Tài liệu Oxford Collocations Dictionary for students of English_ Chương 2.25 pdf

Ww
wade
verb
• ADV ashore
The men waded ashore.
lout
• PREP. across, in, into, through
We waded across the
stream.
• PHRASES wade knee-deep/waist-deep
Rescuers had
to wade uiaist-deep inflood water.
waft
verb
• ADV gently
The night air wafted gently over them.
around, in,
upA scent of honey wafted upfrom. the hives.
• PREP. across, down, from, into, over, through, up
Spicy smells wafted through the air.
wag
verb
• ADV furiously
The dog raced ahead, its tail wagging
furiously.
wage
noun (also
wages)
• ADJ. decent, fair, good, high
I
inadequate, low,

meagre, small
He busked to supplement his meagre
wages. I
annual, hourly, regular, etc.
I
gross, pre-tax
I
after-tax, net
I
money
I
real
If money wages remain con-
stant and price levels rise, real wagesfall.
I
basic, stand-
ard
a basic wage of
£1
00a week plus tips
I
living
workers
fighting for a lioing
uiage
I
minimum
I
average
• VERB

+
WAGE pay
I
earn
She earns a good wage at
thefactory:
I
live on
How canyou live on such a low wage?
I
increase, keep up, push up, raise
Full employment
pushed up wages.
I
cut, force down, hold down, keep
down
I
supplement
• WAGE
+
VERB increase, rise
I
decrease, fall
• WAGE
+
NOUN earner
I
labour, workers
I
claim

The
union submitted a wage claimfor a
9%
rise.
I
bargaining,
negotiations
I
agreement, settlement
I
cut, reduction
I
controls, freeze, restraint
The government promised
greater tax cuts in return for continued wage restraints.
I
explosion, increase, inflation, rise
I
bill, costs
I
struc-
ture, system
I
differentials
wage differentials between
large and small firms
I
packet
He got his first wage
packet

atfourteeti
years old.
• PHRASES a cut/fall in wages, growth in wages, an in-
crease/a rise in wages
wagon
noun
1vehicle pulled by animals
• ADJ. covered, open
I
horse-drawn
I
hay, supply
• QUANT. train
a long train of supply wagons
• VERB + WAGON drive
I
pull, draw
• WAGON
+
VERB roll
covered wagons rolling across the
prairies
• WAGON
+
NOUN train
I
wheel
2 open railway truck
• ADJ. rail/railway
I

empty
I
full
I
coal, freight, goods
• VERB
+
WAGON pull
wail
noun
• ADJ. loud
I
high, high-pitched
I
banshee
I
distant
Wecouldjust hear the distant wail of a siren.
• VERB
+
WAIL give, let out
I
hear
• PREP with a -
With a wail he threw himself on the bed
and buried his face in the pillow. I -
of
She gave a wail of
anguish.
c:>

Note at SOUND
wail
verb
• ADV. almost
I
helplessly
• VERB + WAIL begin to
I
hear sb
• PREP. for
wailing for her dead husband
with
She
wailed with despair.
• PHRASES weeping and wailing
A crowd of uiomenfol-
lowed the coffin, weeping and wailing.
waist
noun
1 part around the middle of the body
• ADJ. narrow, neat, slender, slim, small, tiny
I
34-
inch,etc.
• WAIST
+
NOUN height
• PREP. about/around/round the/your -
She wore a
broad belt about her waist.

• PHRASES from the waist down/up
A large towel
covered him from the waist down.
stripped to the waist,
waist-deep/-high
Where we were standing, the lake was
uxiist-deep.
2 part of a piece of clothing that goes round the waist
• ADJ. high, low
I
belted, drawstring, elasticated
tight
I
34-inch, etc.
Thesejeans have a 32·inch waist.
• WAIST
+
NOUN measurement, size
I
pocket
waistline
noun
1 measurement of the body around the waist
• ADJ. expanding
• VERB + WAISTLINE watch
Loto-fat foods are ideal for
people who are watching their waistline.
2 part of a piece of clothing
• ADJ. high, low
wait

