Digital Libraries and Institutional Repositories Breakthroughs in Research and Practice

Digital Libraries and
Institutional Repositories:
Breakthroughs in Research and
Practice
Information Resources Management Association
USA


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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Information Resources Management Association, editor.
Title: Digital libraries and institutional repositories : breakthroughs in
research and practice / Information Resources Management Association.
editor.
Description: Hershey, PA : Information Science Reference, [2020] | Includes
bibliographical references and index. | Summary: “Digital libraries and
institutional repositories addresses new methods, practices, concepts,
and techniques, as well as contemporary challenges and issues for

libraries and university repositories that can be accessed
electronically. It also addresses the problems of usability and search
optimization in digital libraries”-- Provided by publisher.
Identifiers: LCCN 2019042255 (print) | LCCN 2019042256 (ebook) | ISBN
9781799824633 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781799824640 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Digital libraries. | Institutional repositories.
Classification: LCC ZA4080 .D537 2020 (print) | LCC ZA4080 (ebook) | DDC
027--dc23
LC record available at />LC ebook record available at />British Cataloguing in Publication Data
A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library.
The views expressed in this book are those of the authors, but not necessarily of the publisher.
For electronic access to this publication, please contact: 


Editor-in-Chief
Mehdi Khosrow-Pour, DBA
Information Resources Management Association, USA

Associate Editors
Steve Clarke, University of Hull, UK
Murray E. Jennex, San Diego State University, USA
Ari-Veikko Anttiroiko, University of Tampere, Finland

Editorial Advisory Board
Sherif Kamel, American University in Cairo, Egypt
In Lee, Western Illinois University, USA
Jerzy Kisielnicki, Warsaw University, Poland
Amar Gupta, Arizona University, USA
Craig van Slyke, University of Central Florida, USA
John Wang, Montclair State University, USA

Vishanth Weerakkody, Brunel University, UK




List of Contributors

Adebayo, Oyeronke / Covenant University, Nigeria................................................................. 227, 393
Ahmed, Toufiq / Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), Nomi, Japan........ 532
Aidi, Nurafida / Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia..................................................................... 441
Alteri, Suzan A. / University of Florida, USA........................................................................................ 1
Aregbesola, Ayooluwa / Landmark University, Nigeria.................................................................... 142
Bakare, Abdullahi A. / Kwara State University, Nigeria................................................................... 272
Beetseh, Kwaghga / University of Agriculture, Nigeria.................................................................... 202
Bhat, Nazir Ahmad / Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of
Kashmir, Srinagar, India............................................................................................................... 566
Chaiyasoonthorn, Wornchanok / Faculty of Administration and Management, King Mongkut’s
Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand............................................................. 185
Chemulwo, Monicah Jemeli / St. Paul’s University, Kenya.............................................................. 305
Chigwada, Josiline Phiri / Bindura University of Science Education, Bindura, Zimbabwe.............. 520
Chung, Ada Chi Wai / Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong
Kong................................................................................................................................................ 45
Colmenero-Ruiz, Maria-Jesús / Carlos III University of Madrid, Spain......................................... 166
Dhamdhere, Sangeeta N. / Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, India........................ 550
Dili, Noraisah / Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia...................................................................... 441
Dinsmore, Chelsea S. / University of Florida, USA............................................................................... 1
Eyiolorunse, Toluwani / Landmark University, Nigeria................................................................... 142
Fagbohun, Michael Opeoluwa / Covenant University, Nigeria........................................................ 227
García-Palvo, Francisco J. / GRIAL Research Group, Department of Computer Science,
Science Education Research Institute (IUCE), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain...... 423

González-Pérez, Laura Icela / Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education,
Monterrey, Mexico......................................................................................................................... 423
Hamzah, Umi Amneezatun / Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia................................................. 441
Hawley, E. Haven / University of Florida, USA..................................................................................... 1
Hoskins, Ruth / University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa............................................................ 454
Huang, Chen / Zhejiang University, China......................................................................................... 67
Idachaba, Joy Asibi / University of Agriculture, Nigeria................................................................... 202
Idiegbeyan-Ose, Jerome / Covenant University, Nigeria.................................................................. 356
Ifijeh, Goodluck / Covenant University, Nigeria....................................................................... 356, 393
Iglesias, Edward / Stephen F. Austin State University, USA............................................................... 59
Ilogho, Julie / Covenant University, Nigeria...................................................................................... 356
Itsekor, Victoria / Covenant University, Nigeria............................................................................... 227
Iwu-James, Juliana / Covenant University, Nigeria......................................................................... 356







Izuagbe, Roland / Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria....................................................................... 393
Jefferson, Rebecca J. W. / University of Florida, USA.......................................................................... 1
Karmakar, Ranjan / Chakdaha College (Affiliated to University of Kalyani), Chakdaha,
India.............................................................................................................................................. 261
Kisar, Sailendra / Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia.................................................................. 441
Kowalsky, Michelle / Rowan University, USA..................................................................................... 99
Lihitkar, Ramdas / Government College of Science, India.............................................................. 550
Long, Xiao / Peking University Library, China................................................................................... 78
Mahan, David Ezekiel / National Veterinary Research Institute, Akure, Nigeria............................. 383
Masrich, Fatin Amirah Amirah / Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia......................................... 441

Minson, Valrie Ila / University of Florida, USA.................................................................................... 1
Muhammed, Malisa / Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia........................................................... 441
Nwokocha, Nwanne Mary / Covenant University, Nigeria............................................................... 227
Oguntayo, Sunday / Landmark University, Nigeria.......................................................................... 142
Okocha, Foluke / Landmark University, Nigeria............................................................................... 142
Olawoyin, Olajumoke / Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria.............................................................. 393
Oswal, Sushil K. / University of Washington, USA............................................................................ 123
Otike, Japhet / Moi University, Kenya.............................................................................................. 342
Owolabi, Sola / Landmark University, Nigeria.................................................................................. 142
Oye, Peter Olorunlake / National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies, Kuru, Nigeria............ 383
Oyeniyi, David Ajibola / Federal University Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria.............................. 383
Patel, Dimple / Central University of Himachal Pradesh, India....................................................... 474
Pina, Pedro / Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Portugal.......................................................... 291, 324
Rahman, Md. Mukhlesur / Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), Nomi,
Japan............................................................................................................................................. 532
Ramírez-Montoya, María-Soledad / Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education,
Monterrey, Mexico......................................................................................................................... 423
Rao, Madhava / ARAI, India............................................................................................................. 409
Rao, Yan / Wuhan University Library, China...................................................................................... 24
Sahu, Mahendra Kumar / Gandhi Group of Institutions, Gunupur, India....................................... 216
Sharma, Chhaya / American Center, India......................................................................................... 88
Shirahada, Kunio / Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), Nomi,
Japan............................................................................................................................................. 532
Suksa-ngiam, Watanyoo / The Center for Information Systems and Technology (CISAT),
Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, USA................................................................. 185
Tapfuma, Mass / National University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe & University of
KawaZulu-Natal, South Africa...................................................................................................... 454
Taylor, Laurie N. / University of Florida, USA...................................................................................... 1
Thakur, Deepti / Indian Institute of Advance Study, India................................................................ 474
Upev, Michael Terver / University of Agriculture, Nigeria................................................................ 202

