De cuong tieng anh 10 hoc ky 2

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UNIT 9. UNDERSEA WORLD
(THẾ GIỚI DƯỚI ĐẠI DƯƠNG)
I. GLOSSARY (Bảng từ vựng)
1. accidental (adj) tình cờ; ngẫu nhiên; bất ngờ
2. Antarctic (adj) (thuộc) Nam cực
3. Artic (adj) (thuộc) Bắc cực
4. at stake (IDM) đang bị đe dọa
Ex: The minister will face the enquiry with his
reputation at stake. (Vị bộ trưởng sẽ phải đối mặt
với cuộc điều tra ảnh hưởng đến uy tín của ơng.)
5. Atlantic (adj) (thuộc) Đại Tây Dương
6. bay (n) vịnh
7. beneath (prep) ở dưới
Ex: They slept outside beneath the stars. (Họ ngủ
ngồi trời bên dưới những vì sao.)
8. biodiversity (n) hệ sinh thái
9. bottom (n) phần dưới cùng; đáy
10. breathe (v) thở; hố hấp
11. calf (n) (pi calves) con bê; voi con; cá voi con;
hươu cao cổ con
12. carnivore (n) động vật ăn thịt
cf herbivore;
omnivore
13. challenge (v) thử thách; thách thức
Ex: The new discovery challenges traditional
beliefs. (Phát hiện mới này thách thức các niềm
tin truyền thống.)
14. commission (n) hội đồng; ủy ban
 International Whaling Commission (n) Ủy
Ban Đánh Bắt Cá Voi Quốc Tế
15. conservation (n) sự giữ gìn; sự bảo tồn; sự bảo

tồn mơi trường tự nhiên
16. contribute (v) (+ to) đóng góp; góp phần
Ex: Many local businesses offered to contribute
to the school rebuilding fund. (Nhiều doanh
nghiệp địa phương đề nghị được đóng góp cho
quỹ tái thiết ngôi trường.)
17. depth (n) chiều sâu; bề sâu; độ dày
 the depths (n) (pi) (literary) những khu vực
sâu nhất của đại dương; đáy đại dương
18. device (n) dụng cụ; thiết bị; máy móc
19. diet (n) thức ăn; chế độ ăn uống
20. discard (v) bỏ; loại bỏ; vứt bỏ
21. dispose of (phrv) vứt bỏ; tống khứ
Ex: Please dispose of all litter in the container
provided. (Vui lòng bỏ rác vào thùng.)
22. dolphin (n) cá heo
23. due (adj) (to sth/sb) vì; do; bởi (ai / cái gì)
Ex: The team’s success was entirely due to her
efforts. (Thành cơng của đội hồn tồn nhờ vào
nỗ lực của cô ấy.)
24. entrap (n) đánh bẫy; đánh lừa
 entrapment (n) sự đánh bẫy; sự đánh lừa
25. fall (v) (+ into/ within) thuộc về một nhóm hoặc

một lĩnh vực nào đó
26. feature (n) nét đặc trưng; nét đặc biệt
27. feeding grounds (n) nơi mà một nhóm động vật
thường đến tìm thức ăn; nơi kiếm ăn
28. fertilizer (n) phần bốn
29. fish (v) câu cá; đánh cá; bắt cá

 fishing (xi) nghề đánh cá; môn câu cá
 fishing line (n) dây câu
 fishnet (n) lưới đánh cá (= fishing net)
30. gestation (n) sự thai nghén
 gestation period (n) thời kỳ thai nghén
31. gulf (n) vịnh (phần biển hoặc đại dương ăn sâu
vào đất liền)
32. habitat (n) môi trường sống
33. herbicide (n) thuốc diệt cỏ
34. Indian (adj) (thuộc) Ấn Độ
35. investigate (v) điều tra; nghiên cứu kỹ
36. jellyfish (n) (pi jellyfish) con sứa
37. lifespan (n) tuổi thọ
38. mammal (n) động vật có vú
39. marine (adj) (thuộc) biển; (thuộc) ngành hàng
hải
40. migrate (v) di trú; di cư
Ex: These birds migrate to North Africa in
winter. (Vào mùa đông, những con chim này di
trú đến Bắc Phi.)
41. mystery (n) điều huyền bí; sự huyền bí
→ mysterious (adj)
42. nurse (v) 1. cho bú (SYN breastfeed) 2. bú
43. offspring (n) (pi offspring) con; hậu duệ
44. organism (n) sinh vật, nhất là những loại rất nhỏ
45. overcome (v) thắng; chiến thắng; tìm cách vượt
qua; khắc phục; đánh bại khó khăn
Ex: What can I do to overcome my fear of flying?
(Tơi có thể làm gì để vượt qua nỗi sợ đi máy
bay?)

46. oversized (adj) quá khổ; ngoại cỡ
47. Pacific (adj) (thuộc) Thái Bình Dương
48. pesticide (n) thuốc trừ sâu
49. pressure (n) sức ép; áp suất; áp lực
50. range (n) phạm vi; lĩnh vực; loại
51. rely on (phrv) dựa vào; cậy vào; nhờ vào
Ex: The museum relies on voluntary donations to
stay open; (Viện bảo tàng tồn tại nhờ vào những
khoản đóng góp tự nguyện.)
52. sample (n) mẫu vật
53. satellite (n) vệ tinh (nhân tạo); truyền hình vệ
tinh
54. seabed (n) đáy biển
55. seal (n) hải cẩu
56. shark (n) cá mập

57. shopper (n) người đi mua hàng; người đi chợ
58. sparingly (adv) với số lượng nhỏ; tiết kiệm; dè
sẻn
59. species (n) (pi species,) loài
Ex: Over 120 species of birds have been recorded
in this National Park. (Hơn 120 loài chim đã
được ghi nhận ở Công viên quốc gia này.)
60. squid (n) mực ống
61. starfish (n) sao hiển
62. submarine (n) tàu ngầm
63. tanker (n) tàu chở dầu
64. tiny (adj) nhỏ xíu (extremely small)
65. turtle (n) rùa hiển; baba (cf. tortoise)

66. undersea (adj) dưới biển; dưới đáy đại dương
67. warm-blooded (adj) có máu nóng (thân nhiệt
II. GRAMMAR (ngữ pháp)
1. Should
a. Form (cấu trúc)
Positive (Khẳng định)
Negative (Phủ định)
Question (Nghi vấn)

không thay đổi khi môi trường thay đổi) (cf. coldblooded)
68. water (n) nước; mặt hồ; mặt biển
 waters (n) vùng nước thuộc một khu vực, một
tiểu bang, một quốc gia nào đó; khối nước; hải
phận
Ex: The boat sailed into international waters.
(Thuyền đi vào hải phận quốc tế.)
69. whale (n) cá voi
→ blue whale (n) cá voi xanh
 gray whale (n) cá voi xám
 killer whale (n) cá nhà táng
 sperm whale (n) cá nhà táng
 whaling (n) sự săn cá voi; nghề săn cá voi

S + should + inf + O
S + shouldn’t + inf + O
Should + S + inf + O?