noun
• ADJ. endless, long
Wehad a long wait tosee the doctor.
I
short
I
agonizing, anxious, nerve-racking, nervous,
worrying
I
frustrating
I
boring, tedious
• VERB
+
WAIT face, have
The accused faces an
agonizing wait while thejury considers its verdict.
• PREP.
-jor
a short toaitfor an ambulance
• PHRASES be worth the wait
The dress was
so
beautiful
when it arrived that it was well worth the wait.
wait
verb
• ADV long
Have you been waiting long?
I

in vain
They
waited in oainfor a response.
I
quietly, silently
I
patient-
ly, politely
He waited patiently while she got ready.
I
anx-
iously, impatiently, nervously, tensely, uneasily
Their
parents waited anxiously for news.
I
breathlessly, ex-
pectantly, with bated breath
I waited with bated breath
for what would happen next. I
about, around
• VERB
+
WAIT have to, must
You'll have to wait until
you're older.
I
can/could hardly, can't/couldn't!
can hard-
ly uxiitfor my holiday!
0

I can't wait toseetheir new baby.
• PREP. for
I'm
waiting for a bus.
till/until
We'll have to
wait until it stops raining.
• PHRASES keep sb waiting
I'm
sorry to have kept you
waiting.
wait a long time
She had to wait a long time for
the right man to come along.
wait a minute/moment
Hey!
Wait a minute! F11come with you!
wait and see
We'll wait
and see what the weather's like before wemake a decision.
waiter, waitress
noun
• ADJ. head
the head waiter in a large restaurant I
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wake
hotel, restaurant
I
wine
I

passing
She ordered a large
vodka and tonic from a passing waiter.
I hovering
(liter-
ary, disapproving),
obsequious
He didn't fancy spending
hours in the restaurant, surrounded by hovering waiters.
• VERB + WAITER, WAITRESS
beckon (to), call (over),
signal (to), summon (over), wave over
He casually waved
over the waitress and settled the bill.
• WAITER, WAITRESS + VERB
arrive with sth, bring
(sb) sth, serve (sb) sth
A waitress arrived with the wine
they had ordered.
• WAITER, WAITRESS
+
NOUN
service
Lunch
is
a buf-
fet meal, while dinner
is
waiter service.
• PHRASES

catch the waiter/waitress's eye
I tried to
catch the waiter's eye to ask for our bill.
e:>
Note at
ron
wake, waken
verb
1 stop being asleep
• ADV.
early, late
She had woken even earlier than usual.
I
suddenly
I
uplwoke up quite late this morning.
• PREP.
from
She hadjust woken upfrom a deep sleep.
• PHRASES
wake (up) to find sth
Any minute now she'd
wake up tofind herself at home safe in bed.
wake (up) with
a start
She woke with a startfrom. a terrible nightmare.
2 make sbstop sleeping
• ADV.
gently
Iwoke himgently.

I up
• VERB
+
WAKE, WAKEN
be careful not to
Be careful
not to wake the children!
walk
noun
1 trip on foot
• ADJ.
brief, little, short
We took a brief walk around the
old quarter.
I good, long, long-distance, marathon
It's a
good
(=
fairly long)
walk to the town centre,
so
I usually
cycle.
0
We went for a long walk after breakfast.
0
He's
done several long-distance walks for charity.
I three-
minute, five minutes', etc.

It's afiue-minute uxilkfrom the
lecture theatre to the restaurant.
0
We live just a feui min-
utes' walk from the station.
I brisk, vigorous
The doctor
advised a brisk walk every day.
I easy, gentle, leisurely
I
hard, strenuous I exhilarating, lovely, pleasant, pretty I
twenty-minute, two-mile, etc. I after-dinner, afternoon,
daily, evening, etc.
I
solitary
She used to enjoy solitary
walks along the cliffs.
I
romantic
I
guided
We went on a
guided walk of the city in the afternoon.
I
charity, spon-
sored
She's doing a 200-mile sponsored walk in aid of can-
cer research.
I circular I coastal, country, forest, hill,
lakeside, nature, riverside, woodland