Walker, Ben / University of Florida, USA............................................................................................. 1
Xue, Helen F. / Zhejiang University, China.......................................................................................... 67
Yao, Boyue / Peking University Library, China................................................................................... 78
Yusuf, Felicia / Landmark University, Nigeria.................................................................................. 142
Yuvaraj, Mayank / Central University of South Bihar, India........................................................... 500
Zhang, Yaolei / Wuhan University Library, China.............................................................................. 24


Table of Contents

Preface.................................................................................................................................................... xi
Section 1
Development and Digital Transformation
Chapter 1
Library Collaborative Networks Forging Scholarly Cyberinfrastructure and Radical Collaboration..... 1
Laurie N. Taylor, University of Florida, USA
Suzan A. Alteri, University of Florida, USA
Valrie Ila Minson, University of Florida, USA
Ben Walker, University of Florida, USA
E. Haven Hawley, University of Florida, USA
Chelsea S. Dinsmore, University of Florida, USA
Rebecca J. W. Jefferson, University of Florida, USA
Chapter 2
The Construction and Development of Academic Library Digital Special Subject Databases............. 24
Yan Rao, Wuhan University Library, China
Yaolei Zhang, Wuhan University Library, China
Chapter 3
Cost Issues in Digitalization and Preservation: A Case Study of a Small-Scale Music Library........... 45
Ada Chi Wai Chung, Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong
Kong

Chapter 4
Insourcing and Outsourcing of Library Technology.............................................................................. 59
Edward Iglesias, Stephen F. Austin State University, USA
Chapter 5
The China Academic Digital Associative Library (CADAL)................................................................ 67
Chen Huang, Zhejiang University, China
Helen F. Xue, Zhejiang University, China







Chapter 6
The Construction and Development of the Academic Digital Library of Chinese Ancient
Collections............................................................................................................................................. 78
Xiao Long, Peking University Library, China
Boyue Yao, Peking University Library, China
Chapter 7
Digital Initiatives of the Indian Council of World Affairs’ Library....................................................... 88
Chhaya Sharma, American Center, India
Chapter 8
Analysis of Initial Involvement of Librarians in the Online Virtual World of Second Life.................. 99
Michelle Kowalsky, Rowan University, USA
Section 2
Digital Inclusion, Accessibility, and Usability
Chapter 9
Institutional, Legal, and Attitudinal Barriers to the Accessibility of University Digital Libraries:
Implications for Retention of Disabled Students................................................................................. 123

Sushil K. Oswal, University of Washington, USA
Chapter 10
Demographics, Socio-Economic and Cognitive Skills as Barriers to Information Seeking in a
Digital Library Environment................................................................................................................ 142
Felicia Yusuf, Landmark University, Nigeria
Sola Owolabi, Landmark University, Nigeria
Ayooluwa Aregbesola, Landmark University, Nigeria
Sunday Oguntayo, Landmark University, Nigeria
Foluke Okocha, Landmark University, Nigeria
Toluwani Eyiolorunse, Landmark University, Nigeria
Chapter 11
Discussion on Digital Inclusion Good Practices at Europe’s Libraries............................................... 166
Maria-Jesús Colmenero-Ruiz, Carlos III University of Madrid, Spain
Chapter 12
Users’ Acceptance of Online Literature Databases in a Thai University: A Test of UTAUT2........... 185
Wornchanok Chaiyasoonthorn, Faculty of Administration and Management, King Mongkut’s
Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
Watanyoo Suksa-ngiam, The Center for Information Systems and Technology (CISAT),
Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, USA




Chapter 13
Usability of Digital Resources: A Study of Francis Sulemanu Idachaba Library University of
Agriculture Makurdi............................................................................................................................ 202
Michael Terver Upev, University of Agriculture, Nigeria
Kwaghga Beetseh, University of Agriculture, Nigeria
Joy Asibi Idachaba, University of Agriculture, Nigeria
Chapter 14

Web-Scale Discovery Service in Academic Library Environment: A Birds Eye View...................... 216
Mahendra Kumar Sahu, Gandhi Group of Institutions, Gunupur, India
Chapter 15
Responsive Library Website Design and Adoption of Federated Search Tools for Library Services
in Developing Countries...................................................................................................................... 227
Michael Opeoluwa Fagbohun, Covenant University, Nigeria
Nwanne Mary Nwokocha, Covenant University, Nigeria
Victoria Itsekor, Covenant University, Nigeria
Oyeronke Adebayo, Covenant University, Nigeria
Section 3
Digital Rights and Copyright Issues
Chapter 16
Development and Management of Digital Libraries in the Regime of IPR Paradigm........................ 261
Ranjan Karmakar, Chakdaha College (Affiliated to University of Kalyani), Chakdaha, India
Chapter 17
Digital Libraries and Copyright of Intellectual Property: An Ethical Practice Management.............. 272
Abdullahi A. Bakare, Kwara State University, Nigeria
Chapter 18
Copyright Issues in the Context of the Digital Library....................................................................... 291
Pedro Pina, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Portugal
Chapter 19
Managing Intellectual Property in Digital Libraries and Copyright Challenges................................. 305
Monicah Jemeli Chemulwo, St. Paul’s University, Kenya
Chapter 20
Digital Libraries, Copyright Limitations, and Access for Purposes of Subsequent Academic
Publishing: Still Standing on the Shoulders of Giants?....................................................................... 324
Pedro Pina, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Portugal
Chapter 21
Legal Considerations of Providing Information in Support of Distance Learning by Digital
Libraries in Universities in Kenya....................................................................................................... 342

Japhet Otike, Moi University, Kenya




Section 4
Institutional Repositories
Chapter 22
Management of Institutional Repositories (IR) in Developing Countries........................................... 356
Jerome Idiegbeyan-Ose, Covenant University, Nigeria
Goodluck Ifijeh, Covenant University, Nigeria
Juliana Iwu-James, Covenant University, Nigeria
Julie Ilogho, Covenant University, Nigeria
Chapter 23
Institutional Repositories in Universities in Nigeria: Desirability and Progress................................. 383
Peter Olorunlake Oye, National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies, Kuru, Nigeria
David Ajibola Oyeniyi, Federal University Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
David Ezekiel Mahan, National Veterinary Research Institute, Akure, Nigeria
Chapter 24
Institutional Repositories and Libraries in Nigeria: Interrogating the Nexus...................................... 393
Goodluck Ifijeh, Centre for Learning Resources, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
Oyeronke Adebayo, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
Roland Izuagbe, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
Olajumoke Olawoyin, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
Chapter 25
Use of Institutional Repository for Information Dissemination and Knowledge Management........... 409
Madhava Rao, ARAI, India
Chapter 26
User Experience in Institutional Repositories: A Systematic Literature Review................................ 423
Laura Icela González-Pérez, Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education,

