Tài liệu Sổ tay Kỹ Thuật Thuỷ Lợi -Phần 2-Tập 1 -Mục A-Chương 2 pdf

!" """"""""sổ tay KTTL * Phần 2 - công trình thủy lợi * Tập 1
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Ch"ơng 2
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chọn tuyến và bố trí công trình
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Biên soạn: TS. Nguyễn Đình Tranh
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2.1. Tuyến công trình đầu mối thủy lợi
2.1.1. Các khái niệm về tuyến
a) Vùng tuyến
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b) Đoạn tuyến
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c) Tuyến
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A - Nh÷ng vÊn ®Ò chung trong thiÕt kÕ c«ng tr×nh thñy lîi t

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d) Tim tuyÕn
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2.1.2. TuyÕn ë mçi lo¹i bè trÝ c«ng tr×nh
a) C«ng tr×nh thñy ®iÖn kiÓu lßng s«ng
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6" """"""""sổ tay KTTL * Phần 2 - công trình thủy lợi * Tập 1
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b) Công trình thủy điện kiểu sau đập
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c) Công trình thủy điện kiểu đ"ờng dẫn
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A - Nh÷ng vÊn ®Ò chung trong thiÕt kÕ c«ng tr×nh thñy lîi 7

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2.1.3. TuyÕn ®Ëp
a) §Ëp
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b) §Ëp ®Êt
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8" """"""""sổ tay KTTL * Phần 2 - công trình thủy lợi * Tập 1
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"
c) Đập đất đá
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"
d) Đập bê tông trọng lực
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A - Nh÷ng vÊn ®Ò chung trong thiÕt kÕ c«ng tr×nh thñy lîi 9

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®) §Ëp vßm
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e) §Ëp trô chèng, ®Ëp liªn vßm
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g) Các loại đập khác
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"
2.1.4. Tuyến công trình xả lũ
a) Công trình xả lũ
"
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"
b) Tràn trên đỉnh đập
"
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A - Nh÷ng vÊn ®Ò chung trong thiÕt kÕ c«ng tr×nh thñy lîi !1

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"
c) Trµn bªn
"
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&/g3"3/M"'(Z(T"# "&/(<&"?%"=-W&"'(^="8V-"8V9&'"*G&"NR"*`"3/(M3"DM"3 M&"=e("L/C&'"
Q(<&"'C0"8F="&VZ0",-h&"NF%"0/n&"*2LT"l)-"3/(M3"DM"3/<="}$o&'"D/X&/}"*X"84("?@&'"0/^."
NO"L/\)"1a"3$4(B"'(^="?@&'",-h&"NF%"0/n&"*2L"*g3"*4"0e&'"&/V"L/^("Qn."?_&'"3/<="
3Va&'"84("?@&'"1a"L/^(T"
m/("0/E&"3 M&"?E0"05&'"3$6&/"Q^"8e"1<&"0+&/"*2L"0P&"0/r"i"8F="3/M"&F%"*X"'(^="
*V90"0/(O-"0)%"NF"D/W("8V9&'"3Va&'"&'o&"'(])"*2L"NF"3$F&T"
"
d) X¶ s©u
"
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L/^("Q^"=>3"8V-"8V9&'"NZ("0)%"3$6&/"0I)"Q^"&»="An-"?VZ("=[0"&VZ0"3/V9&'"8V-"3/Va&'"
4L"?J&'"j"05&'"3$6&/"*P-"=W("3/7."89(":"3/7."*(;&"0C".<-"0P-"?-&'"3\0/"/]-"\0/"DM3"/9L"

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*(;&"8Z&"&/g3"3/M"'(Z("/(;&"&)."8F"05&'"3$6&/"#)="f(;L"3$<&"A5&'"#$Va&'"G()&'"j"#$-&'"
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0I)"N)&"07)"0W&'"Q^"An-T"
!2" """"""""sổ tay KTTL * Phần 2 - công trình thủy lợi * Tập 1
5&'"3$6&/"Q^"An-"?%"L/^("3/4%"8e"3$%&'"*(O-"D(;&"=_0"&VZ0"3/V9&'"8V-"0)%"'n."
4L"8_0"NF%"0I)"&<&"N2&"/F&/"L/[0"3+LB"0P&"0C"8-2&"0/[&'"*P."*7T"# M&"05&'"3$6&/"Q^"
An-"3/Va&'"3$S&'"NZ("3 M&"3$F&"Q^"8eT"
ở
"05&'"3$6&/"f%F"B6&/"*V90"'E("0/-&'"8F"05&'"
3$6&/"Q^"8e"N2&"/F&/T"
"
đ) Các loại công trình xả lũ khác
"
40"8%+("05&'"3$6&/"Q^"8e"D/40"1)%"'H="040"05&'"3$6&/"Q^"8e"$(<&'"1(;3"340/"D/c("
05&'"3$6&/"*P-"=W("u05&'"3$6&/"#/40"MGB"U~&/"lG&B"fF="#/-2&B"P/r"y(&/TTTv"0e&'"&/V"
05&'"3$6&/"Q^"8e"?_"L/@&'B"8e"A_"0WB"8e"*>3"Q-g3TTT"
40"05&'"3$6&/"Q^"8e"8%+("&F."3/Va&'"*V90"89("?J&'"040"}|%}"*H(B"&r("*X"'(^="
D/W("8V9&'"*F%"*g3"*4T"y'%F("$)"L/P&"0-W("07)"05&'"3$6&/"L/^("1^%"*^="0C"3(<-"&o&'"
3/-2&"89("0e&'"&/V"?@&'"0/^."}<=}"NF%"/9L"8V-"NZ("A5&'"A-W("3/(<&"&/(<&T"
# M&"07)"040"05&'"3$6&/"Q^"8e"8%+("&F."L/J"3/->0"NF%"*(O-"D(;&"*R)"/6&/B"*R)"
0/g3B"3/7."No&B"?n&"0V"j"?E0"3 M&"0e&'"&/V"j"/+"8V-"3 M&"&M-"8V-"8V9&'"Q^",-)"05&'"
3$6&/"3VG&'"*W("8Z&T"
40"&'Vỡ&'"Q^"07)"05&'"3$6&/"0C"3/X"0C"/%w0"D/5&'"0C"0I)"N)&"u0@&"'E("8F"3$F&"
}3_"*>&'}vT"
yC("0/-&'"3$F&"Q^"8e"8F"05&'"3$6&/"L/[0"3+L"NF"0/("L/\"3VG&'"*W("8Z&B"&/g3"8F"D/("
340/"D/c("*2L"0/\&/"&<&"N(;0"0/E&"3 M&"Q^"8e"L/^("*V90",-)"A%"A4&/"0/d"3(<-"D(&/"3M"Dk"
3/-23"*P."*7"3VG&'"[&'"NZ("3p&'"'()("*%+&"3/(M3"DM"05&'"3$6&/"NF"j"'()("*%+&"3/(M3"DM"0J"