Ex: You should take an aspirin if you have got a headache. (Nếu bị nhức đầu bạn nên uống một viên
aspirin.)
You shouldn't eat too much chocolate; it's not good for you. (Bạn không nên ăn quá nhiều sôcôla;

không tốt đâu.)
Should we tell Judy? (Chúng ta có nên nói với Judy khơng?)
b. Use (cách dùng)
Should là động từ tình thái, được dùng để - nói về trách nhiệm, bổn phận, hoặc sự bắt buộc (nghĩa của
should không mạnh bằng must)
Ex: People should drive more carefully. (Người ta nên tái xe cẩn thận.)
Applications should be sent before December 30th. (Đơn xin việc nên được gửi trước ngày 30

tháng 12.)
Lịch sự hơn câu “Application must he sent...”
- Xin lời khuyên hoặc lời hướng dẫn
Ex: Should I go and see the police, do you think? (Bạn nghĩ tơi có nên đến gặp cảnh sát khơng?)
- Nói rằng điều gì đó có thể xảy ra (bởi vì nó hợp lý hoặc theo thông lệ).
Ex: Henry should get here soon - he left home at six. (Henry sẽ đến đây ngay thôi - anh ấy đã rời nhà từ
lúc sáu giờ mà.)
“We're spending the winter in Florida.” “That should be nice.” (Chúng tôi sẽ nghỉ đông ở Florida.”
“Hẳn là tuyệt lắm!”
2. Conditional sentences type 2 (câu điều kiện loại 2)
Câu điều kiện loại 2 là loại điều kiện không có thật trong hiện tại, được dùng để nói về tình huống khơng
có thật hoặc khơng thể xảy ra trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
IF CLAUSE
Past simple

MAIN CLAUSE
would! + infinitive

Ex: If I knew her name, I would tell you. (Nếu tơi biết tên cơ ấy, tơi sẽ nói cho anh biết.)  nhưng tôi
không biết tên cô ấy
If he didn’t love her, he would not get married. (Nếu anh ta không yêu cô ta, anh ta sẽ không cưới
cô ta.)

If I had more time, I would travel. (Nếu tơi có nhiều thời gian hơn, tôi sẽ đi du lịch.)  Nhưng tơi
khơng có nhiều thời gian, vì thế tơi khơng đi du lịch.
Lưu ý:

- Động từ tình thái could và might có thể được dùng trong mệnh đề chính để nói đến khả năng có thể xảy
ra.
Ex: If I had time, I could read more. (Nếu tơi có thời gian, tơi sẽ có thể đọc nhiều sách hơn.)
- Không dùng would trong mệnh đề IF
Ex: If she knew the answer, she would tell you. (NOT If she would knew the answer, (Nếu cô ấy biết lời
giải, cô ấy sẽ cho bạn biết.)
- Các câu bắt đầu bằng If I were you, ... thường được dùng để khuyên bảo:
Ex: If I were you. I'd read “Peanuts.” It's really funny. (Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ đọc quyển “Peanuts.” Nó
rất khơi hài.)
- Were có thể được dùng thay cho was trong mệnh đề if, nhất là trong mệnh đề if l were you ...
Ex: If I was/ were rich. I would travel around the world. (Nếu tơi giàu, tơi sẽ đi vịng quanh thế giới.)
3. I don't think/ believe/ suppose ...
- Khi chúng ta giới thiệu một ý phủ định với các động từ như think, believe, suppose, imagine và các từ có
nghĩa tương tự như vậy, chúng ta thường dùng động từ đầu tiên ở thể phủ định chứ không phải động từ thứ hai.
Ex: I don’t think you've met my wife. (Tôi nghĩ anh chưa gặp vợ tôi.)  Nghe tự nhiên hơn câu ‘I think
you haven't met my wife.”.
I don’t believe she's at home. (Tôi không tin là cô ấy đang ở nhà.)  Nghe tự nhiên hơn câu “I
believe she isn't at home.”.
- Tuy nhiên, để diễn đạt sự ngạc nhiên ta thường dùng I thought + negative.
Ex: “Would you like a drink?” “I thought you'd never ask.” (“Bạn có muốn uống gì khơng?” “Cứ tưởng
là bạn chẳng thèm hỏi chứ.”
Hello! I thought you weren’t coming. (Xin chào! Tôi cứ tưởng bạn sẽ không đến.)
Lưu ý
hope không được dùng theo cách nói trên:
Ex: I hope it doesn’t rain. (NOT I don't hope it rains.) (Tôi hy vọng trời sẽ không mưa.)

----------------------------------------------------------

BÀI TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆM
TEST 1
Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.
1. a. where
b. sphere
c. atmosphere
d. here
2. a. clear
b. hear
c. idea
d. heart
3. a. tour
b. pour
c. your
d. mourn
4. a. square
b. share
c. are
d. rare
5. a. sure
b. pure
c. picture
d. mature
Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence; best substitutes the underlined part; or
has the same meaning to the sentence above.
6. How ____________ is the lake?
a. deep
b. depth

c. deepen
d. deeply
7. To ____________ a bad habit, such as smoking and gambling, is not quite easy to most of human
beings.
a. divide
b. overcome
c. reveal
d. investigate
8. Now. scientists can discover a lot in outer space as well as undersea world by using sophisticated
instruments.
a. convenient and comfortable
b. complicated and refined
c. various
d. huge and enormous
9. John’s father is a ____________ scientist. He studies life in the sea.
a. marine
b. undersea
c. submarine
d. organism
10. There used to be ____________ no people living in this area.
a. a
b. an
c. the
d. no article
11. The teacher had divided the students ____________ small groups before they did their task.
a. of
b.
forc.
into d. in
12. The law is no longer ____________ so we have to cancel the contract and make another one.

a. effect
b. effective
c. effectiveness
d. effectively
13. Whenever I visit an interesting place, I have my photographs ____________ .
a. made
b. taken
c. grasped
d. held
14. In some countries, teenagers can live ____________ from their parents if they want.
a. dependently
b. independence
c. independent
d. independently
15. Animals, ____________ oysters, mussels, snails, and slugs, have a soft body and no backbone, use a
hard shell.
a. including
b. interacting
c. connecting
d. understanding
16. Many people believe that undersea world is ____________ origins of life on ____________ earth.
a. a / the
b. an / an
c. the / an
d. the / no article
17. 37°C is the normal ____________ of the human body.
a. coldness
b. heat

c. temperature
d. weather
18. ____________ , he would lend us his car.
a. If he was here
b. Was he here
c. Were he here
d. Unless he was here
19. ____________ a vacation now if she had more time?
a. Will she take
b. Would she take
c. Is she taking
d. Does she take
20. Our teacher often advises us that ____________ work in order to realize our ambitions.
a. you will
b. we should
c. should you
d. should we
21. You should work harder for the coming terminal examination.
a. had better
b. would rather
c. needn’t
d. mustn’t
22. When we were children we used to go skating every winter.
a. should
b. were
c. would
d. ought to
23. ____________ a foreign language helps us to open a new horizon to a culture and people.
a. Learning
b. Learn

c. Learnt
d. Learned
24. The traffic is heavy during rush hours so they are sometimes late for school.
a. If the traffic is not heavy during rush hours, they are not sometimes late for school.
b. If the traffic were not heavy during rush hours, they would not be sometimes late for school.
c. The heavy traffic during rush hours should not make them be late for school.
d. In spite the traffic is heavy during rush hours they are not sometimes late for school.
25. Should anyone call, tell him or her I am away.
a. If anyone calls
b. If no one will call,
c. If anyone call
d. As if anyone called
26. It is necessary that he ____________ home immediately.
a. will be
b. will have been
c. should being
d. should be
27. If I ____________ in your position, I would not accept her offer.
a. am
b. were
c. have been
d. would be
28. I wish he ____________ here now.
a. is
b. will be
c. were
d. has been
29. Peter cannot go out for lunch because his car is broken.
a. In spite of his broken car, Peter goes out for lunch.
b. If his car is not broken, Peter will go out for lunch.

