!"# ########sổ tay KTTL * Phần 2 - công trình thủy lợi * Tập 1
#
#
#
Ch"ơng 3
#
Kết cấu gia cố mái dốc đập đất đá
#
Biên soạn: GS. TSKH. Trịnh Trọng Hàn
#
#
#
3.1. Tổng quát
$%&#'()#*+,#'-#./#012#34#56+#7-'#'8,#.9:#.(&#.6#3;#56+#7-'#.(&#.6#'8,#'<=*#&>?=@#
&@8A#=B+#'@)=*#0,2#*C5#=D5#0E#:@9=#F,)G#
HI#$%&#'()#*+,#'-#'J#01=#./#012#34#56+#7-'#.(&#.6#'@-=*#KB+#LM#72#&6'#.E=*##
####&@NO=*#K)AP=#'8,#FB=*#*+BQ#7R=*#'@1A#3;#'6'#&6'#.E=*#'J#@S'#T@6'U#
I#$%&#'()#*+,#'-#=@V#@2W'#LX:#'@Y#:@8#0-#&>Z#&>P=#56+#7-'#3;#M#'@[=#56+#7-'##
#####=*2;+#:@\5#3+#.N]'#012#34#0M+#T%&#'()#*+,#'-#'@8#A%)Q#M#3^=*#'@_)#&6'#.E=*##
#####A%)#3;#T@<=*#&@NO=*#K)AP=#@2W'#3^=*#'@_)#1=@#@NM=*#*+6=#&+%:#'8,#'6'#&6'##
#####.E=*#'J#@S'#=P)#M#&>P=U#
`I#$%&#'()#'@)A/=#&+%:Q#7\=*#LX:#.45#LB&#@2W'#&a=*#LS'#=*N]'#:@Z,#7NX+#'6'#0E##
#####:@9=#*+,#'-#'J#01=#3;#*+,#'-#=@VQ#./#L+P=#T%&#'6'#0E#:@9=#*+,#'-#3X+#56+#7-'##
#####.(&#.6#3;#012#34#'6'#@\&#.(&#.6#'8,#56+#7-'#T@<=*#0_#KB+#=*a5Q#.C=*#&@O+#L;5##
#####'@b'#=D=*#&+P)#&@26&#=NX'#&@(5#M#56+Q#0O#T@+#5c'#=NX'#=*a5#',2#@2W'#T@+##
#####5c'#=NX'#@C#'@b,#@,A#LR=*#7d=#7,2#.E=*#3X+#0+P=#.E#LX=U#
eI#$%&#'()#&c,#.fQ#0-#&>Z#M#7NX+#'@[=#0E#:@9=#*+,#'-#'J#01=#./#'@-=*#&>N]&#'@2#0E##
####:@9=#*+,#'-#'J#01=#3;#=-+#&+%:#L+P=#T%&#*+g,#0E#:@9=#*+,#'-#'J#01=#3X+#*+,#'-#=@VU#
hI#$%&#'()#@\=#'@%#:@\5#3+#L,=#&>)Ai=#&6'#.E=*#'8,#7R=*#'@1A#@,A#&6'#.E=*#FB=*Q##
####'R=#*S+#L;#&NO=*#'@j=#FB=*Q#'@2#:@k:#*+15#l)A#5<#3;#T@-+#LN]=*#'8,#0E#:@9=##
####*+,#'-m#
#
#n>2=*#&>NO=*#@]:#.E#3N]&#',2#'8,#.o=@#.9:#F2#3X+#5c'#=NX'#&Z=@#&26=#LX=#@J=#&>_#
F-#.E#3N]&#',2#7c#&>g#'a=#&@+%&#'B#T/#.%=#FB=*#LY2#&@?#T@<=*#L;5#&NO=*#'@j=#FB=*m##
p@N#39A#3+4'#Lc,#'@S=#:@NJ=*#6=#T%&#'()#&NO=*#'@j=#FB=*#.N]'#l)A%&#._=@#&@Y2#F2#F6=@#
3i#T+=@#&%#Tq#&@)9&m#
$%&#'()#*+,#'-#'J#01=#'B#&@/#.N]'#L;5#0r=*#=@+i)#L2\+#39&#L+4)#T@6'#=@,)Q#=@N#.6#
s.6#.tQ#.6#L6&Q#.6#K[AmmmIQ#0P#&<=*#3;#0P#&<=*#'-&#&@k:#s=*)AP=#T@-+#u#.v'#&\+#'@w#@2W'#
'6'#&(5#>O+#Lj:#*@k:IQ#0P#&<=*#=@c,#.NO=*Q#*wQ#3m3mmm#
x9&#L+4)#.N]'#Fy#7z=*#:@t#0+%=#./#*+,#'-#L;#.6#3;#0P#&<=*m#{6#./#L;5#*+,#'-#'J#
01=#'B#&@/#.N]'#'@S=#LS'#@2W'#T@<=*#'@S=#LS'#3i#&@;=@#:@a=#@\&m#$@+#Fy#7z=*#.6#'@S=#
LS'#'B#TZ'@#&@NX'#.C=*#.i)#'a=#:@1+#'B#L)9=#'@b=*#&@Z'@#.6=*#3i#T+=@#&%#Tq#&@)9&Q#=@(&#
L;#T@+#'@+i)#',2#FB=*#&Z=@#&26=#LX=#@J=# 5#:@1+#7^=*#.6#'f#LX=m#
B - §Ëp ®Êt ®¸ !|
#
H×nh 3-1. S¬ ®å gia cè m¸i dèc b»ng ®¸ ®æ
Hu#*+,#'-#=@VU# u#LX:#'@)A/=#&+%:#LS'#=*N]'U#`u#*+,#'-#'J#01=#0r=*#.6m#
#
##
H×nh 3-2. S¬ ®å gia cè m¸i dèc b»ng bª t«ng nguyªn khèi
Hu#*+,#'-#=@VU# u#*-+#&c,#'8,#*+,#'-#'J#01=U#`u#LX:#LB&#'@)A/=#&+%:U#
eu#*+,#'-#'J#01=#0r=*#0P#&<=*#'-&#&@k:U#hu#&NO=*#'@j=#FB=*U#
}u#.j:#L\+#0r=*#.6#7D5#@2W'#.(&#'6&#F~+m#
H×nh 3-3. S¬ ®å gia cè b»ng tÊm bª t«ng cèt thÐp l¾p ghÐp cã c¸c mèi nèi hë
Hu#*+,#'-#=@VU# u#*-+#&c,#'8,#*+,#'-#'J#01=U#`u#LX:#.45#LB&#'@)A/=#&+%:U#
eu#*+,#'-#'J#01=#0r=*#&(5#0P#&<=*#'-&#&@k:#'B#5-+#=-+#@MU#
hu#LX:#.j:#L\+#0r=*#.6#7D5m##
#
$%&#'()#*+,#'-#0r=*#0P#&<=*#'-&#&@k:#.t#L+i=#T@-+#.N]'#'@+,#&@;=@#=@g=*#&(5#
>+P=*#&>2=*#l)6#&>?=@#.tQ#F,)#.B#.t#L(:#TZ=#'6'#T@Y#=-+#*+g,#'6'#&(5m#•2\+#*+,#'-#=;A#
&@)E'#T%&#'()#*+,#'-#'b=*Q#.N]'#Fy#7z=*#T@+#FB=*#LX=#'B#'@+i)#',2#FB=*#&>P=# 5#3;#'()#
&\2#56+#7-'#0r=*#L2\+#.(&#.R+#@~+#:@1+#'B#LX:#012#34#'B#.E#'b=*#'a=#&@+%&m#
G+,#'-#0r=*#&(5#0P#&<=*#'-&#&@k:#'B#@,+#@?=@#&@b'G##
HI#{v'#&\+#'@w#s&>P=#56+#7-'I#./#&>,=@#&@8#6:#7z=*#0+4=#:@6:#'J#*+X+#@26#.C=*#0E#
'<=*#&6'#.t#0P#&<=*Q#&D=*#'NO=*#.E#3;#*+15#&@O+#*+,=#&@+#'<=*Q#&\2#LX:#:@8#L+P=#&z'#
T@<=*#&@(5#=NX'Q#T@<=*#&><+#.(&U##
"0# ########sæ tay KTTL * PhÇn 2 - c«ng tr×nh thñy lîi * TËp 1
I#Sy#7z=*#'6'#&(5#0P#&<=*#Lj:#*@k:#'B#5-+#=-+#@M#&>2=*#.+i)#T+4=#56+#7-'#'B#
T@1#=D=*#Lv=#T@<=*#.i)#3X+#.E#Lv=#LX=Q#@2W'#72#'6'#A%)#&-#T@6'Q#3Z#7z#&@+#'<=*#7NX+#
=NX'Q#56+#7-'#'B#7R=*#&@(5#'@1A#>,#&@NO=*#K)AP=Q#&@+#'<=*#&>2=*#.+i)#T+4=#&@O+#&+%&#
T@<=*#&@)9=#L]+#'@2#3+4'#.t#0P#&<=*Q#3m3mmm#
$@+#&@+%&#T%#3;#Lc,#'@S=#@?=@#&@b'#*+,#'-#'a=#=*@+P=#'b)#=@g=*#T@)A%=#=*@_#3i#
3+4'#Fy#7z=*#39&#L+4)#*+,#'-#&>2=*#.+i)#T+4=#'z#&@/#'ò=*#=@N#'6'#7c#062#3i#Fc#7+Ô=#0+%=#
&@,A#.t+#'@%#.E#L;5#3+4'#'8,#T%&#'()#*+,#'-#M#=@g=*#3^=*#T@6'#=@,)#&>P=#:@\5#3+#56+#
7-'#.9:#&@Y2#7S'#&)A%=#3;#&@Y2#'@+i)#',2#'<=*#&>?=@m#
D2#.+i)#T+4=#L;5#3+4'#T@6'#=@,)#&@Y2#.E#',2#'@2#=P=#:@1+#'@S=#L2\+#*+,#'-#T@6'#
=@,)#3;#l)A#5<#T%&#'()#*+,#'-#T@6'#=@,)m#xZ#7zQ#&>2=*#:@\5#3+#*+,#'-#'J#01=#=P=#'@S=#
'^=*#5E&#@?=@#&@b'#*+,#'-#=@N=*#'@+i)#7;A#*+,#'-#'B#&@/#*+15#7a=#&õ#&>P=#K)-=*#3;#
*+15#M#3^=*#&@NO=*#K)AP=#=*9:#=NX'#F2#3X+#3^=*#=NX'#7,2#.E=*m#
G+X+#@\=#&>P=#'8,#*+,#'-#'J#01=#.N]'#L(A#',2#@J=#5c'#=NX'#&Z=@#&26=#sMpDBnI#
5E&#.\+#LN]=*#0r=*#s@
l
+#D@I#@2W'#s0Q"@
F
#+#0Qh#5I#3;#T@<=*#&@(:#@J=#5c'#=NX'#T+/5#
&>,Q#&>2=*#.B#@
l
#u#'@+i)#',2#FB=*#LY2U#@
F
#u#'@+i)#',2#FB=*#&Z=@#&26=U#D@#u#'@+i)#',2#7[=*#
&@P5#'8,#5W&#=NX'#72#&6'#7z=*#'8,#.;#*+Bm#G+X+#@\=#7NX+#'8,#*+,#'-#'J#01=#L(A#&@(:#
@J=#5c'#=NX'#'@%E&#.\+#LN]=*#0r=*#H
$#
@2W'# @#sH
$
#u#.E#F[)#:@[=#*+X+Q#=J+#K1A#>,#
FB=*#.t#La=#.a)#&+P=Im#
n+%:#&@Y2#*+,#'-#'J#01=#L;#*+,#'-#=@Vm#G+,#'-#=@V#T%&#&@v'#M#3_#&>Z#T@<=*#'B#7R=*#
'@1A#@2W'#7R=*#'@1A#T@<=*#'B#T@1#=D=*#*[A#KB+#56+#7-'m#
#
3.2. ThiÕt kÕ tÇng ®Öm d-íi kÕt cÊu gia cè
3.2.1. Tæng qu¸t
p@+45#3z#'8,#&a=*#.45#L;#=-+#&+%:#0E#:@9=#*+,#'-#3X+#.(8+#7-'Q#3?#39A#@?=@#
&@b'#'()#&\2#'8,#LX:#.45#:@z#&@)E'#3;2#.+i)#T+4=#L;5#3+4'#'8,#=Bm#na=*#.45#'B#&@/#'()#
&\2#*C5#5E&#LX:#@,A#=@+i)#LX:m#
n@Y2#'@%#.E#39=#@;=@#'8,#'<=*#&>?=@#&@8A#3;#.+i)#T+4=#L;5#3+4'#'8,#T%&#'()#*+,#
'-Q#&a=*#.45#'B#&@/#'B#'6'#'@b'#=D=*#F,)G#
u#n@26&#=NX'#=*a5#&õ#&>2=*#56+#7-'#'@1A#>,U#
u#n+P)#@,2#=D=*#LN]=*#'8,#7R=*#'@1A#'B#FB=*U#
u#n@26&#=NX'#&@(5#&õ#&@N]=*#LN)#l),#'6'#T@Y#@M#'8,#T%&#'()#*+,#'-#@,A#=NX'##
###&@(5#l),#LX:#*+,#'-#7NX+#&6'#7z=*#'8,#'E&#=NX'#L;5#3+4'#'8,#.9:#@2W'#72#&6'####
###7z=*#FB=*U#
u#P@[=#0-#&1+#&>S=*#&õ#T%&#'()#*+,#'-#F,=*#56+#7-'#&@Y2#@NX=*#'B#L]+#./#*+15#0+%=##
###7\=*#Lv=#T@<=*#.i)U#
u#B12#34#39&#L+4)#56+#7-'#T@<=*#0_#KB+#=*a5#'z'#0E#3;#KB+#&+%:#Kv'#72#&6'#7z=*##
###'8,#&@(5#&@Y2#'1#@,+#@NX=*#u#&@(5#=*N]'#3i#:@Z,#&@N]=*#LN)#3;#&@(5#7S'#&@Y2##
###56+#7-'#sT@+#FB=*#>v&#@2W'#5c'#=NX'#@C#@\#.E&#=*E&IU#
B - §Ëp ®Êt ®¸ "H
u#n@c'#@+4=#'@b'#=D=*#>+P=*#&@Y2#AP)#'a)#'8,#'<=*#=*@4#&@+#'<=*#T%&#'()#*+,#'-Q#