Monterrey, Mexico
María-Soledad Ramírez-Montoya, Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education,
Monterrey, Mexico
Francisco J. García-Palvo, GRIAL Research Group, Department of Computer Science,
Science Education Research Institute (IUCE), University of Salamanca, Salamanca,
Spain
Chapter 27
Students’ Acceptance to Self-Archive in Institutional Repositories towards a Unified View............. 441
Fatin Amirah Amirah Masrich, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia
Noraisah Dili, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia
Umi Amneezatun Hamzah, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia
Malisa Muhammed, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia
Nurafida Aidi, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia
Sailendra Kisar, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia




Chapter 28
Visibility and Accessibility of Indigenous Knowledge on Open Access Institutional Repositories
at Universities in Africa....................................................................................................................... 454
Mass Tapfuma, National University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe & University of
KawaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Ruth Hoskins, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Section 5
Open Access and Electronic Resources
Chapter 29
Managing Open Access (OA) Scholarly Information Resources in a University................................ 474
Dimple Patel, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, India
Deepti Thakur, Indian Institute of Advance Study, India

Chapter 30
Impact of Discovery Layers on Accessing E-Resources in Academic Libraries: A Case Study of
Central University of Bihar.................................................................................................................. 500
Mayank Yuvaraj, Central University of South Bihar, India
Chapter 31
Adoption of Open Source Software in Libraries in Developing Countries......................................... 520
Josiline Phiri Chigwada, Bindura University of Science Education, Bindura, Zimbabwe
Chapter 32
Value Co-Creation in Archival Resources: Exploring the Feature of National Archives of
Bangladesh (NAB)’s Open Access Project.......................................................................................... 532
Md. Mukhlesur Rahman, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST),
Nomi, Japan
Toufiq Ahmed, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), Nomi, Japan
Kunio Shirahada, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), Nomi,
Japan
Chapter 33
Commercial and Open Access Integrated Information Search Tools in Indian Libraries................... 550
Sangeeta N. Dhamdhere, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, India
Ramdas Lihitkar, Government College of Science, India
Chapter 34
Impact of Electronic Information Resources on the Mindset of Researchers...................................... 566
Nazir Ahmad Bhat, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of
Kashmir, Srinagar, India
Index.................................................................................................................................................... 575


xi

Preface

With the role that they play in the management and dissemination of information, libraries have been
expected to keep pace with recent rapid changes in technology. These changes encompass everything
from technologies available to the users of library services to the technologies used to manage physical
and digital resources. Often, repositories are created or adapted to fit the needs of libraries looking to
manage their content, both physical and digital, through a single interface.
These repositories are also essential for the collaborative efforts of libraries or institutions hoping
to share their information with other institutions. However, the open standards of repositories and the
ease of access that they allow to the information stored there can raise ethical questions and concerns.
Copyright and fair use policies and considerations are as essential to the creation and use of these repositories as the technology and interface itself.
While technological advancements have allowed libraries and institutions greater access and easier
dissemination of the information that they require, store, and offer to users, the technologies used by
these institutions must be advancing at the same rate. Additionally, ethical considerations must be made
that protect intellectual property rights while allowing for the ease of access that institutions, such as
libraries, have always been able to offer to their users.
The everchanging landscape surrounding the diverse applications of different scientific areas can
make it very challenging to stay on the forefront of innovative research trends. That is why IGI Global
is pleased to offer this one-volume comprehensive reference that will empower librarians, IT technicians, academicians, researchers, and students with a stronger understanding of digital libraries and
institutional repositories.
This compilation is designed to act as a single reference source on conceptual, methodological, and
technical aspects, and will provide insight into emerging topics including but not limited to content
management, library science, open access, web analytics, and information sharing. The chapters within
this publication are sure to provide readers the tools necessary for further research and discovery in their
respective industries and/or fields.
Digital Libraries and Institutional Repositories: Breakthroughs in Research and Practice is organized
into five sections that provide comprehensive coverage of important topics. The sections are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Development and Digital Transformation
Digital Inclusion, Accessibility, and Usability
Digital Rights and Copyright Issues
Institutional Repositories
Open Access and Electronic Resources



Preface

The following paragraphs provide a summary of what to expect from this invaluable reference source:
Section 1, “Development and Digital Transformation,” opens this extensive reference source by highlighting best practices for the development of digital libraries and addresses challenges that libraries face
when transforming to digital content. The first chapter in this section, “Library Collaborative Networks
Forging Scholarly Cyberinfrastructure and Radical Collaboration,” authored by Profs. Laurie N. Taylor,
Suzan A. Alteri, Valrie Ila Minson, Ben Walker, E. Haven Hawley, Chelsea S. Dinsmore, and Rebecca
J. W. Jefferson from the University of Florida, USA, examines the leveraging of new technological opportunities by librarians. Following this chapter is “The Construction and Development of Academic
Library Digital Special Subject Databases,” by Profs. Yan Rao and Yaolei Zhang from Wuhan University
Library, China, which provides comprehensive research on database building and maintenance. Another
noteworthy chapter within this section, “Cost Issues in Digitalization and Preservation: A Case Study of
a Small-Scale Music Library,” written by Prof. Ada Chi Wai Chung from the University of Hong Kong,
Hong Kong, explores strategies for the preservation of information. Also included within this section is
the chapter “Insourcing and Outsourcing of Library Technology,” by Prof. Edward Iglesias from Stephen
F. Austin State University, USA, which examines the move from in-house library systems to outsourced
systems. Another chapter contained within this section, “The China Academic Digital Associative Library (CADAL),” authored by Profs. Chen Huang and Helen F. Xue from Zhejiang University, China,
provides comprehensive research on the collaboration and resource sharing of major academic libraries. One of the closing chapters, “The Construction and Development of the Academic Digital Library
of Chinese Ancient Collections,” written by Profs. Xiao Long and Boyue Yao from Peking University,
China, explores database management and sharing among collaborative institutions. Another one of the
closing chapters in this section, “Digital Initiatives of the Indian Council of World Affairs’ Library,” by
Prof. Chhaya Sharma from American Center, India, examines the transition from a traditional academic

library to a digital academic library. The final chapter in this section, “Analysis of Initial Involvement
of Librarians in the Online Virtual World of Second Life,” authored by Prof. Michelle Kowalsky from
Rowan University, USA, explores technology use of librarians and the provision of online resources.
Section 2, “Digital Inclusion, Accessibility, and Usability,” includes chapters on equity assurance and
ease of access to information resources and services as well as applications that enhance user-friendliness.
The first chapter in this section, “Institutional, Legal, and Attitudinal Barriers to the Accessibility of University Digital Libraries: Implications for Retention of Disabled Students,” written by Dr. Sushil Oswal
from the University of Washington, USA, examines the impact of accessibility barriers to digital libraries on disabled students’ ability to succeed. Following this chapter is “Demographics, Socio-Economic,
and Cognitive Skills as Barriers to Information Seeking in a Digital Library Environment,” authored
by Profs. Felicia Yusuf, Sola Owolabi, Ayooluwa Aregbesola, Sunday Oguntayo, Foluke Okocha, and
Toluwani Eyiolorunse from Landmark University, Nigeria, which features cutting-edge research on the
importance of demographic and socio-economic influences on information seeking in a digital library
environment. Another chapter contained within this section, “Discussion on Digital Inclusion Good Practices at Europe’s Libraries,” written by Prof. Maria-Jesús Colmenero-Ruiz from the Carlos III University
of Madrid, Spain, examines the social role of digital libraries as agents to promote digital inclusion.
Another noteworthy chapter within this section, “Users’ Acceptance of Online Literature Databases in
a Thai University: A Test of UTAUT2,” by Prof. Wornchanok Chaiyasoonthorn from King Mngkut’s
Institute of Technology, Thailand and Prof. Watanyoo Suksa-ngiam from Claremont Graduate University,
USA, examines online literature databases as an essential resource in higher education settings. One of
the closing chapters, “Usability of Digital Resources: A Study of Francis Sulemanu Idachaba Library
xii