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3/5&'"AW"NF"040"D\0/"3/VZ0"0J"3/XT"
"
2.1.5. Tuyến năng l-ợng
a) Tuyến năng l"ợng
"
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&VZ0B"W&'"?x&"&VZ0B"'()&"=4."3/7."*(;&B"D<&/"$)"DM3"/9L"8+("3/F&/"=>3"05&'"3$6&/"8F"
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&/2&"&VZ0B"*Va&'"?x&"&VZ0"0C"4L"/%w0"D/5&'"4LB"1X"4L"8_0"D/("*Va&'"?x&"&VZ0"D/5&'"
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lG"1>"0C"3/X"3/g."3$%&'"&/]&'"*(O-"D(;&"3 M&"&o&'"8V9&'"&F%"&'ắ&"3/6"0C"0/d"3(<-"D(&/"
3M"3F("0/\&/"3W3"/G&T"# "&/(<&"?%"3\&/"0/g3"L/[0"3+L"07)"3 M&"&o&'"8V9&'"NZ("040"?+&'"
05&'"340"D/40"&/)-"3p"*ắL"*F%"&'P="/)."/jB"1<"35&'"&'P="/)."/jB"W&'"4L"8_0"1ằ&'"
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A43B"3\&/"3%4&"0J"3/X"3/|%"3p&'"'()("*%+&"*X"0/E&"*V90"L/VG&'"4&"/9L"8i"&/g3T"
A - Nh÷ng vÊn ®Ò chung trong thiÕt kÕ c«ng tr×nh thñy lîi !

b) TuyÕn thñy ®iÖn kiÓu lßng s«ng
# M&"?E0"3/7."*(;&"D(X-"8@&'"A5&'"*V90"Q40"*R&/"3$%&'"3K&'"3/X"3 M&"05&'"
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3/-2&"89("&/g3T"Y%"05&'"3$6&/"3$F&"Q^"8e"0C"8V-"8V9&'"8Z&"/G&"&<&"1W"3$\"j"'(])"8@&'"
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&G("&F%"3/-2&"89("*W("NZ("'()%"3/5&'"N2&"3^(T"y/F"=4."3/7."*(;&"D(X-"8@&'"A5&'"3/Va&'"
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&<&"Ng&"*O"'()%"3/5&'"N2&"0/ X&"0P&"0/r"iT"
"
c) TuyÕn thñy ®iÖn kiÓu sau ®Ëp
# M&"?E0"3/7."*(;&"D(X-"A)-"*2L"L/J"3/->0"*2L"0/\&/"&'o&"A5&'"8F"8%+("*2L"'6B"N6"
*2L"1»&'"N23"8(;-"*R)"L/VG&'"D/C"DM3"/9L"1W"3$\"05&'"3$6&/"8g."&VZ0"NF"*Va&'"?x&"&VZ0"
&<&"3 M&"?E0"07)"3/7."*(;&"*V90"Q|="QÐ3"1W"3$\"$(<&'"1<&"0+&/"/)."340/"/z&"D/c("
3 M&"*2LT"U(;0"1W"3$\"&F."0C"8(<&",-)&"0/7".M-"*M&"3 M&"&o&'"8V9&'"?F("/)."&'¾&"?%"
*(O-"D(;&"*R)"/6&/B"*R)"0/g3"0J"3/X"07)"NS&'"05&'"3$6&/"*P-"=W("0/("L/W(T"
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N6"0/7".M-"32&"?J&'"0>3"&VZ0"?%"*2L"NF"0C"3/X"DM3"/9L"8F="3 M&"?x&"&VZ0"3$%&'"3/n&"
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3$Va&'"/9L"3$F&"3$<&"*d&/"NF"&C0"&/F"=4."3/6"3/_0"3M"3 M&"?E0"*2LB"05&'"3$6&/"Q^"8e"NF"
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"
d) TuyÕn thñy ®iÖn kiÓu ®"êng dÉn
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"
"
2.1.6. TuyÕn c«ng tr×nh ng¨n mÆn
•/E&"NR"3$\"3 M&"0W&'"L/^("3/|%"040"&' <&"3¾0"A)-"*X"*4L"[&'"040".<-"0P-"D(&/"
3M"Dk"3/-23:"
:""•W&'"L/^("8F"&G("D/W&'"0/M"*V90"NS&'"82L"?_"4&T"