c. If his car were not broken, Peter could go out for lunch.
d. Unless his car were not broken, Peter could go out for lunch.
30. She suggested that he ____________ his situation carefully.
a. should consider
b. considers
c. is considering
d. has to consider
Error Identification.
31. All water, even rain water, contains dissolved chemicals those scientists call "salts.”
A
B
C
D
32. Sea water, in contrast to the water we use daily, contains unacceptable amounts of
A
dissolved chemicals, which makes it is too salty for human consumption.
B
C
D
33. Scientists seek the answers about the mysteries of undersea world with full awareness that little
A
B
D
about the oceans has understood.
D

34. What arouses the scientists’ curiosity is not so many why the ocean is salty, but why it is not
A
B

C
fresh like the rivers and streams that pour into it.
D
35. If the salt in the sea could be removed and spread evenly over the Earth’s land surface, it
A
B
will form a layer more than 500 feet thick, about the height of a 40-storev office building.
C
D
Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.
Many people consider fishing as their favorite pastime but only few of them ever think about fish as an
ocean resource. Lots of people fish for a living. Fishery is the name of the business of harvesting fish and other
marine animals and plants in order to make a living. Fisheries include large industrial-scale operations with
foreign fishermen who process their catch for export and commercial Sales, small-scale operations by local
fishermen who primarily supply nearby markets, aquaculture farms which raise marine animals and fish in a
maintained environment, and businesses that produce fish products.
Fish and other seafood are harvested from the oceans around the globe. In fact, millions of tons of fish are
harvested on an annual basis. Seventy percent of that fish is for, human consumption. Fish is also used in the
production of pet and other animal food, oil, and other industrial products. Fisheries support the livelihoods of
almost 200 million people worldwide.
Shrimp and tuna are probably the most recognized products from fisheries, and it also includes lobsters,
crabs, scallops, oysters, seaweed, cod, salmon, flounder, swordfish, shark, herring, numerous reef fish, among
many other species.
More than 90% of world marine fish catch comes from the 10% of the oceans closest to land. With all the
fishing that goes on and all the people that fish, our ocean resources are being used rapidly. Many organizations
and governments are researching what measures can be taken so that we will always be able to eat our delicious
food from the sea.
36. The business of harvesting fish and other marine animals and plants in order to make a living is called
____________.
a. fishing

b. fisheries
c. fishermen
d. fish
37. Aquaculture farms ____________ .
a. are not included in fisheries
b. catch as much as possible
c. raise marine animals and fish in a maintained environment
d. do not raise marine animals and fish
38. Fish ____________ .
a. is all used for human consumption
b. cannot be used as other animals’ food
c. is not used to make oil
d. is also used to produce industrial products
39. Our ocean resources ____________ .
a. cannot be used any longer
b. are consumed fast
c. will exist forever
d. are not enough for human consumption
40. Many organizations and governments ____________ .
a. are doing research to conserve the ocean resources
b. pay no attention to the ocean resources
c. can never find measures to eat our delicious food from the sea
d. have already found measures to eat our delicious food from the sea
Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.
The oceans unite us. Reaching from continent to continent, from culture to culture, the oceans touch all
people. The oceans (41) ____________ us to understand and protect them. Since time began, the
(42)____________ waters have awaited human interaction. Cool ocean breezes invite people to the shores. The
foods of the sea tempt fishers to (43) ____________ their nets. Deep waters lead ship-makers to their craft.
Since the past, cultures around the world (44) ____________ the oceans for survival and for
(45)____________ , but have also taken the oceans (46) ____________ granted. The vast supply of water

seems beyond harm. How could we hurt the oceans?
At the present, we (47) ____________ to use the oceans to our advantage, yet we also know more than
ever before about the undersea world. Technology has enabled scientists to study the oceans to greater (48)

____________ and wider horizons. We also now know that the oceans can (49) ____________ and that
pollution threatens places around the world. Once again, the salty waters await human interaction. Now, and for
the future, the ocean calls people to help, to protect the oceans (50) ____________ themselves.
41. a. challenge
b. suggest
c. encounter
d. include
42. a. salt
b. salty
c. salinity
d. salted
43. a. cast
b. drop .
c. fall
d. give
44. a. use
b. used
c. have used
d. were used
45. a. transport
b. transportation
c. transporters
d. transported
46. a. in
b. as

c. with
d. for
47. a. succeed
b. connect
c. transfer
d. continue
48. a. deep
b. depth
c. deeply
d. deepened
49. a. harm
b. harmed
c. be harmed
d. harming
50. a. in
b. for
c. from
d. with
----------------------------------------------------------

TEST 2
Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.
1. a. ocean
b. divide
c. challenge
d. picture
2. a. indication
b. sophisticate
c. interaction
d. understanding

3. a. various
b. animal
c. temperature
d. connection
4. a. discover
b. endanger
c. fertilize
d. contribute
5. a. reveal
b. supply
c. effect
d. planet
Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence; best substitutes the underlined part; or
has the same meaning to the sentence above.
6. A ____________ is a naval vessel that can operate under water as well as on the surface.
a. submarine
b. satellite
c. photograph
d. organism
7. The police are ____________ to find out the cause of the crash.
a. dividing
b. indicting
c. investigating
d. supplying
8. She gave no indication of being able to improve the situation.
a. connection
b. evidence
c. temperature
d. interaction
9. The authority supplied the victims of the fire

food, clothes, and money.
a. on
b. for
c, to
d. with
10. The ____________ between teachers and students is very important in teaching and learning.
a. interaction
b. independence
c. variety
d. challenge
11. ____________ Pacific is the world’s largest ocean, covering one third of the Earth’s surface.
a. A
b. An
c. The
d. no article
12. I took part in every school ____________ when I was a student.
a. act
b. action
c. activity
d. acting
13. The existence of different kinds of animals and plants which make a balanced environment is called
____________ .
a. biodiversity
b. challenge
c. rubbish
d. maintain
14. He is always interested in the mysteries that lie beneath the blue depths of the ocean.
a. over
b. under
c. above

d. on
15. Seventy percent of ____________ earth surface is covered by water.
a. a
b. an
c. the
d. no article.
16. Remember to keep our private business ____________ .
a. secret
b. secretly
c. secrecy
d. secreted
17. For years, scientists in many countries ____________ a lot of research to find a vaccine against AIDS.
a. are doing
b. will do
c. did
d. have done
18. You should always pay your income tax before the deadline.
a. had better
b. would rather
c. needn’t
d. do not need
19. Peter was sacked yesterday because of his laziness. He ____________ .
a. should work harder
b. will work harder

c. worked hard
d. should have worked harder
20. I cannot force you to learn English but I think you ____________ .
a. should