@2W'#&@Y2#@w=#@]:#5E&#F-#'@b'#=D=*#T/#&>P=m#
C()#&\2#39&#L+4)#&a=*#.45#T@<=*#.N]'#'@b,#'6'#&\:#'@(&#'B#&@/#0_#@2;#&,=#&>2=*#
=NX'm#no#L4#@\�z+#.NO=*#TZ=@#7#£#0QH#55#T@<=*#3N]&#l)6#h%m#
3.2.2. TÇng ®Öm d-íi kÕt cÊu gia cè b»ng líp che phñ liªn tôc
$@+#Fy#7z=*#LX:#*+,#'-#:@8#L+P=#&z'#&>P=#0i#5W8+#7-'#=@N#0P#&<=*#'-&#&@k:#.t#
L+i=#T@-+#@2W'#.t#&@Y2#'6'#&(5#F,)#.B#0_&#L(:#T@Y#=-+Q#3m3mmmQ#&@?#'a=#:@1+#&@26&#=NX'#
=*a5#@2W'#=NX'#&@(5#=*N]'#T@+#5c'#=NX'#@C#7,2#.E=*#&@NO=*#K)AP=#3X+#0+P=#.E#LX=m#
n>2=*#&>NO=*#@]:#=;A#&a=*#.45#L;5#3+4'#&@Y2#'@b'#=D=*#&a=*#LS'#=*N]'m#x+4'#&@+%&#T%#
3;#Lc,#'@S=#'()#&\2#'8,#&a=*#.45#&+%=#@;=@#&@Y2#'6'#l)A#._=@#3;#'@o#7d=# +#3X+#&a=*#
LS'#=*N]'#'8,#'<=*#&>?=@#&@8Am#
n>2=*#&>NO=*#@]:#LX:#*+,#'-#7\=*#LX:#:@8#L+P=#&z'#'B#.8#.E#'b=*#3X+#'6'#5-+#=-+#
.N]'#0_&#L(:#.15#012#T@<=*#&@(5#=NX'#&@?#'B#&@/#T@<=*#'a=#L;5#&a=*#.45#=%)#'B#'6'#
.+i)#T+4=#F,)G#
u#Mc'#=NX'#&@N]=*#LN)#&>NX'#56+#7-'#&NJ=*# +#t=#._=@#@,A#&@,A#.t+#'@95U#
u#$@<=*#'B#=NX'#7[=*#72#=NX'#=*a5#M#:@Z,#F,)#LX:#*+,#'-#&\2#=P=U#
u####{(&#'8,#56+#7-'#'B#.E#&@(5#LX=#.15#012#T@<=*#F+=@#>,#6:#Lc'#7N#M#:@Z,#F,)#
LX:#*+,#'-m#
{-+#3X+#LX:#:@8#*+,#'-#./#012#34#56+#7-'#.N]'#'()#&\2#0r=*#.(&#@\�z+Q#.(i5#
7Î2#@2W'#39&#L+4)#'B#T@1#=D=*#Lv=#LX=#&@?#'a=#:@1+#'B#&a=*#.45#L+P=#&z'#7NX+#LX:#*+,#'-m#
n>NO=*#@]:#'a=#&@26&#=NX'#&@(5#@2W'#&\2#.+i)#T+4=#'@2#Fc#'-#T%&#'8,#LX:#:@8#&@?#
&a=*#.45#.N]'#L;5#0r=*#.6#7D5#@2W'#0r=*#L2\+#.(&#'B#&@;=@#:@a=#@\&#T@6'#=@,)#KY=#
'6'#@\&#LX=#.j:#&@;=@#5E&#LX:#7;A#Hh#¸# 0#'5m#
C()#&\2#'8,#&a=*#.45#:@Z,#7NX+#'6'#T@X:#=-+#=@+4&#u#Lv=#&@NO=*#'B#7\=*#=@+i)#LX:#
LS'#K%:#&@;=@#0D=*#7;+#7S'#&@Y2#.NO=*#T@X:#=-+m#$@21=*#'6'@#*+g,#'6'#T@X:#=-+#
&@NO=*#L(A#0r=*#e0#¸#}0#5# +#3X+#T%&#'()#*+,#'-#=*)AP=#T@-+#3;#0r=*#`0#¸#e0#5# +#
3X+#LX:#:@8#*@k:m#C()#&\2#&@;=@#:@a=#@\&#'8,#&a=*#.45#.N]'#K6'#._=@#&@Y2#AP)#'a)#'8,#
T%&#'()#*+,#'-#'B#5-+#=-+#@M#L;5#3+4'#&>2=*#.+i)#T+4=#'@_)#&6'#.E=*#FB=*m#
n>NO=*#@]:#56+#7-'#L;#.(Z=@#'B#@+4=#&N]=*#0_#&>NJ=*#=M#&@/#&Z'@#T@+#=@+4&#.E#
[5#&@?#:@Z,#7NX+#LX:#.45#0r=*#@\&#&@<#'a=#'B#LX:#'@)A/=#&+%:#0r=*#.(&#'6&#'B#&6'#7z=*#
@\=#'@%#T@<=*#T@Z#L\=@#&õ#5<+#&>NO=*#T@<=*#T@Z#0P=#=*2;+#K[5#=@9:#&>c'#&+%:#3;2#0i#
5W&#.(8+#7-'m#•X:#'6&#.N]'#*S+#L;#LX:#*+g#È5#'@2#.(&#'8,#56+#7-'m#C@+i)#7;A#LX:#'6&#
.N]'#L(A#&@Y2#.+i)#T+4=#T@Z#@9)#'8,#3^=*#K[A#7c=*Q#&@Y2#L2\+#T%&#'()#LX:#*+,#'-#3;#LX:#
.45#*+,#'-m#
3.2.3. TÇng ®Öm d-íi gia cè b»ng tÊm bª t«ng cã khe nèi hë
DNX+#'6'#&(5#0P#&<=*#'-&#&@k:#'B#T@X:#=-+#@M#sT@<=*#.t#0P#&<=*#L(:#TZ=#T@Y#=-+I#
@2W'#&(5#0P#&<=*#'-&#&@k:#'B#'6'#Lw#&@26&#=NX'#L;5#3+4'#&>2=*#.+i)#T+4=#&6'#.E=*#FB=*#L;#
&a=*#.45#.N]'#'()#&\2#0r=*#39&#L+4)#'@S=#LS'#.j:#&@;=@#@,+#@2W'#0,#LX:#&@Y2#&Z=@#'@(&#
&a=*#LS'#=*N]'m#n>2=*#&>NO=*#@]:#=;A#'ò=*#'B#&@/#L;5#&a=*#.45#5E&#LX:#0r=*#39&#L+4)#'f#
@\&#T@6'#=@,)#3X+#'()#&\2#&@;=@#:@a=#@\&#K6'#._=@#&@Y2#&Z=@#&26=m#
" # ########sæ tay KTTL * PhÇn 2 - c«ng tr×nh thñy lîi * TËp 1
p%)#Fy#7z=*#&a=*#.45#5E&#LX:#3;#=%)#56+#7-'#L;#.(Z=@Q#&@?#'()#&\2#&a=*#.45#
*C5#'6'#@\&#&>)=*#3;#@\&#&@<#.N]'#'@S=#&@Y2#AP)#'a)#T@<=*#K1A#>,#KB+#=*a5#&+%:#Kv'#
*+g,#'6'#LX:#Ti#=@,)m#
n>2=*#&>NO=*#@]:#Fy#7z=*#&a=*#.45#=@+i)#LX:#3;#56+#7-'#L;#.(&#'6&#@\�z+Q#&@?#
LX:#.45#7NX+#'^=*#&+%:#Kv'#3X+#.(&#'8,#56+#7-'#.N]'#L;5#0r=*#'6&m#
n>NO=*#@]:#56+#7-'#L;#.(Z=@#@2W'#.(&#'6�z+#&@?#'B#&@/#Fy#7z=*#&a=*#.45#5E&#
LX:#0r=*#.(&#'6&#'f#@\&#T@6'#=@,)#3;#.N]'#.a5#'@W&m#
na=*#.45#:@Z,#7NX+#T%&#'()#*+,#'-#0r=*#'6'#&(5#0P#&<=*#'-&#&@k:#Lj:#*@k:#&>P=#
56+#7-'#'B#=@)#'a)#:@1+#&@26&#=NX'#&@(5#s72#5c'#=NX'#@C#7,2#.E=*#LX=#@,A#72#3_#&>Z#
5c'#=NX'#=*a5#',2#@J=#5c'#=NX'#@CI#.N]'#&Z=@#&26=#3;#&@+%&#T%#&@Y2#l)A#._=@# +#3X+#
&a=*#LS'#=*N]'#M#'6'#0E#:@9=#'B#6:#'8,#'<=*#&>?=@#&@8Am#R+P=*#LX:#&>P=#'^=*#'8,#&a=*#
.45#'R=#.N]'#'@S=#TZ'@#&@NX'#@\&#&@Y2#.+i)#T+4=#'@_)#&6'#.E=*#FB=*#'8,#T%&#'()#*+,#'-m#
x9&#L+4)#'8,#&a=*#.45#5E&#LX:#:@Z,#7NX+#T%&#'()#*+,#'-#0r=*#&(5#0P#&<=*#'-&#&@k:#
'B#T@X:#@M#@2W'#'B#'6'#Lw#@t=*#.N]'#K6'#._=@#&@Y2#'6'#&@<=*#F-#F,)G#
u#no#L4#TZ'@#&@NX'#@\&#LX:#.45#3;#TZ'@#&@NX'#T@Y#@M#@2W'#TZ'@#&@NX'#Lw#@t=*#&>2=*#
'6'#&(5#*+,#'-U#
u#$Z'@#&@NX'#@\&#.(&#'8,#56+#7-'#'a=#012#34U#
u#{E#T@<=*#.C=*#=@(&#'8,#@\&#LX:#.45#s0+/)#&@_#0r=*#@4#F-#T@<=*#.C=*#=@(&#h#3i#
&@;=@#:@a=#@\&#@2W'#.E#T@<=*#.C=*#=@(&#'8,#39&#L+4)#$
}0/H0
Im#
{-+#3X+#&a=*#.45#5E&#LX:Q#*+X+#@\=#'@2#:@k:#3i#.E#T@<=*#.C=*#=@(&#'8,#39&#L+4)#
.N]'#L(A#0r=*G#
##
}0/H0 }0 H0
$ D/D h 0
==¸
#s`mHI#
n>2=*#.BG#
$
}0/H0
#u#.E#T@<=*#.C=*#=@(&#'8,#39&#L+4)#sý#=*@q,#&NJ=*#&c#=@N#@4#F-#
h
#&@Y2##
##########xmXm#IF&<5+=,IU##
D
}0
#3;#7
H0
#u#.NO=*#TZ=@#'8,#=@B5#@\&#LX=#3;#=@B5#@\&#=@~#'B#F-#@\&#TZ'@###
##################&@NX'#=@~#@J=#'@v=*#'@+%5#&o#L4#&NJ=*#b=*#}0%#3;#H0%#&@Y2##
#################T@-+#LN]=*m#
$@+#*+,#'-#0r=*#'6'#&(5#'B#T@Y#=-+#@M#'R=#AP)#'a)#D
}0
#£#h0#¸#}0#55m#p%)#Fy#
7z=*#&(5#*+,#'-#'B#'6'#Lw#@t=*#&@?#&o#L4#TZ'@#&@NX'#=*,=*#'8,#&+%+4=#Lw#@t=*#s0I#F2#3X+#
TZ'@#&@NX'#@\&#'8,#&a=*#.45#5E&#LX:#.N]'#K6'#._=@#&@Y2#0+/)#&@b'#F,)G#
##0#
£
#0Q}D
=##
s`m I#
n>2=*#.BG#=#u#&o#L4#F-#@\&#s&Z=@#&@Y2#%#T@-+#LN]=*I#'@2#:@k:#0_#KB+#>,#T@~+#LX:#.45#
3X+#.+i)#T+4=#T@<=*#*[A#0+%=#7\=*#'B#@\+#'@2#&(5#*+,#'-m#{-+#3X+#&(5#*+,#'-#'B#T@Y#=-+#
@M#L(A#=#£# h#¸#`0%m#
p%)#&>z'#7S'#'8,#T@X:#@M#@2W'#&>z'#7S'#'6'#Lw#@t=*#3)<=*#*B'#3X+#.NO=*#5k:#
=NX'#&@?#&o#L4#*+g,#TZ'@#&@NX'#'6'#@\&#'8,#&a=*#.45#F2#3X+#TZ'@#&@NX'#=*,=*#s0I#'8,#T@Y#
@M#@2W'#'8,#'6'#Lw#@t=*#.N]'#L(A#&>2=*#:@\5#3+#F,)G#
B - §Ëp ®Êt ®¸ "`
u#xX+#'@+i)#',2#FB=*#&Z=@#&26=#&a=#F)(&#H%#.\&#&X+# #5#s@
H%
#£# #5I#
#`#'5#
³
#0#
£
#0Q}#D
=
##s`m`I#
u#xX+#'@+i)#',2#FB=*#&Z=@#&26=#&a=#F)(&#H%#'B#*+6#&>_#LX=#@J=# #5#s@
H%
#># #5I#
## #'5#
³
#0#
£
#0Q}D
=
##s`meI#
p%)#&>z'#7S'#'8,#T@X:#@M#@2W'#'8,#@;=*#Lw#@t=*#=r5#F2=*#F2=*#3X+#.NO=*#5k:#
=NX'#&@?#L(A#.\+#LN]=*#0#&>2=*#:@\5#3+G#
##e#'5#
³
#0#
£
#0Q"D
=#
s`mhI#
$Z'@#&@NX'#@\&#'8,#&a=*#.45#5E&#LX:#D
H0
#.N]'#'@S=#&@Y2#.+i)#T+4=#'B#T/#.%=#'f#
@\&#&>)=*#0?=@#'8,#.(&#'6&#&\2#=P=#56+#7-'#s7
h0
I#&@Y2#l),=#@4#F,)G#
## D
H0
/7
h0
#
£
#`0##s`m}I#
{-+#3X+#&a=*#.45#*C5#@,+#@2W'#0,#LX:Q#&@?#LX:#7NX+#'^=*#'8,#&a=*#.45#&+%:#Kv'#
&>c'#&+%:#3X+#56+#7-'#0r=*#.(&#'6&#.N]'#'@S=#&@Y2#AP)#'a)#3i#.E#T@<=*#.C=*#=@(&#'8,#
&@;=@#:@a=#@\&#=@N#F,)G#