:"Y@&'"0/^."NF%"NF"$)"D/c("0W&'"3/-2&B"&'/~)"8F"\3"8F="3/)."/VZ&'"0/^."07)"?@&'"
A5&'B"D<&/"3_"&/(<&"*X"D/5&'"'n."?(Ô&"1(M&"QC("1a"j"/+"8V-"NF"3/V9&'"8V-"D/("3/4%"NF"
D/("8g."&VZ0T"
!!" """"""""sổ tay KTTL * Phần 2 - công trình thủy lợi * Tập 1
:"yM-"*w3"0W&'"3$%&'"8@&'"A5&'"3/6"D/5&'"*V90"*w3"j"*%+&"A5&'"0%&'"=F"L/^("*w3"j"
*%+&"A5&'"3/z&'"NF"D/5&'"&<&"*w3"0W&'"j"*%+&"A5&'"/ẹL"NF"An-B"&<&"*w3"j"*%+&"0C"8@&'"
A5&'"$>&'"3$-&'"16&/"NF"*>"An-"Np)"L/^(T"#$Va&'"/9L"0W&'"*w3"3$%&'"8@&'"A5&'"3/6"L/^("
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&I)"0W&'"j"=>3"L/\)B"L/\)"0@&"8+("3/%43"8e"3/("05&'T"l)-"*C"3/4%"8e"3/("05&'",-)"L/P&"
0W&'"*`"Qn."NF"3/("05&'"3(ML"L/P&"0W&'"0@&"8+(T"
:"yM-"*w3"0W&'"3$<&"1a"3/6"0/E&"=>3"*%+&"A5&'"0%&'"*X"?x&"?@&'"3/("05&'"*F%"/W"
=C&'"D/5"3$<&"1`("1a"1H(T"m/("Qn."Q%&'"0W&'"3/6"*F%"D<&/"&W("/)("*P-"0W&'"NZ("A5&'"NF"
*ắL"*2L"&'o&"A5&'T"
"
"
Hình 2-1. Thi công công trình cống ngăn mặn trên bãi
1:"0W&';""" 2:"*2L"&'o&"=w&;""
:"D<&/"?x&"NF%;""!:"D<&/"?x&"$)T"
"
"
ở *H&'"1ằ&'"A5&'"I-"L%&'B"L/P&"8Z&"A5&'"$+0/"3/z&'"/P-"&/V"D/5&'"0C"D/r0"
D/-b-"3/6"N(;0"Qn."0W&'"3$<&"D<&/"&<&"*w3"3$<&"8@&'"A5&'"*X"*^="1^%"?@&'"0/^."3/-2&"
NF"0^&/",-)&"=5("3$Va&'B"8r0"*C"L/^("*F%"D<&/"?x&"?@&'"3/("05&'T""
:"# "j"*H&'"1ằ&'"NS&'"N|&"1(X&"3/Va&'"0C"*R)"0/g3"'P&"'(W&'"&/)-"&/V&'"0J0"1>"
Nx&"0C"&/]&'"0/ỗ".M-"/G&B"&<&"NR"3$\"0W&'"L/^("3$4&/"040"0/ỗ"*CT
"
:"UR"3$\"0W&'"0e&'"D/5&'"&<&"*w3"j"&/]&'"NS&'"0C"?n&"0V"*5&'"*r0"L/^("'(^("
L/C&'"=w3"1ằ&'"NF"*(O-"D(;&"3/("05&'"D/5&'"3/-2&"89(T"
A - Những vấn đề chung trong thiết kế công trình thủy lợi !t