b. should be
c. should have
d. cannot
21. I said I ____________ buy something for lunch.
a. will
b. shall
c. should
d. should be
22. If only I ____________ at home and ____________ a football match on TV now.
a. am / watch .
b. were / were watching
c. should be / should be watching
d. be / watch
23. The racer could continue running if his leg were not broken.
a. It was his broken leg that made the racer run.
b. The racer could continue running because of his broken leg.
c. The racer broke his leg and continues running.
d. The racer cannot continue running because of his broken led
24. You look tired and pale. You should go to see the doctor.
a. Why don’t you go to see the doctor?
b. Why do you go to see the doctor?
c. What’s the matter with you and your doctor?
d. Do you want to go to see the doctor?
25. ____________ I had enough money to buy whatever I like.
a. If only
b. If
c. Only if
d. As if
26. If he does not come soon, ____________.
a. we would miss the bus

b. would we miss the bus
c. will we miss the bus
d. we will miss the bus
27. ____________ , they would enter the contest next week.
a. If they are old enough b. Were they old enough
c. They were old enough d. If were they old enough
28. Would she come to see us if she knew ____________ ?
a. where we are living
b. we lived where
c. where we had lived
d. where do we live
29. Conserve our environment as soon as possible
____________ we all die out someday in the future!
a. if
b. unless
c. or
d. provided that
30. I ____________ it if you ____________ with me now.
a. will appreciate / had came
b. would appreciate / are coming
c. would appreciate / came d.
appreciate / would come
Choose the best sentence that can be made from the cues given.
31. tuna / also called tuna fish / fast swimmers
a. Tuna which are also called tuna fish are fast swimmers.
b. Tuna are also called tuna fish are fast swimmers.
c. Tuna which being also called tuna fish are fast swimmers.
d. Tuna which are also called tuna fish be fast swimmers.
32. they / swim / fast /77 km an hour
a. They can swim as fast as 77 km an hour.

b. They can swim more fast as 77 km an hour.
c. They can swim fast about 77 km an hour.
d. They can swim so fast that 77 km an hour.
33. unlike / flesh / most of fish species / flesh of tuna / red
a. Because unlike the flesh of most of other fish species, the flesh of tuna is red.
b. Unlike it is the flesh of most of other fish species, the flesh of tuna is red.
c. It is unlike the flesh of most of other fish species, the flesh of tuna is red
d. Unlike the flesh of most of other fish species, the "flesh of tuna is red.
34. tuna / warm-blooded / survive / a wide range of circumstances.
a. Tuna are warm-blood so that they survive in a wide range of circumstances.
b. Tuna are warm-blood so as to they survive in a wide range of circumstances.
c. Tuna are warm-blood so they survive in a wide range of circumstances.
d. Tuna are so warm-blood that they survive in a wide range of circumstances.

35. tuna / important commercial fish / many countries by the Mediterranean / specially / Japan.
a. Tuna are important commercial fish in many countries by the Mediterranean, specially in Japan.
b. Tuna that are important commercial fish in many countries by the Mediterranean, specially in Japan.
c. Tuna, they are important commercial fish in many countries by the Mediterranean, specially in Japan.
d. They are, tuna, important commercial fish in many countries by the Mediterranean, specially in
Japan.
Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.
Sea ice is commonly found in the Arctic and Antarctic where low air and water temperatures provide ideal
conditions for ice formation and growth.
Salinity, the amount of salt in seawater, determines the temperature at which sea water freezes. Although
sea water is usually very salty, sea ice is practically salt-free. Why is this? When the water temperature dips to
its freezing point (about 28.6°F), tiny ice particles form. Salt is not part of the ice crystals’ molecular Structure,
so it is gradually released into the surrounding water. However, in extremely cold water, ice freezes rapidly, so
salt cells are sometimes trapped before they are discarded. The cells then “migrate” through the ice, a process
which takes up to a year.

As ice crystals multiply, the water turns slushy and the surface freezes into thin sheets of ice. Wind and
wave action break the sheets into pieces, push them together, and freeze them into thick solid masses of pack
ice. Depending on the severity of the winter, the pack’s thickness is usually nine to ten feet. Pieces breaking
from the pack present the greatest threat to ships transiting through polar waters.
The Arctic produces 10,000 to 50,000 icebergs annually. The amount produced in the Antarctic regions is
inestimable.
36. The Arctic and Antarctic have a lot of sea ice because of ____________.
a. low air and water temperatures
b. ice formation
c. ice growth
d. being common
37. The temperature at which sea water freezes are determined by ____________ .
a. low air
b. salinity
c. sea ice
d. seawater
38. Sea ice ____________ .
a. is usually very salty
b. contains no salt even in extremely cold water
c. is practically salt-free
d. is practically very salty
39. Solid masses of pack ice ____________ .
a. form with the help of wind and wave action
b. do no harm
c. are always very thin
d. can never break
40. Which sentence is true?
a. The severity of the winter does not influence the thickness of sea icebergs.
b. Ships transiting through polar waters are interested in sea icebergs.
c. Every month, the Arctic produces 10,000 to 50,000 icebergs.

d. We cannot estimate the amount of icebergs in the Antarctic regions.
Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.
Seaweeds are found throughout the world’s oceans and seas and none is known to be (41)____________.
Many kinds of seaweeds are in fact eaten and (42)____________ to be a great delicacy. Seaweeds are used in
many (43) ____________ countries, which are situated by or near the seas, as a fertilizer and in cosmetics.
They have the (44) ____________ to be used as a source of long- and short-chain chemicals with medicinal
and industrial uses. Seaweed baths have been popular in Ireland since Edwardian times with the theory (45)
____________ your skin will absorb nutrients (46) ____________ the seaweed. The major utilization of these
plants as food is in Asia, where seaweed (47) ____________ has become a major industry. Seaweeds are also
one of the main food species (48) ____________ by aquaculture in China, Korea and Japan. In Japan alone, the
total annual production value of seaweeds is up to 1 billion USD, one of (49) ____________ most valuable
crops produced by aquaculture in the world. In most western countries seaweeds (50)____________ is
relatively restricted and there has not been any great pressure to develop mass cultivation techniques of
seaweeds.
41. a. poison
b. poisoning
c. poisonous
d. poisoned
42. a. considered
b. enjoyed
c. appreciated
d. practice
43. a. past time
b. spare time
c. maritime
d. overtime

44.
45.

46.
47.
48.
49.
50.

a. challenge
a. where
a. from
a. connection
a. grow
a. a
a. consumption

b. potential
b. that
b. at
b. population
b. grew
b. an
b. contribution

c. information
c. what
c. along
c. interaction
c. growing
c. the
c. marine

d. indication
d. this
d. with
d. cultivation
d. grown
d. no article
d. variety

----------------------------------------------------------

TEST 3
Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.
1. a. mystery
b. century
c. oxygen
d. submarine
2. a. activity
b. investigate
c. diversity
d. fertilizer
3. a. mammal
b. human
c. beneath
d. secret
4. a. oversize
b. satellite
c. existence
d. pesticide
5. a. plastic
b. concern

c. carry
d. reason
Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence; best substitutes the underlined part; or
has the same meaning to the sentence above.
6. Sperm whale populations are at risk due to hunting.
a. in danger
b. at hand
c. on purpose
d. in use
7. The blue ____________ is the largest known animal ever to have lived on sea or land.
a. krill
b. tuna
c. whale
d. shell
8. Green turtles can migrate more than 1,400 miles to ____________ their eggs
a. lie
b. lay
c. laid
d. lain
9. Sea life has a strong ____________ on the composition of sea water.
a. challenge
b. information
c. investigation
d. influence
10. There is a wide variety of opinions on sea food cultivation.
a. same
b. diversity
c. supply
d. interaction
11. The sea bottom is ____________ into three areas: the continental shelf, the continental slope, and the