Preface

University of Agriculture Makurdi,” authored by Profs. Michael Terver Upev, Kwaghga Beetseh, and Joy
Asibi Idachaba from the University of Agriculture, Nigeria, explores the usability of library resources
among library staff. The following chapter, “Web-Scale Discovery Service in Academic Library Environment: A Birds Eye View,” by Prof. Mahendra Kumar Sahu from Gandhi Group of Institutions, India,
provides comprehensive research on services that index a wide range of resources in various formats
and allows archives across these various formats to be searched in a single location. The final chapter in
this section, “Responsive Library Website Design and Adoption of Federated Search Tools for Library
Services in Developing Countries,” by Profs. Michael Opeoluwa, Nwanne Mary Nwokocha, Victoria

Itsekor, and Oyeronke Adebayo from Coventry University, Nigeria, examines the shift from physical
library systems and services toward e-services.
Section 3, “Digital Rights and Copyright Issues,” presents coverage on intellectual property issues
that libraries face as more of their services become digital. The first chapter in this section, “Development and Management of Digital Libraries in the Regime of IPR Paradigm,” by Prof. Ranjan Karmakar
from Chekdaha College, India, features cutting-edge research on the management and ethics of digital
libraries and the challenges an online system can face in relation to intellectual property rights. Another
chapter presented early within this section is “Digital Libraries and Copyright of Intellectual Property:
An Ethical Practice Management,” by Prof. Abdullahi Bekare from Kwara State University, Nigeria,
which examines the ethical management of digital collections in compliance with copyright requirements.
This chapter is followed by “Copyright Issues in the Context of the Digital Library,” authored by Prof.
Pedro Pina, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Portugal, which examines the role of libraries in culture
and knowledge as intermediaries between creators and readers. Another noteworthy chapter within this
section, “Managing Intellectual Property in Digital Libraries and Copyright Challenges,” authored by
Prof. Monicah Jemeli Chemulwo from St. Paul’s University, Kenya, examines digital preservation and
dissemination strategies for library collections. One of the closing chapters within this section, “Digital
Libraries, Copyright Limitations, and Access for Purposes of Subsequent Academic Publishing: Still
Standing on the Shoulders of Giants?” written by Prof. Pedro Pina from Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra,
Portugal, provides comprehensive research on current legislation regarding digital copyright from the
perspective of the public interest in scientific research. The final chapter in this section, “Legal Considerations of Providing Information in Support of Distance Learning by Digital Libraries in Universities
in Kenya,” authored by Prof. Japhet Otike from Moi University, Kenya, features cutting-edge research
on the legal challenges librarians face when managing university libraries.
Section 4, “Institutional Repositories,” discusses coverage and research perspectives on institution’s
digital repositories. The first chapter in this section, “Management of Institutional Repositories (IR)
in Developing Countries,” authored by Profs. Jerome Idiegbeyan-Ose, Goodluck Ifijeh, Juliana IwuJames, and Julie Ilogho from Covenant University, Nigeria, examines the management of institutional
repositories in developing countries. Following this chapter is “Institutional Repositories in Universities
in Nigeria: Desirability and Progress,” authored by Prof. Peter Olorunlake Oye from National Institute
for Policy and Straegic Studies, Nigeria; Prof. David Ajibola Oyeniyi, Federal University Technology
Akure, Nigeria; and Prof. David Ezekiel Mahan, National Veterinary Research Institute, Nigeria, examines
academic institutions’ use and adaptation of virtual repositories. Another noteworthy chapter within this
section, “Institutional Repositories and Libraries in Nigeria: Interrogating the Nexus,” written by Profs.

Goodluck Ifijeh, Oyeronke Adebayo, Roland Izuagbe, and Olajumoke Olawoyin, Covenant University,
Nigeria, examines administration practices used by librarians in academia for institutional repositories.
Also included within this section is the chapter “Use of Institutional Repository for Information Disxiii


Preface

semination and Knowledge Management,” authored by Madhava Rao from ARAI, India, which is a
case study about the Automative Research Association of India’s experience using institutional repositories to disseminate information. One of the closing chapters within this section, “User Experience
in Institutional Repositories: A Systematic Literature Review,” by Profs. Laura Icela González-Pérez
and María-Soledad Ramírez-Montoya from Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education,
Mexico and Prof. Francisco J. García-Palvo from University of Salamanca, Spain, examines the motivations and needs of the academic community to promote scientific dissemination using institutional
repositories. Another one of the closing chapters in this section, “Students’ Acceptance to Self-Archive
in Institutional Repositories towards a Unified View,” written by Profs. Fatin Amirah Amirah Masrich,
Noraisah Dili, Umi Amneezatun Hamzah, MalisaMuhammed, Nurafida Aidi, and Sailendra Kisar from
Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia, explores student acceptance on using self-archive in open access
repositories. The final chapter in this section, “Visibility and Accessibility of Indigenous Knowledge
on Open Access Institutional Repositories at Universities in Africa,” authored by Profs. Mass Tapfuma
and Ruth Hoskins from University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, features cutting-edge research on
Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) use in African universities.
Section 5, “Open Access and Electronic Resources,” discusses coverage and research perspectives
on the prevalence of open access and the use of various electronic databases and resources. The first
chapter in this section, “Managing Open Access (OA) Scholarly Information Resources in a University,”
authored by Prof. Dimple Patel from Central University of Himachal Pradesh, India and Prof. Deepti
Thakur from Indian Institute of Advance Study, India, examines open access models, support, and management in academic institutions. This chapter is followed by “Impact of Discovery Layers on Accessing E-Resources in Academic Libraries: A Case Study of Central University of Bihar,” written by Prof.
Mayank Yuvaraj from Central University of South Bihar, India, which examines the implementation of
institutional e-resources as alternative solutions to commercial discovery services. Another noteworthy
chapter within this section, “Adoption of Open Source Software in Libraries in Developing Countries,”
by Prof. Josiline Phiri Chigwada from Bindura University of Science Education, Zimbabwe, provides
comprehensive research on the adoption of open source software in libraries in developing countries.