2.1.7. Một số vấn đề chung về chọn tuyến
a) Việc chọn tuyến
"
U(;0"0/E&"3 M&"07)"05&'"3$6&/"*P-"=W("3/7."89(":"3/7."*(;&"8F"=>3"}05&'"*%+&}"
3$%&'",-4"3$6&/"D/^%"A43"3/(M3"DM"Q <&"A-W3"3p"'()("*%+&"3(O&"3/(M3"DM"u, "/%+0/B"
&'/(<&"0[-"#(O&"D/^"3/(B"&'/(<&"0[-"m/^"3/(v"*M&"3/(M3"DMB"82L"1^&"Ns"3/("05&'T"m/n-"
}340"&'/(;L}"0/ <&"&'F&/"&F."*V90"/%F&"3/(;&"?P&",-)"040"1VZ0B"'()("*%+&"&'/(<&"0[-"
3/(M3"DMT"
C"3/X"&C("*n."8F"=>3"D/n-"0C"3\&/"0/g3"&'/;"3/-23"NF"A4&'"3+%"N6"040"05&'"3$6&/"
3/7."89(":"3/7."*(;&"D/C"=F"3/|%"=>3"}*R&/"/6&/}"/)."=>3"3/(M3"DM"=x-"&F%B"DX"0^"3$%&'"
N(;0"0/E&"3 M&"05&'"3$6&/T"yC"8+("8F"D/n-"0/("L/W("D/4"&/(O-"*M&"3/a("'()&"NF"'(4"3/F&/"
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3$%&'"Ng&"*O"&F.T"
"
b) Tuyến dọc
"
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3 M&"0/-&'"u3 M&"&')&'"3%F&"?(;&vT"40"3 M&"&F."0e&'"0P&"1W"3$\"0/%"3/23"/9L"8iB"
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'(4"3/F&/"*P-"3V"Qn."?_&'"8F"\3"&/g3"3$%&'"D/("Nx&"1^%"*^="040"&/(;="NJ"NF"3/5&'"AW"
0/7".M-"07)"05&'"3$6&/"*P-"=W(T"
"
c) Các điều kiện địa hình, địa chất, thủy văn, thi công, môi tr"ờng sinh thái dân sinh
xã hội"0C"^&/"/Vj&'"3$_0"3(ML"NF"8F"0G"Aj"1)&"*P-"*X"Q|="Qé3"&'/(<&"0[-"3\&/"3%4&"N(;0"
A%"A4&/"NF"0/E&"8_)"3 M&"05&'"3$6&/"*P-"=W("NF"040"/+&'"=J0"05&'"3$6&/T"P&"0C""
*O"0VG&'"0J"3/X"3$%&'"3p&'"'()("*%+&B"3p&'"1VZ0"&'/(<&"0[-"3\&/"3%4&"*X"3/-"3/2L"NZ("
=[0"3W("3/(X-"040"0/d"3(<-B"AW"8(;-"&/ằ="'(rL"0/%"N(;0"A%"0/E&"3 M&"*V90"3/-2&"89(B"
0/-h&"Q40T"
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}3$o="&'/|"D/5&'"1ằ&'"=>3"3/g.}"*X"D(X="3$)"0/-&'"&/]&'"AW"8(;-"3/-"3/2L"NF"8F"0G"Aj"
*X"82L"*O"0VG&'"05&'"N(;0"0P&"8F="0/%"1VZ0"A)-T"
"
d)"#/Va&'"*(O-"D(;&"*R)"/6&/"0C"i"&'/~)"0/("L/W("8Z&"*W("NZ("N(;0"0/E&"3 M&B"3$%&'"D/("
*(O-"D(;&"*R)"0/g3B"3/7."No&B"=5("3$Va&'"A(&/"3/4(B"3/("05&'B"N2&"/F&/TTT"3$%&'"=>3"NS&'"
3 M&"3/Va&'"3VG&'"3_"&/)-T"
m/("AG"1>"0/E&"3 M&"0P&"0/r"i"&')."*M&"N(;0"1W"3$\"05&'"3$6&/"0J"3/X"3$%&'"3%F&"
1>"05&'"3$6&/"*P-"=W(B"DX"0^"N(;0"?x&"?@&'"3/("05&'"u3/Va&'"*W("NZ("*(O-"D(;&"8e"8Z&"j"
&VZ0"3)B"0C"^&/"/Vj&'"*4&'"DX"*M&"1W"3$\"05&'"3$6&/"0/-&'"0e&'"&/V"'(4"3/F&/"Qn."
?_&'vT"y/V"N2."3$<&"0G"Aj"3F("8(;-"*R)"/6&/B"*R)"0/g3B"3/7."No&"0P&"}L/40"/%+}"1W"3$\"3K&'"
3/X"05&'"3$6&/"1ằ&'"040/"}AắL"QML}"040"/+&'"=J0"05&'"3$6&/T"
!6" """"""""sổ tay KTTL * Phần 2 - công trình thủy lợi * Tập 1
đ)"YS"/;"3/W&'"05&'"3$6&/"3/7."89(":"3/7."*(;&"8%+("&F%"3/6"*2L"0/\&/"&'o&"A5&'"Nx&"8F"
/+&'"=J0"05&'"3$6&/"0/7".M-B"0/("L/W("040"/+&'"=J0"05&'"3$6&/"D/40T"Y%"*C"8%+("*2L"0C"
i"&'/~)"8Z&"3$%&'"N(;0"0/E&"3 M&"NF"=ỗ("8%+("*2L"3/Va&'"0C"3K"/9L"040"05&'"3$6&/"*("
3/|%B"&<&"0P&"0C"0/7"*R&/"$õ"$F&'"D/("0/E&"3 M&"3p"8r0"AG"1>"Q40"*R&/"NS&'"3 M&T"
y')."8r0"*C"0e&'"*`"L/^("0/E&"3 M&"*+("?(;&"*("NZ("8%+("*2L"0/\&/"&'o&"A5&'"=>3"040/"
0C"0G"Aj"D(&/"3M"Dk"3/-23T"
U6"N2."8%+("*2L"0/\&/"&'o&"A5&'"3/Va&'"8F"}0/7"*O}"0/%"N(;0"0/E&"3 M&T"L%+("
*2L"&F."?%"&/]&'"*(O-"D(;&"3/(<&"&/(<&"&/V"*R)"/6&/B"*R)"0/g3B"3/7."No&B"N23"8(;-"Qn."
?_&'TTT"0/("L/W(B"0e&'"&/V"?%"&/]&'"*(O-"D(;&"=5("3$Va&'"A(&/"3/4(B"05&'"&'/;"Qn."
?_&'B"D(&/"3M"3F("0/\&/"340"*>&'T"#g3"&/(<&"0P&",-)"A%"A4&/"D(&/"3M"Dk"3/-23"0J"3/X"
&/V&'"*W("NZ("}0/ <&"'()}"0e&'"0P&"0C"&/]&'"}0^="&/2&}"3$_0"'(40",-)"&/(O-"D(&/"
&'/(;="8i"8-2&"NF"3/_0"3(ễ&"'(rL"*R&/"/VZ&'"NF"*R&/"8V9&'"*r&'"*ắ&B"'(^="*V90"3/a("
'()&"NF"0/("L/\"D/^%"A43B"3\&/"3%4&"0e&'"&/V"0/g3"8V9&'"?_"4&"*V90"1^%"*^="j"=[0""
0)%"&/g3T"
"
"
"
2.2. Bố trí tổng thể công trình đầu mối