##$
}0/H0
#
£
# 0##s`m!I#
p*2;+#>,Q#&o#L4#TZ'@#&@NX'#@\&#'8,#LX:#.45#&+%:#Kv'#3X+#56+#7-'#sDI#F2#3X+#TZ'@#
&@NX'#@\&#s7I#'8,#.(8+#7-'#:@1+#&>2=*#:@\5#3+G#
@2W'#
£
ü
ý
£
þ
H0 H0
h0 h0
D/7H0
D/7H0
#s`m"I#
#n@;=@#:@a=#@\&#'8,#LX:#.45#=r5#&>c'#&+%:#7NX+#'6'#T@Y#@M#'8,#&(5#*+,#'-#.N]'#
K6'#._=@#&@Y2#`#'@o#&+P)#F,)#s +#3X+#&a=*#.45#=@+i)#LX:IG#
HI#{E#T@<=*#.C=*#=@(&#'8,#39&#L+4)#LX:#.45G#
##$
}0/H0
#
£
# ##s`m|I#
# I#G+6#&>_#'8,#@4#F-#l),=#@4#*+g,#TZ'@#&@NX'#@\&#&>)=*#0?=@#'8,#LX:#KY5#Kk&#sD
h0
I##
#######3;#LX:#.45#T%#&+%:#:@Z,#7NX+#=B#s7
h0
IQ#*S+#&j&#L;#@4#F-#l),=#@4#LX:#$
l
G#
#$
l
= D
h0
/7
h0
#=#`
¸
e##s`mH0I#
`I#no#F-#*+g,#TZ'@#&@NX'#D
M
#'8,#'6'#@\&#=@~#=@(&#'8,#LX:#.45#&>P=#'^=*#sLX:#KY5##
###########################################Kk&I#3;#TZ'@#&@NX'#=*,=*#'8,#Lw#@t=*#l#&>2=*#&(5#*+,#'-#:@1+#=r5#&>2=*#*+X+#@\=G#
#0#
£
#0Q}D
=
#s`mHHI#
p%)#&>z'#7S'#'8,#5-+#=-+#@M#@2W'#'6'#Lw#@t=*#=r5#3)<=*#*B'#3X+#.NO=*#5k:#
=NX'Q#&@?#&o#L4#*+g,#TZ'@#&@NX'#@\&#'8,#LX:#.45#&>P=#'^=*#3;#TZ'@#&@NX'#=*,=*#'8,#T@Y#@M#
@2W'#'8,#Lw#&>2=*#&(5#*+,#'-#.N]'#L(A#&@Y2#l)A#._=@#F,)G#
u#$@+#'@+i)#',2#FB=*#&Z=@#&26=#&a=#F)(&#H%#'B#*+6#&>_#@
H%
#£# #5G#
#`#'5#³#0#£#0Q}#D
M
#U##s`mH I#
"e# ########sæ tay KTTL * PhÇn 2 - c«ng tr×nh thñy lîi * TËp 1
u#$@+#'@+i)#',2#FB=*#&Z=@#&26=#&a=#F)(&#H%#'B#*+6#&>_#@
H%
#># #5G#
# #'5#
³
#0#
£
#0Q}#D
M
##s`mH`I#
p%)#&>z'#7S'#'8,#T@X:#=-+#@2W'#'8,#@;=*#Lw#=r5#F2=*#F2=*#3X+#.NO=*#5k:#=NX'#
&@?#L(A#&>2=*#:@\5#3+G#
#e'5#
³
#0#
£
#0Q"#D
M
##s`mHeI#
n@;=@#:@a=#@\&#'8,#LX:#*+g,#3;#LX:#7NX+#'^=*#&>2=*#&a=*#.45#0,#LX:#.N]'#K6'#
._=@#&@Y2#'6'#AP)#'a)#F,)G#
,I#G+6#&>_#'8,#@4#F-#*+g,#LX:#
#T
*
#
£
# 0##s`mHhI#
0I#no#F-#*+g,#'6'#.\+#LN]=*#3i#.E#T@<=*#.C=*#=@(&#'8,#'6'#@\&#
#$
}0/H0
/T
}0/H0
#
£
#H ##s`mH}I#
#
3.2.4. ChiÒu dµy cña c¸c líp ®Öm d-íi gia cè b»ng bª t«ng cèt thÐp
C@+i)#7;A#'8,#&a=*#.45#5E&#LX:#d#7NX+#'6'#&(5#*+,#'-#'B#T@X:#=-+#@M#@2W'#'B#
'6'#Lw#&@26&#=NX'#.N]'#L(A#&>2=*#:@\5#3+G#
#`h#'5#
£
#
d
#
£
#H0D
h0
##s`mH!I#
C@+i)#7;A#&a=*#.45#5E&#LX:#7NX+#*+,#'-#0r=*#0P#&<=*#'-&#&@k:#.t#L+i=#T@-+#3;#L+P=#
&z'Q#@2W'#*+,#'-#0r=*#0P#&<=*#'-&#&@k:#.t#&@Y2#&(5#F,)#.B#.t#0P#&<=*#L(:#TZ=#'6'#T@Y#
=-+Q#.N]'#L(A#&>2=*#:@\5#3+G#
##Hh#'5#
£
#
d
#
£
#e#D
h0
##s`mH"I#
C@+i)#7;A#5w+#LX:#.45#&>2=*#&a=*#.45#@,+#@2W'#0,#LX:#T@+#&@+#'<=*#0r=*#'J#*+X+#
&>P=#56+#7-'#.N]'#L(A#T@<=*#=@~#@J=# 0#'5# +#3X+#.(&#@\&#&@<Q#.6#7D5U#T@<=*#=@~#@J=#
Hh'5# +#3X+#'6&#@\&#LX=m#
#
3.2.5. TÇng ®Öm d-íi gia cè b»ng ®¸
G+,#'-#0r=*#.6#s.6#.tQ#.6#K%:I#&@)E'#L2\+#*+,#'-#@M#3;#5i5#7Î2Q#72#.B#=*2;+#
=@g=*#'@b'#=D=*#'@)=*#=P)#M#5z'#`m mHQ#&a=*#.45#7NX+#*+,#'-#.6#'R=#:@1+#.15#012#
AP)#'a)#T@<=*#0_#KB+#l),#'6'#T@Y#@t=*#'8,#LX:#.6#*+,#'-#7NX+#&6'#7z=*#&@(5#=*N]'#&õ#
:@Z,#56+#7-'#>,#@C#'@b,#&>2=*#'6'#&>NO=*#@]:G#
u#Mc'#=NX'#@C#@\#.E&#=*E#=@,=@#'@B=*U#
u#n6'#.E=*#FB=*Q#=@(&#L;#T@+#FB=*#>v&U#
u#pNX'#=*a5#&>2=*#56+#7-'#'B#=*)C=#0t#F)=*#3X+#LN)#LN]=*#T@6#LX=Q#3Z#7z#72##
#################################5N,#>;2m#
#
n^A#&@Y2#'()#&\2#'8,#*+,#'-#.6Q#'()#&\2#'8,#.(8+#7-'#3;#&@<=*#F-#FB=*Q#&a=*#.45#
'B#&@/#*C5#5E&#LX:#@2W'#@,+#LX:Q#&>2=*#.B#TZ'@#&@NX'#@\&#'8,#LX:#.45#.N]'#L(A#=@N#F,)G#
#,I#•X:#.45#&+%:#Kv'#3X+#.(8+#7-'G#
##
Hh"h
D/7
#
£
#h##s`mH|I#
B - §Ëp ®Êt ®¸ "h
n>2=*#.BG#
Hh
D
#u#TZ'@#&@NX'#@\&#'8,#LX:#.45#'B#F-#@\&#=@~#@J=#=B#'@+%5#&o#L4#Hh%#&@Y2#
T@-+#LN]=*#@\&#'8,#LX:#.45U#
7
"h
#u#TZ'@#&@NX'#@\&#.(&#'8,#56+#7-'#'B#F-#@\&#=@~#@J=#=B#'@+%5#&o#L4#"h%#T@-+#
LN]=*#@\&#'8,#56+#7-'m#
#
0I#•X:#.45#&+%:#Kv'#3X+#.6#*+,#'-G#
#
*
Hh"h
D/7
#
£
#H0##s`m 0I#
#n>2=*#.BG#
*
Hh
D
u#.NO=*#TZ=@#@\&#'8,#.6#*+,#'-U#
"h
7
#u#.NO=*#TZ=@#@\&#'8,#LX:#.45#sLX:#LB&I#7NX+#.6#*+,#'-m#
#
'I#$Z'@#&@NX'#@\&#'8,#LX:#.45#&@Y2#.+i)#T+4=#'@_)#&6'#.E=*#FB=*G#
$@+#'@+i)#',2#FB=*#LX=#=@(&#@
5,K
#<#H 0#'5Q#
"h
7e'5
³
#
$@+#'@+i)#',2#FB=*#LX=#=@(&#@
5,K
#=#H 0#¸#`00#'5U#
"h
7h'5
³
#
p%)#56+#7-'#*C5#.(&#@\_=#'B#.E#7Z=@#=@~Q#&@?#&a=*#.45#:@1+#'()#&\2#&@;=@##
#LX:Q#&>2=*#.B#LX:#.45#&+%:#*+6:#3X+#.(8+#7-'#:@1+#'B#0i#7;A#LX=#@J=#Hh#'5m#
na=*#.45#7NX+#*+,#'-#0r=*#.6#T@<=*#'@o#L;#LX:#'@)A/=#&+%:#&>)=*#*+,=#*+g,#.6#*+,#
'-#3X+#.(8+#7-'#'a=#012#34Q#5;#'R=#L;5#'@b'#=D=*#&a=*#LS'#=*N]'m#
n@Y2#=*@+P=#'b)#>(&#'J#01=#'8,#3+4=#Fü#IF&<5+=,#xmXQ#&+P)#'@)È=#./#Lc,#'@S=#39&#
L+4)#&a=*#.45#=@+i)#LX:#s # ¸#`#LX:I#L;#@4#F-#T@<=*#.C=*#=@(&#'8,#'(:#:@-+#@\&##
sh#=#7
}0
/7
H0
I#3;#@4#F-#l),=#@4#TZ'@#&@NX'#@\&#'8,#@,+#LX:#Ti#=@,)#s
h0 h0
s D/7I
x= Q#&>2=*#
.B#7
}0
Q#7
H0
#L;#.NO=*#TZ=@#@\&#&>2=*#'(:#:@-+#'B#F-#@\&#=@~#@J=#=B#'@+%5#&o#L4#&NJ=*#b=*#
L;#}0%#3;#H0%#&@Y2#T@-+#LN]=*U#D
h0
Q#7
h0#
u#.NO=*#TZ=@#&>)=*#0?=@#'8,#LX:#@\&#LX=#3;#LX:#
@\&#=@~#Ti#=@,)m#n>2=*#5E&#F-#&>NO=*#@]:#'R=#Fy#7z=*#'@o#&+P)#
}0 e0
'D/7
x= Q#*S+#L;#@4#
F-#&o#L4#TZ'@#&@NX'#@\&#'8,#@,+#LX:#&+%:#Kv'#=@,)m#
$@+#&@+%&#T%#&a=*#.45#3;#&a=*#LS'#=*N]'#&>2=*#.9:#.(&#.6#'ò=*#=@N#&>2=*#'6'#'<=*#
&>?=@#&@8A#=B+#'@)=*#M#•+P=#X<#s'òI#&@NO=*#L(A#*+6#&>_#'8,#'6'#@4#F-#hQ#xQ#x'#=@N#F,)G#
##
}0
H0
7
hU
7
h=£
#
#
h0
h0
D
H0
7
x=£
U#
#
}0
e0
D
' H0
7
x=£
#
¸
#Hhm#
"}# ########sổ tay KTTL * Phần 2 - công trình thủy lợi * Tập 1
n>)=*#Q)-'#3;#5E&#F-#=NX'#:@NJ=*#n[A#Fy#7z=*#@4#F-#x''#3X+G#
# h
7
D
''
"h
Hh
Ê=x ##
&NJ=*#&c#@4#F-#l),=#@4#TZ'@#&@NX'#LX:#.45#&+%:#Kv'#3X+#.(8+#7-'Q#sKY5#'<=*#&@b'#`mH|Im#
C@+i)#7;A#5w+#LX:#&>2=*#&a=*#.45#=@+i)#LX:#.N]'#L(A#H0#á#Hh#'5m#
Br=*#=*@+P=#'b)#&@c'#=*@+45Q#S,=T+=#PmA#&@(A#>r=*Q#./#.15#012#t=#._=@#'8,#LX:#
*+,#'-Q#&a=*#.45#5E&#LX:#:@1+#'B#.E#7;A#LX=#@J=#&a=*#.45#=@+i)#LX:Q#72#.B#=%)#'@o#
'@S=#&a=*#.45#&@Y2#.+i)#T+4=#"T@<=*#0_#'@)+#LS&"#l),#'6'#@4#F-#hQ#xQ#x'#M#&>P=#&@?#Fẽ#
T@<=*#T+=@#&%m#n>P=#l),=#.+/5#.B#S,=T+=#.#.i#=*@_#K6'#._=@#@4#F-#x#&@Y2#'<=*#&@b'G#
##
h0
&
0Q H
D
h0
h0
D
H
Y
7
x=Ê
j
#s`m HI#
n>2=*#.BG#&#u#&t=*#'@+i)#7;A#'8,#&a=*#.45U#j#u#@4#F-#&@c'#=*@+45#:@z#&@)E'#3;2#
&@<=*#F-#FB=*#3;#@4#F-#56+#7-'Q#K6'#._=@#=@N#F,)G#T@+# @/
l
#Hh#L(A#*+6#&>_#j#&@Y2#.C#&@_#
@?=@#`ueU#T@+ @/
l
<#Hh#L(A#*+6#&>_#&Z=@#&26=#sj
&
I#&@Y2#'<=*#&@b'G#
#
j
&
#=#
j
#u#0Q`` Hh
@
l
ổử
-
ỗữ
ốứ
#s`m I#
n>2=*#.BG#j#.N]'#&>,#&@Y2#.C#&@_#@?=@#`uem#
#
#
#
Hình 3-4. Đồ thị xác định hệ số
j
#
#
C<=*#&@b'#&Z=@#'@+i)#7;A#&a=*#.45#=@+i)#LX:#&@Y2#S,=T+=#PmA#
##&#=#HH#D
h0
#L*#
h0
h0
D
H 7
ổử
j
ì
ỗữ
ốứ
#s`m `I#
B - Đập đất đá "!
