X 1^'halogen) 35,6% tac
^
^ [58,5a + 150b = 5,81
[ 3 = 0,01027
laco: <
dung vcri 10 gam dung dich AgNOj thu duoc ke't tua. Loc kfi't tiia, duoc dung
a + b = 0,045

*

[b = 0,03472

djch nude loc. Bie't n6ng d6 M X trong dung djch sau thi nghidm giam 1,2 ISn so

n i N ^ = 58,5. 0,01027 = 0,6008 (g); niN,, = 150. 0,03472 = 5,208 (g)

vdi n6ng d6 ban ddu.

Vay:

C6ng thurc mu6'i M X la

%Naa = ^ ^ 1 ^ . 1 0 0 % = 9,64%
6,23

A. NaF.

D.NaBr.

C. L i Q .

B.KI .

%NaF = 6,77%; %NaI = 83,59%
Tru&ng hop 2: NaF, NaBr va Nal.

' •

Hudng ddn gidi

r,,
, ^•
35,6x50
o , X
= 17,8 (gam)
Theo bai ra: mMx =
100
[ b ' = 0,025 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

Tac6: j l 0 3 a ' ^ 1 5 0 b ' = 5,81_^ ra' = 0,02
[a' + b' = 0,045
Ttif,^

2 Ofi
va y %NaBr = — . 1 0 0 % = 33.07%
6,23
%NaI = 141-100% = 60,19%; %NaF = 6,74%.
6,23
C&u 6: Ho^ tan 1,086 gam mu6'i chiJa oxi ciia clo vdi m6t kim loai ki^m v^o nude,
axit hod dung djch bang axit H2SO4 loang rdi them tiT dung dich K I vao cho de'n
khi kh6ng c6n I , thoat ra thi thu duoc 6,096 gam I2. CQng luong mu6'i trdn dem
nhiet phan hoan to^n sau phan ihig con lai a gam mu6'i.
1. Xdc dinh c6ng thiic mu6'i?
'
(')
2. Tfnha?

,0 - =

M X + AgNO, ->zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPO
M N O 3 + AgX i

= 103. 0,02 = 2,06 (g); niN„ = 150. 0,025 = 3,75 (g)

X
=>

m^gx

= (108

=>

mMXc6„i,i =

X

X

+ X).x;
17,8

X

HIMX phin

-(M

+

(mol)

= (M +

X).x

X).x

=> C% M X trong dung dich sau phan ihig la:
_17,8-(M+X).x
6 0 - ( 1 0 8 + X).x

^ 3 5 ^ ^ j 2 o .(M + X ) =35,6.(108 + X )
1.2

M
X

L i (7)
a

MlaLi,Xiaa

(35,5)

Na(23)
12,58

K(39)
4634,44

mu6i M X la L i a .

Dap dn dung la C.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
1. C6ng thiic mu6'i c6 dang RQO, (x = 1 -> 4).
Phuong trinh phan umg: zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

Rao, + 2xKI + xH,S04 ^ RQ + xlj + xK,S04 + xH^O
18

19


Dang 2: Xdc

dinh luffng chat (tham gia,

sdn phdm,

cdn

Iqi sau phan

zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
G o i s6 m o l Fe304 la x => s6 m o l Cu la 3x

vd thdnh phan cdc chat trong hdn harp

1. L i thuy^'t v$n dung va phuong phap glai:

*
-

Hu&ng ddn giai

itng)

T ac 6: 232x + 64.3x = 4 2 , 4 = > x = 0 , l
zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

Cac phucfng phap g iai nhanh duo c sir d ung :

Fe304 + 8HC1

Phuong phap bao toan electron: Tro ng phan ung o xi hoa khu, t6ng s6' mo l

0,1

2FeCl3 + FeCl2 + 4 H 2 O

->

0,2

A.- ,J / - '

'rf^

electron d o chat khu ciio phai d iing bang td ng s6' mo l electro n d o chat o xi hoa nhan:
S e ( c h o ) = Ee ( n h a n )

+

Cu

=> iicho-Necho = n„hi:,. N ,„ h,„

CU CI 2 + 2 F e C l 2

''"'"'"^

'

= > n c u ( d . , - 0 . 1 - 3 - 0 , 1 - 0 , 2 ( m o l)

+

Dat ^ n, d ua vao d jnh luat bao toan electro n lap d uac p huo ng trinh d ai s6'.

+

Giai he phircmg trinh, xac d jnh cac d ai luo ng theo yfiu ciu ciia bai to an.

Phuong ph^p bao toan khoi luong: Tro ng m6t phan ung hoa hoc, td ng kh6'i luo ng

ciia cac chat san ph^m bang t6ng kh6'i luo ng ciia cac chat tham gia phan ung.

A p d ung : Tro ng m6t phan ung , c6 n chat (k^ ca chat phan ung va san p h^m),
ne'u bie't kh6'i luo ng cua (n - 1) chat thl tinh duo c khd'i luo ng ciia chat co n lai.
-

2 Fc Cl ,

0,1
0,2
• ••••
V iet cac qua trinh o x i ho a, qua trinh khijf (kho ng zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
cin vie't phucmg trinh phan

ling o x i hoa - khir).

-

+

V ay m = mcu (du) = 0. 2. 64 = 12,8(g am)

•

Dap an d ung la D .

' '' "

Chu v: + ) Fe304 = Fe203 .FeO

'

+ ) Tuy Cu kh6ng tan tro ng H C l , nhung bj hoa tan bod FeCl,.
—~—
t

—

''

'

Thi du 2: Ho a tan ho an to an 2,7 gam h6n ho p X g 6m Fe, Cr, A l bang d ung d jch

Phuong phap su dung cac cong thurc giai nhanh:

H C l d u , thu d uo c 1,568 lit khi H j (d ktc). M at khac, cho 2,7 gam X phan ling
C6ng thiic tm h kh6'i luo ng mu6'i clo rua thu ducfc khi hoa tanzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
hit h6n ho p kim
ho an to an v d i k h i
d u , thu d uo c 9,09 gam mud'i. Khd 'i luo ng A l tro ng 2,7
lo ai bang d ung d ich H C l : m„ „ ,„ , = m^i^^,^ zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
+ ^ IHHJ
gam X la bao nhiau?

+

+

C6ng thiirc tinh kh6'i luo ng mu6'i clo rua thu d uo c khi hoa tan h6't h6n hcyp o xit

k i m lo ai bang d ung d jch H C l : m,|„„, =

mh4„

A . 1,08 g am .

B. 0,27 g am.

+ 27,5nH ci

C. 0,81 g am.

D . 0 , 5 4 gam.

(Trich de tuy en sink Cao dang nam 2012

- Khoi

Hu&ng ddn gidi

*

M 6 ts 6 ' c h u y :

-

Fe304 khi g iai bai tap c6 the qui d o i thanh: FeO .Fe^Oj.

Theo bai ra: H j j ^ = 0,07 ( m o l)

FejO^ + 8HC1 - > 2FeCl3 + FeCl, + 4 H , 0

Go i x ,y ,z 1& luo t la so m o l Fe ,C r,A l tro ng X.

D o d o h6n horp C u, Fe304 c6 tha' bi tan hat tro ng d ung d jch H C l (Cu khd ng tac
d ung v d i d ung d jch H C l nhung bj hoa tan bo i d ung d ich FeClj):
Cu + 2Fea3

=>56x + 52y + 27z = 2,7

(l)

CuCU +zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
2Fea2
*) X + d d H Q d u :

-

M u d i clo rua bj o xi hoa bo i KM n04/H2S04: zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Fe + 2HC1 - > Fe C l j + H j t
I O AI CI 3 + 6K M n04 + 2 4 H 2 S O4
5 Al 2 (S04)3 + 3K , S 04 + 6M nS04 + 2 4 H 2 O

-

K i m lo ai Fe (hoac Cr) tac d ung v o i CU va axit H C l tao ra san ph£m mu6'i clo rua

X

khac nhau:

2Cr + 30,

3 !:::

A l + 3H a

- > 2CrCl3

C r + 2HC1zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
CTCXJ + H ,

2. C ac thi du minh hoa:

->

X

^

A I CI 3 + l.SH j t

z
=>x + y + l,5z - 0,07

.;

Cr + 2HC1 ^ C r Q j + H 2 t
y

->

l,5z

_ .

( 2)

*) X + C l , ( d u ) :
Thidu

y

'

1: Cho 42,4 gam h5n hcrp g 6m Cu va Fe304 (c6 ti le so m o l tuo ng ung la

3 : 1) tac d ung vori d ung d ich H C l d u , sau khi cac phan ung xay ra ho an toan

c6n lai m gam chat ran. Gia trj ciia m la
A . 6,4.

B.9,6.

C . 19,2.

D . 12,8.