2.2.1. Những nguyên tắc chung
a) Điều kiện cơ sở
"
Y%"040"05&'"3$6&/"*P-"=W("3/7."*(;&""3/7."89("0C"&/(;="NJ"D/)("3/40"AI"?J&'"
3K&'"/9L"&'-H&"3F("&' <&"&VZ0"*H&'"3/a("L/^("1^%"N;"&'-H&"&VZ0"8n-"?F(B"0ắ3"'(^="8e"
0/%"L/\)"/+"8V-"&<&"3$%&'"3/F&/"L/P&"05&'"3$6&/"*P-"=W("&'%F("&/]&'"05&'"3$6&/"
3/7."05&'"0/-&'"&/V"*2LB"3$F&"Q^"8e"0@&"0C"040"05&'"3$6&/"0/ <&"&'F&/"&/V"0W&'"
8g."&VZ0"*X"0-&'"0gL"&VZ0B"&/F"=4."3/7."*(;&B"n-"3F-"/)."05&'"3$6&/"&n&'"3F-B"05&'"
3$6&/"0/ X&"3^(B"05&'"3$6&/"0/ X&"04B"05&'"3$6&/"Q^"An-"
#p"*C"1W"3$\"3K&'"3/X"05&'"3$6&/"*P-"=W("3/Va&'"'H="&/(O-"/+&'"=J0"05&'"3$6&/B"
0P&"3K"/9L"3/F&/"=>3"=w3"1ằ&'"1W"3$\"05&'"3$6&/"/9L"8iB"/F("/%F"*X"1^%"*^="3/_0"/(;&"
*V90"040"&/(;="NJ"*w3"$)"0/%"05&'"3$6&/"*P-"=W("=>3"040/"3/-2&"89("&/g3B"*+3"/(;-",-^"
0)%"&/g3T"#/Va&'"0P&",-)"A%"A4&/"=>3"AW"L/VG&'"4&"1W"3$\"05&'"3$6&/"*X"0/E&"L/VG&'"
4&"3W("V-T"P&"?_"D(M&"0^"D/^"&o&'"=j"$>&'B"&n&'"0gL"05&'"3$6&/"3$%&'"3VG&'"8)(T"
"
b) Điều kiện kinh tế - kỹ thuật
"
BW"3$\"3K&'"3/X"05&'"3$6&/"*P-"=W("3/7."89(":"3/7."*(;&"0P&"*+3"*V90"040"*w0"3$V&'"
NF"0/d"3(<-"D(&/"3M"Dk"3/-23"3/-2&"89(B"/9L"8iT" G(4"3/F&/"Qn."?_&'"05&'"3$6&/"0C"DX""
*M&"040"0/("L/\"N2&"/F&/"3/Va&'"Q <&"L/^("8F"3W("3/(X-T"P&"32&"?J&'"040"*(O-"D(;&"
3/(<&"&/(<&"NO"*R)"/6&/B"*R)"0/g3B"3/7."No&B"N23"8(;-"Qn."?_&'"3+("0/ỗT"#$%&'"*(O-"D(;&""
0C"3/XB"0P&"32&"?J&'"A_"DM3"/9L"040"/+&'"=J0"05&'"3$6&/"*2L"NZ("3 M&"Q^"8eB"3 M&"
&o&'"8V9&'T"
A - Những vấn đề chung trong thiết kế công trình thủy lợi !7

/r"i"AG"*H"3/("05&'"8F="3/M"&F%"*X"NZ("D/W("8V9&'"3W("3/(X-"0C"3/X"*V)"05&'"3$6&/"
NF%"N2&"/F&/"3p&'"L/P&"AZ="&/g3B"L/43"/ "/(;-",-^"&/)&/"&/g3T"
#$%&'"*(O-"D(;&"&/(;3"*Z("h="0C"8e"8Z&"&/V"j"&VZ0"3)"05&'"3$6&/"?x&"?@&'"3/("05&'"
3/Va&'"0/(M="=>3"3b"3$E&'"0/("L/\"8Z&"&<&"0P&"0/r"i"1W"3$\"/9L"8i",-)"A%"A4&/"040"
L/VG&'"4&"NF"32&"?J&'"040"05&'"3$6&/"3+="3/a("*C"A)-"3/F&/"05&'"3$6&/"N~&/"0I-"&/V"*X"