ocean floor.
a. divided
b. changed
c. consisted
d. included
12. If you pour oil on water, it will ____________ .
a. float
b. drown
c. dissolve
d. compound
13. Over millions of years, the forceful rush of water can cut deep canyons into dry desert rock.
____________ Grand Canyon, in Arizona, for example, was carved by water.
a. A
b. An
c. The
d. no article
14. Mr. Pike works hard and spends more economically to make ____________ for his old age.
a. provide
b. provision
c. provider
d. provident
15. Only a very delicate thermometer can measure such tiny changes in ____________ .
a. water
b. temperature
c. current
d. marine
16. They spent their childhood in a tiny fishery village by the sea.
a. small
b. big
c. large

d. enormous
17. Seventy-five percent of the earth ____________ are covered by seas and oceans.
a. face
b. flat
c. resurface
d. surface
18. Oil spills are a great ____________ to the undersea world.
a. threat
b. threaten
c. threatened
d. threateningly
19. Her work has enormously contributed ____________ the charity collection.
a. for
b. on
c. to
d. in
20. If you ____________ water, it ____________ into the atmosphere as vapor.
a. boiled / will disappear b. boiled / would disappear
c. boil / disappears
d. will boil / should appear
21. If Mary were not afraid of flying, she would travel by plane.
a. Because of her fear of flying, Mary did not travel by plane

b. Because of her fear of flying, Mary does not travel by plane.
c. Because of her fear of flying, Mary traveled by plane.
d. Because of her fear of flying, Mary travels by plane.
22. Thanks a lot. Without your help, I ____________ my work.
a. can hardly finish
b. could hardly finish

c. cannot hardly finish
d. could not hardly finish
23. I am not satisfied with my present job. ____________ I had a new job with higher salary.
a. If
b. Even if
c. As if
d. If only
24. Mr. Pike has got a lung cancer. He is a non-stop smoker. He ____________ smoking before he has got
the sickness.
a. should stop
b. should be stop
c. shall have stopped
d. should have stopped
25. If anyone knocks at the door, do not answer it.
a. Should anyone knock at the door
b. Should anyone knocks at the door
c. In case anyone knocked at the door
d. There is anyone knocks at the door
26. You should submit the assignment before the deadline, otherwise the teacher ____________ you to
take the final exam.
a. will allow
b. will not allow
c. should not allow
d. would not allow
27. Why do you stay at home? Why don’t you go to school? You ____________ at the moment.
a. should study
b. are studying
c. should be studying
d. should have studied
28. The rain prevents us from going out.

a. In spite of the rain, we still go out.
b. Because of the rain, we should go out.
c. It is the rain that makes us go out.
d. If it did not rain, we would go out.
29! Let’s begin the conference now.
a. Shall we begin the conference now?
b. Do we begin the conference how?
c. Must we begin the conference now?
d. Are we beginning the conference now?
30. We ____________ afraid to state our views.
a. should be never
b. never should be
c. should never be
d. be never should
Choose the best sentence that can be made from the cues given.
31. Great White Shark / exceptionally large shark / find / all major oceans.
a. Great White Shark is an exceptionally large shark finding in all major oceans.
b. Great White Shark is an exceptionally large shark which can be found in all major oceans.
c. Great White Shark is an exceptionally large shark that find in all major oceans.
d. Since Great White Shark is an exceptionally large shark which can be found in all major oceans.
32. A Great White Shark / reach / length / about 6 meters / weigh almost 2,000 kilos.
a. A Great White Shark can reach the length of about 6 meters and weighing almost 2,000 kilos.
b. When a Great White Shark can reach the length of about 6 meters and it weighs almost 2,000 kilos.
c. A Great White Shark can reach the length as much as of about 6 meters and weigh up to almost 2,000
kilos.
d. A Great White Shark can reach the length of about 6 meters and weigh almost 2,000 kilos.
33. Great White Sharks / live / most / cold or temperate waters.
a. Great White Sharks live in most all the cold or temperate waters.
b. Great White Sharks, live in most all the cold or temperate waters.
c. Great White Sharks that live in most of all the cold or temperate waters.

d. Great White Sharks live in most of the cold or temperate waters.
34. they / eat / smaller fish / called / “eating machines”
a. They eat smaller fish and are called “eating machines”.
b. They eat smaller fish as they are called “eating machines”.
c. Due to the fact that they eat smaller fish and are called “eating machines”.
d. Actually, they eat smaller fish and are called “eating machines”.
35. warm-blooded / their life span / estimate / 30-40 years.
a. As they are warm-blooded and their life span is estimated about 30-40 years.
b. They are such warm-blooded and their life span is estimated about 30-40 years.
c. Because they are warm-blooded and their life span is estimated about 30-40 years
d. They are warm-blooded and their life span is estimated about 30-40 years.

Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.
Every year, 100 million sharks are killed by people in commercial and recreational fishing. In the past they
were killed simply for the sport of landing a good fighting fish (make sharks for instance). Sharkskin was used
for making sandpaper. Other sharks are hunted for food, and some species for other products.
Sharks are a common seafood in many places around the world, including Japan and Australia. In Australia
shark is the most commonly used fish. Sharks are often killed for shark fin soup, in which many sharks are
hunted for their fins, which are cut off with a hot metal blade before the live animal is tossed back into the
water. There have been cases where hundreds of de-finned animals were swept up on local beaches without any
way to convey themselves back into the sea. Conservationists have campaigned for changes in the law to make
finning illegal in the U,S.
Sharks generally reach sexual maturity slowly and produce very few offspring in comparison to other
fishes that are harvested. This has caused concern among biologists regarding the increase in effort applied to
catching sharks over time, and many species are considered to be threatened. Some organizations, such as the
Shark Trust, campaign to limit shark fishing.
36. Nowadays, people hunt sharks for ____________ .
a. commerce and recreation d. fun and fighting
c. sport and fighting

d. fishing and landing
37. According to the text, ____________ .
a. people hunt sharks only to make sandpaper
b. sharks are hunted only for food
c. sharks cannot be hunted
d. there are many products made from sharks
38. Which sentence is not true?
a. Shark fins are used for making soup.
b. Japanese do not like to eat sharks.
c. Many sharks are hunted for their fins.
d. Shark fins are cut off when they are alive.
39. Cutting off shark fins is ____________ in America.
a. legal
b. encouraging
c. banned
d. popular
40. Sharks ____________ .
a. have a lot of offspring b. have very few offspring
c. can be caught freely in America
d. reach sexual maturity quickly
Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.
The Pacific Ocean is the world’s largest body of water. It (41) ____________ a third of the Earth’s surface,
having an area of 179.7 million (42)____________ kilometers, significantly larger than Earth’s entire landmass,
with room for another Africa to spare. (43)____________ approximately 15,500 kilometers from the Bering
Sea in the Arctic to the icy margins of Antarctica’s Ross Sea in the south, the Pacific (44)____________ about
25,000 islands. Some scientists state that the Pacific Ocean may be shrinking while the Atlantic Ocean is
increasing (45) ____________ size. However, the Pacific is not always (46)____________. The lands around
the Pacific are (47) ____________ volcanoes and often affected by earthquakes. Tsunamis, caused by
(48)____________ earthquakes, have, devastated many islands and destroyed entire towns. The Pacific ocean is
generally believed (49) ____________ warmer than the Atlantic ocean. The ocean was sighted by Europeans

early in the 16th century, first by Vasco Balboa (1513) and then by Ferdinand Magellan, (50)____________
crossed the Pacific during his circumnavigation from 1519- to 1522;
41. a. discovers
b. covers
c. recovers
d. takes
42. a. square .
b. round
c. rectangle
d. sphere
43. a. Widening
b. Broadening .
c. Enlarging
d. Extending
44. a. confirms
b. controlled
c. contains
d. consists
45. a. in
b. at
c. of
d. for
46. a. peace
b. peaceful
c. peacefully
d. peacefulness
47. a. crowded with
b. familiar with
c. accustomed to
d. full of