Also included within this section is the chapter “Value Co-Creation in Archival Resources: Exploring the Feature of National Archives of Bangladesh (NAB)’s Open Access Project,” written by Drs.
Mukhlesur Rahman, Toufiq Ahmed, and Kunio Shirahada from Japan Advanced Institute of Science
and Technology (JAIST), Japan, which examines a case study of The National Archives of Bangladesh
and its different aspects from a value-creation perspective. One of the closing chapters, “Commercial
and Open Access Integrated Information Search Tools in Indian Libraries,” authored by Prof. Sangeeta
N. Dhamdhere from the Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, India and Prof. Ramdas Lihitkar from the Government College of Science, India, explores single-user interfaces used by libraries
to access electronic resources both within and outside of the library. The final chapter in this section,
“Impact of Electronic Information Resources on the Mindset of Researchers,” by Prof. Nazir Ahmad
Bhat from Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agriculture Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, India, assesses the impact of electronic information resources on aspects of research activity.
Although the primary organization of the contents in this work is based on its five sections, offering
a progression of coverage of the important concepts, methodologies, technologies, applications, social
issues, and emerging trends, the reader can also identify specific contents by utilizing the extensive
indexing system listed at the end.
xiv


Section 1

Development and Digital
Transformation


1

Chapter 1

Library Collaborative
Networks Forging Scholarly
Cyberinfrastructure and
Radical Collaboration

Laurie N. Taylor
University of Florida, USA

Ben Walker
University of Florida, USA

Suzan A. Alteri
University of Florida, USA

E. Haven Hawley
University of Florida, USA

Valrie Ila Minson
University of Florida, USA

Chelsea S. Dinsmore
University of Florida, USA

Rebecca J. W. Jefferson
University of Florida, USA

ABSTRACT
Academic libraries and teaching departments sometimes treat Digital Humanities (DH) as radically
new. While DH is radically new in terms of collaborative practices and methods, it is also fundamentally rooted in the humanities and intricately connected to core activities by librarians, especially for
collaboration. In this chapter, we explain how the UF Smathers Libraries leveraged the library digital
collections—with rich technical features and content, and a robust underlying infrastructure—to create
the necessary scholarly cyberinfrastructure to then support the DH community for an environment of
radical collaboration. To do so, we show how librarians leveraged the new DH opportunities to fundamentally enrich and improve existing, seemingly more traditional work, including collection development,
library scholarly councils, collaboration among libraries for print and digital collections, outreach and
instruction, and more.

DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-2463-3.ch001

Copyright © 2020, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited.



Library Collaborative Networks Forging Scholarly Cyberinfrastructure and Radical Collaboration

INTRODUCTION
Academic libraries and teaching departments sometimes treat Digital Humanities (DH) as radically new.
While DH is radically new in terms of collaborative practices and methods, it is also fundamentally rooted
in the humanities and intricately connected to core activities by librarians, especially for collaboration.
This chapter explains how the UF Smathers Libraries leveraged the library digital collections—with rich
technical features and content, and a robust underlying infrastructure—to create the necessary scholarly
cyberinfrastructure to then support the DH community for an environment of radical collaboration. To
do so, UF librarians undertook new DH activities as opportunities to fundamentally enrich and improve
existing, seemingly more traditional work, including collection development, library scholarly councils,
collaboration among libraries for print and digital collections, outreach and instruction, and more.
The overall chapter shows how collaboration to support integrating DH with existing operations,
can support aligning DH with existing needs and using DH to extend and build into new areas specifically by working with and from librarians’ existing skills and expertise. In doing so, the chapter shows
librarians are critically important collaborative partners for DH activities. As Maron and Pickle explain
in “Sustaining the Digital Humanities” factors for success and good practices in the Digital Humanities
includes “Invest in people” and “Knit deep partnerships among campus units” including the libraries
(2014, page 49-50). Further, DH activities are critically important for librarians for growing skills and,
importantly, because DH activities present opportunities that are directly relevant to all academic library
concerns in the digital age, and for coming needs with the age of big data. By focusing on specific projects,
this chapter shows how collaboration among many librarians for DH resulted in measurable benefits.
Included with the different projects covered are reviews of different ways of setting up collaborative
team activities for best capitalizing on all expertise for project success, and for the longer-term needs

associated with transforming positions, roles, and ways of working. The end of the chapter concludes
with a set of recommendations and considerations for undertaking DH successfully for specific projects,
for longer-term success with changed roles for librarians and changed ways of working, and for how DH
can inform and support data management needs, with librarians in the humanities having vital information and expertise to share in developing sustainable data management programs.
The chapter begins with a brief overview of digital collection development in the UF Libraries to
show how the infrastructure developed with and for librarians, scholars, archivists, and many others.
The UF Libraries began digitizing for preservation in the early 1990s, building to today with over 800
digital collections representing over 30 million files for UF and partner institutions, and numerous digital
scholarship and DH projects (UF Digital Humanities Projects, 2015; UF Digital Collections, 2015).
UF’s digital collection development success was made possible through the close collaboration among
subject, functional, and technical specialist librarians, along with partners from many fields. By 2010,
the UF Libraries had centralized servers in UF’s state-of-the-art data center, gaining all the benefits of
cloud computing without the risks associated with external agencies.
The UF Libraries continue to build on this robust core, developing full socio-technical supports (people,
policies, technologies, communities) for digital scholarship and DH, especially with the creation of the
DH Library Group—a librarian-focused group to complement the campus-wide DH Working Group—to
focus on library needs for inclusion and support or DH with the majority of participants being librarians.
UF librarians built from this foundation, developing innovative new projects and services, all the while
working to further innovate and extend on activities, especially through new opportunities with DH. The
overview of this process illuminates the importance of contributions from and collaboration with librar2



Library Collaborative Networks Forging Scholarly Cyberinfrastructure and Radical Collaboration

ians for individual DH projects and for DH at scale, as part of the overall scholarly cyberinfrastructure
in the age of big data. This chapter focuses on several specific projects which are DH projects and are
also simultaneously part of the programmatic work in developing scholarly cyberinfrastructure. Using
specific examples, this chapter shows how DH activities can support: faculty development and reskilling
and upskilling for librarians as they share expertise and blend roles (blending subject, functional, and

technical expertise) while on collaborative DH teams; closer collaborative relationships with librarians
and scholars for the shared subject area; opportunities for multi-institutional collaboration on analog
and digital collection development that support core, traditional work and enables new opportunities;
and more. Specific projects covered include: an internal grant project to create a Scholar’s Council for
the Baldwin Library of Historical Children’s Literature, developing the responsibilities and roles using
a DH project for application and testing; the Centers of Excellence model for collaborative analog and
digital collection development which further emphasizes excellence and expertise with specific subject
librarians; digital scholarship and digital humanities contributions to create scholarly context for digital
libraries as with the Digital Library of the Caribbean (dLOC) and the Jewish Diaspora Collection; collaboration among communities with their collections; and examples of new collaborative teams that
provide foundational support for many projects.
The case study example of UF, with connections to parallels from other institutions and collaborative programs is particularly useful because UF is among the nation’s most academically diverse public
universities with 16 colleges and more than 200 research, service and education centers, bureaus and
institutes. UF’s Libraries form the largest information resource system in the State of Florida, and are
one of the largest library systems in the United States. Within UF’s Library Systems, the humanities
are served from several physical libraries. Humanities support includes Subject Specialist Librarians,
various blended functional, technical, and subject specialists, teams (e.g., Data Management/Curation
Task Force, Digital Humanities Library Group, etc.), and more. UF’s size and comparably lower funding
demand collaborative and innovative approaches, as well as approaches that leverage capacity whenever
possible. This chapter explains the internal collaboration across many different groups within the libraries, with external groups at UF including the DH Working Group, and their relation with external groups
including the new Florida Digital Humanities Consortium (FLDH), which officially launched in 2015.

BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW
One of the early digitization projects by the UF Libraries was the Caribbean Newspaper Imaging Project (CNIP) proposed in 1994. The proposed grant included digitization of newspapers from microfilm,
creation of indexes and abstracts, and plans to “publish and market the converted images in optical disk
format” (UF Libraries, 1994, page 1) even given the limitations of life-expectancy for the optical disk
format because the digital format could lead to new opportunities:
Development of electronic collections and connectivity in the 1990s can engender tremendous energy
to create new collection development efforts, resource sharing, and access programs. The conversion
of microfilm, through digitization, into a computer file which can be distributed through an electronic
network is a technology which potentially solves problems Libraries face in providing effective access

and interdependency programs. (UF Libraries, 1994, page 3)

3



Library Collaborative Networks Forging Scholarly Cyberinfrastructure and Radical Collaboration

Even in the initial, exploratory stages for digitization, before the Internet was a fully viable option
for the delivery of digitized library content, the UF Libraries oriented towards the opportunities for new
collection development efforts, resource sharing, and access programs with digitization. Thus, the UF
Libraries focused on leveraging technology in service to library mission and goals for providing access
to materials and for building collaborative programs to further grow library community networks in
service to shared goals.
The UF Libraries continued to utilize and build upon technologies for digitization, opening the Digital
Library Center in 1999 and launching the UF Digital Collections in 2006 (Taylor & Landor, 2014). In
2006, the UF Libraries also outlined a vision for ongoing growth of the digital collections (Kesse, Haas,
& Sullivan, 2006). The vision for ongoing growth included strategies to build from technologies for
digitization services into value-added activities that utilized technologies in service of library activities,
including investigating and building support for using digital resources for teaching and research, as well
as new supports for libraries, as with integrated statistical reporting, branding support for institutional
content, broad metadata support, building infrastructure to support relationships with vendors to grow
digital collections, and devising and adopting methods to build collections and experience. In doing so,
the UF Libraries were following what Vinopal and McCormick (2013) have explained as “first-of-kind”
projects that require custom supports where the supports for that project are useful for many projects and
thus are part of building the appropriate infrastructure. This is as opposed to “one-of-a-kind” projects
which only support a specific project and do not contribute to shared supporting infrastructure.
From 1994-2006, the UF Libraries undertook many digitization and digital collection building projects
and worked to develop the socio-technical (people, policies, technologies, communities) infrastructure
within the UF Libraries and a shared scholarly cyberinfrastructure across UF and with many distributed

partners. One of the key programs that began during this time was the Digital Library of the Caribbean
(dLOC). Building from the initial core emphasis on shared goals for libraries and the mission and role
of the UF Libraries, the UF Libraries became a founding partner and the technical host institution for
dLOC in 2004 (dLOC, 2015; Wooldridge, Taylor, & Sullivan, 2009). With dLOC:
The Digital Library Center at UF provided the technical expertise necessary to advise the development
of the digital collection. The [dLOC] partners developed a model in which the cultural and national
patrimony would be united online, but the items and the rights would remain with the contributing
partner […] The organizational structure defined in the by-laws, the project’s four-year work plan and
clear evaluation tools have facilitated the project’s continued success. (Wooldridge, Taylor, & Sullivan,
2009, pp. 36-37)
dLOC emphasized bringing together many experts within libraries—and beyond libraries—to ensure
the optimal development of the socio-technical infrastructure for library needs and goals. dLOC presents a model wherein digital library development and digitization activities are done in a collaborative
manner with shared governance to support library needs and goals for access, preservation, shared and
collaborative collection development, technological development, and capacity and community building
among library communities as well as for next steps for collaboration with researchers and teachers for
developing digital scholarship resources, digital humanities projects, data curation.

4



Library Collaborative Networks Forging Scholarly Cyberinfrastructure and Radical Collaboration

The dLOC model served libraries by demanding that technology support and serve the immediate and
ongoing needs for libraries as well as the larger goals, which included that technology support growing
library communities. The dLOC model directly led to the development of the SobekCM Open Source
Digital Repository Software (Sullivan & Taylor, 2014; Taylor & Sullivan, 2014; SobekCM, 2015):
The real-world complexities of the Caribbean ecosystem led to collaborative creation of the Digital Library of the Caribbean (dLOC, www.dloc.com). The variety, complexity, and diversity of needs across
dLOC’s many partners directly supported the development of the SobekCM Open Source Software (http://
sobekrepository.org). Being parallel to and intertwined with the development of dLOC, the SobekCM

software relies on user-focused development. SobekCM has developed in collaboration with dLOC’s
institutional, scholarly, publishing, and other communities, as well as in collaboration with other groups
and systems. Currently, the dLOC and SobekCM communities are expanding with new technologies and
communities to meet data needs. (Sullivan & Taylor, 2014)
The socio-technical approaches again are key, with the technology for the digital library being developed with librarians for library and community needs such that the technology serves as a framework,
network, and meshwork to support thriving growth of the communities of practice for libraries and their
connected communities. Further, by taking a socio-technical approach, the SobekCM Open Source
Software, dLOC, and other collaborative digital library programs and activities were able to flourish
technically by engaging the user community for defining the functional and non-functional requirements,
as with needs for scalability, interoperability, sustainability, ease of use for different user groups and
needs including digital library production, digital scholarship creation and publication, and more. The
demands for non-functional requirements as with sustainability and reliability also supported the UF
Libraries in collaborating more broadly within UF. This included moving the previously internally hosted
and administered web servers to the UF central IT supported campus data centers, which are private
cloud infrastructure with all of the benefits both of cloud technologies for redundancy and up-time and
of hosting and support through an academic institution with shared mission and goals.
The robust socio-technical infrastructure allowed the UF Libraries to thrive in terms of productivity
and impact for the digital library systems and UF Digital Collections. In part because of the highly visible and highly successful status of the UF Digital Collections, the UF Libraries were invited to join the
Research Computing Advisory Committee when UF created Research Computing to:
[P]romote institutional partnerships and technologies resulting in “radical collaboration” – fundamentally new partnerships of faculty, IT and computational specialists across UF and beyond. Radical
collaboration will support the next generation of inquiry – insuring that UF researchers will effectively
compete for resources, using data and information resources to extend human knowledge and capability.
(UF Research Computing Advisory Committee, 2011)
Partnership with UF Research Computing, a major institutional infrastructure provider, has allowed
the UF Libraries to further extend, promote, and connect with scholars and other user communities
who are core communities for the libraries, and to broaden the perception of the roles, activities, and
capacities of the libraries as a collaborative partner for Digital Humanities (DH), digital scholarship,
data curation, and related activities.