(Trick de tuy en sink Cao dang khoi A)

Fe + - C l 2 - > F e a 3

2
2
3

Cr + - C l 2 ^ C r Q j
2
^

x - > l , 5x

y - > 1.5y

\

• '

A)


A1 + -C12

2 ^
z—•l.Sz

fhi du 4: D6't 16,2 gam hOn hop X g6m Al va Fe trong khi CI2 thu duoc h6n hop
chat ran Y . Cho Y vao nude du, thu duoc dung dich Z va 2,4 gam kim loai.
Dung dich Z tac dung duoc vdfi t6i da 0,21 mol KMn04 trong dung dich
H2SO4 (kh6ng tao ra SO2). Phdn tram khd'i luong ciia Fe trong h6n hop X la
A. 72,91%.
'

B. 64,00%.
C. 66,67%. '
D. 37,33%.
(Trich di t hi t uyin sink DH khoi B)

• AlCl,

=>x + y + z = 0,06

(3)

Hu&ng ddn gidi

Tir (1, 2, 3) =>x = 0,02; y = 0,02; z = 0,02

Goi X , y l^n luot lazyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHG
s>6 mol Al, Fe phan ling.
? izyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
n
Tac6:
27x + 56y = 16,2-2,4 = 13,8
(l)
'zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihg
.K,
Dap an diing la D. zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Theo djnh luat bao toan electron ta c6:
'
Thi du 3: H6n hap X c6 khd'i luong 82,3 gam g6m K Q O j ,zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
€ 3 ( 0 0 3 ) 2 , CaQj va
3(x + y ) = 0,21.5=>x + y = 0,35 (2)

K Q . Nhiet phan ho^n to^n X thu duoc 13,44 lit O2 (dktc), chat ran Y g6m
Tir(l,2) =>x=0,2;y = 0,15.
CaQz va KCl. Toan b6 Y tac dung vira du vdi 0,3 lit dung djch K2CO3 IM thu

• Vay iTiAi/x -0,02.27 = 2,54(g)

,

, j)

duoc dung dich Z. Luang KCl trong Z nhi^u ga'p 5 15n luong K C l trong X.

Khdi lirang Fe trong X nam trong khoang:

PhSn tram khd'i luong KCl trong X la

0,15.56
A. 18,10%.

B. 12,67%.

C. 29,77%.

'

•'

vay 51,85% < %mpj,/x <66,667%

D. 25,62%.

(Trick dSt hi t uyen sink DH khoi A)
Hu&ng ddn gidi

Dap an diing la B.
Thidu 5: D6t chay hdn hop g6m 1,92 gam Mg va 4,48 gam Fe vdi h6n hop khi

Phuong phap bao toan kh6'i luong:

X g6m clo va oxi, sau phan dug chi thu duoc h6n hop Y g6m cdc oxit va

Theo bai ra:

mu6'i clorua (khdng c6n khi du). Hoa tan Y bang m6t luong vfira dii 120 ml

= 0,6 (mol); nK2C03 = 0,3 (mol)

dung dich HCl 2M, thu duoc dung dich Z. Cho AgNOj du vao dung dich Z ,
Sodd phan utig:

X

'° > Y + Oj

thu duoc 56,69 gam kd't tia. Phin tram th^ tfch ciia clo trong h6n hop X la

Theo dinh luat bao toan khd'i luong ta c6:

A. 51,72%.

B. 76,70%.

" " Y = m c a a 2 ( Y ) + m K C i ( Y ) =82,3-0,6.32 = 63,l(g)
PTHH:

CaCI, + K.COj ^ CaC03 + 2 K a
0,3

0,3

C. 53,85%.

D. 56,36%.

(Trich di t hi t uyen sink DH khdj B)
i

0,6 (mol)

Hu&ng ddn gidi

. ^

Se> mol cac cha't: n^^ = 0,08 (mol); np^ = 0,08 (mol); nna = 0,24 (mol)

• " c a C a i Y ) =0.3.111 =33,3(g)

Goi x, y, z Idn luot la s6' mol ciia Cl2,02 va Ag"^ (tao ra Ag).
=>'"Ka(Y) =63,1-33,3 = 29,8(g)

I*'

Cac qua trinh nhucmg nhan electron:
Mg-2e->Mg^*

Theo bai ra: ni,^Q^Y)+0,6 .74,5 = Sm^^^^^j

f

Fe - 3e -> Fe^*
=> 29.8 + 0.3.2.74,5 = 5.m^ci(x)
vay

-"KCKX)

= 14,9(g) ^

%m zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
^„ (^pli i 2l! ^. 18,10%
82,3

Dap an diing la A.

2cr
20-^

a 2 + 2e ->zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHG
0 2 + 4e

Ag*+ le ^ Ag

f
'

Theo nguyfin tac bao toan electron, ta c6:
0,08.2 + 0,08.3 = 2x + 4y + Iz =>2x + 4y+ z = 0,4

99

'^^

' ' '
(l)
23


Hu&ng ddn gidi

->zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
H 2O
O2 + 4e
-> 20 ^"

2H* +
0,24->0,12
=>y = 0,06

0,06

3 36
zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
= r T 7 = 0,15(mol)
Theobaira: nci2zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHG

0,12

22,4

(2)

K2Cr207 + 14HC1
Ag* + l e - > Ag J.
z

Ag+ +

z

Cr

^

AgCli

0,05

( 2 x + 0,24) - > (2x +0,24)

<-

0;i5(mol)

=>a = 0,05; b = 0,7

=> 108.Z + 143,5.(2x + 0,24) - 56,69
=>108z + 287x = 22,25

0,7

2KC1 + 2CrCl3 + 3CI2 + 7H 2O

Ddp &n diing la A.

(3)

Thi du 8: Cho m gam h6n hop X g6m FeO,Fe203,Fe304 vao m6t luong vira du

dung djch H Q 2M, thu diroc dung dich Y c6 ti 16 s6' mol Fe^"" va Fe^^ la 1: 2.
Chia Y thanh hai ph^n bang nhau. C6 can phSn m6t thu duoc m, gam mu6'i
Vay % V c , , h , = % n c , , / h h = - ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ = 53,85%
khan. Sue khi clo (du) vao phfo hai, c6 can dung dich sau phan ling thu duoc
•^
a2/hh
ci2/hh 0,07 + 0,06
m2 gam mu6'i khan. Bid't mj - m, = 0,71. Th^ tich dung djch HCI da dung la
Dap an diing la C. zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
A. 320 ml
B. 80 ml
C. 240 ml

D. 160 ml
(Trich de t uyen sinh Cao dang khoi A)
Thidu 6: Cin t6'i thi^u bao nhidu gam NaOH (m,) va
(mj) de' phan ling hoan
Hu&ng ddn gidi
tokn vdi 0,01 mol CrQj. Gia tri cua m, va mj iSn luot la
Vi Fe304 = FeO.Fe203 => coi h6n hop X chi gom FeO (x mol) va FejOj
A. 3,2 va 1,065
B. 3,2 v^ 0,5325
Tiir(l,2, 3) =>x=0,07;y = 0,06;z = 0,02

(y mol)
D. 6,4zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
vk 1,065
Ta c6: n^^c\ 2 = "FeO = x (mol); npecij = 2nFe203 = 2y (mol)
(Trich de t hi du bi dai hoc)

C. 6,4 va 0,5325

Hu&ng ddn gidi

V i ti le s6 mol Fe2+ va Fe^* la 1 : 2

PTHH:

=>nFeCi2 :"FeCi3 = 1:2

16NaOH + 2Cra3 + 3CI2 ^ 12NaCl + 2Na2Ci04 + 8H 2O
0,08
Vay:

CI2

<- 0,01 ^0,015(mol)

=> X : 2y = 1:2

+ 2Fe Cl 2

2Fe Cl 2

x/4<-x/2

x/2

m, =mNaOH =0,08.40 = 3,2(g)

TheobMra: m j - m , =0,71

"12 ='"c i 2 =0,015.71 = l,065(g)

71.x
di^u nay tuong duong voi: —'— -0,71
4

Dap an diing I I A.
ChU v.-

mat ly thuye't c6 t hi c6:

=>x = y .

Vay nHci =2x + 6y = 2.0,04+ 6.0,04 = 0,32(mol) zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZ

14NaOH + 2CrCl3 + 3CI2 ^ 12NaCl + Na2Cr207 + 7H 2O
0,07

<- 0,01

=^"^ddHa = 0,32/2 = 0,16(1) = 160(ml)
Dap an diing la
Thi du 9: Cho 3,16 gam KMn04 tac dung voi dung dich HCI dac (du), sau khi

0,015(mol)

=> m, = 0,07.40 = 2,8(g); m2 = 0,015.71 = l,065(g)

phan ling xay ra hoan toan thi s6' mol HCI bi oxi hoa la
Thi du 7: Cdn a mol K^CrjO, va b mol HCI d^ diiu che' duoc 3,36 lit
kifin chudn. Gia tri a v l b iSn lirot la
A. 0,05 va 0,7

B. 0,05 va 0,35

C. 0,1 va 0,7

di^u

A. 0,10.

B.0,16.