I
space, tight-
rope
the anniversary of the first space walk
• VERB
+
WALK
do, go for, go on, have, take
The book
contains circular walks you can do in half a day.
0
We'll go
for a walk before lunch.
0
We went on a ten-mile walk
along the coast.
I take sb/sth for
She takes her. dog for a
walk every evening.
I break
They broke their walk at a
pub by the river.
I continue, resume
• WALK
+
VERB
take sb/sth
The walk takes two hours.
o
The walk takes you past a lot of interesting buildings.

• PREP.
on a/the-
He met her on one of his Sunday after-
noon walks.
within (a) -
All amenities are within an easy
walk of the hotel.
I -from, -to
• PHRASES
a walk around
I had a little walk around to
calm my nerves.
2 style of walking
• ADJ.
funny, silly
I
jaunty
I
mincing
I
loose-limbed
I
ungainly
I
fast
I
sedate, slow, stately
• VERB + WALK
do, have
She did a silly walk to amuse

her friends.
0
He has a mincing walk,/ast with short steps.
3 a walk speed of walking
• VERB + WALK
slow to
I
move off at, set off at
The
horses set off at a walk.
862
walk
verb
• ADV.
briskly, fast, quickly, swiftly
I
slowly
I
calmly,
quietly
I got up and walked calmly out into the early even-
ing.
I
cautiously
I
barefoot
She had no sandals and
walked barefoot.
I
ahead, away, back, backwards, for-

ward, in, on, out, together
Jake was walking some way
ahead.
• PREP.
along, down, into, out of, to, towards, up, etc.
She walked cautiously up the drive towards the door.
• PHRASES
go walking
For our holiday we went walking
in the Lake District.
wall
noun
• ADJ.
high, low I long, short I thick, thin I massive
I
back, front, side
I
bare, blank
to stare at a blank wall
I
exterior, external, outer, outside
I
inner, inside, inter-
ior, internal
I
adjoining
I
dividing, partition, party I
boundary, perimeter
I

retaining
They built a retaining
wall around the pond.
I load-bearing
If a load-bearing
wall
is
weakened, the building could fall down.
I
pannelled I bathroom, kitchen, etc. I brick, masonry,
stone, etc.
I
city, garden, harbour, sea
• VERB
+
WALL
build, erect, put up
I
demolish, des-
troy, pull down
I
climb (over), scale
The burglars must
have scaled the side wall.
I
jump down from, jump over I
cover, line, paint, paper, plaster
She covered her walls
with pictures of film stars.
• WALL + VERB

stand I enclose sth, surround sth I
face sth
the wallfacing the door
• WALL
+
NOUN
clock, light
I
cupboard, unit
I
cover-
ing, decoration, hanging, tile
• PREP.
against a/the -
She leant against the wall.
be-
hind a/the -
Nobody can see behind the wall.
on a/the-
She hung the photos on the wall.
I -
along
the wall along
the seafront
-around/round
high walls around the prison
- of
(figurative) a solid wall of fog
wallet
noun

• ADJ.
bulging, fat, stuffed
He pulled a £10 note out of his
fat wallet.
0
a wallet stuffed uiith.fifty-pourui notes
• VERB
+
WALLET
get out, pull out, take out I put
away
• PREP.
in a/the -
He carried a photo of his children in his
wallet.
wallpaper
noun
• ADJ.
faded, peeling
I
floral, flowery, patterned,
striped
I
flock, textured
• QUANT.
roll
six rolls of wallpaper
• VERB + WALLPAPER
hang I be covered/hung with I
strip (off), take off