48. a. underground
b. undercharge
c. undersea
d. undercoat
49. a. to be
b. be
c. being
d. been
50. a. that
b. who
c. which
d. whom

----------------------------------------------------------

BÀI TẬP TỰ LUẬN
I. Circle the word that is pronounced differently from the others.
1. bearleave
peace
cheap
2. nearhere
ear
meat
3. hair
chair
rain
4. tour pour
four
thought

5. gulf
hunt
sure
6. where
share
wear
7. cheer
feed
deep
8. pearclear
sphere
idea
9. heir
dear
their
10. group
souvenir
through
II. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box.
challenge
cover

discover
conserve

depend
entrap

investigate
maintain

air
current
fear
sea
care
should
contribute
mystery

1. Scientists have made many important new ____________ of the depth by using modern devices.
2. Community police have made a very positive ____________ to crime prevention.
3. Destruction of the environment is one of the most serious ____________ we face.
4. They are investigating the ____________ disappearance of a young woman.
5. Seventy-five percent of the earth surface is ____________ by water.
6. The power station has been shut down for essential ____________ .
7. The ____________ of the seabed is being carried out.
8. Sperm whale populations are at risk due to hunting and their accidental ____________ in fishing nets.
9. By the age of eighteen he was completely ____________ of his parents.
10. The government has just set up a wildlife ____________ project.
III. Choose the word or phrase that could best explain the underlined word or phrase in each sentence.
1. If modern technology did not exist, we would never have such precious information.
a. valuable
b. precise
c. confidential d. detailed
2. Some marine animals are dangerous to humans.
a. living in the mountain b. living in the ocean
c. living in the forest
d. living, in the house
3. The floor was covered in tiny pieces of paper.

a. unimportant
b. many
c. very large
d. extremely small
4. Sperm whales and sharks are carnivores.
a. animals that live in the sea
b. animals that only eat plants
c. fish that aren’t born from eggs
d. animals that eat meat
5. We enjoyed the warm water of the, Gulf of Thailand.
a. a large area of water that flows towards the sea
b. a large area of sea partly enclosed by land . c. a narrow area of water joining two seas
d. a large area of water surrounded by land
6. Human infants have a gestation period of nine months.
a. the time during which a human baby develops inside its mother
b. the time when a stomach digests food
c. the time of eating food
d. the time of growing up
7. We had an accidental meeting with an old friend at the party last night,
a. unpleasant
b. unexpected
c. unlucky
d. unacceptable
8. How many offspring does a sperm whale usually have?
a. eggs
b. mammals
c. babies
d. diets
IV. Complete these sentences with should / shouldn’t + infinitive (or a passive form) using one of these
verbs: include, keep, meet, refrigerate, stay, break, tell, warn, take, play.

1. Those boys ____________ football on the street. It’s very dangerous.
2. This medicine ____________ in a cool place.

3. You ____________ him about this deal. It’s supposed to be absolutely confidential.
4. Here’s someone you really ____________
5. She ____________ in bed all day unless she’s ill.
6. According to the label, the jam ____________ after opening.
7. You’ll catch cold if you go out like that. I think you ____________ a hat.
8. People ____________ of the danger of swimming off this beach.
9. This information you send ____________ details of courses taken at university.
10. People ____________ their promises.
V. Give advice to the following people. Use I think ... should or I don’t think ... should and one of these
phrases.
go to the dentist
take them back to the shop
tell your bank
wait
go to work
tell them to buy fruit
drive
be more careful
write to people
work so hard
1. Jenny and Tony are only sixteen, but they say they want to get married.
 I think they should wait.
2. Kate is crying because I knocked her over. We were playing a game.
.........................................................................................................................................................................
3. Peter’s got a very bad cold.
.........................................................................................................................................................................

4. Ann’s phone bill was enormous! Three hundred pounds!
.........................................................................................................................................................................
5. Keith wants to drive home, but he hasn’t got his glasses.
.........................................................................................................................................................................
6. One of my teeth is loose.
.........................................................................................................................................................................
7. I’ve lost my cheque book and credit cards.
.........................................................................................................................................................................
8. My shoes have got a hole in them. I only bought them last week!
.........................................................................................................................................................................
9. My children spend all their pocket money on sweets.
.........................................................................................................................................................................
10. I’m always tired because I’ve been working very hard.
.........................................................................................................................................................................
VI. Put the verb into the correct form.
1. If my grandfather ____________ (be) still alive, he would be a hundred today.
2. I ____________ (offer) to give you a lift if I had my car here.
3. Where ____________ (you/ choose) if you could live anywhere in the world?
4. If you ____________ (drive) from London to Glasgow, which way would you go?
5. If I ____________ (live) out of town, I ____________ (take) up the garden.
6. We ____________ (not have) any money if we ____________ (not work).
7. I ____________ (not mind) living in England if the weather ____________ (be) better.
8. If I were you, I ____________ (not wait), I ____________ (go) now.
9. If we ____________ (have) more reliable car, we ____________ (drive) to Spain rather than fly.
10. If Mr. Morgan ____________ (be) still head teacher, he ____________ (not permit) such bad
behaviour.
VII. Comment on these situations. Use a type 2 conditional.
1. Alan always overeats at lunch because he never eats breakfast.
 If Alan ate breakfast, he wouldn’t overeat at lunch.
2. I don’t know enough about the machine, so I can’t mend it myself.

5. A:. Do you and your brother get together very often?
B: No, we ____________ (see)
each other more if we ____________ (live) closer,
but he lives in Scotland.
6. A: Is it going to be a big party?
B: Yes, if most people ____________ (come), there ____________ (be) about 100 of us.
7. A: Let’s go to the beach.
B: No, it’s too cold. If it ____________ (be) warmer, I ____________ (not mind) going to the beach.
8. A: I don’t know what happened to my dictionary. I’ve looked everywhere for it.
B: What ____________ (you/ do) if you ____________ (not find) it?
9. A: Do you have any plans for next year?
B: Well, I ____________ (travel) if I ____________ (can afford) it. But I don’t have any money.
10. A: Why do you read newspapers?
B: Well, if I ____________ (not read) newspapers, I ____________ (not know) what was happening in
the world.
IX. Choose the correct completion.
1. I’m not an astronaut. If I ____________ an astronaut, I _________ my camera with me on the rocket
ship.
a. am/ will take
b. was/ would take
c. were/ had taken
d. was/ would have taken
2. Don’t throw aerosol into a fire. An aerosol ____________ if you ____________ it into a fire.
a. will be exploded/ throw b. would explode/ threw
c. explodes/ will throw
d. can explode/ throw
3. That sounds like a good offer. I ____________ it if I ____________ you.
a. had accepted/ were
b. will accept/ am
c. would accept/ were

d. accepted/ were
4. Nora is using my car right now. If she ____________ it back in time, you’re welcome to borrow it.
a. brought
b. would bring
c. will bring
d. brings
5. If energy ____________ inexpensive and unlimited, many things in the world would be different.
a. is
b. was
c. had been
d. would be
6. If you ____________ all of my questions, I ____________ anything to help you.