C.0,02.
D. 0,05.
(Trich de t uyen sinh Cao dang khoi A)
Hu&ng ddn gidi

D. 0,1 va 0,35

(Trich de t hi du bi dai hoc)
Theo b l i ra: n KMn04 =

3J6
158

=

0,02 (mol)
25


Cdchl:zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Bao toan electron zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
3. Cac bai tskp tu luyen:
-1

+2

+7

C&u 1: Cho 2,13 gam h6n hop X g6m ba kim loai Mg, Cu \k A l 6 dang b6t tac
CI2 + 2e
Mn zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
+ 5e
Mn zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
2a
dung hoan toan \cn oxi thu dugc h6n hop Y g6m cac oxit c6 kh6'i luong 3,33
0,02 ^ 0 , 0 1 (mol)
0,1
0,1 (mol)
gam. The' ti'ch dung dich HCl 2M vifa dii d^ phan umg he't voi Y la
S6 mol H Q bj oxi hoa la 0,10 mol
A. 90 ml.
B. 57 ml.
C. 75 ml.
D. 50 ml.
Dap an diing la A. zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi A)
Cdchl: Sir dung phuong trinh ion rut gpn:
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Ta
C
O
so
d6
phan
ulig:
^' * •' * ' ' ' '
2Mn04 + I6 H + + lOCF ^ IMn^^ + 5CI2 + 8H2O
' ' ^ ' P izyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYX

i,"'- ^ • .
Kimloai+oxi
> oxit
..fi:,Z7s
iFi i ;.
.
0,1 (mol)
0,02 ->
_,2
= > HHCI (bi oxi hod) = 1^. , - (bj oxi ho4) = 0,10

(mol)

( 0 + 2e

Dap an diing la A.
Chu y; Trong phan ung nay, HCl dong hai vai tro: .

Dodo:

m^imioai
=>

m„,i

+

moxi =

= m„,,i, -

-1

5-

> O)

^,,a
m,,,;,

mk,^,o,i

= 3,33

-

2,13

=

l,2g

12

+ Bj oxi hoa (chat khijr): 2C1 -> Clj + 2e
+ M6i tnrcmg (tao mu6'i clorua)
Do do kh6ng ti'nh diroc luong H Q bi oxi hoa theo phucfng trinh phan ling dang
phanzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
i \ X.
Thi du 10: Didn phan dung dich CuQj voi difin cue tro, sau m6t thoi gian thu

duoc 0,32 gam Cu b catot va m6t lucfng khi X b anot. HSfp thu hoan toan
lugtng khf X tr^n vao 200 ml dung dich NaOH (d nhiet d6 thucmg). Sau phan
ung, ndng d6 NaOH con lai la 0,05M (gia thie't th^ tich dung dich kh6ng thay
ddi). N6ng d6 ban ddu ciia dung dich NaOH la
A.0,15M.
B.0,2M.
C.0,1M.
D. 0,05M.
(Trich De thi tuyen sink Dai hoc khoi A)

=> Ho = — = 0,075 (mol) = n 2

v

' '

Qua trinh hoa tan oxit vao dung djch axit:
-2

O + 2H"
> H.O
, = 2 . n 2 = 2 . 0,075 = 0,15 (mol)
= > HHCI = n ^+

va y:

HO = ^

= 0,15

(mol)

,_

= 0,075 lit = 75 (ml).

Dap an diing la C .

C^u 2: Di hoa tan hoan toan 2,32 gam h6n hcpfp g6m FeO, Fe304 v^ FcjO, (trong
Hu&ng ddn gidi
do s6' mol FeO bang s6' mol Fe^O^), cSn diing vita dii V lit dung djch H Q I M .
0,32
Gia trj cua V la
S6 mol kim loai Cu: n^^ = 0,05(mol);
64
A. 0,08.
B.0,16.
C.0,18.
D. 0,23.
S6' mol NaOH du sau phan ihig:zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
n N,oH(d„) = 0,05.0,2 = 0,01 (mol).
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH khoi A)
^

CuCU

> Cu +
0,005

a.

2NaOH

0,005

0,01 (mol)

a,
0,005 (mol)

Hu&ng ddn gidi
V i s6' mol FeO bang s6' mol FcjOj ndn qui d6i h6n hap thanh Fe304 (FeO.FcjOj):

NaQ + NaQO + H.O
S6 mol Fe304: np,304 = ^

=> T6ng s6' mol NaOH ban ddu:
2^ n N,OH (bandiu) = HNaOH (p/x) + "NaOH (du)

PTPIT:
= 0,01

+ 0,01

= 0,02

Vay n6ng do ban ddu ciia dung dich NaOH: CN,OH (ban d4u)
Dap an diing la C .

(mol)

0,02
=

0,2

Fe304 + 8HC1
0,01

= 0,1M

- 0,01(mol)
> FeCl^ + 2FeCl3 + 4 H 2O

-> 0,08 (mol)

Suy ra th^ ti'ch dung djch HCl cSn dung: V,<,„c, = ^
E>ap an diing la A.

^

= 0,08 (lit)

'


Cau 5: Cho 9,12 gam h6n hop g6m FeO, FcjOj va Fe304 tac dung vdi dung djch
CauzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
3: De oxi hod hoan to^n 0,01 mol C r a , th^nh K 2 C r 0 4 bang CI, khi c6 mSt
HCl (du). Sau khi cac phan urig xay ra hoan to^n, duoc dung djch Y, c6 can Y

KOH, lirong t6'i thi^u
va KOH tucmg lingzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Ik
thu
diroc 7,62 gam FeClz va m gam FeQ,. Gia trj ciia m la
A. 0,015 mol va 0,04 mol.
B. 0,015 mol va 0,08 mol.
A. 9,75.
B. 8,75.
C. 7,80.
D. 6,50.
C. 0,03 mol va 0,04 mol.
C. 0,03 mol va 0,08 mol. zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
(Trich
De
thi
tuyen
sinh
Dai hoc khd'i B)
(Trich De thi tuyen sink DH khoi A)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Hudng ddn gidi
7 62
'
'
'
f
PTPU":
ICrGj + 3 0 , + 16KOH ^ 2K2Cr04 + 12KC1 + 8H,0
SdmolFeQ,: n p ^ a 2 = - [ ^ = *^'06('"°')

^ .0,01 mol
Vi Fe304 = FeO.FcjOj, nfen c6 th^ coi h6n hop g6m FeO (x mol) va FcjOj
TheoPTPU": n^^ = - .ncK:i3 = -.0,01 = 0,015 (mol)
(y mol).
HKOH =

8-

"ocb

=

8-

0,01

= 0,08

(mol)

Theo bai ra, ta c6:

v

72x + 160y = 9,12

(1)

PTPU*:
FeO + 2HC1

> FeCU + HjO
Vay cin t6'i thieu 0,015 molzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
CI2 va 0,08 mol KOH.
X
X
Dap an dung la B.
Fe^Oj + 6 H a zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
> 2FeCl3 + 3H2O ^
Cau 4: Nung h6n hop b6t g6m 15,2 gam CTJOJ va m gam A l & nhifit d6 cao. Sau
y

khi phan ihig hoan toan, thu duoc 23,3 gam h6n hop ran X. Cho toan b6 h6n hop
X phan ling vdi axit HCl (du) thoat ra V lit khi H2 (6 dktc). Gia tri ciia V la
A. 3,36.
B. 4,48.
C. 7,84.
D. 10,08.

2y

n Feci2 = X = 0-06 (mol)

(2)

TO (1, 2) ta c6: X = 0,06; y = 0,03 (mol)

(Trich Delhi tuyen sink DH - khd'i B)

vay

m = m p^ci, = 2.y. 162,5 = 2.0,03.162,5 = 9,75 (gam)

Hudng ddn gidi
S6' mol Cr^O,:

Dap an diing la A.

15,2
nc^o 3 = T T T = 0, '(mol)
152

So 6.6 phan ling: A l + CfjOj -> H6n hop sau phan ihig
•"0 20 3

+

'"AI

=

nihhsp

=> niA, = mhh,p - m C ^ Q J = 23,3 - 15,2 = 8,1 (g)
=>

UA,

(Trich De thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc - khoi B)
Hu&ng ddn gidi

zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
= 0,3 (mol)

PTPLT:
Saupir:

=

—

Cr,03

0,1

+ 2A1
0,1 (mol)

; f ; 2 A 1 + 6Ha
0,1
Cr + 2 H a

Theobaira: n^^ = ^
=0,15(mol); n^Q=
^ 22,4
^

> 2Cr + AI2O3
0,2

*

X + HCl:

Cu + HCl

0,15 (mol)

0,2 (mol)

*

=0,35. 22,4 = 7,84 (lit)

Dap an dung la C.

l,5x
> khdng phan ung

,

.

X + HNO3

Zn H2 = 0,15 + 0,2 = 0,35 (mol)
=>

> 2AICI3 + 3H2t

= 1,5. x = 0,15 =>x = 0,1 (mol).

> C r a , + HjT

0,2

2A1 + 6HC1
X

> 2k\C\^ + 3H2T
-

^
= 0,3(mol).
22,4

0,1

Sau phan ling nhiet nh6m c6: 0,1 mol A l (du); 0,2 mol Cr; 0,1 mol AI2O3.

ft,

Cau 6: Cho m gam h6n hop X gdm A l , Cu vao dung dich HCl (du), sau khi V.€x
thiic phan ling sinh ra 3,36 lit khi (o dktc). Neu cho m gam h6n hop X trSn vao
mot luong du axit nitric (dac, nguoi), sau khi ka't thuc phan umg sinh ra 6,72 lit
khi NO, (san phdm khir duy nha't, do 6 dktc). Gia tri ciia m 1^
A. 11,5.
B. 10,5.
C. 12,3.
D. 15,6.