Q^"L/S"A)B"Q^"=>3"L/P&"8eB"DM3"/9L"*Va&'"?x&"$)"07)"3K"=4."u&/V"j"f%F"B6&/vT"#$%&'"
3$Va&'"/9L"0P&"*h."&/)&/"3(M&"*>"3/("05&'"NZ("D/W("8V9&'"*ắL"*2L"D/5&'"8Z&B"0C"3/X"32L"
3$-&'"8F="3$%&'"=>3"=S)"D/5"3/6"D/5&'"&/g3"3/(M3"L/^("0C"05&'"3$6&/"3/4%"8e"3/("05&'"
u#/40"MGv"Np)"3W&"Dé=B"Np)"Dé%"?F("3/a("'()&"Qn."?_&'"=F"0/d"0P&"05&'"3$6&/"?x&"?@&'"
=S)"0+&T"
"
c) Điều kiện thi công - xây dựng
"
m/("0/E&"DM3"0g-"NF"1W"3$\"05&'"3$6&/"0P&"0/r"i"AG"*H"3K"0/[0"*X"Qn."?_&'"NF"3(M&"
*>"3/("05&'"8F="3/M"&F%"*X"Qn."?_&'"05&'"3$6&/"3$%&'"=>3"3/a("'()&"&'ắ&"&/g3"NZ("
0Va&'"*>"3/("05&'"040"8%+("Q|&"Ds"=>3"040/"/9L"8i"&/g3T"#K"0/[0"?x&"?@&'"3/("05&'"/9L"
8iB"32&"?J&'"*V90"8_0"8V9&'"Qn."?_&'"Aẵ&"0CT"
lG"*H"*Va&'"'()%"3/5&'"N2&"0/ X&"&'%F("NF"3$%&'"05&'"3$6&/"0P&"/9L"8i"/%4B"32&"
?J&'"3W("*)"&/]&'"3 M&"NF"L/VG&'"3(;&"N2&"0/ X&B"'()%"3/5&'B"3/("05&'"Aẵ&"0CT"W"
'ắ&'"1W"3$\"040"/+&'"=J0"05&'"3$6&/"3VG&'"*W("32L"3$-&'"*X"32&"?J&'"040"L/VG&'"3(;&"3/("
05&'"0/-&'B"8F="'(^="D/W("8V9&'"040"05&'"3$6&/"3+="3/a(B"L/J"0e&'"&/V"05&'"3$6&/"
0/\&/T"P&"0C"0/ỗ"*X"1W"3$\"05&'"3$6&/"L/J"3$9"&/g3"8F"D/-"&/F"=4."1<"35&'"&'/(O&"AF&'"
L/^("'P&"05&'"3$6&/T"
#$%&'"3$Va&'"/9L"D/C"3/("05&'"*<",-)(B"8F="D/5"/W"=C&'"N6"&O&"*2L"8F"043"0->(B"
Ac("3/6"4L"?J&'"AG"*H"3/("05&'"3$%&'"&VZ0"L/P&"*ắL"043"NF"?S&'"3/7."8_0"?@&'"0/^."*X"
8F="3$5("8ZL"043"0P&"L/^("1C0"1c"u&/V"j"f%F"B6&/vT"
"
d) Điều kiện kỹ thuật vận hành
"
5&'"3$6&/"*P-"=W("3/7."89(":"3/7."*(;&"L/^("*4L"[&'"040".<-"0P-"&/(;="NJ"*O"$)"
=>3"040/"3W3"&/g3"3$%&'"A-W3"3/a("'()&"8F="N(;0"07)"05&'"3$6&/T"W"'ắ&'"DM3"/9L"3W("*)"
040"&/(;="NJ"NO"D/)("3/40B"AI"?J&'"NF"1^%"N;"&'-H&"3F("&' <&"&VZ0T"
BW"3$\"05&'"3$6&/"*P-"=W("8F="3/M"&F%"*X"3/)%"340"N2&"/F&/"*V90"3/-2&"89(B""
0C"3/X"3_"*>&'"/%4"=>3"040/"*G&"'(^&B"0/ắ0"0/ắ&"NF"3W("*)B"1^%"*^="N2&"/F&/")&"3%F&B"
8(&/"/%+3T"

40"05&'"3$6&/"3 M&"4L"8_0"0P&"1^%"*^="*>")&"3%F&"K&"*R&/B"\3"L/^("AI)"0/])T"40"
05&'"3$6&/"0P&"0C"*(O-"D(;&"3/7."8_0"NF%"NF"$)"3/-2&"89(B"Np)"\3"3K&"3/g3B"3$4&/"?@&'"
Q%4.B"QC("8j"Np)"'(^="D/W("8V9&'"Qn."?_&'T"P&"32&"?J&'"*(O-"D(;&"3/(<&"&/(<&"Aẵ&"0CB"
D/5&'"*F%"=4("?W0"&/(O-"Np)"'(]"0^&/",-)&"=5("3$Va&'"NF"1^%"N;"D/c("1R"A+3"8j"3$%&'"
D/("3/("05&'"NF"N2&"/F&/T"
!8" """"""""sổ tay KTTL * Phần 2 - công trình thủy lợi * Tập 1
đ) Các điều kiện khác
5&'"3$6&/"*P-"=W("3/7."89(":"3/7."*(;&"0/z&'"&/]&'"L/^("1^%"*^=".<-"0P-"D(&/"
3M":"Dk"3/-23B"1O&"N]&'"=F"0@&"3+%"0^&/",-)&B"05&'"3$6&/"D(M&"3$r0B"=k"3/-23"/F("/%F"NZ("
3/(<&"&/(<&"=5("3$Va&'B"0F&'"\3"340"*>&'"NF%"3_"&/(<&"0F&'"3W3T"
UZ("*(O-"D(;&"0C"3/XB"0P&"?_"D(M&"3$VZ0"A_"&n&'"0gLB"&n&'"0)%"&o&'"8_0"A^&"Q-g3"
07)"05&'"3$6&/T"BW"3$\"0/ỗ"*X"8F="3(ML"040"05&'"3$6&/"0P&"L/43"3$(X&"3/|%"&/-"0P-"&/V"
05&'"3$6&/"N2&"0/ X&"D/40/B"/F&'"/%4",-)"*2LB"05&'"3$6&/"3$F&"A_"0W"L/@&'"040"*2L"j"
L/\)"3/V9&'"8V-"1R"Nỡ"u/%w0"/+"3/gL"=_0"&VZ0"?n&'"D/("D/C"1W"3$\"05&'"3$6&/"3$F&"A_"
0WTTTvT"mM3"/9L"NF"32&"?J&'"040"05&'"3$6&/"*X"'()%"3/5&'",-)"8+("u3$<&"*d&/"*2LB"040"0GB"
*<",-)(vT"mM3"/9L"NF"32&"?J&'"040"0G"Aj"L/J0"NJB"D/-"L/J"3$9B"D/-"&/F"j"84&"3$+("*X"AI"
?J&'"0/%"*R)"L/VG&'"0/%"04&"1>"05&'"&/n&"N2&"/F&/B"0/%"?("?n&"34("*R&/"0VTTT"
"
2.2.2. Bố trí công trình không có đập ngăn sông
"
a)"5&'"3$6&/"D/5&'"0C"*2L"8F"05&'"3$6&/"D/5&'"0C"0>3"&VZ0"&/V"05&'"3$6&/"8g."&VZ0"3_"
0/^."3$_0"3(ML"3p"A5&'B"3p"D<&/"8Z&B"D/5&'"0C"/H"0/[)T"y/]&'"05&'"3$6&/"8g."&VZ0"&F."
3/Va&'"8F"*X"3VZ("3(<-B"0-&'"0gL"&VZ0"0/%"05&'"&'/(;LB"A(&/"/%+3T"
b)"#/|%"*(O-"D(;&"8g."&VZ0"3p"A5&'"NF%"D<&/"0/\&/"05&'"3$6&/"8g."&VZ0"0/()"8F="/)("
8%+(:"0C"*(O-"3(M3"NF"D/5&'"*(O-"3(M3T"qW("NZ("8%+("05&'"3$6&/"D/5&'"*(O-"3(M3"8V-"8V9&'"
0P&"8g."L/J"3/->0"NF%"=_0"&VZ0"A5&'T"qW("NZ("8%+("05&'"3$6&/"0C"*(O-"3(M3"3/Va&'"0C"
0W&'"*(O-"3(M3"/%w0"3$+="1G="j"*P-"D<&/"0/%"L/éL"8g."8V-"8V9&'"0P&"3/(M3"NZ("1g3"D{"
=_0"&VZ0"&F%"07)"A5&'T"
c)"UR"3$\"NF"1W"3$\"05&'"3$6&/"D/5&'"0C"0>3"&VZ0"0e&'"&/V"8%+("05&'"3$6&/"8g."&VZ0"*V90"
Q40"*R&/"?%"=>3"AW"*(O-"D(;&"*R)"/6&/B"*R)"0/g3B"3/7."No&"07)"*%+&"A5&'B"*(O-"D(;&"NF"