$%&#'()#&a=*#.45#K6'#._=@#&@Y2#'6'#'<=*#&@b'#s`m HI#á#s`m `I#'R=#:@1+#&@21#5=#
.+i)#T+4=G#
##
h0
h0
h0
h0
D
HeQ"
7
D
L* 0Qe h
H 7
ỹ
ù
j
ù
ý
ổử
j
ù
ì
ỗữ
ù
ốứ
ỵ
#s`m eI#
n@Y2#S,=T+=Q#=%)#T@<=*#&@~,#5=#.+i)#T+4=#s`m eI#Fẽ#'B#@+4=#&N]=*#'@)A/=#7O+#
@\&#'8,#&a=*#.45Q#=*@q,#L;#@+4=#&N]=*#'6'#@\&#=@~#'@)+#3;2#Tẽ#@t=*#'8,#LX:#@\&#LX=m#
n>2=*#&>NO=*#@]:#*+,#'-#0r=*#.6#K%:#&@?#'B#&@/#Fy#7z=*#&a=*#.45#5E&#LX:#3X+#
TZ'@#&@NX'#&>)=*#0?=@#'8,#@\&#&a=*#.45#L(A#&@Y2#l)A#._=@#F,)G#
##7
h0
#=#s0Q #
á
#0Q hI#D##s`m hI#
n>2=*#.BG#7
h0
#u#.NO=*#TZ=@#&>)=*#0?=@#'8,#@\&#&a=*#.45U#
D#u#.NO=*#TZ=@#&>)=*#0?=@#'8,#.6#K%:m#
C@+i)#7;A#&a=*#.45#5E&#LX:#'B#&@/#K6'#._=@#&@Y2#'<=*#&@b'#s`m `IQ#&>2=*#.B#D
h0
#
3;#7
h0#
&NJ=*#b=*#L;#.NO=*#TZ=@#&>)=*#0?=@#'8,#.6#K%:#3;#'8,#'(:#:@-+#&a=*#.45m#
nZ=@#&26=#*+,#'-#&@Y2#'<=*#&@b'#s`m `I#.N]'#6:#7z=*#'@2#&>NO=*#@]:#7R=*#&@(5#
'B#:@NJ=*#3)<=*#*B'#@2W'#*a=#3)<=*#*B'#3X+#56+#7-'#&@Y2#.+i)#T+4=#T@<=*#K1A#>,#@+4=#
&N]=*#@\&#&a=*#.45#'@)+#l),#T@Y#@M#'8,#LX:#.6#*+,#'-m#
n>2=*#&>NO=*#@]:#&6'#.E=*#&@NO=*#K)AP=#'8,#FB=*#3X+#'6'#:@,#FB=*#LY2#LP=#56+#
7-'#3;#FB=*#>v&#K)-=*Q#&@?#Fẽ#@?=@#&@;=@#Fc#'@)A/=#.E=*#'8,#7R=*#'@1A#7S'#&@Y2#56+#
7-'#0,2#*C5#7R=*#'@1A#7S'#&@Y2#LX:#*+,#'-#3;#7S'#&@Y2#&a=*#.45m#Sc#'@)A/=#.E=*#7S'#
'8,#7R=*#'@1A#'B#&@/#*[A#KB+#=*a5#3^=*#&+%:#*+6:#*+g,#LX:#.45#3X+#LX:#*+,#'-#*S+#L;#
@+4=#&N]=*#KB+#=*a5#&+%:#Kv'#7S'm#
{+i)#T+4=#t=#._=@#'8,#@\&#&a=*#.45#T@<=*#0_#KB+#=*a5#&+%:#Kv'#7S'#.N]'#0+/)#&@_#
0M+#l),=#@4G#
## J
7
#<#J
:@##
s`m }I#
n>2=*#.BG#J
7
#3;#J
:@
#&NJ=*#b=*#L;#*>,.+,=#&@(5#&+%:#Kv'#7S'#&@c'#&%#3;#*>,.+,=#&@(5#
&+%:#Kv'#7S'#:@6#@2\+m#
G+6#&>_#'8,#J
7
#'B#&@/#K6'#._=@#&@Y2#'<=*#&@b'#S,=T+=#PmAG#
##
T
h0
H
=
D
7
J HQhm@Y
ổử
d
-
ỗữ
ốứ
ồ
= #s`m !I#
ở
#.[AG#@#u#'@+i)#',2#FB=*#s5IU#
####T#u#F-#LX:#'8,#&a=*#.45U#
####
d
#u#'@+i)#7;A#5w+#LX:#'8,#&a=*#.45U#
####D
h0
#u#.NO=*#TZ=@#&>)=*#0?=@#'8,#'(:#:@-+#@\&#&>2=*#LX:#.45U#
##=#u#@4#F-#&@c'#=*@+45Q#=#=#0Q H# +#3X+#LX:#.45#.C=*#'@(&Q#=#=#0Q`0# +##
##########3X+#LX:#.45#T@<=*#.C=*#'@(&m#
""# ########sổ tay KTTL * Phần 2 - công trình thủy lợi * Tập 1
G+6#&>_#*>,.+,=#&@(5#&+%:#Kv'#:@6#@2\+#J
:@
#.N]'#K6'#._=@#&@Y2#.C#&@_#@?=@#`uhm#
p*2;+#>,Q#TZ'@#&@NX'#@\&#'8,#&a=*#.45#L;5#'@b'#=D=*#LX:#LS'#.N]'#L(A#&@Y2#l)A#
._=@G#7
h0
#=#0QHh#á#H#55# +#3X+#LX:#.45#@\&#=@~#3;#D
h0
#=#H#á#`Qh#55# +#3X+#LX:#.45#
@\&#LX=m#
#
Hình 3-5. Đồ thị xác định građian phá hoại J
ph
#
3.3. Thiết kế gia cố bằng đá
3.3.1. Tổng quát
n>2=*#&>NO=*#@]:#3^=*#K[A#7c=*#'B#.8#.6#3i#T@-+#LN]=*#3;#'@(&#LN]=*#&@?#@?=@#
&@b'#*+,#'-#0r=*#.6#>(&#&@Z'@#@]:Q#'@2#:@k:#Fy#7z=*#.N]'#39&#L+4)#&\+#'@w#Z&#&-=#Tk5m#
{6#*+,#'-#'B#&@/#.N]'#'@S=#LS'#@2W'#T@<=*#'@S=#LS'm#{6#'@S=#LS'#.R+#@~+#T@[)#
'<=*#&6'#Lc,#'@S=#.6Q#=@N=*#T@1#=D=*#t=#._=@#'@-=*#&>N]&#L\+#',2#@J=Q#72#.B#'@+i)#7;A#
'8,#LX:#*+,#'-#Fẽ#=@~#@J=#F2#3X+#LX:#*+,#'-#0r=*#.6#T@<=*#'@S=#LS'm#
{/#012#34#56+#7-'#.(&#'@-=*#F\&#LM#0M+#&6'#7z=*#'8,#FB=*#@,A#7R=*#'@1A#&@NO=*#
Fy#7z=*#:@t#0+%=#L2\+#*+,#'-#0r=*#.6#T@<=*#'@S=#LS'm#
G+,#'-#0r=*#.6#'@S=#LS'#'@o#6:#7z=*#&>2=*#5E&#F-#&>NO=*#@]:#'6#0+4&#T@+#'B#.8#F-#
.6#'a=#&@+%&#M#T@)#3c'#K[A#7c=*#3;#'B#L)9=#'b#T+=@#&%#Tq#&@)9&#&@Z'@#.6=*m#
{6#.t#T@<=*#'@S=#LS'#./#012#34#56+#7-'#0r=*#.(&#'6#.(Z=@#.N]'#&@+#'<=*#
LP=#&>P=#LX:#.45#0r=*#39&#L+4)#.(&#@\&#&@<m#
$@+#&@+%&#T%#*+,#'-#0r=*#.6#.t#T@<=*#'@S=#LS'#'a=#K6'#._=@#'6'#&@<=*#F-#.W'#
&>N=*#F,)#.[AG#
HI#$Z'@#&@NX'#&Z=@#&26=#&-+#&@+/)#'8,#3+P=#.6#&>2=*#T@-+#.6#.t#&@Y2#.+i)#T+4=#t=##
####._=@#7NX+#&6'#.E=*#'8,#FB=*U#
I#$Z'@#&@NX'#&Z=@#&26=#'8,#'6'#3+P=#.6#.N]'#Fy#7z=*#./#&\2#>,#@4#&@-=*#T@)=*##
####0,2#l),=@#'6'#<#=@r5#012#34#T@-+#.6#.t#'f#@\&#=@~#@J=#M#0P=#&>2=*#<Q#.C=*##
####&@O+#.15#012#Fc#t=#._=@#'@)=*#'@2#&2;=#0E#T%&#'()#*+,#'-#7NX+#&6'#.E=*#FB=*U#
B - Đập đất đá "|
`I#C@+i)#7;A#'8,#LX:#.6#.t#&@Y2#.+i)#T+4=#t=#._=@#7NX+#&6'#.E=*#FB=*U#
eI#ổ=#._=@#'@)=*#'8,#LX:#*+,#'-#:@1+#T/#.%=#T@1#=D=*#0B'#&6'@#'6'#3+P=#.6#T@~+#
LX:#*+,#'-#72#'6'#Lc'#&6'#7z=*#T@6'#=@,)Q#3Z#7z#M#3^=*#T@Z#@9)#'B#0D=*#*+6#L;#Lc'#L<+#
')-=#'8,#0D=*#T@+#5c'#=NX'#@C#>v&#K)-=*Q#'R=#M#.+i)#T+4=#0?=@#&@NO=*#L;#Lc'#L<+#')-=#
'8,#FB=*#T@+#FB=*#>v&Q#3m3mmm#
n@Y2#&;+#L+4)#&@-=*#TP#&@c'#&%Q#T@+#Fy#7z=*#*+,#'-#0r=*#.6#.t#T@<=*#'@S=#LS'##
./#012#34#56+#7-'#.(&#'@-=*#&6'#.E=*#KB+#LM#'8,#FB=*#3;#7R=*#'@1AQ#@+4)#l)1#T+=@#&%#u#
Tq#&@)9&#Fẽ#L;#&-+#N)#=%)#@4#F-#56+#7-'#5W&#=*2;+#'8,#LX:#*+,#'-#0r=*#@2W'#LX=#@J=#`##
s5
=
##`Im#
#
3.3.2. Tính gia cố bằng đá đổ
G+,#'-#0r=*#.6#.t#T@<=*#'@S=#LS'#'B#N)#.+/5#L;#Fy#7z=*#.N]'#:@NJ=*#&+4=#&@+#
'<=*#'J#*+X+Q#'@2#:@k:#=[=*#',2#=D=*#F)(#>v&#=*j=#&@O+#*+,=#K[A#7c=*m#x?#39A#@?=@#
&@b'#*+,#'-#0r=*#.6#.t#T@<=*#'@S=#LS'#@+4=#=,A#.N]'#6:#7z=*#:@t#0+%=#=@(&Q#.W'#0+4&#
T@+#T@-+#LN]=*#*+,#'-#LX=m#
$Z'@#&@NX'#&Z=@#&26=#=@~#=@(&#'8,#3+P=#.6#D
5+=
#s5I#.N]'#l)A#.t+#&@;=@#@?=@#'a)#
+#3X+#*+,#'-#0r=*#.6#.t#T@<=*#'@S=#LS'#3;#@4#F-#56+#7-'#&>2=*#:@\5#3+#5#=# #á#h#
.N]'#K6'#._=@#&@Y2#'<=*#&@b'G#
##
H%
H% ,
5+=@
@H% .,
@
Q"5 0Q"
D0QH C s5H0I
5HQ"5H
g
-
=+ì
+g-g
#s`m "I#
#n>2=*#.BG#
C#u#@4#F-#'1=#&@8A#Lc'Q#L(A#0r=*#0Q #T@+#.NO=*#TZ=@#3+P=#.6#LX=#@J=#Hh'5#3;#
'@+i)#',2#FB=*#&>P=#0Qh5U#
5
@H%#
u
#
.E#7-'#'8,#FB=*#b=*#3X+#&a=#F)(&#H%#3;#.N]'#L(A#0r=*#!# +#3X+#FB=*#M#
@C#'@b,U#
g
,
#u#7)=*#&>S=*#=NX'#'B#@;5#T@Z#&>2=*#7R=*#'@1A#72#FB=*#3w#.9:#3;2#56+#7-'#
.6#.tQ#L(A#0r=*#0Q"*/'5
`
U#
#
g
.