Al + HNOj^ij,
.

„g„oi)

> bj thu d6ng hoa

Cu + 4HN03,<,i,) zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLK
> Cu(N03)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O
y


va y
CM („ a, = x/ 0,1 = 0.05/ 0,1 = 0 . 5 M .
Dap &n dung la B.

nzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
N O2 = 2y = 0,3 => y = 0,15 (mol)

Vay zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
m = niA, + mc„ = 0,1.27 + 0,15.64 = 12,3 (g)
c a u 9: Hoa tan he't 7,74 gam h6n hop b6t M g , A l b ^ g 500 ml dung djch h6n hop
Dap an dung la C. zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
H Q I M va H2SO4 0,28M thu dugc dung djch X va 8,736 lit khi H2 (Jb dktc). C6
Chu v: * A l , Fe, Cr bi thu d6ng hoa trong H N O 3 dSc, ngu6i.
can dung djch X thu duoc luong mu6'i khan la
Cau 7: Dung dich X chiia h6n hop g6m NazCOj 1,5M
K H C O 3 I M . ^fh6 tir tv?
A . 77,8 6 gam.
B. 25.95 gam.

C. 103,85 gam.
D. 38,93 gam.
timg giot cho de'n hfi't 200 ml dung djch H Q I M v^o 100 ml dung djch X, sinh
(Trich Di thi tuy en sinh Cao ddng khd'i A)
ra V 1ft khi (6 dktc). Gia trj cua V la
• ,vi'
Hudng ddn gidi
A . 4,48.
B. 1,12.
C.2,24.
D. 3.36. zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Theo b^i ra: n^a = 0.5. 1 = 0.5 (mo l);
^
^'l ' * ^
(Trich Be thi tuy en sinh Dai hoc khd'i A)
nH 2S 04 = 0.5. 0.28 = 0,14 (mo l); n H ^ = 8.736/ 22.4 = 0,39 (mo l).
Hu&ngddngim

Theo b^i ra: n^a = 0,2.1 = 0,2 (mo l); n N a jCO a = 0,1.1,5 = 0,15 (mo l).
'

'

n K H c o 3 = 0.11

= 0,1

(mo l)

'

Khi nho tir tCr dung djch H Q (H") vao X thi:
%

Na^COj +
0,15

HCl

>

=

Sord6:

Kim lo ai+ A xit

"8 2 8 0 4

+

> mud'i + H j

''^ '

,.

-

> NaCl + NaHCO,

> 0,15

^na^ => A xit phan ling v&a he't vo i kim lo ai.

Ta thafy

=>m

= 7,74 + 0,5.36.5 + 0.14.98 - 0,39.2 = 38.93 (gam).

Dap An diing 1^ D.

0.15 (mol)

Ca u 10 : Cho m gam b6t A l vao c6c chura V lit dung djch NaOH 2M , sau phan ling
hoan tohn cho tiep dung djch HCl vao c6c 66 de'n khi cha't ran tan he't thafy cdn
diing 800 ml dung djch H Q I M va c6 3 .36 lit khi thoat ra (cj dktc). Gia tri cua m
+zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
H 2O
va V lin luot la

Sau phan ling nay, luong HCl con lai la: n^am = 0,2 - 0,15 = 0.05 (mol)
Do d6. xay ra qua trinh:
+

H CO3

H*

0.05 <

>

0.05 — >

C O :t

A . 6 .075 va 0.0625
C. 7,425 va 0.0625

0,05 (mol)

B. 6 .075 va 0,2500
D. 3,375 v^ 0,2500

v a y V = Vco2 = 0,05.22,4 =1.12 (lit).

Hu&ng ddn gidi

TTieo bM ra:

Dap an dung la B.

c a u 8 : Khi cho 100 ml dung djch KO H I M vao 100 ml dung djch HCl thu duot
dung djch c6 chiia 6.525 gam chat tan. Ndng d6 mol (hoac mol/ 1) ciia H Q trong
dung djch da dung 1^
A .0.75M .

B.0.5M .

C. I M .

D. 0.25M.

(Trich Dim tuy en sinh Cao dang khoi A)
Huong ddngidi

Theo bai ra:

UKOH

Gia thid't KO H phan img he't => n^a =

X

x

->

N aA l(O H )^ + 4HC1
- >

x

4x

= 0.1 (mol)

y

- > 3 y -).

(m o l)

N aQ + AICI3 + 4 H 2 O

2A1 + 6HC1-).2A 1C13+ 3H 2

t

l, 5 y

T uzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
. . v .
,
r4x + 3y = 0.8

Suy ra, KO H phan irng chira he't ( H Q he't. chat tan c6 K Q v^ KO H ).
Go i X , y Idn luot 1^ s6' mo l KO H phan ling voi HCl va c6n du.
Theo b i i ra. ta c6:

x + y = 0.1

(1)

-

74.5. X + 56. y = 6,525

(2)

Tir ( 1. 2) ta giai ra duoc x = 0.05.

->

> K Q + HjO

=> mKc, = 0,1. 74,5 = 7,45 (g) > 6.525 (g).

i

2A l + 2 N a O H + 6 H 2 O ^ 2 N a AI (OH)^ + 3H 2 t

X

IIK O H

- 0.8.1 = 0.8 (mo l)

Khi thoat ra la H^: n^^^= 3 .36 / 22.4 - 0.15 (mo l)

= 0,1.1 = 0.1 (mo l).

Phuong trinh phan ung: KO H + H Q

HHCI

Theo bairataco :-^zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHG
^

ix> x = 0.125; y = 0.1
[1.5y =0.15

Vay: m = (x + y).27 = (0,125 + 0,l).27 = 6 .075(g)
V = x/ 2 = 0,125/ 2 = 0,0625(1)
J > 5 p d n d u n g l a A.

J


Cty TNHHMTV mvu

KhangVift

C&uzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
11:zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
H6n h3,2 gam chat rSn kh6ng tan.
dung dich HCl du thu duoc 186 gam mu6'i va c6zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Fe.Oy + yCO -> xFe + yCOj
Cung la'y 50 gam M tac dung hoan toan vdi khi clo thi thu duoc 199,85 gam
1
y
mu6'i. Phin tram khd'i luong cua Cr va Cu trong M l^n luot la
0,15/2y0,075
A. 17,84 va 12,8%
B. 20,80% v^ 6,4%
C. 2,080% va 6,4%
D. 30,67% v^ 23,4%
=>Vco =0,075.22,4 = 1,68 (1ft)

^
^
Hu&ng ddn gidi
, ,
E)ap an dung la A.
* M + dung djch HCl (du):
cau 13: Nho ttr tir cho de'n het 400 ml dung dich H Q I M vko 200 ml dung djch
Cr + 2 H C l ^ C r C l 2 + H 2
chura d6ng thcri Na^COj I M va NaHCOj I M , kfi't thuc phan ling thu duoc V lit
2Al + 6 H a - ) - 2 A l C l 3 + 3H 2
CO2 (dktc). Gia tri ctia V la (cho C = 12,0 = 16, H = 1, Na = 23, Q = 35,5)
A.
4,48
B. 8,96
C. 6,72
D. 2,24
Mg + 2 H C l - > M g C l 2 + H 2
Cu + HCl

Hudng ddn gidi

> Kh6ng xay ra.

Theobaira: n^ci =0,4(mol)

=^mc„-3,2(g)^nc„=0,05(mol)
3,2.100%
'Cu/M

nNa2C03 =0,2(mol); nN,HC03 =0,3(mol)

-6,4%

50

* M + Khia,(du):
2Cr + 3Cl2->2CrCl3

PTPU':

HCl + Na2C03 -)• NaHCOj + NaCf

Ban d^u:

0,4

Phan iJng:

0,2 <- 0,2

0,2

Conlai:
0,2
2A1 + 3Cl2zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
2AICI3

C U + C I 2 - >Cu Cl 2

Ta tha'y:

10,4.100% = 20,8%
50
Dap an diing la B.
Cau 12: Hoa tan het 4 gam oxit Fe.Oy c^n diing 52,14 ml dung dich HCl 10%
(d = 1,05 gam/ml). Dd' k h ii hoa hoan toan 4 gam oxit sat nay dn it nha't th^ tfch
k h i CO (dktc) la (cho H = 1, CI = 35,5, O = 16, C = 12, Fe = 56)
A. 1,68 lit
B. 1,24 lit
C. 0,056 lit
D. 1,545 lit
Huamg ddn gidi

0,4

Phan ling:

0,2 ->

0,2

2y

0,15

->

0,2

xFeCl2y/ , +

•

A. 1,008 lit

B. 0,336 lit
C. 1,344 lit
Hu&ng ddn gidi

Theo bki ra: n.
'K2Cr207 "

4,41

D. 0,672 lit

= 0,015 (mol)

PTPU:
K2Cr207 + 14HCI -> 2KC1 + 2Cra3 + 3CI2 + 7H 2O
0,015

->

0,045 (mol)

=>Vc,2 =0,045.22,4 = 1,008 (lit)

^
...