• WALLPAPER
+
NOUN
paste
waltz
noun
• ADJ.
slow I Viennese
• VERB
+
WALTZ
dance, do
I
play
• WALTZ
+
NOUN
rhythm, time
wander
verb
1 move slowly around a place /go from place to place
• ADY.
slowly
I
aimlessly
I
disconsolately, restlessly
I
happily
I

at will, freely
The cattle are allowed to wander
freely.
I
just, simply
Simply wandering
is
a pleasure in it-
self.
I far, further (afield)
One day she wandered further
afield.
I
about, across, along, around/round, away,
back, in, off, out, over
He just wandered in one day and
asked for a job.
• VERB + WANDER
be free to
Visitors arefree to wander
through the gardens and woods.
I allow sb/sth to, let
sb/sth
How could you let him wander off like that?
• PREP.
across, all over, along, among, around, into,
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out of, round, through, towards
Don't go wandering all
over the house!

o
He wandered into a bar and ordered a
drink.
• PHRASES find sb wandering
They found him wander-
ing around aimlessly.
2 stop concentrating
• ADV. a little
• VERB + WANDER begin to
His attention was begin-
ning to wander.
I
allow sth to, let sth
Lissa let her mind
wander a little.
• PREP. from, to
My thoughts wandered from the exam
questions tomy interview the next day.
wane
verb
• ADV. a little, somewhat
Her popularity was waning
somewhat.
I
gradually, rapidly
• VERB + WANE begin to
Her initial enthusiasm was
clearly beginning to wane.
• PHRASES wax and wane
(=

grow and then decrease)
Public interest in the issue has waxed and waned over the
years.
want
noun
• ADJ. human
• VERB
+
WANT meet, satisfy, see to
a society that sat-
isfied all human wants
• PREP. for - of
Refugees are dying for want of proper
health care.
in -
Thousands of children are living in want.
want
verb
• ADV. badly, desperately, really
I
just, only, simply
I
just want you to be happy. I
genuinely, truly
If you truly
want to help, just do as I say.
I
always
Thanks for the
present-i-it's

just what
I'ue
always wanted.
• PHRASES all you want
All I want is the truth.
exact-
ly/just what you want
war
noun
• ADJ. long, short
I
bloody
I
all-out, full-scale, total
Six years of total war had left no citizen untouched.
I
limited
I
holy, just
I
civil, global, world
I
air, guerrilla
I
atomic, nuclear
I
cold
I
economic, trade
I

price
I
class
• VERB
+
WAR be in, fight in
My grandfather fought in
two world wars.
I
fight, make, wage
The two countries
fought a short but bloody war.
0
The Spartans were per-
suaded to make war on Athens.
o
The terrorists were
charged with waging war against the state.
I
win
I
lose
I
declare
I
go to
The country went to war in
1914.
I
avert,

prevent
I
be ravaged by
• WAR + VERB approach, loom, threaten
I
begin,
break out, come, erupt, start
I
escalate, spread
talks to
prevent the war from escalating
I
continue, drag on, go
on, last, progress, rage (on)
The war ragedfor nearly two
years. I
come to an end, end
• WAR + NOUN years
the shortage of food during the
war years
I
hero, veteran
I
chief, leader
I
casualty, vic-
tim
I
damage
I

correspondent
the war correspondent of
a daily newspaper
I
artist, poet
I
zone
I
effort
Every
available resource went towards the war effort.
I
record
Both candidates have distinguished war records.
I
wound
I
crime, criminal
I
graves, memorial
I
aims
I
damages, reparations
I
baby, bride, widow
I
booty
I
cry, dance

I
machine
the Souiet war machine
• PREP. at -
a country at war
between the -s
(=
between
the First and Second World Wars),
in (a/the) -
killed in
war
0
He took part in the Vietnam War.
I -
against/with
the war against the French
0
a war against drug abuse
- between
war between Iran and Iraq -
on
The US de-
clared war on Japan. -
with
a trade war with the United
States
863
warm
• PHRASES the horrors of war

The country had just
emergedfrom the horrors of civil war.
in a state of war, in
time/times of war
In times of war, troops were billeted in
the mill.
on a war footing
The army had beenplaced on a
warfooting.
the brink of war
The crisis took Europe to the
brink of war.
the outbreak of war
At the outbreak of war,
most children were evacuated to the countryside.
a theatre
of war
These aircraft are designed to take troops and
weapons to any theatre of war in the shortest time possible.
a war of attrition
ward
noun
• ADJ. open, public
I
private
I
hospital
I
maternity,
surgical, etc.