a. don’t answer/ can’t do b. didn’t answer/ won’t do
c. wouldn’t answer/ can’t do
b. wouldn’t answer/ couldn’t do
7. If I ____________ wings, I ____________ take an airplane to fly home.
a. have/ won’t have to
b. had/ wouldn’t have
c. have/ will have to
d. had/ didn’t have to
8. ‘Here’s my phone number.’
‘Thanks, I ____________ you a call if I ____________ some help.
a. will give/ will need
b. would give/ needed
c. give/ need
d. will give/ need
9. If we ____________ serious about pollution, we ____________ more money on research.
a. had been/ spent

b. were/ had spent
c. were/ would spend
d. are/ will spend
10. Sea water is salty. If the oceans ____________ of fresh water, there ____________ plenty of water to
irrigate all of the deserts in the world.
a. consisted/ would be
b. consisted/ were
c. would consist/ could be
d. consist/ will be
X. Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answer - a, b, c, or d.
Most people are afraid of sharks, but they usually .do not know much about them. For example, there are
about 350 species of sharks that live in oceans over the world. All of the sharks are carnivores, but most of
them don’t attack people. Some sharks are very small - the smallest shark is about 6 inches long - about as long
as your hand. But some sharks are very large. The largest species of sharks may be 60 feet long and weigh 15
tons. Unlike many other kinds of fish, sharks do not have bone. Their bodies are made up of a kind of tough
white flexible material (called cartilage). Sharks do not have ears. However, they ‘hear’ sounds and movements
in the water. Any sound or movement makes the water vibrates. Sharks can feel these vibrations, and they help
the sharks find food. Sharks use their large eyes to find food, too. Most sharks see best in low light. They often
hunt for food at dawn, in the evening, or in the middle of the night.
Nowadays scientists want to learn more about sharks for several reasons. For example, cancer i& common
in many animals, including people. However, it is rare in sharks. Scientists want to find out why sharks almost
never get' cancer. Maybe this information can help people prevent cancer too.
1. According to the passage, sharks ____________
a. are big mammals.
b. usually live in warm water,
c. are meat eaters.
d. always attack humans.
2. How long is a smallest shark?
a. About 6 centimeters b. As long as a hand
c. As one’s long hand

d. About 1,5 meters
3. The word “they” in line 10 refers to ____________
a. sharks
b. sounds
c. vibrations
d. movements
4. Sharks can hunt for food at night because ____________
a. they ‘hear’ more clearly at night,
b. their eyes are large,
c. they feel vibrations in the water,
d. they see well in the dark.
5. Which of the following is not true?
a. Large sharks can weigh up to 15,000 kg.
b. Sharks’ bodies are made up of cartilage.
c. Sharks can find their food by feeling vibrations.
d. Sharks often attack people.
6. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ____________
a. sharks are being studied.
b. the cancer risk, among animals is found to be higher.
c. scientists are given permission to catch sharks for their studies.
d. information about sharks help people cure cancer.
XI. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first.
1. Climbing without a safety rope is forbidden.
You aren’t.......................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................
2. Nigel hasn’t got satellite TV, so he can’t watch the game.
If......................................................................................................................................................................
3. Walking home alone is not a good idea.
You..................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................
4. ‘Did someone ring you an hour ago?’ Martin said to Susan.
Martin asked....................................................................................................................................................
5. Throw a stone into water and it sinks.
If......................................................................................................................................................................
6. You can’t travel on this train if you don’t have a reservation.
Unless..............................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................
7. ‘If I were you, I’d take the job, said Sue
Sue ..................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................
8. The exam question was so easy that we all got it right.
It was...............................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................
9. Although he wasn’t experienced, he got the job.
Despite............................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................. :
..................................................................................................................................................................................l
...................................................................................................................................................................................
10. Since you haven’t finished your homework, you can’t come with them.

If......................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................
----------------------------------------------------------

TEST FOR UNIT 9
I. PRONUNCIATION
A. Choose the word that has thé underlined part pronounced differently from the others.
1. a. gulf
b. surface
c. submarine
d. undersea
2. a. ocean
b. undersea
c. beneath
d. deep
3. a. poor
b. tour
c, actual
d. group
4. a. tiny
b. device
c. krill
d. migrate
5. a. think
b. depth
c. further
d. breathe
B. Choose the word whose main stress is placed differently from the others.

1. a. maintain
b. marine
c. challenge
d. device
2. a. investigate
b. information
c. submarine
d. independent
3. a. organism
b. environment
c. temperature
d? satellite
4. a. carnivore
b. entrapment
c. technology
d. Atlantic

5. a. mammal
b. ocean
c. accidental
d. herbicide
II. VOCABULARY AND EXPRESSION
Choose one word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentence or substitutes for the
underlined word or phrase.
1. The country is divide ____________ nine regions.
a. tob. on
c. into
d. up
2. I’d like to contribute ____________ the school restoration fund.

a. on
b. to
c. with
d. for
3. Unless the biodiversity were maintained, marine life would be ____________ stake.
a. at
b. on
c. in
d. under
4. Raw sewage makes the sea ____________ and endangers sea plants and animals.
a. pollute
b. polluting
c. polluted
d. pollution
5. She ____________ injury to win the Olympic gold medal.
a. recovered
b. suffered
c. avoided
d. overcame
6. Some whales migrate into warm waters to bear their ____________ .
a. young’s
b.. diets
c. calves
d. young whales
7. Whales feed on krill.
a. tiny shellfish
b. small fish
c. sea plants
d. small animals
8. ____________ is the variety of different types of plant and animal life in a particular region.

a. Interaction
b. Herbicide
c. Environment
d. Biodiversity
9. He is a ____________ biologist. He spends all his life studying sea plants and animals.
a. ocean
b. marine
c. botany
d. sea
10. ____________ is a chemical used for killing weeds.
a. Pesticide
b. Herbicide
c. Fertilizer
d. Antibiotic
11. We all enjoyed the waters of Timor Sea and the coral reefs that lie ____________ .
a. under
b. behind
c. beneath
d. beside
12. Some tiny organisms are ____________ along by the currents.
a. carried
b. taken
c. flowed
d. moved
13. Sperm whales are ____________ which means they eat meat.
a. herbivores
b. carnivores
c. omnivores
d. mammals
14. Sperm whale population are at risk due to hunting.