52,14.1,05.10
Theobaira: n^^i^—r::r^:7-7—=0,15(mol)
100.36,5

1
0,15/ 2y

0,2

cau 14: Cho 4,41 gam KjCr.O, vao dung djch HCl dSc, dir. Th^ tich khi thoat ra {b
dktc) sau khi ka't thuc phan ling la

>%m'Cr/M

2yH Cl

0,4

Dap an diing la A.

m c , = 0,2.52 = 10,4{g)

+

0,2

Vco2 = 0,2 . 22,4 = 4,48 (lit)

m c u c i j + "^Crcij - mcrCi2 = '^^,85 -186

Fe^Oy

^

0

Banddu:

-> 0,05(mol)

=> 0,05.135+ ncr(l58,5-123) = 13,85 =:>ncr =0,2

PTPlT:

0,2

HCl + NaHC03 -> NaQ + CO2 t +H 2O

Mg + Cl2 - > M g C l 2

0,05

,

f^ap an dung la A.
yH 20

15: Hoa hat 2,32 gam h6n hop FeO, Fe304, Fe^O, (trong d6 FeO, Fc.O, c6 s6'
"lol bang nhau) trong 80 ml dung djch HCl I M thu duoc dung djch X. Cho X
tac dung voi dung dich AgNOj du thi thu duoc bao nhieu gam chat kh6ng tan?

^• 16,80
B. 11,48
C. 1,08
D. 12,56


Huang ddn gidi zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
prPlT:
CrjOj +6HC1 ^ 2CrCl3 + 3 H 2 O
V izyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
npeo = npejOa ^ Co' h6n hop la Fe304 (FeO.FePj).
"Fe304 -

PTPLT:

• ^'"^^ =0,01(mol);

HHCI

6x

X

2x

CuO + 2HCl- > - Cu Cl 2 + H 2 O

=0,08(mol)

J,

, ,

y ^
2y
y
Fe304+8HCl-^2FeCl3 +zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Fe Cl 2 + 4 H 2 0
Fe304 + 8 H Cl ->2FeCl3 +FeCl2 + 4 H 2 O
0,01
0,08 -> 0,02 ->0,01
z ^ 8z
2z
z
Dung djch Y g6m: 2x mol CrClj; y mol CuQj

^ =>nFea3 =0.02(mol); npecij =O.OKmol)

2z mol FeQj; z mol FeClj.

Y + Ni:
FeCl3+3AgN03
,

,

0,02

y

> 3 A g Cl
>

F e Cl 2

+ 3AgN03

I+Fe(N03)3

0,06 (mol)

z/2 <-z

— ^ > 2 A g C lzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
i +Ag i +Fe(N03)3
Ni + CU CI 2

0,01
. Vay, kh6'i luong chat khdng tan:

> 0,02 -> 0,01 (mol)

^ m = mAgci +mAg =(0,06 + 0,02).143,5 + 0,01.108-12,56(gam)
Dap an dung la D.
C^u 16: Cho 17,5 gam h6n hop A l , Zn, Fe tac dung hoan toan vdi dung dich HCl
du thu diroc dung djch X va V lit H , (dktc). C6 can dung djch X thu duoc 53
gam mu6'i khan. VSy gia tri cua V la
A. 8,96
B.5,60
C. 11,2

D. 6,72
Hit&ng ddn gidi
Sodd: MCL

> =>53

=

+

m„o,„,

=> nioiorua = 53 - 17,5 = 35,5 (g) ^

HCl

->H^+cr
1 <-l(mol)

n^^_ = l(mol)

2H++2e
1

^HjT
->0,5(mol)

'

vay V = 0,5 .22,4= 11,2 (1ft)

Dap an dung la C .
Cau 17: D^ hoa tan hat h6n hop X g6m Cr^Oj, CuO, Fe304 cin vira du 550 ml dung
djch HCl 2M, sau phan ling thu duoc dung dich Y. M6t nijfa dung dich Y tha'y
hoa tan he't t6'i da 2,9 gam b6t Ni. C6 can nifa dung dich Y con lai thi thu duofc
bao nhiau gam mu6'i khan?
A. 30,525 gam
B. 30,8 gam
C. 61,6 gam
D. 61,05 gam
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Theo bki ra:

HHCI

=1,1 (mol);

''• '
>Cu + N i C l 2

y/2<-y/2
Theo bai ra, ta c6: 6x + 12y + 87 = 1,1 => 3x + y +,4z = 0,55 (1)
z/2+ y/2 = 0,05 => z + y = 0,1
(2)
CAn tinh: m=mcK:i3 +mcua2 +'"FeCi3 +'"FeCi2

"

=>m = 158,5+ 135.^+162,5.7+127.2
2
=>m = 158,5x +67,5y + 226z.

v

=>m=67,5(y + z)+158,5(x + z)

(3)

TO (1, 2) vao (3) duoc: m = 67,5.0,1+ 158,5.0,15=30,525(gam)

-)-M"++nCr

17,5

Ni + 2FeCl3-).2FeCl2+ N i Cl 2

=0,05 (mol)

Goi X , y, z \in luot la s6' mol ciia CrjOj, CuO, Fe304 c6 trong h6n hop X.

Dap an diing 1^ A.
Cau 18: Kh6i luong t6'i thi^u NaOH
Q , d^ oxi hoa hoan t o ^ vdd 0,» ' ;nol
NaCrOz thanh Na2Cr041^ luot la
A. 1.6gva l,065g.
B. 3,2 g va 2,13 g.
C. 1,2 gva 1,065 g.
D. 1,6 g v^ 2,13 g.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
PTHH:
2NaCr02 + ^Clj + 8 N a O H - > 2Na2Cr04 + 6NaCl + 4 H 2 O

0,01

-> 0,015-> 0,04 (mol)

mNaOH = 0,04.40 = l,6g; m p j = 0,015.71 = l,065g

^

^

E)ap an diing la A.
Cau 19: Ho^ tan hoan to^n m gam h6n hop g6m Na, Ba, K v^o nu6c thu duoc x
gam khi H,. Ne'u cho m gam h6n hop trfen tic dung vdd dung djch H Q du, r6i c6
can dung djch sau phan ling thi khd'i luong mud'i khan thu duoc 1^
A. (m + 17x)gam
B. (m + 35,5x)gam
C. (m + 142x)gam

D. (m + 17,75x)gam

,,
35


TtnwaatzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
mmzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
gtat nhann
BTzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
H 0 ir n ^ s r Ta p 7
-Timtanli

Toan

f)iiu ch6 cac hop chat c6 oxi ciia clo:
Hu&ng ddn gidi zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
CI2 + 2NaOH (,„j„g)zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
> NaQ + NaQO + H 2 O
K i hifiu Chung ba kim loai 1^ M (hoa trj chung 1^ n).
0 2 + Ca(OH) 2 ( b « „
M + n H j O ^ M (OH)^ +zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
f zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
" 2 '^ zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
30 2 + 6 KOH — ^
•
M + nHa^M a „+ | H 2 t

> CaOClj + H 2 O
5KC1 + K O O j + 3 H 2 O

6 0 2 + 6Ca(OH) 2 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLK
— ^
€ 3 ( 0 0 3 ) 2 + 5 Ca a 2 + 6H2O

Lufong H 2 sinh ra trong 2 phan ihig n^y bling nhau.
2.

2 X

Ca c th i d u m i n h h o a :

'rhidu I Chat diing d ^ 1 ^ kh6 khi 0 2 im \h

Vay kh6i lucmg mudl thu duoc: m^i^

,„,i

+ m.^™. = m + 3 5 , 5 x (g)

A . NajSOj khan.

Dap an dung la B.

B. dung dich H 2 S O4 dam dac.

C CaO.

D- dung djch N a O H dac.
(Trick di tuyen sinh Cao dang - Khoi A)

^
Dang 3: Dieu che,

tinh

Hu&ng ddn gidi

che

vd phdn Met cdc halogen vd hap chdi cua

Cha't CO th^ dung di lam kh6 khi 0 2 im phai la:

halogen

v

+ Chaft hao nude
1.

-

L i t h u y e t vakn dung va phuorng phap giai:

+

Thoa man d i ^u ki6n tr6n la dung dich H 2 S O4 dam dac.

D i l u ch^ cac halogen trong phong thi nghidm va trong c6ng nghidp:
4HX(,) + MnO. — ^

MnX^ +

16HX,,) + 2KMn04

Dap an dung la B .