5


Library Collaborative Networks Forging Scholarly Cyberinfrastructure and Radical Collaboration

Along with specific projects, programs, and technologies, the UF Libraries developed the critical
human and administrative infrastructures to optimally support DH and related activities. The UF Libraries began a program of implementing the administrative frameworks to support a thriving culture of
collaboration within the libraries. This framework recognized and built upon the expertise and importance of librarians, archivists, and curators, including procedures which officially instituted the Liaison
Librarian as the primary contact for all digital scholarship, DH, and data curation projects and activities
(Taylor, 2013). Under this framework, the Liaison Librarian can be the primary and only contact, or
may draw upon a larger team in the libraries, including functional experts as with the Curator for the
Digital Collections and Digital Scholarship Librarian. However, it is important to note that the Liaison
Librarian is the primary and core, required member of the team. Thus, the UF Libraries reaffirmed the
centrality and significance of librarians, librarianship, libraries, and collaboration for DH. This follows
other findings on DH frameworks. For example, in “Facilitating Communities of Practice in Digital
Humanities: Librarian Collaborations for Research and Training in Text Encoding,” Green explains DH
as a community of practice, where collective learning takes place in a domain through engagement on
an enterprise, with skills and knowledge shared and learned within the community:
Each of the communities in digital humanities has relatively well defined engagement among members
developed through scholarly symposia and social media networks, research collaborations that enable
the community to progress as a whole, and active sharing of research methodologies and skills through
members’ writing and published documentation. Text encoding is a highly focused subfield of digital
humanities that is well suited to be a case of a community of practice given its rich history in the origins
of humanities computing and the well-developed scholarly communications infrastructure developed by
the Text Encoding Initiative Consortium. It is also a scholarly network that presents a strong case study
of the role of librarians in building learning environments that enable scholars to become members of
its community of practice. The ways in which librarians have developed training initiatives and research
collaborations for their scholarly communities around the methods of text encoding can reveal how
they facilitate the entrance of scholars into the constellation of communities of practice within digital
humanities, as well as their own role in sustaining the communities. (Green, 2015)

Green’s article focuses on text encoding specifically, with the framing of the importance of librarians as part of DH communities of practice also true for other shared domains and activities, including
digital collections and digital libraries.
With this wealth of resources in terms of the socio-technical infrastructure including supports for an
active community of practice, UF librarians began the more complex work of utilizing and growing the
existing structure to support particular projects, programmatic needs, and strategic growth for the future.
The more complex activities have taken many forms, including developing specific projects, models and
ways of working, and growing the human infrastructure with communities of practice.

MAIN FOCUS OF THE CHAPTER
Because the UF Libraries focused on the critical role of libraries and librarians for digitization and other
digital initiatives, leveraging those activities in service to the mission and goals of the libraries, librarians at UF were ideally positioned for new opportunities that developed from digital activities, including
6



Library Collaborative Networks Forging Scholarly Cyberinfrastructure and Radical Collaboration

DH. Importantly, UF also created the foundation and context for librarians to pursue new opportunities
from the digital, to have those opportunities enrich, inform, and improve existing activities in collection
development, library scholarly councils, library collaborations for print and digital collections, outreach,
instruction, and more. The projects and activities presented in this chapter provide examples for other
library and digital humanities collaborations in terms of best practices for establishing collaborative
teams, training and skill development for librarians, developing stronger collaborations and collaborative communities within and beyond libraries, and identifying needs and projects within libraries that
also enable new opportunities.

Digital Library of the Caribbean (dLOC)
The Digital Library of the Caribbean (dLOC) has already been introduced in this chapter because dLOC
was both an early project that the UF Libraries participated in and because dLOC was a foundational
project in terms of laying the groundwork for best practices and goals for how to develop collaborative
digital library programs. As explained on the dLOC website:

The Digital Library of the Caribbean (dLOC) is a cooperative of partners within the Caribbean and
circum-Caribbean that provides users with access to Caribbean cultural, historical and research materials held in archives, libraries, and private collections. dLOC comprises collections that speak to
the similarities and differences in histories, cultures, languages and governmental systems. Types of
collections include but are not limited to: newspapers, archives of Caribbean leaders and governments,
official documents, documentation and numeric data for ecosystems, scientific scholarship, historic
and contemporary maps, oral and popular histories, travel accounts, literature and poetry, musical
expressions, and artifacts.
The Digital Library of the Caribbean’s (dLOC) diverse partners serve an international community of
scholars, students, and peoples by working together to preserve and to provide enhanced electronic access to cultural, historical, legal, governmental, and research materials in a common web space with
a multilingual interface. dLOC’s partners collaborate with scholars and teachers for promoting and
performing educational outreach on Caribbean Studies, developing new works of digital scholarship,
and pursuing other research and teaching initiatives.
The amount of open access content available through dLOC surpasses many commercial Caribbean
collections. […] dLOC now provides access to 2 million pages of content related to the Caribbean and
has registered a cumulative total of 36 million page views. (“About dLOC,” 2015)
Goals for dLOC over the past decade have evolved as dLOC’s contents and community have grown.
dLOC’s growing content highlighted the need for greater contextual materials to support access to and
understanding of the content. Libraries and archives often develop and support intellectual access to
materials by providing context through finding aids, instruction, guides, exhibits, and other contextual
supports. In working on dLOC, librarians recognized the need to collaborate with scholars in order to
create intellectual access and context for materials:

7



Library Collaborative Networks Forging Scholarly Cyberinfrastructure and Radical Collaboration

Many of the materials in dLOC are of critical importance for specific research areas. However, because
so many of the materials in dLOC are unique, access has been restricted, with unique items often in remote archives and with additional restrictions on access to ensure they are preserved. These restrictions

create a fundamental lack of access that, in turn, restricts the research possibilities for these materials.
Placing the materials online removes the first of those fundamental obstacles to access. However, the
materials do not exist within the realm of scholarly communications and discourse until they are connected to scholars and those communities and networks. In order for these sorts of unique materials to
be part of the research foundation, curation in terms of context-creation is necessary. (Taylor, VargasBetancourt, & Wooldridge, 2013)
Processes to support these goals including the need to create context led to library and scholar community collaborations. This, in turn, created new contextualizing resources as with online exhibits,
curated online edited editions, teaching guides, collaboratively taught courses with student research on
and contributed to dLOC, and other collaborative activities and products. This also created new relationships for future collaborations and grew the community of practice, as Rogers and Wooldridge explain:
The true test of value of the dLOC content is demonstrated by growing relationships with researchers
and educators that create an environment conducive to new digital humanities collaborations. As more
content becomes available online, the opportunities for collaboration and innovation in scholarship
expand. dLOC in effect serves as a virtual digital humanities center. (2011, p. 5)
Processes to build dLOC as a collaborative digital library also simultaneously supported dLOC as a
center for developing the community of practice with libraries and librarians serving as core collaborative partners in digital scholarship and DH for creating scholarly context for digital libraries as part of
the community of practice.
For lessons learned and outcomes, dLOC demonstrates the value and importance of mission alignment with the core library missions for collaboration on DH activities, to ensure that the new activities
build from and support the core library collaborative goals. Further, dLOC exemplifies the importance
of an explicitly defined model for shared governance. dLOC’s shared governance model defines a collaborative committed to digitization for access, preservation, and building towards future opportunities,
including dLOC’s role in terms of building capacity and community among all partners. Thus, dLOC’s
model includes both governance and a framework for building and sustaining a community of practice,
which is a critical need for supporting collaboration on DH.
The UF Libraries applied lessons learned and outcomes from dLOC in undertaking all subsequent
activities for developing digital libraries, digital collections, and digital scholarship. In turn, and in following best practices for DH, the UF Libraries shared new learnings and findings from other projects
with dLOC as part of supporting and enriching the community of practice.