#u#7)=*#&>S=*#3+P=#.6m#
#
{NO=*#TZ=@#3+P=#.6#D
5+=
#&Z=@#&@Y2#'<=*#&@b'#s`m "I#.N]'#6:#7z=*#'@2#'6'#3+P=#.6#
&@)E'#'(:#:@-+#@\&#=@~#=@(&#&>2=*#T@-+#*+,#'-#.6#.t#&@Y2#.+i)#T+4=#T@<=*#0_#>J+#LS&#
K)-=*#7NX+#LX:#*+,#'-#l),#'6'#T@Y#@Mm#C<=*#&@b'#s`m "I#'ũ=*#6:#7z=*#'@2#&>NO=*#@]:#
FB=*#&6'#7z=*#&@)E'#T@)#3c'#FB=*#.t#s3^=*#III#&>P=#FJ#.C#:@[=#3^=*#FB=*IQ#&>2=*#.B#'6'#
3+P=#.6#=r5#M#&N#&@%#'B#5E&#=y,#.NO=*#TZ=@#=@<#>,#T@~+#5W&#'j&#=*,=*#'8,#LX:#*+,#'-m#
#$Z'@#&@NX'#3+P=#.6#./#&\2#>,#T@)=*#0,2#l),=@#'6'#<#.6#.t#3;#*+g#t=#._=@#'@)=*#
'@2#LX:#*+,#'-#&>P=#56+#7-'#'B#@4#F-#56+#5#=# #á#h#.N]'#&Z=@#&@Y2#'<=*#&@b'G#
#
`
@%
,
0H%
.,
5
5HQ"
D HQhCm@ 0Qh
5sHQ"HIsI
ổử
g
+
=+ì
ỗữ
ỗữ
-g-g
ốứ
#s`m |I#
|0# ########sổ tay KTTL * Phần 2 - công trình thủy lợi * Tập 1
#n>2=*#.BG#
C#u#@4#F-#'1=#&@8A#Lc'Q#L(A#0r=*#0Q # +#3X+#.6#'B#TZ'@#&@NX'#LX=#@J=#Hh'5#3;##
###'@+i)#',2#FB=*#&>P=#H#5U#
g
,
#u#7)=*#&>S=*#=NX'#'B#@;5#T@Z#'@1A#>,#T@~+#LX:#*+,#'-#F,)#T@+#FB=*#>v&Q#
####
g
,
#=H0#Tp/5
`#
sH*/'5
`
Im#
##
C6'#'<=*#&@b'#s`m "I#3;#s`m |I#L;#=@g=*#'<=*#&@b'#.N]'#Fy#7z=*#&>2=*#Q)A#:@\5#
&@+%&#T%#*+,#'-#.6#.t#T@<=*#'@S=#LS'#'8,#+P=#X<#s'ũI#[ |]m#
p*2;+#>,Q#&>P=#'J#FM#=*@+P=#'b)#.+i)#T+4=#t=#._=@#'[=#0r=*#'8,#.6#3;#&t=*#T%&#Fc#
L;5#3+4'#&@c'#&%#'8,#LX:#*+,#'-#0r=*#.6#.tQ#=@+i)#&6'#*+1#.#.i#=*@_#'6'#'<=*#&@b'#T+=@#
=*@+45#./#&Z=@#&26=#*+,#'-#0r=*#.6m#DNX+#.[A#L;#5E&#F-#'<=*#&@b'#&@,5#T@12m#
#
1. Công thức tính trọng l"ợng viên đá trong kết cấu gia cố bằng đá đổ
C<=*#&@b'#S,=T+=#PmAG#
#
ộự
g
+
=ì
ờỳ
g-+
ờỳ
ởỷ
`
`
.
.
Am@
H5
Q
sHI5s5 I
##s`m`0I#
n>2=*#.BG#
A#u#@4#F-#&@c'#=*@+45#:@z#&@)E'#3;2#&@<=*#F-#FB=*Q# A# =#!Q #T@+#
Hh
@
l
<
U#
####A#=#"Q #T@+#
Hh
@
l
>
U#
g
.
#u#7)=*#&>S=*#.6#sn/5
`
IU#
@Q#
l
u#&NJ=*#b=*#L;#'@+i)#',2#FB=*#3;#0NX'#FB=*U#
5#u#@4#F-#56+#7-'m#
#
C<=*#&@b'#l)A#:@\5#CHm| u}0#'8,#+P=#X<#s'ũIG#
#
.
`
.
@
Q
sIH5
mgl
=hg
g-g-+
#s`m`HI#
n>2=*#.BG#
g
.
Q#
g
=
u#&NJ=*#b=*#L;#7)=*#&>S=*#.6#3;#7)=*#&>S=*#=NX'#sn/5
`
IU#
m
#u#@4#F-#T+=@#=*@+45#T/#.%=#TZ'@#&@NX'#3+P=#.6Q#
m
#=#0Q0H!# +#3X+#.6#=@~Q##
###
m
#=#0Q0h# +#3X+#.6#LX=U#
h
#u#@4#F-#,=#&2;=Q#
h
#=# Q0# +#3X+#.6#T@<=*#'@S=#LS'Q#
h
#=#HQh# +#3X+#.6#'@S=#LS'm#
B - Đập đất đá |H
C<=*#&@b'#l)A#:@\5#'8,#n>)=*#Q)-'#[e]G#
#
` /"`/h
h0
,
@
QH Q s05I
H
&@
=
p
ộự
ờỳ
ởỷ
##s`m` I#
n>2=*#.BG#
H#u#.E#F[)#=NX'#&>2=*#@C#M#&>NX'#.9:Q#&Z=@#0r=*#5k&#s5IU#
,#3;#0#u#'6'#@4#F-Q#L(A#&@Y2#01=*#`uHQ#:@z#&@)E'#3;2#@4#F-#56+#7-'#5U##
@#3;# #u#'@+i)#',2#FB=*#3;#'@+i)#7;+#0NX'#FB=*#s5Im#
#
Bảng 3-1. Giá trị của các hệ số a, b
m 2 2,25 2,5 3,0 5,0
a 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,33
b 0,75 0,75 0,75 0,75 1,00
##
C(:#:@-+#.6#*+,#'-#&Z=@#&@Y2#'<=*#&@b'#`m` #.N]'#'@S=#&@Y2#l)A#._=@#F,)G#
#
5,Kh0
5+=h0
Qs` ~ eIQ
HH
Q~Q
eh
=
ỹ
ù
ý
ổử
=
ỗữ
ù
ốứ
ỵ
#s`m` I#
n>2=*#.BG#
Q
5,K
Q#Q
5+=
#u#&>S=*#LN]=*#'8,#3+P=#.6#LX=#=@(#=@~#=@(&#&>2=*#T@-+#.6#*+,#'-Q#
&Z=@#0r=*#&(=#snIU#
Q
h0#
u#&>S=*#LN]=*#&>)=*#0?=@#'8,#3+P=#.6m#
2. Công thức tính chiều dày gia cố bằng đá đổ
C<=*#&@b'#S,=T+=#PmA#
#
.
5H
& @
5s5 I
g+
=ì
g-g+
##s`m``I#
C<=*#&@b'#I>+0,>>Y=#3;#p,@,LYF#
#
.
5H
&0Q h
5H
g+
=ì
g-g-
##s`m`eI#
C<=*#&@b'#l)A#:@\5#n>)=*#Q)-'#
#
H/`
5,K
7
Q
&
0Q!h
ộự
=
ờỳ
g
ởỷ
#s`m`hI#
| # ########sæ tay KTTL * PhÇn 2 - c«ng tr×nh thñy lîi * TËp 1
C<=*#&@b'#B2j+Tm#Rm$#
#
.
5H
& 0Qe @
5
g+
=×
g-g
##s`m`}I#
C<=*#&@b'#B273+=#X#
#
`
.
H
& 0Q}` 0QHh
5 0Q"
g
=×-
g-g-
##s`m`!I#
C<=*#&@b'#PNFT+=#BmA#
#
.
5H
& 0Q H@
5
g+
=h×
g-g
#s`m`"I#
n>2=*#.BG#h#u#@4#F-#,=#&2;=Q#L(A#:@z#&@)E'#3;2#'(:#'<=*#&>?=@#=@N#F,)G#
#
CÊp c«ng tr×nh I II III IV vµ V
h
1,5 1,4 1,3 1,2
#
p*2;+#>,Q#*+62#FN#PNFT+=#BmA#'R=#Fy#7z=*#T@6+#=+45#.NO=*#TZ=@#&Z=@#.t+#s7'I#K6'#
._=@#&@Y2#0+/)#&@b'G#
#
.
.
&
7'
@
g-g
=×
g
#s`m`|I#
G+6#&>_#'8,#7'#&Z=@#>,#*a=#0r=*#&>_#&>)=*#0?=@#'8,#'6'#3+P=#.6Q#3?#39A#'B#&@/#K6'#
._=@#'@+i)#7;A#LX:#*+,#'-#.6#.t#0r=*#'<=*#&@b'G#
#
.
.
&@7'
g-g
=h
g
#s`me0I#
n>_#F-#7'#.N]'#L(A#&@Y2#@4#F-#56+#7-'#=@N#F,)G#
#
m 2 3 4 5 6
d' 0,33 0,27 0,25 0,24 0,23
#
C@+i)#7;A#LX:#*+,#'-#.6#.t#s&I#&>2=*#5S+#&>NO=*#@]:#:@1+#T@<=*#=@~#@J=#@,+##
La=#.NO=*#TZ=@#&Z=@#&26=#'8,#3+P=#.6#s7
&
IQ#=*@q,#L;#&# ³# 7
&
Q#.C=*#&@O+#:@1+#&@21#5∙=##
.+i)#T+4=m#
#
.
`
.
Q
& Qh³
g
##s`meHI#
n>2=*#.BG#
Q
.
#u#&>S=*#LN]=*#'8,#3+P=#.6U##
g
.