• VERB
+
WARD be admitted to
He was admitted to the
casualty ward.
I
be discharged from
• WARD + NOUN nurse, sister, staff
I
round
The doctor
was doing her morning ward round.
• PREP. in althe -
She spent five days in the maternity
ward.
on the -
How many midwives are on the ward?
warden
noun
• ADJ. chief, head
I
deputy
I
church, college, prison
I
park
I
game
He is chief game warden of the
Masai

Mara
game reserve inKenya.
I
traffic
I
dog
c:>
Note at
JOB
wardrobe
noun
1 large cupboard for clothes
• ADJ. built-in, fitted
I
double
I
walk-in
• VERB
+
WARDROBE open
I
close
• WARDROBE+ NOUN door
• PREP. in althe -
She hung the dress up in the wardrobe.
2 sb's collection of clothes
• ADJ. new
I
extensive
I

autumn, spring, etc.
• VERB
+
WARDROBE have
I
buy
I want to buy a whole
new summer wardrobe.
warehouse
noun
• ADJ. 30 000 sq ft, etc.
I
bonded
The whisky was taken
to bonded warehouses at Port Dundee.
I
distribution, re-
tail, wholesale
I
furniture, goods, grain, whisky, etc.
I
abandoned, derelict, disused
I
dockside, riverside
• VERB
+
WAREHOUSE burn down
• WAREHOUSE+ VERB burn down
• WAREHOUSE
+

NOUN foreman, manager, staff,
worker
He's a uiarehouseforemanfor a remoualsfirm.
wares
noun
• ADJ. ceramic, metal, etc.
I
domestic, household
• VERB
+
WARES sell
I
hawk, peddle, shout, show
(off)
street traders hawking their wares
warfare
noun
• ADJ. open
Rivalry betuieenfootball fans developed into
open warfare.
I
conventional, modern
I
biological,
chemical, germ, nuclear
I
class, gang, internecine, tri-
bal
I
guerrilla, siege, trench

I
aerial, air, naval, sub-
marine
I
jungle, mountain
I
economic, ideological,
psychological
a subtleform. of psychological warfare
• VERB + WARFARE engage in
• PREP. - against
warfare against other tribes -
between
warfare between gangs
warm
verb
• ADV thoroughly
I
gently
I
gradually, slowly
I
rapid-
ly, soon
Wesoon warmed up infront of thefire.
I
sudden-
ly
His voice suddenly warmed. I
through, up

Return the
bowl to the heat to warm through.
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warm
warm
adj.
1 at a fairly high temperature
• VERBS be, feel, look
I
get, grow
How can we get
warm?
0
She felt her face grow warm at his remarks.
I
keep, stay
She tries to keep warm by sitting right next to
thefire.
0
The bread should stay
uiarrn
for at least half an
hour.
I
keep sb/sth
These will keep your feet warm.
I
serve sth
Bake for
15

minutes and serve warm with Greek
yogurt.
• ADV. exceptionally, extremely, particularly, really,
very
I
almostIt was a mild day, almost warm.
I
just
Add
the soured cream and cook, stirring, until just warm.
I
faintly, pretty, quite, reasonably, relatively, slightly
I
enough, sufficiently
Areyou sure YOU'llbe warm enough
dressed like that?
I
beautifully, blissfully, comfortably,
deliciously, pleasantly, wonderfully
sliding further
down into the blissfully warm bed
I
uncomfortably
The
room seemed uncomfortably warm.
I
surprisingly
I
unseasonably, unusually
The night air was soft and

unseasonably warm.
• PHRASES nice (and) warm
Comeand have a nice warm
drink by thefire.
0
That jacket looks nice and warm.
2friendly
• VERBS be, sound
I
become
• ADV. exceptionally, extremely, immensely, marvel-
lously, really, very
an immensely warm and friendly per-
son
I
genuinely
I
surprisingly
warmth
noun
1 a fairly high temperature
• ADJ. comfortable, delicious, enveloping, glowing,
pleasant, seductive, welcome
He moved towards the se-
ductive warmth of the jire.
I
gentle
the gentle warmth of
the autumn sun I
bodily, body