8V9&'"&VZ0"0P&"8g.T"
"
2.2.3. Bố trí công trình với cột n-ớc thấp
"
a)"5&'"3$6&/"*P-"=W("3/7."89(":"3/7."*(;&"NZ("0/(O-"0)%"3/gL"?S&'"*X"?n&'"&VZ0"3+%"
*(O-"D(;&"8g."&VZ0"0/%"&/-"0P-"3/7."89(B"05&'"&'/(;LB"A(&/"/%+3B"0/%"3/7."*(;&"D(X-"
*Va&'"?x&"?S&'"8V-"8V9&'"0G"1^&T"5&'"3$6&/"3/7."*(;&"D(X-"8@&'"A5&'"0e&'"3/Va&'"0C"
0>3"&VZ0"3/gLB"0C"D/("NZ("=J0"*\0/"}D<&/"/%4}"?@&'"A5&'"0/%"'()%"3/5&'"N2&"3^("3/7.T"
BW"3$\"05&'"3$6&/"*P-"=W("3$%&'"040"*(O-"D(;&"&/V"N2."&'%F("*2L"?n&'"NF""3$F&"Q^"
8e"0@&"0C"05&'"3$6&/"&/V"0W&'"8g."&VZ0B"n-"3F-B"&/F"=4."3/7."*(;&TTT"
b)"yM-"A5&'"$>&'"3/6"3/Va&'"1W"3$\"&/F"=4."3/7."*(;&"3$<&"=>3"1aB"n-"3F-"j"1a"1<&"D()B"
j"'(])"8F"*2L"3$F&"Q^"8eT"yM-"*w3"0^"&/F"=4."3/7."*(;&"NF"n-"3F-"NF%"=>3"1a"3/6"N2&"
/F&/"05&'"3$6&/"0C"D/C"D/o&B"&/V&'"3/("05&'"05&'"3$6&/"1<"35&'"*V90"3/-2&"89("?%"3+%"
3/F&/"=>3"3K"/9L"05&'"3$6&/"1<"35&'T"
c)"m/("8@&'"A5&'"/ẹL"D/C"1W"3$\"3g3"0^"040"/+&'"=J0"07)"05&'"3$6&/"*P-"=W("NF%"=>3"3K"
/9LB"0C"3/X"L/^("*F%"8g&"1a"*X"1W"3$\"05&'"3$6&/"&/V"*w3"&/F"=4."3/7."*(;&T"yM-"*(O-"D(;&"
0/%"L/éL"3/6"&<&"DM3"/9L"3 M&"&o&'"8V9&'"NZ("3 M&"3$F&"Q^"8eT"# "&/(<&"?%"0>3"&VZ0"
3/gL"&<&"D/C"1W"3$\B"0C"3/X"?S&'"040"=W"3$J"07)"*2L"*X"1W"3$\"3K"=4."As"0C"/(;-",-^"/G&T"
A - Nh÷ng vÊn ®Ò chung trong thiÕt kÕ c«ng tr×nh thñy lîi !9

d)"ë"&VZ0"3)"05&'"3$6&/"#/40"BF"*V90"Qn."?_&'"3$%&'"&/]&'"&o="60"07)"3/M"Db"XX"8F"
3/->0"8%+("3/7."*(;&"D(X-"8@&'"A5&'"NZ("0>3"&VZ0"3VG&'"*W("3/gLB"1W"3$\"05&'"3$6&/"1)%"
'H="3p"1a"L/^(",-)"3$4("*2L"D/5"1a"L/^(;"&/F"=4."3/7."*(;&"NZ(" "3K"=4.B"3$F&"Q^"8e"0C""
"D/%)&'B"*2L"0/\&/"&'o&"A5&'"1»&'"*g3"*4"uQ|="/6&/"2:2vT"
"
"
H×nh 2-2. Bè trÝ tæng thÓ c«ng tr×nh lo¹i thñy ®iÖn lßng s«ng
)v"•¾3"?E0"3/|%"3$J0"05&'"3$6&/"*P-"=W(;"1v"Mw3"1»&';"
1B"!B"6:"*2L"*g3;"2:"y/F"=4."3/7."*(;&;" :"q2L"3$F&"1<"35&';""
t:"¢-"3F-;"7:"R)&/"'(Z("&'2L"j"3/V9&'"8V-;""