#u#7)=*#&>S=*#'8,#.6#.tm#
#
B - §Ëp ®Êt ®¸ |`
n@Y2# "St#&,A#&@+%&#T%#&@8A#'<=*"#'8,#•+P=# X<#s'òIQ#&@;=@#:@a=#@\&#'8,#.6#.t#
T@<=*#'@S=#LS'#&>2=*#T%&#'()#*+,#'-#.6#.t#:@1+#'@b,#T@<=*#7NX+#h0%#&@Y2#&@/#&Z'@#.6#
'B#.NO=*#TZ=@#&Z=@#&26=#LX=#=@(&#D
0
Q#T@<=*#7NX+# h%#&@Y2#&@/#&Z'@#.6#'B#TZ'@#&@NX'#
&>2=*#:@\5#3+#*+g,#.NO=*#TZ=@#.6#&Z=@#&26=#LX=#=@(&#D
0
#3;#=@~#=@(&#D
5+=
#3;#T@<=*#3N]&#
l)6# h%#&@Y2#&@/#&Z'@#.6#'B#TZ'@#&@NX'#=r5#=*2;+#*+X+#@\=#&Z=@#&26=#[&@Y2#'6'#'<=*#
&@b'#s`m "I#3;#s`m |I]m#
$@+#&@+%&#T%#&t#'@b'#&@+#'<=*#LX:#*+,#'-#.6#.t#'a=#'@v#ý#.%=#'6'#*+1+#:@6:#'<=*#
=*@4#'B#T@1#=D=*#.15#012#Fc#:@[=#0-#.i)#'(:#:@-+#.6#&>P=#5W&#'j&#=*,=*#3;#&>P=#&2;=#
0i#5W&#LX:#*+,#'-m#
C@+i)#7;A#LX:#*+,#'-#0r=*#.6#T@<=*#'@S=#LS'#.N]'#K6'#._=@# +#3X+#.+i)#T+4=#
'@_)#&6'#.E=*#FB=*#&@Y2#l),=#@4#F,)G#
#&#=#s #
¸
# QHID
0
##s`me I#
n\+#*+X+#@\=#7NX+#'8,#LX:#*+,#'-#0r=*#.6#.t#=P=#L;5#*-+#&c,#&@Y2#@?=@#&@b'#LD=*#
&>z#.6#@2W'#&>z#0P#&<=*#'-&#&@k:Q#@2W'#@?=@#&@b'#T%&#'()#'@)A/=#&+%:#./#&\2#:@1=#Lc'#&c,#
T%&#@]:#3X+#*+,#'-#=@V#sKY5#@?=@#`u}Im#
#
3.3.3. Gia cè b»ng ®¸ xÕp
G+,#'-#0r=*#.6#K%:#@,A#'R=#*S+#L;#.6#K[A#T@,=#sT@<=*#'B#3g,I#.R+#@~+#&@+#'<=*#
0r=*#:@NJ=*#:@6:#&@8#'<=*Q#72#.B#'@(&#LN]=*#*+,#'-#:@z#&@)E'#3;2#&,A#=*@i#'8,#&@]#
K[A#7c=*m#n)A#=@+P=#=%)#'@(&#LN]=*#&@+#'<=*#&-&#FÏ#*+15#.N]'#T@-+#LN]=*#.6#*+,#'-Q##
3Z#7z#'@o#'a=#H#u# #LX:#.∙#K%:#F2#3X+#`#LX:#.6#.tm#n@Y2#T+=@#=*@+45#'8,#n>)=*#Q)-'Q#
@+4)#l)1#LX:#*+,#'-#0r=*#.6#.t#7;A#|0#'5#'@o#&NJ=*#.NJ=*#LX:#.6#K%:#`0#¸#eh#'5m#
$Z'@#&@NX'#.6#K%:#&@NO=*#.N]'#'@S=#&NJ=*# +#.C=*#.i)Q#.<+#T@+#'R=#.N]'#.Ï2#
*S&#./#&D=*#.E#T@Z&#'@W&#'8,#LX:#.6#K[A#=@r5#&D=*#t=#._=@#'@2#T%&#'()#*+,#'-m#
{/#T@j'#:@z'#@9)#l)1#Fz:#.t#'1#51=*#LX=Q#LX:#.6#K%:#.N]'#0-#&>Z#&@Y2#<#'B#T@)=*#
0,2#l),=@Q#TZ'@#&@NX'#<#'B#&@/#3)<=*#sH#´#H#5I#@2W'#'@g#=@9&#s0Q"#´#HQh#5IQ#'\=@#<#.W&#
'@k2#&@Y2#56+#7-'#&\2#3X+#:@NJ=*#56+#7-'#3;#:@NJ=*#=r5#=*,=*#*B'#eh
2
m#
#
#
H×nh 3-6. Gia cè b»ng ®¸ xÕp mét líp cã khung b¶o vÖ
Hu#.6#K%:U# u#&a=*#.45U#`u#7a5#0P#&<=*#'-&#&@k:m#
|e# ########sæ tay KTTL * PhÇn 2 - c«ng tr×nh thñy lîi * TËp 1
C@+i)#7;A#'8,#LX:#*+,#'-#.6#K%:#'B#&@/#K6'#._=@#&@Y2#'6'#'<=*#&@b'#F,)G#
C<=*#&@b'#S,=T+=#PmA#
#
7
5H
& Am@
s5HI5
g+
=×
g-g+
##s`me`I#
n>2=*#.BG##
A#u#@r=*#F-Q##
######A#=#HQ!#T@+#
l
/@#<#HQhU##
######A#=#HQ"h#T@+#
l
/@#>#Hhm#
#
C<=*#&@b'#B2j+T#Pm$#
#
5,K
.
0Q`H@
5H
&
5
+
=×
g-g
##s`meeI#
C<=*#&@b'#•):+=KT+#•mM#
#
`
.
Q
&HQ`}=
g
##s`mehI#
n>2=*#.BG#
@
5,K
#u#'@+i)#',2#FB=*#LX=#=@(&U##
Q#u#&>S=*#LN]=*#3+P=#.6#K%:Q#L(A#0r=*#Q#=#HHm$m@
`
U##
$#u#@4#F-Q#0r=*#HQ h#
¸
#HQhU##
@#u#'@+i)#',2#FB=*#&Z=@#&26=m#
#
C<=*#&@b'#&>2=*#"St#&,A#&@+%&#T%#&@8A#'<=*"#'8,#n>)=*#Q)-'#[e]G#
{E#7;A#'8,#LX:#012#34#56+#7-'#0r=*#.6#K[A#T@,=#
#&#=#HQ`}
`
.
Q
g
##s`me}I#
p%)#Fy#7z=*#.6#K%:#T@<=*#l)A#&j'#&@?#.NO=*#TZ=@#&>)=*#0?=@#'8,#3+P=#.6#.N]'#
K6'#._=@#=@N#F,)G#
# D
5
#=#D/0Q"h##s`me!I#
#
G+,#'-#0r=*#.6#K%:#.R+#@~+#=@+i)#=@[=#Lc'#&@8#'<=*Q#&@+#'<=*#&NJ=*# +#:@b'#&\:Q#
72#.B#'@o#Fy#7z=*# +#3X+#'6'#'<=*#&>?=@#=@~Q#T@-+#LN]=*#*+,#'-#T@<=*#LX=m#
n>2=*#&@+%&#T%#FJ#0EQ#*+,#'-#0r=*#.6#'B#&@/#7^=*#'<=*#&@b'#S,=T+=#PmA#./#K6'#
._=@#&>S=*#LN]=*#3;#TZ'@#&@NX'#&Z=@#&26=#'8,#3+P=#.6Q#.C=*#&@O+#'B#&@/#L(A#'@+i)##
7;A#LX:#*+,#'-#&#=# D#=%)#L;#.6#.t#'@S=#LS'#3;#&#=#`D#=%)#L;#.6#.t#T@<=*#'@S=#LS'##
sD#u#.NO=*#TZ=@#&Z=@#&26=#'8,#3+P=#.6Im#
B - Đập đất đá |h
3.4. Thiết kế gia cố bằng lớp phủ bê tông cốt thép đổ liền
khối hoặc đổ theo tấm lớn sau đó lấp kín các khe nối
bằng bê tông
3.4.1. Tính toán ổn định chung của lớp gia cố
ổ=#._=@#'@)=*#'8,#T%&#'()#*+,#'-#'b=*#7\=*#LX:#'@Y#:@8#L+P=#&z'#0r=*#0P#&<=*#'-&#
LNX+#&@k:#.N]'#.6=@#*+6#0M+#T@1#=D=*#'@-=*#.ẩA#&><+#7NX+#&6'#7z=*#'8,#6:#Lc'#=*N]'m#
{+i)#T+4=#t=#._=@#.N]'#.15#012#=%)#'@+i)#7;A#'8,#LX:#*+,#'-#0P#&<=*#'-&#&@k:#T@<=*#
=@~#@J=#*+6#&>_#&Z=@#&@Y2#'6'#'<=*#&@b'#7NX+#.[A#[ |]G#
#
H% HH%
H
e
&H
@=`BsHTI@sHQhTI
` B sBBI'2F
ộự
xyg++y+
ởỷ
d=
ộự
g ga
ởỷ
##s`me"I#
#
H% H%
&
@=`BsHTI@sHQhTI
` BBI'2F
ộự
xyg+-y+
ởỷ
d=
ộự
g-ga
ởỷ
##s`me|I#
n>2=*#'6'#'<=*#&@b'#&>P=G##
@
H%
#u#'@+i)#',2#FB=*#&Z=@#&26=#b=*#3X+#&a=#F)(&#*+B#02#H%#s.J=#3_G#5IU##
x
Q#
y
Q#Tu#'6'#&@,5#F-#.W'#&>N=*#TZ'@#&@NX'#5E&#'@+i)#'8,#0+/)#.C#6:#Lc'#.ẩA####
###########=t+#'8,#FB=*Q#L(A#*+6#&>_#&>2=*#01=*#`u U##
=#u#@4#F-#3N]&#&1+Q#=#=#HQHU##
B
H
#u#T@21=*#'6'@#&ừ#5k:#=NX'#&>P=#56+#7-'#b=*#3X+#5c'#=NX'#&q=@#&Z=@#&26=##
#####.%=#*+X+#@\=#&>P=#'8,#LX:#*+,#'-#0P#&<=*#'-&#&@k:#s&Z=@#0r=*#5k&IU##
B#u#T@21=*#'6'@#*+g,#*+X+#@\=#&>P=#3;#*+X+#@\=#7NX+#'8,#LX:#*+,#'-#&Z=@#&26=Q#s5IU##
g
&
#u#7)=*#&>S=*#'8,#39&#L+4)#*+,#'-#s0P#&<=*#'-&#&@k:IU##
B
#u#T@21=*#'6'@#&ừ#5k:#=NX'#b=*#3X+#5c'#=NX'#&q=@#&Z=@#&26=#.%=#*+X+#@\=##
#####7NX+#'8,#LX:#*+,#'-Q#s5Im#
#
Bảng 3-2. Giá trị của các tham số
x
,
y
, k
Hệ số mái dốc m
H%
P
@
x=
g
H
H%
@
y=
l
H
T
=
l
l
2,0 0,40 1,2 1,2
2,5 0,30 1,2 1,1
3,0 0,30 1,6 1,1
3,5 0,30 1,6 0,9
4,1 - 4,5 0,25 1,9 0,8
Trong bảng 3-2: P - tung độ của biểu đồ áp lực đẩy nổi của sóng;
l
1
, l
2
- kích thGớc một chiều của biểu đồ áp lực đẩy nổi của sóng trên mái dốc.
|}# ########sổ tay KTTL * Phần 2 - công trình thủy lợi * Tập 1
C@+i)#7;A#'8,#LX:#*+,#'-#=*)AP=#T@-+#0r=*#0P#&<=*#'-&#&@k:#sdI#.N]'#L(A#T@<=*#
=@~#@J=#0QH@
H%
Q#&@Y2#'6'#.+i)#T+4=#&(5#'B#LNX+#'-&#&@k:Q#T@X:#=-+#.N]'#.t#0P#&<=*#L(:#
TZ=#3;#.a5#'@W&#.15#012#&Z=@#=*)AP=#T@-+#'8,#T%&#'()#3;#LX:#*+,#'-#.15#012#L;5#3+4'#
0i=#3g=*#L[)#7;+m#
3.4.2. Tính độ bền và biến dạng của lớp gia cố bê tông cốt thép
n@Y2#l)A#:@\5#CH)P#IIu Hm!h#3;#IIuh}u!!#'8,#+P=#X<#s'ũIQ#T%&#'()#*+,#'-#012#
34#56+#7-'#L2\+#&(5#:@8#L+P=#&z'#0r=*#0P#&<=*#'-&#&@k:#.N]'#T+/5#&>,#3i#.E#0i=#3;#0+%=#
7\=*#7NX+#&6'#7z=*#'8,#6:#Lc'#.ẩA#=t+#72#FB=*#&@Y2#*+6#&>_#'c'#.\+#'8,#5<5Y=#)-=#M
5,K
#
3;#Lc'#'j&#Q
5,K
m#C6'#.\+#LN]=*#=;A#.N]'#K6'#._=@#&@Y2#0+/)#.C#&1+#&>S=*#.ẩA#=t+#&@Y2#'6'#
'<=*#&@b'#F,)#[ |]G#
#
`
5,KH%A
K
M@MAK
>
ộ
=gxy-+
ờ
ờ
ở
TsK,T/`IsK,IsK,`I
}
ự
-+
+-
ỳ
ỷ
U#s`mh0I#
#
5,KH%
KH
Q@A sK,$I
> $
ộự
=gxy-+-+
ờỳ
ởỷ
U#s`mhHI#
#
A
e
`
H$$ A
M U
e>`}>
H s$HIhs$HI
A U
|0
TH
,U
`
ỹ
++
=
ù
ù
ù
ộự
-+-
ù
=
ờỳ
ý
ờỳ
ù
ởỷ
ù
-
ù
=+
ù
ỵ
ll
l
l
U##s`mh I#
n>2=*#.BG#
x
Q#
y
Q#$#u#'6'#&@,5#F-#'B# ý#=*@q,#=@N#&>2=*#'6'#'<=*#&@b'#s`me"I#3;#s`me|IQ##
##############*+6#&>_#&NJ=*#b=*#L(A#&@Y2#01=*#`u U##
>#u#&@,5#F-#.W'#&>N=*#l),=#@4#*+g,#&1+#&>S=*#.ẩA#=t+#3;#&>S=*#LN]=*#LX:#*+,#'-m#
#
H%
>@
>
l'2F
x
=
a
##s`mh`I#
M#.[AG#
l#u#&>S=*#LN]=*#.J=#3_#'8,#LX:#*+,#'-#'B#T/#.%=#Lc'#.ẩA#=t+#&q=@#l#=# IUs
&
g-gd ##
a
#u#*B'#=*@+P=*#'8,#56+#7-'Q#s.EIm#
#
{\+#LN]=*#
K
#3;#K#K6'#._=@#&@Y2#'6'#'<=*#&@b'G#
#
>Hs>HI sA>,> 0Qh>TI
K
>
+-+
= ##s`mheI#
#K#=#,#u#$#+#$/>##s`mhhI#
B - Đập đất đá |!