a. in extinction
b. in danger
c. on the decrease
d. in fewness
15. These birds ____________ to North Africa in winter.
a. settle
b. go
c. relocate
d. migrate
III. GRAMMAR AND STRUCTURE
A. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c, or d - that best completes the sentence.
1. What would Tom do if he ____________ the truth?
a. would know
b. has know
c. knows
d. knew
2. Jim wanted to know ____________ call and tell him where to meet you.
a. you could
b. whether you can
c. if you could
d. when could you
3. Could you talk ____________ ? I’m trying to work.
a. more quietly
b. quieter than
c. more quiet
d. quiet
4. Whales and sharks are carnivores, ____________ means they eat meat.
a. this
b. that
c. it

d. which
5. Would you mind if I ____________ you tonight?
a. call
b. called
c. calling
d. will call
6. You ____________ Mark. You know it’s a secret.
a. should tell
b. shouldn’t tell
c. couldn’t tell
d. might tell
7. Owls have a strong beak and sharp talons ____________ mice and other small prey.
a. which used to catch
b. used for catching
c. their use is to catch
d. they are used for catching
8. We wondered why ____________ a tip.
a. to leave
b. should we leave
c. we should leave
d. don’t we leave
9. If someone ____________ into the store, smile and say, ‘May I help you?’
a. comes
b. come
c. will come
d. would come

10. ____________ you, I would think twice about that decision. It could be a bad move.
a. If I am

b. Should I be
c. Were I
d. If I had been
11. ‘Would you like some cake?’ ‘No, thanks. If I ____________ cake, I ____________ fat.’
a. ate/ will get
b. ate/ would get
c. would eat/ could get
d. am eating/ will get
12. ‘What are you doing later this afternoon?’ ‘Oh, __________ the game finishes, I’ll go home, I expect.’
a. if
b. in case
c. unless
d. when
13. She’s been studying hard for the exam, so she ____________ to pass.
a. should
b. ought
c. had better
d. must
14. If I weren’t working for an accounting firm, I ____________ in a bank.
a. work
b. will work
c. have worked
d. would be working
15. ‘Why are you so late?’ ‘I ____________ my aunt to the airport. The traffic was terrible!’
a. could take
b. must have taken
c. should take
d. had to take
B. Identify the one underlined word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that must be changed for the sentence
to be correct.

1. Jack will win the election if he campaigned harder.
A
B
C
D
2. We’re used to think that there was no life in the ocean depths.
A
B
C
D
3. A large portion of the world’s water supply have been contaminated by factory waste, ships and
A
B
C
oil spills.
D
4. Were Mr. Morgan still head teacher, he would not permit such bad behave.
A
B
C
D
5. You can’t go into the reception if you’ve got a ticket.
A
B
C
D
6. The match was cancelled due to the weather was bad.
A
B
C

D
7. Despite his disability, he tried leading as normal a life as possible.
A
B
C
D
8. Could you tell me when does the next train leaves and where to buy tickets?
A
B
C
D
9. I think you shouldn’t do if it’s the right thing to do.
A
B
C
D
10. Have you had your teeth clean yet by Dr. Elin’s new oral hygienist?
A
B
C
D
IV. READING COMPREHENSION
A. Choose the correct option a, b, c or d to complete this passage.
For many years people (1) ____________ that the cleverest animals after man were chimpanzees. Now,
however, there is (21) ____________ that dolphins may be even cleverer than these big apes. Although a
dolphin lives in the sea, it is not a fish. It is a (3) ____________ . It is in many way, (4) ____________ like a
human being. Dolphins have simple language. They are able to talk to.one another. It may be (5)
____________ for man to learn how to talk to dolphins. But this will not be easy because dolphins cannot hear
the kind of sounds man can (6) ____________. If the man wants to talk to dolphins, therefore, he will have to
make a third language which (7) ____________ he and the dolphin can understand. Dolphins are also

(8)____________ friendly towards man. They often (9) ____________ ships. There are many stories of
dolphins guiding ships (10) ____________ difficult and dangerous water.
1. a. blame
b. wonder
c. believe
d. require
2., a. plan
b. proof
c. thought
d. cause
3. a. animal
b. carnivore
c. mammal
d. reptile
4. a. however
b. moreover
c. nevertheless
d. therefore
5. a. difficult
b. possible
c. impossible
d. simple
6. a. make
b. do
c. speak
d. créât

7. a. either
b. neither

c. two
d. both
8. a. so
b. too
c. very
d. such
9. a. chase
b. swim
c. follow
d. find
10. a. to
b. through
c. into
d. from
B. Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answer.
Man is a land animal, but he closely tied to the sea. Throughout history the sea has served the needs of
man. The sea provided man with food and convenient way to travel to many parts of the world. Today, nearly
two thirds of the world’s population live within 80 kilometers of the sea coast.
In the modern technological world, the sea offers many resources to help mankind survive. Resources on
land are beginning to be used up. The sea, however, still can be hoped to supply many of man’s needs.
The list of riches of the sea yet to be developed by man’s technology is impressive. Oil and gas exploration
have been carried out for nearly 30 years. Valuable amounts of mineral exist on the ocean floor ready to be
mined.
Fish farming promises to be a good way to produce large quantities of food. The culture of fish and
shellfish is an ancient skill practiced in the past mainly by the Oriental people.
Besides oil and gas, the sea may offer new source of energy. Experts believe that the warm temperature of
the ocean can be used in a way similar to the steam in a steamship. Ocean currents and waves offer possible use
as a source of energy. Technology is enabling man to explore ever more deeply under the sea. The development
of strong, new materials has made this possible.
The technology to harvest the sea continues to improve. Experts believe that by the year 2020 the problems

that prevent us from exploiting fully the food, minerals and energy sources of the sea will be largely solved.
1. The best title for this passage is ____________ .
a. Sea Harvest
b. Sea Food
c. Man and the Sea
d. Technology for Exploiting the Sea
2. The major things that the sea offers man are ____________
a. fish and oil.
b. minerals and oil
c. warm temperature and ocean currents.
d. the food, energy sources, and minerals.
3. The sea serves the needs of man because ____________
a. it provides man with food.
b. it supplies man with minerals,
c. it offers oil to man
d. all are correct
4. The words “Oriental people” in paragraph 4 probably mean ____________
a. the people in Asia
b. African people
c. European people
d. American people
5. We can conclude from this passage that ____________
a. the sea resources have largely been used up.
b. the sea has not yet been fully exploited.
c. the problem that prevent us from using the food, minerals and energy sources of the sea have already
been solved.
d. by the year 2020 the technology will be good enough to exploit all the sea resources.
V. WRITING
Choose the sentence - a, b, c or d - which is closest in meaning to the sentence printed before.
1. In spite of their differences, Jim and John plan to be roommates.

a. Jim and John will be different roommates.
b. Jim and John are too different to be roommates.
c. Jim and John intend to be roommates even though they are different.
d. Jim and John do not like to be roommates because they are different.
2. Were it not for the money, this job wouldn’t be worthwhile.
a. This job is not rewarding at all.
b. This job offers a good salary.
c. Although the salary is poor, the job is worthwhile.
d. The only thing that makes this job worthwhile is the money.
3. She should know better than to lend the money to him.
a. She oughtn’t to lend him the money.
b. She knew it would be beter not to lend him the money.
c. She just being helpful when she lent him the money.

d. It would be kind of her to lend him the money.
4. The man had his dirty car washed at last.
a. The car got dirty last week.
b. The man’s dirty car wasn’t washed at last.
c. The man got dirty when he last washed the car.
d. Someone finally washed the man’s car.
5. Studying all night is good for neither your grades nor your health.
a. Studying all night is good for your grade.
b. Studying all night does not help at all.
c. Studying all night is good for your health.
d. Studying all night is helpful to you.
----------------------------------------------------------

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