Isser and Rae Price Library of Judaica and the
Jewish Diaspora Collection (JDoC)
Following the successful example with dLOC, the Isser and Rae Price Library of Judaica at the UF
Libraries actively incorporates digital collections and leverages DH tools and methods in order to build
and promote its collections and create new partnerships. The Judaica Library’s digital collections were
8


Library Collaborative Networks Forging Scholarly Cyberinfrastructure and Radical Collaboration

first established in 2008 with the “Jewish Theology” collection, comprising 27 items. In 2010, these
materials became a sub-collection of a larger “Price Library of Judaica Digital Collection” dedicated to
the digital preservation of the broader scope of the library’s materials. That same year, the Judaica Library
was fortunate to receive its first manuscript archive, the personal papers of Reverend Benjamin Safer,
the first Rabbi of Jacksonville, Florida. In order to satisfy the donor that the collection would receive
wide attention, the curator, contrary to normal accession practices, promised that parts of the collection
would be digitized before they were processed and that those materials would be used to form a unique
digital sub-collection whose contents would be contextualized by the provision of a landing page and
narrative (“The Reverend Benjamin Safer Digital Collection”).
Processes for developing the digital collections and DH evolved iteratively. As the curator undertook
digital activities, feedback and responses pointed to new opportunities and informed approaches for the
next steps. For example, the curator quickly realized that ensuring timely global access to historically
significant primary source materials of this nature would assist greatly in outreach and collection building.
Indeed, further donations relating to the history of the Jewish community in Jacksonville, Florida soon
followed. The Jewish community of Jacksonville was the first such group in the state and yet its story
had been overshadowed by the focus on communities in south Florida. Realizing that there was a clear
gap in the history of Florida Jewry, an important narrative which itself is under-researched, the curator
sought to promote these new materials more widely by creating an online exhibition which linked back
to the digital objects. The Safer Collection was viewed 122 times in January 2012 but three months later,
following the launch of Jewish Jacksonville (2012), this figure had more than quadrupled. To date, the
online collection has been seen by over 2900 visitors to the website.
The number of queries about items in the digital collection pertaining to Florida Jewish history likewise
rose rapidly, as well as requests that more items relating to this subject be made available. Realizing that
the Judaica Library could play an important role in providing the resources for much-needed research
into Florida Jewish history, the curator applied for a grant from the Library Services and Technology Act

(LSTA) to convert the long-standing Florida Jewish newspaper, The Jewish Floridian, from microfilm
into digital format and to form the first collection of a new ethnic newspapers database. The database
was heavily promoted by the grant team to faculty and students on campus, and off campus to members
of the public at museums and public libraries, genealogical society meetings and through webinars. The
sub-collection Florida Jewish Newspapers (2012), of which The Jewish Floridian was the main feature,
was supplied with a landing page and narrative, online tutorials and slide presentations contextualizing
the collection were also embedded within that page. The Jewish Floridian newspaper has since proved
our most popular digital title with over 2 million views recorded to date.
These accomplishments were key to our recent successful application for a National Endowment for
the Humanities (NEH) Challenge Grant. Entitled “Repositioning Florida’s Judaica Library: Increasing
Access to Humanities Resources from Florida, Latin America and the Caribbean Communities,” the
grant will create a $2 million endowment fund to enable the acquisition of materials from these regional
areas and the building of a collaborative digital database, the Jewish Diaspora Collection (JDoC). The
NEH review panel was especially enthusiastic about UF’s intention to model JDoC on the proven excellence of the Digital Library of the Caribbean (dLOC) model. The Jewish Diaspora Collection (JDoC)
will form a collaborative digital collection and community network focused on resources from Florida,
Latin America and the Caribbean. The collection will promote greater knowledge and understanding of
under-researched topics such as the impact of the Jewish diaspora on migration and settlement patterns,

9



Library Collaborative Networks Forging Scholarly Cyberinfrastructure and Radical Collaboration

cultural and religious identities, linguistics, education, politics, slavery and civil rights, trade, commerce,
and land development. JDoC’s first collections will include materials aggregated from the main Judaica
site that pertain to Florida, Latin America and the Caribbean.
New materials are also being identified for JDoC, like the set of oral histories from El Salvador recently
transcribed and translated by UF graduate, Genesis Lara. Lara’s work on these histories has resulted in
a further donation of materials from El Salvador and the discovery that members of that community are

now living in Miami and willing to provide additional testimonies. The collection will be discussed at
this year’s Latin American Jewish Studies Association annual conference, and it signifies an important
first step in providing Jewish resources from under-studied areas in Central America. The collection
will be given context and patrons greater guidance to the subject matter covered by these interviews by
employing simple DH tools such as the provision of a landing page and narrative, as well as the addition
of a timeline and genealogical chart.
JDoC, like its ideological “parent” dLOC, will present a framework for collaboration that focuses on
the preservation and sharing of cultural heritage materials using digital technologies as well as on building the community of practice through the work to digitize and share materials. An example is the Hunts
Bay Cemetery project (2015) which will host the research materials (inventories, catalogs, photographs)
of the Caribbean Volunteers Expedition working to document the historical data captured in the 17th19th century Jewish tombstones of Jamaica. The Hunts Bay Cemetery collection is being created within
dLOC which, with its well-recognized support structure and governance model, will provide greater
visibility and presence for the project until JDoC becomes a better established entity. However, the collection will be aggregated to JDoC where it will serve as a model for attracting other similar projects.
As these research materials are mounted online, the Judaica curator will search for other materials from
Jamaica to digitize in order to complement and enhance this resource. The research group is aiming to
develop the site into a fully-fledged DH project by adding narratives, mapping and timeline features.
Thus, this important first partnership for JDoC, leveraged through association with dLOC, will assist
the Judaica Library in its mission to acquire more materials from these regions by providing a model for
further outreach. In addition, by leveraging simple DH methods and applying them to such collections,
the Library will demonstrate how resources such as these can be enhanced to enrich the user experience.
Importantly, the Judaica Diaspora Collection builds outward from the unusual configuration of area
studies within a special collection administrative structure at UF. The Price Library of Judaica manages
physical holdings of print, manuscript and archival materials in the Special and Area Studies Collections
Department. Area studies collections have been most closely associated with library materials essential
for the study of the people, politics and culture within geographic boundaries, such as national borders
or world regions. Yet Judaica is a good example of a collecting area that often spans multiple locations
in a library. Lisa R. Carter and Beth M. Whittaker note the complexities of where to locate Judaica assets
in their analysis of distinctive collections such as those at UF:
By their nature, Jewish studies materials can be anywhere. At the same time, special collections libraries
sometimes find themselves, despite collection development policies and the best of intentions, becoming
a home for library materials that fall outside their collecting area, but just happen to be old, fragile, or

otherwise vulnerable. In this way, area studies librarians can be purposefully explicit in their collection
building, whereas the special collections curator must manage the realities of providing specialized
custody. (Carter & Whittaker, 365)

10