+ 2H2O

Thi du 2: C6 4 6'ng nghidm duoc danh s6 theo tu: t u 1, 2, 3 , 4 . M 6 i 6ng nghifim

> 2 K X + 2 Mn X2 + X2 + 8 H 2 O

6 H X(„ + KQOj

chiia m6t trong cac dung dich A g N O j , Z n 0 2 , H I , Na2C03. Bife't rang:

> KCl + 3 X 2 + 3 H 2 O

2NaX + MnOj + 2 H 2 S O4 , , , — ^

-

Xj + MnS04 + Na.SO^ + 2 H 2 O

m ^ng n gan

Dung dich trong 6'ng nghifim 2 va 3 t^c dung duoc vdd nhau sinh ra ch&t k h i ;
Dung dich trong 6'ng nghifim 2 va 4 kh6ng phan ling duoc vol nhau.
Dung dich trong cac 6'ng nghifim 1, 2, 3 , 4 1 ^ lupt 1^:

(X la a , Br, I)
2 N a a + 2H2O

Chat khdng tac dung vdd O j

> 0 2 ! + H2t + 2 N aOH

A. ZnCl2,Na2C03,HI,AgN03

B. A g N 0 3 , H I , N a 2 C 0 3 , Z n C l 2

C. A g N 0 3 , N a 2 C 0 3 , H I , Z n C l 2

D. ZnCl2,HI,Na2C03,AgN03

xtt"

2NaBr +

a2(ve«du) —

2NaI + Cl2 (w«du)

(Trick de tuyen sinh Cao dang khdi A)

> 2 a 2 + 2H20

4 H C I + O2 <

—

^

I2 +

^

Hu&ng ddn gidi

Br2 + 2Naa

2Naa

-

2HI + Na2C03

Di^u chd' cac hidro halogenua H X :
Ca F 2 „) + H2S04(d) - i i ^ 2 H F t + CaS04 i

2Naa„ +
H 2 ,ic,+

RH +

H2S04,<,)

' " " ' " " " ^ > 2 H a + Na2S04

^n g nghiem 2 va 4 la H I , Z n C l j .
H I + Z n C l 2 k h 6 n g xay ra
=> 6ng nghiem 2 la H I .

=> 6ng nghiem 1 la A g N 0 3 (dung dich con lai).

RCl + H C l

PX3 + 3 H 2 O ^

-

2NaI + C O j t + H 2 O

^n g nghifim 3 , 4 \in lupt la Na2C03, Z n Q j .

Cl 2 „, — ! - ^ 2 H a , k ,

^

6ng nghidm 2 va 3 la H I , Na2C03:

Vay 1, 2, 3 , 4 \in lupt la A g N 0 3 , H I , N a 2 C 0 3 , Z n C l 2

3 H X + H 3 P O3

E>^p an diing la B.
T h u c te.

3X2 + 2 P + 6 H 2O

6 H X + 2 H 3 P O3

37


Chu y:
jzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
TM du 3: Kh6ng khi trong ph6ng thi nghiSm bi 6 nhi^m boi khi clo.
khiJt d6c,
Kim loai yd'u (kim loai diing sau H trong day difin hoa, nhu Cu, Ag,...) kh6ng
c6 th^ xit v^o khdng khi dung dich nao sau day? zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
phan ling vdi dung dich H Q .

;
A. Dung dich NH,.
B. Dung dich NaQ.
Kim loai yfi'u (Cu, Ag, Hg, ...) tac dung vdi H 2 S O 4 dac, tao ra san p h ^ khir la
C. Dung dich NaOH.
D. Dung dichzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
H 2 S O 4 loang.
S O2 (kh6ng mau, miii hac); tac dung vdi H N O 3 dac tao ra san ph^m khii la NO,
(Trich detuyen sink Dai hoc khoi A)
(mau nau).
i
Hu&ng ddn gidi
fhfduS:
Co the phan bidt 3 dung dich: KOH, HCl, H2S04(loang) bang m6t
C6 th^ xit dung dich N H 3 :
2 N H 3 + SClj
+ 6HC1
thu6'c thir la
A. gia'y quy tim.
B. A l .
C. BaCOj.
D. Zn.
HC1 + N H 3 ->NH4C1
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH - CD khoi B)
Ddp dn diing la A.
Thidu 4: Trong phong thi nghiSm, ngirori ta thucmg dilu chd'clo bang each
A. cho dung dich HCl dac tac dung vdi MnOi, dun nong.
B. Aitn phan dung djch NaCl c6 mkng ngan.
C. dien phan nong chay NaCl.
D. cho F2 d^y Clj ra khoi dung dich NaQ.

(Trich De thi tuyen sink DH - CD khoi A)
Hu&ng din gidi
Trong PTN, nguod ta thucfng dilu che' khi clo bang each cho cha't oxi hoa manh
(MnOj, K C I O 3 , KMn04, CaOQz,...) tac dung vdri axit clohidric dSc:

4Ha

+ MnOj — ^

6 H a + KQOa

16Ha + 2KMn04

CI 2

+ MnQj + 2 H 2 O

Hu&ng ddn gidi
Chon thu6'c thir la BaC03:
BaCO, + KOH (dd): khdng C O hidn tuomg
BaCOj + 2HC1 - > BaCh + CO.J + HjO
BaCOj + H 2 S O4

5 w;

BaS04^ + C O j t + HjO

Dap an diing la C .
Thi du 7: Neu cho 1 mol m6i chat: CaOCl,, KMn04, K2Cr207, Mn02 ISn luot
phan ling vdri luong du dung djch HCl dac, cha[t tao ra luong khi

nhi^u
nhat la
A. KMn04.
B. KjCrjO,.
C. CaOa2.
D. MnOz(Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH khoi A)

> S Q j + K Q + m.O
> SCl^ + 2KC1 + 2 M n a 2 + SH.O

'

Hu&ng ddn gidi

PTPir xay ra:

> CI2 + CaClj + H^O
2HC1 + C a O a ,zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
CaOCU + 2HC1
> CaCU + CljT + H 2 O
Chu v; Ne'u chat oxi hoa la Mn02 thi dn phai dun nong, con cha't oxi hoa la
1 mol
1 mol
KMn04 , K Q O j hoac CaOClj phan ihig xay ra b nhiet d6 thucmg.
2KMn04 + 16HC1
> SCU + 2 K a + 2Mna2 + 8 H 2 O
Dap an diing la A.
1 mol
2,5 (mol)
Thi du 5: Di nhan biet 3 axit dac, ngu6i: HCl, H 2 S O4 , H N O 3 dung n€ng biet

K2Cr207 + 14Ha
> 3Ch + 2 K a + 2Cra3 + IH.O
trong 3 lo mat nhan, ta dung thu6c thif la
1 mol
3 (mol)
A. Cu.
B.CuO.
C.Al.
D.Fe.
MnOj
+ 4HC1
>
CI 2 +
M n Cl 2 + H 2 O
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH - CD khoi A)
1
mol
1
mol
. ,
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Vay tir K2Cr207 d\6u che' duoc nhi^u CU nha't.
Ta chon thu6c thiir la Cu:
Dap an diing la B.
Cu + H Q
> kh6ng phan ling.
Thi du 8: Co ba dung dich: amoni hidrocacbonat, natri aluminat, natri phenolat
Cu + IHjSO^a^^ „g„,i)
> CU S O 4 + S 0 2 t + 2 H 2 O
va ba cha't long: ancol etylic, benzen, anilin dung trong sau 6'ng nghidm ri^ng

kh6ng mau, mili h^c
biet. Ne'u chi dung m6t thud'c thiJ duy nha't la dung dich HCl thi nhan biet
duoc
t6'i da bao nhieu 6'ng nghiem?
,
Cu + 4HN03«,^.„g„^i,
> Cu(N03) 2 + 2 N 0 2 t + 2 H 2 O
A. 5.
B.6.
C. 3.
D.4.
mau nau do
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH, kh6i_Al_
Dap an diing la A.
39


3 C a c b a l t $ p t u lu yfe n :
Hu&ng ddn gidi zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
-

Tric h cac m i u thu vao 6'ng nghiSm.
Cho tijf tiir d ung d jch H C l vao cic mSu thif:

+

+

C d u 1- N " " g K M n 0 4 m 6t thcfi g ian thu ducrc h6n ho p chat rSn X . Tro ng X c6
th^ CO nhi^ u nha't bao nhid u ho p chat tac d u ng d iro c vdri d u ng d jc h H C l g iai

p ho ng C I, ?
•
MSu nao tao ra khi bay Itn => m3u chura amo ni hid ro cacbo natzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
N H 4 H CO 3 :
3
B. 4
C. 2
D. 1
H Q + N H 4 H CO 3
> C O , t +zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
N H 4a + H 2 O
Hu&ng ddn gidi
M Su tao ra k6't tua trSng, sau d o k€t tua bi tan => mSu chura natri aluminat
N a[ A l( O H )4]:
K2M n04 + M n O j + O^
2K M n 04
H C l + N a[ A l( O H )4]

FTPU':
, X CO thd'chura K, M n 04, M n O , , K M n 04 (d u).

> A l ( O H ) 3 i + N a Q + HjO

Cac chat tro ng X tac d ung vdri H C l dac d ^u c6 th^ g iai p hd ng k h i zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcb
CI2. zyxwvutsrqponm

3HC1 + A l ( O H )3zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
> AI CI 3 + 3 H 2 O
PTPLT:

K2M n04 + 8HC1

MSu tao ra v ^n due => mSu chira natri pheno lat Q H j O N a :

+

M n 02 + 4HC1

H Q + Cg HjON azyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
> C ^ H jO H i + N a Q
+

+

C3 H 5 O H zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
— ^
C2 H 5 CI
+
H2O

Dap an d ung la A .

cau 2: H ian umg cua cSp c h a 't nao dudri d a y khong th^ sijf d ung d ^ d i6u chd' cac
mu6'i sat (III)?

khd ng tan

A . Fe vdri I ,

MSu tao ra 2 Idrp chSft lo ng kh6ng tr6n ISn vao nhau => mSu chira benzen C^Hf,:

+

HCl + QHe
+

M n Q j + CI2 + 2 H 2 O

2K M n 04 + 16HC1 - > 2 K C I 2 + 2MnCl2 + SQa + SH jO .