This clothing maintains
your body warmth.
• VERB + WARMTH feel
She couldfeel the warmth of the
child's hand in her own.
I
bask in, enjoy, revel in
We
lay
on the beach, basking in the warmth of the hot sun.
I
add
(figurative) Autumn colours add warmth toa room.
• WARMTH + VERB spread
She sat by the fire and felt
the warmth spread through her body.
• PREP. for -
They found the children huddled together
for warmth.
I
-from
warmthfrom the radiator
2 friendliness or kindness
• ADJ. genuine, real
I
friendly
I
human, personal
She
seems to beaperson without human warmth.

• VERB
+
WARMTH exude, radiate, show
a person who
radiates warmth and kindness
I
be lacking in, lack
warn
verb
• ADV. firmly
I
clearly
I
bluntly
The chancellor bluntly
warned the Cabinet to axe public spending orface higher
taxes.
I
sternly
I
softly
'Don't, , he warned softly.
I
spe-
cifically
We
were specifically warned against buying the
house.
I
duly

Having been duly warned that I would get
nowhere with my application, I went right ahead and ap-
plied anyway.
I
constantly, repeatedly
My mother con-
stantly warned me not togo into teaching.
I
publicly
• VERB
+
WARN had better, have to, must, should
I
must warn you that some of these animals are extremely
dangerous.
0
I thought I should warn her about it.
I
try to
I did try to warn you.
I
fail to
She claimed doctors had
failed to warn her of the risks involved.
• PREP. about
No one had warned us about the unbear-
able heat.
against
We
were warned against drinking the

local water.
of
The report warns of the dangers of smoking.
o
They warned us of the risks involved.
• PHRASES be warned
You will get better-but be
warned, it may bea longprocess.
864
warning
noun
• ADJ. awful, dire, grim, ominous, stark, stern, strong
There were dire warnings about the dangers of watching
too much TV.
I
urgent
I
adequate, advance, ample, due,
early, fair, prior
I need advance warning of how many
people to cater for.
I
clear, direct
I
coded
The explosion
came 20minutes after a coded warning topolice.
I
initial
I

final
The refereefaue him afinal warning.
I
formal, gov-
ernment, official
I
salutary, timely, useful
The team's
defeat is a salutary warning before the World Cup.
I
friendly
I
veiled
Her words sounded like a veiled warn-
ing.
I
audible, visual
There is an audible warning when a
certain speed is exceeded.
I
verbal, written
His employers
have placed him on final written warning.
I
air-raid,
bomb, fire, flood, gale, hazard, storm
There are
39
severe
flood warnings on

22
rivers across the country.
I
health,
safety
Every cigarette packet carries a health warning.
• VERB
+
WARNING give (sb), issue
The police have is-
sued a warning about pickpockets.
I
shout (out), sound
The sirens sound a warning whenjighter planes are sight-
ed.
0
The strike sounded a warning to all employers in the
industry.
I
reiterate, repeat
I
be, serve as
Let this be a
warning toyou not to trespass on my land again!
0
What
happened to him should serve as a warning to all dishon-
estpoliticians.
I
get, receive

I
ignore
I
heed
They failed
to heed a warning about the dangerous currents in the
river.
• WARNING
+
VERB come
The warning came just min-
utes before the bomb exploded.
I
sound
On
2
April
1916
air-raid warnings sounded throughout Edinburgh.
• WARNING
+
NOUN
notice,signRedmarksontheskin
may be a warning sign for this disease.
I
bell, device,
light, signal, system
• PREP in -
The dog growled in warning as we ap-
proached.