{\+#LN]=*#l#L;#'@+i)#7;+#&NJ=*# +#'8,#:@a=#LX:#*+,#'-#0_#=[=*#LP=#0M+#&1+#&>S=*#
.ẩA#=t+#3;#'B#&@/#.N]'#K6'#._=@#&ừ#.+i)#T+4=#'[=#0r=*#*+g,#'6'#Lc'#&6'#.E=*#LP=#T%&#'()#
*+,#'-Q#'z#&@/#L;G#
$@+#>#
# G## l = 0Qh>#sH#+#$I#
$@+#H#<#>#<# G# l#=#0Qh>sH#+#$I#u#
D
#
n>2=*#.BG#
D
#L;#&@<=*#F-#:@z#&@)E'#3;2#>#3;#$Q#L(A#*+6#&>_#M#01=*#`u`U##
$@+#>#<#HG## l#=#0#
Bảng 3-3. Giá trị của
D
Giá trị D ứng với tham số K
Tham số r
1,2 1,1 1,0 0,9 0,8
1,75 0,020 0,18 0,017 0,018 0,020
1,50 0,083 0,079 0,075 0,079 0,083
1,25 0,186 0,174 0,165 0,174 0,186
#
n>2=*#&>NO=*#@]:#=;A#T@<=*#'a=#T+/5#&>,#.E#0i=#3;#0+%=#7\=*#'8,#T%&#'()#*+,#'-#
0M+#3?#&1+#&>S=*#&6'#.E=*#s6:#Lc'#.ẩA#=t+I#.N]'#'[=#0r=*#3X+#&>S=*#LN]=*#01=#&@[=#'8,#
&(5#*+,#'-Q#5<5Y=#)-=#T@<=*#K)(&#@+4=m#
{/#&>6=@#@+4=#&N]=*#7_'@#'@)A/=#LX:#*+,#'-#&>P=#56+#7-'#'B#&@/#*[A#>,#Fc#0+%=#.t+#
0(&#L]+#3i#'()#&>v'#'8,#.(&#M#:@Z,#7NX+#LX:#*+,#'-Q#'a=#&Z=@#&26=#T+/5#&>,#Fc#0+%=#7\=*#
'z'#0E#'8,#T%&#'()#*+,#'-#7NX+#&6'#7z=*#&1+#&>S=*#.ẩA#=t+#'8,#FB=*m#n>2=*#&>NO=*#@]:#=;A#
.\+#LN]=*#0+%=#7\=*#.;=#@C+#'@2#:@k:#'8,#&(5#&>P=#56+#7-'#sồfI#:@1+#&@~,#5=#.+i)#T+4=G#
#
ồ
f#<#7
h0
##s`mh}I#
n>2=*#.BG#7
h0
#u#.NO=*#TZ=@#&>)=*#0?=@#'8,#'6'#@\&#=r5#:@Z,#7NX+#&(5#*+,#'-m#
#
{E#3õ=*#LX=#=@(&#'8,#&(5#0P#&<=*#'-&#&@k:#.t#L+i=#T@-+#&>P=#56+#7-'#.N]'#K6'#
._=@#&@Y2#'<=*#&@b'G#
#
he
H%
A
@
fMA
D "e"`"e>
ộ
gxy
=+-+
ờ
ờ
ở
ồ
34
lll
`
s ,#+# $/`I
Hee|}$
+-
4
ll -
#
#
e
`
sL/ u,IsL/ #u#,uhIseh,H!I
H 0
`mH 0
ự
-
-+
ỳ
ỷ
###s`mh!I#
n>2=*#.BG##
D#u#.E#'b=*#@?=@#&>z#'8,#&(5Q#D#=#E
&
I/sH#u#
&
I
n
U#
I#u#525Y=#l)6=#&Z=@#'8,#&(5Q#
`
I
H
d
=U#
E
&
#3;#
n
&
#&NJ=*#b=*#L;#52.)=#.;=#@C+#3;#@4#F-#P2,&F2=# +#3X+#39&#L+4)#&(5U#
C6'#TZ#@+4)#'R=#L\+#&NJ=*#&c#=@N#&>2=*#'6'#'<=*#&@b'#s`mh0I#
á
#s`mh Im#
|"# ########sæ tay KTTL * PhÇn 2 - c«ng tr×nh thñy lîi * TËp 1
nZ=@#&26=#'NO=*#.E#s.E#0i=I#'8,#T%&#'()#*+,#'-#0r=*#0P#&<=*#'-&#&@k:#.t#L+i=#T@-+#
.N]'#&+%=#@;=@#&@Y2#FJ#.C#&(5#&>P=#=i=#.;=#@C+m#{W'#&>N=*#=i=#.N]'#L(A#&@Y2#L2\+#.(&#
'8,#56+#7-'#.9:#@2W'#.(&#'8,#56+#7-'#0O#'B#&(5#*+,#'-m#
$@+#&Z=@#'NO=*#.E#'8,#&(5#'@_)#&1+#&>S=*#3,#.9:#'8,#FB=*#&>P=#56+#7-'#'B#&@/#Fy#
7z=*#FJ#.C#5d)#3i#6:#Lc'#FB=*Q#&>2=*#.B#&)=*#.E#LX=#=@(&#'8,#6:#Lc'#FB=*#.N]'##
.W&#&>^=*#3X+#&[5#'8,#&(5#*+,#'-m# C@v# ý#>r=*Q#3_#&>Z#6:#Lc'#FB=*#'c'#.\+#sP#=#P
5,K
I##
T@+#FB=*#.t#T@<=*#&>^=*#3X+#3_#&>Z#'8,#6:#Lc'#=*N]'#LX=#=@(&#sW
=
#=#W
=5,K
I#T@+#FB=*#>v&#
s@?=@#`u!Im#x_#&>Z#'8,#W
=5,K
#&@NO=*#M#.E#F[)#z#=#0Q|@/5#T/#&õ#5c'#=NX'#&q=@#&Z=@#&26=##
s@#u#'@+i)#',2#FB=*#&Z=@#&26=U#5#u#@4#F-#56+#7-'Im#G+6#&>_#'8,#6:#Lc'#=*N]'#LX=#=@(&##
s6:#Lc'#.ÈA#=t+I#'B#&@/#K6'#._=@#&@Y2#'<=*#&@b'G#
# W
=5,K
#=#
5H@e}Q0 +g
l
##s`mh"I#
n>2=*#.BG##
g
#u#7)=*#&>S=*#'8,#=NX'U##
@
l
u#'@+i)#',2#FB=*#LY2U##
5#u#@4#F-#56+#7-'m#
#
n1+#&>S=*#FB=*#7S'#&@Y2#.NO=*#5k:#=NX'#'B#&@/#l)A#NX'#KY5#=@N#:@[=#0-#.i)#3X+#
*+6#&>_#&NJ=*#b=*#0+/)#.C#6:#Lc'#FB=*#&Z=@#&26=m#
n>2=*#&Z=@#&26=#.E=*#@S'# +#3X+#&(5#'B#'@+i)#7;A#:@t#0+%=#H0#¸#e0#'5Q#&a=#F-#
7,2#.E=*#01=#&@[=#&>2=*#:@\5#3+#H00#¸#`00#F
uH
#T@+#&@O+#*+,=#:@6&#&>+/=#'8,#&1+#&>S=*#3,#
.9:#'8,#FB=*#0r=*#0Q0h#¸#0QH#FQ#'@2#:@k:#L(A#@4#F-#.E=*#@S'#0r=*#H#.J=#3_m#
#
#
#
H×nh 3-7. T¸c ®éng sãng trªn m¸i dèc
Hu#0+/)#.C#:@[=#0-#39=#&-'U# u#0+/)#.C#:@[=#0-#6:#Lc'#FB=*#sT@+#FB=*#.tIU##
`u#0+/)#.C#6:#Lc'#=*N]'#s6:#Lc'#.ÈA#=t+#T@+#FB=*#>v&IU##
3u#@NX=*#39=#&-'#T@+#FB=*#.tU#H:u#*+6#&>_#'c'#.\+#'8,#6:#Lc'#FB=*#.tm#
B - §Ëp ®Êt ®¸ ||
3.4.3. CÊu t¹o cña líp gia cè bª t«ng cèt thÐp ®æ liÒn khèi
n@Y2#.+i)#T+4=#0+%=#7\=*#Lv=#u#=@+4#AP)#'a)#&@+#'<=*Q#LX:#*+,#'-#0r=*#0P#&<=*#
'-&#&@k:#L+i=#T@-+#.N]'#'@+,#&@;=@#=@g=*#&(5#'B#TZ'@#&@NX'#5w+#'\=@#&-+#.,#&X+# 0#5#
s@?=@#`u"Im#$@21=*#'6'@#*+g,#'6'#T@X:#=@+4&#u#Lv=#.N]'#L(A#T@<=*#LX=#@J=#e0#¸#}0#5m#
#
#
#
H×nh 3-8. S¬ ®å cÊu t¹o cña gia cè m¸i dèc b»ng tÊm bª t«ng cèt thÐp ®æ liÒn khèi
#
,I#MW�r=*#'8,#T%&#'()#*+,#'-U#0I#C@+#&+%&#:@a=#'@[=#LX:#*+,#'-U##
'I#na=*#LS'#=*N]'#:@Z,#7NX+#T@X:#=-+U##
HQ# u#*+,#'-#=@V#=*2;+#*+X+#@\=#FB=*#LY2U#`u#'J#0P#&<=*U#eu#&(5#0P#&<=*#'-&#&@k:U##
hu#.45#0r=*#0P#&<=*#'-&#&@k:U#}u#&a=*#LS'#=*N]'U#!Q#"u#T@X:#=-+U#|u#Lw#&@26&#=NX'U##
H0u#LNX+#'-&#&@k:U#HHu#LX:#*+,#&1+m#
######
$%&#'()#'@-=*#&@(5#M#'6'#T@X:#=-+#'B#&@/#0r=*#&(5#*w#s.N]'#&È5#'@(&#'@-=*#5-+#
5S#7c=*#=*@+P=*#'\=@#&>2=*#T@Y#=-+IQ#0r=*#.45#',2#F)Q#&(5#,&:@,=Q#=@c,#.NO=*#
&>6&#K+#5D=*#012#34Q#&(5#0P#&<=*#'-&#&@k:Q#@2W'#39&#L+4)#@w=#@]:#=;2#.B#'B#&6'#7z=*#
'@-=*#KB+#T@+#FB=*#3,#.9:#3;#'B#T@1#=D=*#L;5#3+4'#0i=#3g=*#L[)#7;+m#
H?=@#&@b'#*+,#'-#0r=*#LX:#:@8#L+P=#&z'#'B#&@/#*C5#'6'#&(5#0P#&<=*#'-&#&@k:#F,)#
T@+#Lj:#*@k:#&>P=#56+#7-'#FÏ#.N]'#L+P=#T%&#L\+#s0r=*#5-+#@;=#@2W'#5B'#=-+#'-&#&@k:I##
3;#.N]'#L(:#TZ=#T@Y#=-+#0r=*#3g,#@2W'#0P#&<=*m#{/#.15#012#.E#'b=*#'8,#T%&#'()##
*@k:#&>2=*#:@\5#3+#56+#7-'#=*9:#7NX+#=NX'Q#5w+#'\=@#0P=#'8,#&(5#0-#&>Z#Z&#=@(&#@,+#
&@,=@#=-+m#
C@+i)#7;A#'8,#&(5#L+i=#T@-+#.N]'#T+/5#&>,#3i#T@1#=D=*#'@-=*#.ÈA#=t+#&2;=#0E#
&(5#7NX+#&6'#7z=*#'8,#6:#Lc'#=*N]'#&@Y2#0+/)#&@b'#[ !]G#
`00# ########sổ tay KTTL * Phần 2 - công trình thủy lợi * Tập 1
#
`
,
&
5H
0Q0!T@
5 B
g+l
d=ì
g-g
#s`mh|I#
#n>2=*#.BG#
B#u#'@+i)#7;+#&(5#&@Y2#:@NJ=*#3)<=*#*B'#3X+#.NO=*#5k:#=NX'U#
T
,
#u#@4#F-#7c#&>g#s,=#&2;=IQ#T
,#
=#HQ h#
á
#HQhm#
