Subjunctive mood

The Subjunctive mood
Thể giả định
Mr. Anh


PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE
(Hiện tại giả định)
Công thức: V
CÁCH SỬ DỤNG:
1. Diễn tả ước muốn hoặc lời cầu nguyện.
Thí dụ: Heaven help us.
Long live Ho Chi Minh
2. Sau các động từ: command, demand, request,
propose, suggest, intend, recommend, insist, urge,
move, order, ... hoặc các danh từ có gốc từ những
động từ này (intention, proposition, ...)
Thí dụ: The mayor ordered that the prisoner be
released.
It is his order that the prisoner be released.


3. Sau các thành ngữ: it is necessary, it is important, it
is imperative, it is advisable, it is good, it is better, it
is best, it is essential, it is his wish,...
Thí dụ: It is advisable that you be careful in the lab.
Lưu ý: HIỆN TẠI GIẢ ĐỊNH TƯƠNG ĐƯƠNG.
- May + chủ ngữ + V
Thí dụ: May you be happy in all your life.
May God bless you.
- Should + V
Thí dụ: I move that a vote should be taken.

He demands that he should be allowed to meet his
lawyer.


PAST SUBJUNCTIVE
(Quá khứ giả định)
Công thức: V-ED
Đặc biệt, ta sử dụng WERE cho tất cả các ngôi.
CÁCH SỬ DỤNG:
1. Hành động ở điều kiện khơng thật ở hiện tại.
Thí dụ: If I were a king now, I would title you
knight.
What would you do if I wrote on your book?


2. Sau những thành ngữ: I wish (hiện tại) I'd rather,
it is (high) time, would sooner, it is about time,
would to god,...
Thí dụ: It is high time you went home.
Would to god you were a better husband to me.
3. Trong câu so sánh giả định với as if và as though
ở hiện tại.
Thí dụ: He behaves as if he were rich. (In fact, he is
poor.)
She talks to her dog as though it understood her.


PAST PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE
(Q khứ hồn thành giả định)
Cơng thức: Had +p.p.

Quá khứ hoàn thành giả định và quá khứ hoàn
thành cùng dạng.
CÁCH SỬ DỤNG:
1. Câu điều kiện và ước muốn q khứ khơng thật.
Thí dụ: If the World Trade Center had not been
destroyed, leader Omar and his men would not
have been attacked.


Jack would have passed the test last time unless
he had spent so much time in the nightclub.
He wishes that he had been in Da Lat yesterday.
2. Trong câu so sánh giả định với as if và as though
ở quá khứ.
Thí dụ: Last night he spoke to us as if he had been
a king.


The Subjunctive is used after the following verbs:
to advise (that)
to ask (that)
to command (that)
to demand (that)
to desire (that)
to insist (that)
to propose (that)
to recommend (that)
to request (that)
to suggest (that)
to urge (that)

The Subjunctive is used after the following
expressions:
It is best (that)
It is crucial (that)
It is desirable (that)
It is essential (that)
It is imperative (that)
It is important (that)
It is recommended (that)
It is urgent (that)
It is vital (that)
It is a good idea (that)
It is a bad idea (that)


Negative, Continuous and Passive Forms of
Subjunctive
The Subjunctive can be used in negative,
continuous and passive forms.
Negative Examples:
The boss insisted that Sam not be at the meeting.
The company asked that employees not
accept personal phone calls during business
hours.
I suggest that you not take the job without
renegotiating the salary.

Passive Examples:
Jake recommended that Susan be hired immediately.
Christine demanded that I be allowed to take part in
the negotiations.
We suggested that you be admitted to the
organization.
Continuous Examples:
It is important that you be standing there when he
gets off the plane.
It is crucial that a car be waiting for the boss when the
meeting is over.
I propose that we all be waiting in Tim's apartment
when he gets home.


Should as Subjunctive
After many of the above expressions, the word
"should" is sometimes used to express the idea
of subjunctiveness. This form is used more
frequently in British English and is most common
after the verbs "suggest," "recommend" and
"insist."
Examples:
The doctor recommended that she should see a
specialist about the problem.
Professor William suggested that Wilma should
study harder for the final exam.


Use the correct tense:

1. It's important that she (remember) to take her
medicine twice a day.
2. I suggest that Frank (read) the directions carefully
before assembling the bicycle. He doesn't want the
wheels
to
fall
off
while
he
is riding down a hill
3. Mrs. Finkelstein demanded that the heater
(repair) immediately. Her apartment was freezing.
4. It's vital that the United States (focus) on improving
its public education system. What we do now will
affect
our
country
for
generations to come.


5. The monk insisted that the tourists (enter) the
temple until they had removed their shoes.
6. I am not going to sit here and let her insult me. I
demand that she immediately (apologize) for
what she just said.
7. Judy asked that we (attend) her graduation
ceremony next week.
8. Was it really necessary that I (sit) there watching

you the entire time you were rehearsing for the
play?
It
was
really
boring watching you repeat the scenes over and
over again.


9. It is important to remember that Janine
(think) very differently from you. She may not agree
to
the
changes
you
have
made in
the organization of the company.
10. It's a little difficult to find the restaurant. I propose
that we all (drive) together so that nobody gets lost
along the way.
11. The woman insisted that the lost child (take) to
store's information desk so his parents could be
paged.
12. The nutritionist recommended that Sally
(reduce) her
daily
fat
intake.

13. The environmental leader felt it was extremely
important that the people of the city (allow) to
voice
their
concerns
over
the
new hotel being built on the bay.
14. She told me that the government (regulate) the
airline industry. I don't know if that is true.
15. The sign at the pool recommended that you
(swim) after eating a large meal.
16. It is necessary that a life guard (monitor) the
summing pool while the children are taking their
swimming
lessons.


17. The sun is scorching today. I suggest you
(put) on sunblock immediately before you get a
sun burn.
18. John insists that Sarah (invite) to the wedding;
otherwise he will not attend.
19. I think it's an interesting fact that she
(come) from Estonia.
20. It is imperative that the world (work) towards
a solution to global warming before the weather
patterns
of

the
world
are
disrrupted irreparably.


FILL THE GAPS IN THE SENTENCES USING THE
WORDS GIVEN.
1. If I had more money, ……………… (you / marry) me?
2. He wouldn't help you if ……………….(he / not / like)
you.
3. ......................... (you / find) the machine is quite
simple to operate if you look at the manual.
4. ....................................... (your parents / not / be)
proud if they could see you now?
5. If ................................... (I / not / revise)
thoroughly, I may fail my test.
6. If you wanted to buy someone a really good
present, what sort of thing ..........................(you /
look for)?


7. You'd have a lot more friends if ……………….. (you / not /
be) so mean.
8. How ............................. (you / feel) if you were in my
position?
9. Would you change your job if …………………… (you / can)?
10. If the city ________ (expand) the parking lot space
downtown, we would not have to park so far away from
the movie theatre.

11. Whenever my roommate ________ (snore) loudly, I
cannot sleep.
12. Children may be disappointed if they ________ (not
receive) good grades.
13. If we ________ (not take) an exam on the conditional,
we might not have learned it.
14. Maya ________ (not pass) her driving test unless she
calms down.


15. If it ________ (be) winter, all these trees would be
covered in snow.
16. Had it not rained, the farmers ________(lose) all
of their crops.
17. If the airplane had not had a mechanical problem,
we probably __________ (arrive) in Winnipeg by
now.
18. We ________(lie) on the beach in Mexico right
now if we had been able to get our visas on time.
19. I ________ (try) to find more opportunities to
write in English if I were you.
20. If I (win) ______ the lottery, I would go to Paris.