MSu tao ra chat lo ng kh6ng tan => mSu chiia anco l ety lic Q H j O H :
HCl

2KC1 + M n C l , + 2 0 2 + 4 H 2 O

B. Fe vdri Brj

C. FeCl2 vdri Br,

D . Fe vdri H N O 3 dac, nd ng , d u .

• Kh6ng tac d ung

Hu&ng ddn gidi

M Su tao ra d ung d ich d d ng nha't =:> mSu chiia anilin CsHjN Hz:

cac PTH H xay ra:

H C l + C^H^N H,zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

> C 6 H 5 N H 3 C I (Tan)
DAp dn d ung la B.

0
- • FeL

Fe + L

2FeBr3 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPO

2Fe + SBr,

Thi du 9: Di lo ai bo A l , Fe, CuO ra kho i h6n ho p g 6m A g , A l , Fe va CuO , c6

Fe + 6 H N O 3 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHG
( d.c,du,
> Fe ( N 0 3 ) 3 + 3 N 0 2 + 3 H 2 0

th^ d ung lucmg d u d ung d jch nao sau day?
A . D u ng d jch Fe(N03)3.

B. D ung d ich H C l .

C. D u ng d jch H N O 3 .

D . D ung d jch N aO H .

(Trich detuy en sink Cao ddng khoi A)

V i A l , Fe, C u O d i u phan ling vdri H C l (d d ), co n A g khd ng phan ihig v d i H Q

= > CO th^ d iing d ung d jch H C l (d u)

B. la chat khijr

C . la cha't o x i hoa
D . vira la cha't o x i ho d , vCra Ik chSft tao m 6i truomg.

D ap an d ung la B.
thi nghiem khi d i^u che'

dac, dun no ng, d ^ lo ai bo khi H Q ISn tro ng

D i p an d ung la A .

C a u 3 : Khi didu ch6 CI. bang cdch cho KM n04 tac d ung vdri d ung d jch H Q dac thi H Q
A . vira la cha't khiJr, vtra la cha't tao m 6i truomg.

Hu&ng ddn gidi

TM du 10: Tro ng phong

- > 4Fea3+ 2FeBr3

6 F e C l 2 + 3 Br2

tir M n O j va d ung d jch H Q

nguo i ta thucmg rira khi nay bang

A . d ung d jch H 2 S O4

B. d ung d jch N aO H

C. d ung d jch A g N O j

D . d ung d jch N a Q

Hu&ng ddn gidi
-1
0
-1
PTPIT: 2 K M n 0 4 + 1 6 H C l - * 5 C l 2 + 2 K C l + 2 M n a 2 + 8 H 2 0
H C l vira la chat khtr

f -1
0
C1-> C1

Hu&ng ddn gidi
Nguod ta d ung d ung d jch N aCl v i :
-

vira la m 6i truomg

H Q tan nhi^u tro ng d ung d jch N aCl
K h i a . It tan tro ng d ung d jch N a Q .

a

'Cl

An d ung \k A .

D ap an d ung la D .

40

41


+ Cac axit halogen hidric (HCl, HBr, HI) d^u c6 tfnh khif (tdc dungzyxwvutsrqp
v6i eac
C&u 4:zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
PhongzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
thi nghidm bi 6 nhidm lirong nho khf CI,. Phuong phap t6't nha't dung
chat oxi hoa manh) va c6 tfnh oxi hoa (tac dung vdi kim loai).
di loai bo khf d6c nay la
+ Axit flohidric HF la axit yfi'u, c6 tfnh chat dac biet (an mon thuy tinh):
A. phun dung dich KBr
B. Phun dung djch NaOH
4HF + SiOz - > SiF4 + 2H2O
C. phun dung dich CaCOH),
D. di hd lo dung dung djch N H , dSc
+ KhfCO, tacdungvorinude Javen, eloruav6i:
Hu&ng ddn gidi
NaClO + CO2 + H2O - > H Q O + NaHCOj
Di loai bo lirgng nho khf Clj, phuong phap t6't nha't 1^ dting khfzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
NH3 (khizyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
NHj
duoc sinh ra bang each d^ ha lo dung dung dich NH3 dac)

3CU + 8NH3 ^ N , + 6 N H 4 a

+ FTHH:

Dap an dung la D.
Ca u 5: Khi diiu chd' khf CK trong phong thi nghifim bang each oxi hoa axit HCl
khf clo thu duoc thucmg c6 l l n HCl. Di loai bo khf HCl trong khf diiu chi duoc
c&n dSn h6n hop khi nay qua
A. dung dich NaCl.
B. nirdc.
C. dung dich AgNOj.
D. dung dich NaOH.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Di loai bo H Q nguofi ta dSn h6n hop HCl, Q , qua dung dich NaQ. V i dung
4 djch NaQ ha'p thu HCl, con CI2 tan v& ft trong dung djch NaCl.
Dap an diing la A.
Ca u 6: Co eac hoa chat: K ^ C r A- H Q , KMn04, MnO,, NaCl, HCIO, H^SO,,
KCIO3. Nhihig hoa chat duoc sir dung d^ didu ch€ CI2 trong phong thf nghiem la

2CaOCl, + CO, + H2O
2FeCl2 + a , - > 2FeCl3
2FeCl3 + Fe - > 3Fe Cl2

Thi du 1: Cho phirong trinh hoa hoc (vdi a, b, c, d la cac h& s6):
aFeS04 + bCl2 -> cFe 2 (SO4 )3 + d F e C l ,
Ti le a : c la

A. 4 : 1.

B.3:2.

Hoan thanh phircfiig trinh hoa hoc:

B. K2Cr207,HCl,KMn04,MnOj,NaCl,HCIO,H 2SO 4

2Cl+2.1e->2Cl

0

C. K2Cr207,HCl,KMn04,Mn02,NaCl,HCIO

16HC1 + 2KMn04 ^ 2KCI + IMnCXj + 5CI2 + SHjO

C . 2 : 1. .
D. 3 : 1.
( Trich dethi tuyen sinh DH khoi B)

Hu&ng ddn gidi

A. K2Cr207,HCl,KMn04,Mn02,HC10

Hu&ng ddn gidi
PTHH eac phan ung didu ehe CU trong PTN:

^ ,

2. Ca c t h i d u m i n h h o a:

+2
+3

2Fe-2.1e->2Fe

D. K2Cr207,HCl,KMn04,Mn02,KC103

CaCOj + CaClj + 2HC10

-1

6FeS04 + 3CI2 -> 2Fe2 (80 4)3 + ^^^^'3
=>a:e = 6 :2 = 3 : l
Dap an diing la D.
Thidu 2: Hay cho bid't, phan ling nao sau day HCl dong vai tro la cha^t oxi hoa?

4HC1 + M n 0 2 M n C l 2 + CI2 + 2H 2O

A. Fe + KNO 3 + 4HC1

6HC1 + KClOj -> K C l + 3CI2 + 3H2O

B. MnO, + 4HC1 ->• M n Q j + CzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSR
\2 + 2H2O
3, ,

14HC1 + K2Cr207

2KC1 + 2CrCl3 + 3CI2 +7H 2O

=> Cae hoa chat: K2Cr207,HCl,KMn04,Mn02,KC103

C. Fe + 2HC1 -> Fe Cl2 + H^

D. NaOH + HCl -> NaQ +

H,0
(Trich de thi du bi dai hoc)

Dap an diing la D.

Hu&ng ddn gidi

Dang 4: Xdc dinh chat phdn vcng, phuong trinh hod hoc
vd chuoiphdn

FeCl3 + KCl + NO + 2H,0

itng cua cdc halogen vd hop chat

Trong eac phan ling hoa hoc kim loai chi the' hifen tfnh khijf ntn khi tac dung vod
kim loai axit HCl dong vai tro la clia't oxi hoa. Tfnh oxi hoa ciia HCl do thanh
,

11

+1

0

1. L i th u ye t v^n d u n g va ph u o n g ph ap gi ai :

phan H the' hien:

2H+ 2e -> H 2

-

Xem phdn If thuyfi't ve nhom halogen.
M6t s6' chu y:

PTHH:

Fe + 2 HCl -> FeCl,2 +
H2
-^-"

+

£^ap an diing la C.

Cac don chat halogen (F,, CI, . Br,, I,) d^u c6 tfnh oxi hoa manh.

43


Th( du 3:zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
K h i nao sau dayzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
khong b | o x i h o i bofi nu6c gia-ven?
A .zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
CO 2 .
B. SO,.
C. H,S.

D. HCHO.

dc

(Trich de tuyin sink Cao dang Khoi A)

dich H Q , dung djch N a O H .