#
p%)#Fy#7z=*#LX:#*+,#'-#0r=*#'6'#&(5#0P#&<=*#'-&#&@k:#*@k:#=-+Q#&@?#F,+#F-#'@2#
:@k:#3i#TZ'@#&@NX'#&(5#F2#3X+#&@+%&#T%#.N]'#L(A#=@N#F,)G#
n@Y2#'@+i)#7;+#3;#'@+i)#>E=*#&(5##
#h#55#
n@Y2#.E#7;A#&(5#####
# Qh%#
n@Y2#'@+i)#7;+#.NO=*#'@k2###
#Hh#55#
n@Y2#T@-+#LN]=*#&(5####u#h%#
n@Y2#'@+i)#7;A#LX:#012#34###+#h#55m#
#
{-+#3X+#&(5#*@k:#=P=#Fy#7z=*#'-&#&@k:#@,+#LX:#./#@\=#'@%#3%&#=b&#&>2=*#l)6#&>?=@#
39=#'@)A/=#@2W'#0-'#7fQ#'ũ=*#=@N#72#Lv=#T@<=*#.i)#'8,#56+#7-'m#xg,#./#L(:#'6'#T@Y#
=-+#=P=#Fy#7z=*#L2\+#39&#L+4)#'B#&Z=@#=M#&@/#&Z'@#&>2=*#l)6#&>?=@#.<=*#T%&m#p*2;+#>,Q#:@Z,#
7NX+#'6'#T@Y#=-+#'B#&@/#7^=*#.45#0P#&<=*#@2W'#39&#L+4)#.45#LB&#=;2#.B#./#&D=*#'@(&#
LN]=*#L+P=#T%&#T@+#.t#3g,#0P#&<=*#3;2#'6'#T@Y#=-+m#
P@Z,#7NX+#'6'#&(5#0P#&<=*#7^=*#LX:#.45#0r=*#.6#7D5#@2W'#'6&#F~+#./#.15#012#
'@2#'6'#&(5#=r5#F6X+#0i#5W8+#7-'m#
#
3.5. Thiết kế gia cố hở bằng tấm bê tông cốt thép lắp ghép
3.5.1. Tính ổn định và c-ờng độ của tấm gia cố
ổ=#._=@#'8,#&(5#*+,#'-#=r5#&c#72#&>P=#56+#7-'#'@_)#&6'#.E=*#'8,#FB=*#:@z#&@)E'#
'@8#A%)#3;2#TZ'@#&@NX'#&(5#&>P=#0?=@#7+4=#3;#.E#7;A#'8,#&(5m#
$Z'@#&@NX'#&(5#&>P=#5W�r=*#.N]'#Lc,#'@S=#'D=#'b#3;2#&>S=*#&1+#'8,#'a=#&>z'#3;#
'6'#&@<=*#F-#Tq#&@)9&#T@6'#'8,#'6'#:@NJ=*#&+4=#=[=*#'@)A/=#'ũ=*#=@N#=D=*#Lc'#F1=#K)(&#
'8,#=@;#56A#0P#&<=*m#
{E#7;A#'8,#&(5#.W&#&c#72#&>P=#56+#7-'Q#'B#@4#F-#56+#s5I#&>2=*#:@\5#3+# #á#hQ#T@+#
&t=*#7+4=#&Z'@#'6'#Lw#&@26&#=NX'#0r=*# Qh#á#}%#&t=*#7+4=#&Z'@#'8,#&(5Q#&1+#&>S=*#&6'#
.E=*#FB=*#'B#T/#.%=#Lc'#.ẩA#=t+#&q=@#3;#@4#F-#3N]&#&1+#=
H
#=#HQ #á#HQ`Q#.N]'#K6'#._=@#
&@Y2#'<=*#&@b'G#
##
g-g
g
ì
a
=d
m$`Q0'2FB
B@=
}Q0
=&
e
&
#s`m}0I#
#n>2=*#.BG#
B - Đập đất đá `0H
=
#u#@4#F-#3N]&#&1+#0t#F)=*Q#L(A#0r=*#HQH# +#3X+#'<=*#&>?=@#'(:#I#
á
# III#&@Y2##
#####.+i)#T+4=#'B#&@/#K)(&#@+4=#FB=*#72#*+B#02#&a=#F)(&#=@~#@J=#H%Q#'6'##
#####&>NO=*#@]:#T@6'#L(A#=
#=#HU#
@
#u#'@+i)#',2#&>)=*#0?=@#'8,#FB=*#b=*#3X+#*+B#02#&Z=@#&26=Q#5U#
B
&
#u#'@+i)#7;+#&NJ=*# +#'8,#'\=@#0P=#'8,#&(5Q#B
&
#=# @B/ U#
B#u#'@+i)#7;+#'\=@#0P=#'8,#&(5#&@Y2#:@NJ=*#3)<=*#*B'#3X+#.NO=*#5k:#=NX'Q#5U#
g
#u#7)=*#&>S=*#'8,#=NX'U#
g
&#
u#7)=*#&>S=*#'8,#39&#L+4)#&(5U#
$
=
#u#@4#F-#=*9:#&NJ=*# +#'8,#&(5#&>2=*#5<+#&>NO=*#=NX'#'B#@;5#T@Z#7NX+#&6'##
#####.E=*#&1+#&>S=*#.ẩA#=t+#&Z=@#&26=Q#L(A#&@Y2#01=*#`uem#
#
Bảng 3-4. Giá trị của hệ số K
n
#
B
t
= @B/ K
n
B
t
= @B/ K
n
< 1,0
1,2 - 1,5
2,2 - 2,8
1,00
0,75
0,67
3,5 - 4,3
5,0 - 6,0
> 6,0
0,6
0,5
0,5
#
n1+#&>S=*#FB=*#7S'#&@Y2#.NO=*#5k:#=NX'#.N]'#&@ừ,#=@9=#:@[=#0-#.i)#3X+#*+6#&>_#
&NJ=*#b=*#3X+#0+/)#.C#6:#Lc'#FB=*#&Z=@#&26=m#
{E#0i=#'8,#&(5#.N]'#&Z=@#&26=#&@Y2#FJ#.C#01=#&>P=#=i=#.;=#@C+#3X+#'6'#&@<=*#F-#
._,#Tq#&@)9&#'8,#.(8+#7-'Q#T@<=*#T/#.%=#&Z=@#=k=#'8,#&a=*#.45#3?#.E#'b=*#'8,#&a=*#
.45#LX=#@J=#>(&#=@+i)#F2#3X+#.E#'b=*#'8,#.(8+#7-'m#
{E#0i=#'8,#&(5#Lj:#*@k:#&>2=*#l)6#&>?=@#0-'#7f#39=#'@)A/=#3;#Lj:#.W&#&>P=#56+#
7-'#.N]'#K6'#._=@#&@Y2#FJ#.C#&Z=@#&26=#._=@#@?=@#'B#T/#.%=#&>S=*#LN]=*#01=#&@[=#'8,#
&(5#3X+#@4#F-#.E=*#@S'#0r=*#HQhm#
CNO=*#.E#'8,#&(5#&>2=*#&>NO=*#@]:#56+#7-'#Lv=#T@<=*#.i)#'B#&@/#.N]'#T+/5#&>,#
&@Y2#FJ#.C#Lc'Q#&>2=*#.B#&(5#'@o#&c,#&>P=#56+#7-'#M#:@a=#*+g,#&>P=#:@\5#3+#H/ #'\=@#0P=#
3;#'@_)#&6'#.E=*#'8,#Lc'#&9:#&>)=*#M#@,+#:@Z,#'B#*+6#&>_#0r=*#H/ #&>S=*#LN]=*#'8,#&(5#
=r5#Ti#=B#s'ũ=*#'B#&@/#Fy#7z=*#FJ#.C#&Z=@#&26=#T@6'# +#3X+#&>NO=*#@]:#Lv=##
T@<=*#.i)Im#
#
3.5.2. Cấu tạo của gia cố hở
$@+#&@+%&#T%#T%&#'()#*+,#'-#@M#'a=#&@,5#T@12#'6'#'@o#7d=# +#3X+#*+,#'-#L+i=#T@-+#
&@)E'#L2\+#&(5#Lj:#*@k:#3X+#5-+#=-+#Lj:#TZ=Q#.C=*#&@O+#'B#Kk&#.%=#'6'#.W'#.+/5#>+P=*#
'8,#L2\+#&(5#Lj:#*@k:#.W&#&c#72m#
`0 # ########sæ tay KTTL * PhÇn 2 - c«ng tr×nh thñy lîi * TËp 1
H?=@#7\=*#&(5#&>P=#5W�r=*#'B#&@/#L;#'@g#=@9&#@2W'#.,#*+6'm#C\=@#7;+#'8,#&(5#
.W&#F2=*#F2=*#3X+#.NO=*#5k:#=NX'#&>P=#56+#7-'U#'6'#&(5#.W&#F2#LY#=@,)#3X+#.E#F2#LY#
0r=*#H/ #TZ'@#&@NX'#'\=@#0P=#./#'6'#T@Y#=-+#T@<=*#&\2#&@;=@#.NO=*#&@¼=*#L+P=#&z'#&õ#
&>P=#K)-=*#7NX+#&@Y2#:@NJ=*#56+#7-'m#n(5#*+,#'-#.N]'#L+P=#T%X+#=@,)#0r=*#T@X:#
01=#Li#@2W'#&@,=@#*+r=*#5-+#=-+#@;=Q#7^=*#&@k:#&>R=#fH}#55m#P@a=#&@k:#LE#>,#=*2;+#./#
=-+#'6'#&(5#.N]'#FJ=#:@8#LX:#39&#L+4)#'@-=*#*o#sl)k&#`#¸#e#LX:Im#
n(5#0P#&<=*#Lj:#*@k:#.N]'#.W&#&>P=#LX:#.45#.a5#'@WX+#0i#5W�r=*#:@¼=*m##
{/#&D=*#t=#._=@#'@2#'6'#&(5Q#56+#7-'#.N]'#Fy#7z=*#L2\+#*+,#'-#0r=*#&(5#Lj:#*@k:#=P=#
L(A#3X+#@4#F-#56+#7-'#0r=*#`Qh#@2W'#LX=#@J=#s5#³#`QhIm#
S,+#F-#'@2#:@k:#3i#TZ'@#&@NX'#&(5#Lj:#*@k:#.N]'#L(A#=@N#&>2=*#5z'#`mem`m#
#
#
#
#
H×nh 3-9. Gia cè m¸i dèc b»ng tÊm bª t«ng cèt thÐp l¾p ghÐp
,I#{W&#&(5#@?=@#'@g#=@9&#&>P=#56+#7-'U##0I#n(5#.,#*+6'U#
Hu#&(5#*+,#'-#012#34#56+#7-'U# u#&a=*#.45#7NX+#&(5#*+,#'-U#`u#.(8+#7-'m#
#
S,+#F-#3i#'@+i)#>E=*#T@X:#=-+#T@<=*#.N]'#l)6# ±#h#55#@2W'#T@<=*#LX=#@J=##
±#H0%#TZ'@#&@NX'#l)A#._=@#&@Y2#&@+%&#T%m#
n>2=*#&>NO=*#@]:#Fy#7z=*#&(5#0P#&<=*#Lj:#*@k:#./#*+,#'-#012#34#56+#7-'#'B#'()#
&\2#.(Ô#0_#=@∙2Q#3Z#7z#.(&#Fk�z+#7\=*#.(&#LX&#s@2;=*#&@tIQ#'6&#@\_=#@2W'#'6�z+Q#
3m3mmmQ#&@?#&a=*#.45#7NX+#'6'#&(5#.N]'#0-#&>Z#&>P=#5E&#LX:#'6&#'f#@\&#T@6'#=@,)#'B#T@1#
=D=*#&+P)#&@26&#=NX'#&@(5m#C@+i)#7;A#LX:#'6&#&@26&#=NX'#3;#'()#&\2#&@;=@#:@a=#@\&#'8,#
=B#.N]'#K6'#._=@#:@z#&@)E'#3;2#&Z=@#'@(&#'8,#.(8+#7-'Q#'6'#&@,5#F-#3i#*+6#&>_#3;#&Z=@#
'@(&#'8,#&1+#&>S=*Q#TZ'@#&@NX'#'8,#&(5#3;#'6'#A%)#&-#T@6'm#C6'#&@<=*#F-#=;A#'B#&@/#K6'#
._=@#0r=*#&@Z#=*@+45m#