8B"11:"m<&/"NF%"NF"D<&/"$);"9B"10:"m<&/"NF%"n-T"
"
"
2.2.4. Bè trÝ c«ng tr×nh víi cét n-íc trung b×nh
a)"•5&'"3$6&/"*P-"=W("3/7."89(":"3/7."*(;&"NZ("0>3"&VZ0"3$-&'"16&/"0C"3/X"*V90"Qn."?_&'"
j"A5&'"NS&'"*H&'"1»&'B"3$-&'"?-"NF"=(O&"&r(T"#$%&'"3$Va&'"/9L"j"A5&'"NS&'"*H&'"1»&'"
NF"3$-&'"?-B"0C"3/X"&O&"=C&'"D/5&'"L/^("8F"*4B"0@&"A5&'"j"=(O&"&r("3/Va&'"8F"&O&"
=C&'"*4T"•40"05&'"3$6&/"*P-"=W("0C"0>3"&VZ0"3$-&'"16&/"*)"AW"NZ("=J0"*\0/"L/43"*(;&"
NF"&/F"=4."3/7."*(;&"3/Va&'"3/->0"D(X-"A)-"*2LT"
b)"BW"3$\"05&'"3$6&/"3/7."*(;&"D(X-"A)-"*2L"L/J"3/->0"0/7".M-"NF%"8%+("*2L"1»&'"1<"35&'"
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A - Những vấn đề chung trong thiết kế công trình thủy lợi t1

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2.2.6. Một số nhận xét chung
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A - Nh÷ng vÊn ®Ò chung trong thiÕt kÕ c«ng tr×nh thñy lîi t

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2.3.1. Các công trình thủy điện
1. Công trình Thác Bà
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3g="*4."L/P&"*2L"3$F&"NF"040"=W"3$J"=Z("&'o&"A5&'"qH&'"y)("NF"8V-"8V9&'"3/("05&'"
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3o&'"0>3"&VZ0"NF"05&'"A-g3"8ắL"=4.B"*(;&"8V9&'"*4&'"DXT"
"
c)"#$%&'"1F("/E0"D(&/"&'/(;="NO"DM3"0g-"05&'"3$6&/"#$R"A&"0C"Ng&"*O"A_"0W"W&'"4L"8_0B"
?%"*`"8F="W&'"N-5&'"1ằ&'"1<"35&'"0W3"3/éL"NZ("D/h-"*>"3$%&'"$g3"8Z&"u7"=""7"=v"=F"
0W3"3/éL"*w3"j"'C0"0/V)"0/-h&"Q40B"3/a("'()&"A)-"D/("*K"1<"35&'"0/V)"*4L"[&'".<-"0P-T"
# "&/(<&"1F("/E0"3/F&/"05&'"8F"0/7".M-"&<&"3$%&'"3/a("'()&"$g3"&'ắ&"*`"/%F&"3/F&/"
=>3"05&'"3$6&/"0C"3P="0ỡ",-W0"'()B"3/2="0/\"8F",-W0"3MT"
q`"&/)&/"0/C&'"3$(X&"D/)("05&'"340"Qn."?_&'"0P-",-)"A5&'"qH&'"y)(B"j"3 M&"
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1988"*`"0/+."=4."*93"*P-T"
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4. Công trình Vĩnh Sơn
"
a)"5&'"3$6&/"3/7."*(;&"U~&/"lG&"0C"040"*2L"3+%"3/F&/"/H"0/[)" AB" B"&ằ="3$<&""
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&o="198tT"fH"A"3$<&"A5&'"q)D"P/)&"*V90"&VZ0"3p"/H"B"0/ X&"NO"3+%"3/F&/"/;"3/W&'"
/H"0C"D/^"&o&'"*(O-"3(M3"&/(O-"&o=T"J="05&'"3$6&/"B"*w3"j"3 M&"3$<&B"05&'"3$6&/"3$F&"

j"1<&"1a"L/^(B"D<&/"0/ X&"&VZ0"1<&"1a"3$4(T"J="05&'"3$6&/"A"0C"Q|="Qé3"2"3 M&"
*2L:"?VZ("NF"3$<&"040/"&/)-"D/%^&'"1t0"á"200"=T"l)-"D/("Q|="Qé3"*`"0/E&"3 M&"?VZ("
0C"D/W("8V9&'"\3"/G&"?S"?VZ("&O&"0C"*4"1)?)&"8ỗ"$ỗ&'T"5&'"3$6&/"3$F&"*w3"j"|%"1a"L/^(B"
0C"0^"3$F&"}A_"0W}"3/|%"D(X-"}0P-"0/6}T"
"
b)"# M&"&o&'"8V9&'"1)%"'H="D<&/"NF%"3p"/H"A;"2"W&'"3/éL"/j"u3/)."/H""1ằ&'"040/"
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0/ X&"3%F&"1>"3 M&"&o&'"8V9&'"NO"L/\)"/+"8V-"uA5&'"5&v"D/%^&'"200"="8F="'(^="
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3$%&'"1600"==B"?F("78t"=T"#/4L"*(O-"4L"0C"0/ỗ"0%"/ẹLB"*Va&'"D\&/"3$%&'"6B7"=B"*Va&'"
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5. Công trình Thác Mơ
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Q^",-)"3$F&"*)&'"Qn."?_&'T"
"
b)"q`"Q|="Qé3"*M&"6"3 M&"&o&'"8V9&'T"-W("0S&'"?p&'"j"3 M&"6B"'(^="D/W("8V9&'"*ắL"
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d)"5&'"3$6&/"*V90"0/\&/"3/[0"D/j("05&'"&'F."20/11/1991B"/%F&"3/F&/"NF%"&o="199tT"
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