Hu&ng ddn gidi

Phuong trinh hoa hoc cdc phan ling minh hoa:

Nirdc Gia-ven c6 tinh o x i hoa manh nfen se o x i hoa durgc cac cha't c6 tinh khix
nhu

Hu&ng ddn gidi

chat A l , AI2O3, Zn(OH)2, NaHS, (NH4)2C03 d^u phan ling duoc vdi dung

*) D6 1^ m6t s6' kim loai ( A l , Zn, . . . ) :

S 0 2 , H 2 S ,HCHO

2A1 + 6 H a
> AICI3 + 3 H 2
k h i CO2 kh6ng c6 kha nang th^ hifin tinh khijfzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
ntn se kh6ng bi o x i hod boi
>• 2Na[Al(OH)4] + 3H2
2A1 + 2NaOH + 6H2O

nude Gia-ven.
*) Cdc chat luong tinh:
Dap an diing la A .
Con

Chu

AI2O3 + 6 H a zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
> 2Aia3 + 3H2O

y; - Tuy vay, C O , vSn phan ling duoc vdi nude Giaven (khdng phai phan ling
oxi hoa - khiJf): C O 2 + H 2 O + NaClO - > H C I O + N a H C O j

-

AI2 O3 + 2NaOH + 3H2O

Cac khi bi o x i hoa boi nude Javen:
S O 2 + NaClO + H 2 O

j ,

Zn(OH)2 + 2 H a

^ 2Na[Al(OH)4]

, , ^

> Z n a 2 + 2H2O

NaCl + H 2 S O 4
Zn(OH)2 + 2 N a O H

> Na2[Zn(OH)4]

,

^

(

1

H 2 S + 4NaC10 - > H 2 S O 4 + 4NaCl
NaHS + H Q

H C H O + NaClO ^ NaCl + H C O O H

NaHS + N a O H

Thi du 4: Cho cac phan ung sau:
4HC1

+ MnOi

2HC1

+ Fe

• MnQ, +

6HC1

+ 2A1

(NH4)2C03 + 2NaOH

> 2NH4CI + C O j t + H 2 O
> 2NH3 + Na2C03 + H2O

= > CO 5 ch&X .

> 2KC1 + 2 C r a 3 + 3 0 , + THjO

Dap an diing la A .

> 2AICI3 + 3H2

16Ha + 2 K M n 0 4

> NajS + H2O

(NH4)2C03 + 2 H a

+ 2H2O

> FeClj + H ,

I4HC1 + K^Cr^O,

> N a Q + H2S

Thidu 6: Cho bife't cac phan ihig xay ra sau:

> 2KCI + 2 M n a 2 + SCU + SHjO

2FeBr2 + Br2

> IFeBr^

2NaBr + 0 2

> 2NaCl + BT2

S6' phan ung trong d6 H C l th^ h\ tx\ h o x i hoa la
A . 3.

B.4.

C.

1.

D . 2.

Phat bi^u diing la :

(Trich Delhi tuyen sink DH - CD khoi A)

A. Tinh khix ciia CI" manh hon Br".

Hu&ng ddn gidi

B. Tinh oxi hoa ciia Brj manh hon ctia Q 2 .

Trong cac phan iJng, HQ thd' hidn tinh o x i hoa khi n6 tac dung vdri k i m loai (tinh

C. Tinh khu ciia Br" manh hcni ciia Fe"*

oxi hoa ciia ion H*)- Do do trong cac phan ung vdi k i m loai, H C l th^ hidn tinh

D. Tinh oxi hoa ciia Gi manh hon ciia Fe'*.

oxi hoa:
M

-

ne

H"

+

2e - ) . H ,

(Trich De thi luyen sinh DH - CD khdi B)

M"*

Hu&ng ddn gidi
Taco:

=> c6 2 phan irng (phan ling vdi k i m loai A l , Fe)
•

Dap an diing la D .
Thidu 5: Cho cac chat: A l ,zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
AU O3 , Al2(S04)3, Zn(OH)2, NaHS, K2SO3, (NH4)2C03.
S6' chat d^u phan ihig duoc vdd dung dich HCl, dung dich N a O H la
A . 5.

"

B.6.

C.4.

D.7.

(Trich Delhi tuyen sinh DH - CD kh6i A)

Tinh khir ciia Br" manh hon Q" (vi tinh khir F < Q" < Br" < T)
Tinh oxi hoa 0 2 manh hon Br2 (vi tinh oxi hod ciia F2 > CI2 > Br2 > I2)
Tinh khir ciia Fe'* manh hon Br" (dua vao phan ling thii nha't)
Tinh oxi hoa ciia Br2 manh hon Fe'* (dua vao phan iitig thuf nha't), tinh oxi hoa
^"a CI2 manh hem ciia Br2 n6n tinh oxi hoa ciia CI2 manh hem Fe'*.
E>ap an diing la D.

I l lzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
iHM l W W giui nnannzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
B zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
I nuu nt^v,zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
z i num i uan zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

Thi du 7: D ay g6m c&c chat d^u tac dung diroc vdfi dung dich H Q loang 1^
A . A g N O j, (NH4)3C03, CuS.
B. Mg(HC03)2, HCOONa, CuO .
C. FeS. BaS04, KO H ,
D. KN O ,, CaCOj, Fe(OH )3.
(Trich De t hi t uyen sink Dai hoc khd'i A)

(III) Sue khi CO, vao nirdc Gia - ven.
(IV) Nhiing la nh6m v^o dung djch H ,S04 dac, ngu6i.
S6 thi nghiem xay ra phan ting hoa hoc la
^ . 2.
B.3.
C.4.
D. 1.
(Trich Det hi t uyen sinh Dai hoc, khd'i B)

Hu&ng ddn gidi
Xet cac phuong an:
A . Loai VI CuS.
B. Thoa man:

• ^

:

• ,

Hu&ng ddn gidi

;•>••

C&c thi nghiem xay ra:

_,
> v.. i]>. > • t ..

(I) .
Fe + H2S04 (l)
> FeS04 + H2
''^
> M g Q j +zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
2C0 2t +zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
2K^O
(II) :
SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O
> H2SO4 + 2H Br
HCOONa + HCl
> HCOOH + N aQ
(III) :
CO2 + H , 0 + N aQO
> HCIO + NaHCOj
CuO + 2HC1
> CuCU + H2O
Co 3 phan ling hoa hoc xay ra.

C. Loai v i BaS04.
Dap an dung la B.
D. Loai V I KNO 3.
Thidu 10: Cac khi c6 th^ cung t6n tai trong m6t h6n horp la
Dap an dung la B.
A . CUv aO ,.
B. H , Sv aa, .
C . N H 3v k H a .
D. H Iv a03.
Thi du 8: Cho cac phan utig sau:
(Trich Det hi t uyen sinh Cao dang khd'i A)
(a)
4HC1 + PbO,
> Pb Q , + CI2 + 2H2O
Hu&ng ddn gidi
MgCHCOj), + 2HC1

(b)

HCl + NH4HCO3

(c)

2HC1 + 2HNO3

(d)

2HC1 + Z n

> NH4CI + CO, + H2O

> 2N O , + 0 2 + 2H2O

> ZnCU + H2

S6' phan lifng trong do H Q thi hien tinh khu la

A . 3.

B .4.

C. 1.
D .2.
(Trich De t hi t uyen sinh Dai hoc, khd'i B)
Hu&ng ddn gidi

Khi tdc dung vori cac chat c6 tinh o xi hoa nhu Pb0 2, HNO3,... thi HCl th^ hidi
ti'nh khir:
a)

4HC1 + PbO,

• PbQ, + Q , + 2H2O

Xet cac phuong an:
a.

CI, + O2

b.

HjS + Cl,

c.

NH3 + HCI

d.

2HI + O3

> kh6ng xay ra

> S + 2HC1
> NH4CI
>

I , + O2 + H2O

Cac phan ung & B, C, D d^u xay ra or di^u kidn thucfng.
Dap an diing la A .

Chuj: Halogen (F,, CI,, BTJ, L , At2) kh6ng tac dung true tie'p voi O2.
3. Cac bal tap tu luyen:

Chat khiJr

b)

H Q + NH4HCO3

c)

2HC1 + 2HNO3
Chat khiJf

d)

2HC1 + Z nzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
> Zn a 2 + H2
^ ' ^'

> NH4CI + CO2 + H2O
> 2NO2 +

+ 2H2O

Co 2 phan umg trong do H Q the' hien ti'nh khir.
Dap an dung la D.

Thi du 9: Co cac thi nghidm sau:
(I) Nhung thanh sSt vao dung dich H2SO4 loang, ngu6i.
(II) Sue khi S O , vao nu6c brom.

CSu 1: Truorng hop khong xay ra phan ling hoa hoc la

A . CI, + 2N a O H

> NaCl + NaQO + H2O

B-zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

Feci, + H2S
> FeS + 2HC1
^- O 3 + 2KI + H2O
^

30, + 2H2S

> 2KO H + I2 + O2
2H2O + 2SO2
(Trich De t hi t uyen sinh Cao dang khd'i A)
Hu&ng ddn gidi

^et cac phuong an:
A . Dung.

' -

^
^ ^