without -
He left his wife without warning.
I
- about
a warning about teaching children to swim
- against
a warning against complacency -
of
They sent
us fair warning of their arrival. -
to
The police issued a
warning to all drug users in the city.
• PHRASES a word of warning
He gave us a word of
warning about going out alone at night.
warrant
noun
• ADJ. arrest, death, search
The king refused to sign the
death toarrant for his oldfriend.
I
royal
• VERB
+
WARRANT authorize, grant, issue, serve,
sign
The commissioner has issued a warrant for her ar-
rest.
0

The police served a warrant on him. I
get, obtain
I
execute
Police who executed a search warrant found a
substantial amount of stolen property on thepremises.
• WARRANT + NOUN card
• PHRASES without a -
In certain circumstances, police
may enter premises without a warrant.
I
-for
warrant
verb
• ADV. hardly
The TV appearance was
so
brief that it
hardly warranted comment.
• VERB + WARRANT be important/serious/severe
enough to
They do not consider the case serious enough to
warrant agovernment enquiry.
warranty
noun
• ADJ. general
I
specific
We
can not give a specific war-

ranty for the work done on your property.
I
six-month,
two-year, year's, etc.
• VERB
+
WARRANTY give, provide
I
come with
The
computer comes with ayear's warranty on allparts.
• WARRANTY + VERB cover sth
Corrosion is not
covered by the warranty. I
expire, run out
• WARRANTY
+
NOUN period
I
claim
• PREP. under -
Is your car still under warranty?
I
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- against
a warranty against storm damage -
on
The
warranty on my watch ran outjust before it broke.
• PHRASES breach of warranty

He took legal action
against the company for breach of warranty.
warrior
noun
• ADJ. formidable, great, mighty, noble
I
brave, valiant
I
famous, renowned
• QUANT. band
• WARRIOR
+
VERB fight
warship
noun
• ADJ. modern
I
surface
I
naval
I
nuclear
• QUANT. fleet
• VERB
+
WARSHIP build
I
command
I
lose

Germany
lost two warships during this attack.
• PREP. aboard/on/on board a -
He is serving on a war-
ship in thePacific.
waryadj.
• VERBS be, feel, look, seem
I
become, get, grow
I
re-
main
I
make sb
The strange look in his eyes made me
wary of accepting his offer.
• ADV decidedly, deeply, extremely, very
I
increas-
ingly
I
a bit, a little, rather, slightly
I
instinctively
I
suddenly
Paulafroumed,
suddenly wary.
• PREP about
Be wary about these so-called special

offers.
of
Youshould be very wary ofpeople offering cheap
tickets.
• PHRASES keep a wary eye on sb/sth
toften.figurtuiuev
The Venetians knew to keep a wary eyeon Spanish imper-
ial ambitions.
wash
noun
• ADJ. good
i
quick
I
car
• VERB
+
WASH have
He had a quick wash and shave.
I
do
I'm doing a dark wash
(=
washing all the dark clothes
together).
I
could do with, need
That car could do with a
good wash.
• PREP in the -

(=
being washed or waiting to be
washed)
Your shirt's in the wash.
wash
verb
• ADV carefully, properly, thoroughly
I
gently
She gen-
tly washed and dressed the wound.
I
quickly
• PHRASES freshly/newly washed
the smell of freshly
washed hair
washing
noun
1 cleaning sth with water
• ADJ. frequent
shampoo for frequent washing
I
hand
I
have quite a bit of hand washing to do.
• VERB
+
WASHING do
• WASHING
+

NOUN powder
2 clothes
• ADJ. dirty
• QUANT. line
A line of washing fluttered in the breeze.
pile
piles of dirty washing
• VERB
+
WASHING hang out, put out
Have you got any
pegs
so
I can hang the washing out?
• WASHING
+
NOUN line
washing machine
noun
• ADJ. automatic
• VERB
+
WASHING MACHINE load
I
empty, unload
I
run
How often doyou run your washing machine?
• PREP. inlinto a/the-
865

waste
washing-up
noun
• VERB
+
WASHING·UP do
I
leave
Leave the washing-
up-we can do it in the morning.
• WASHING·UP+ NOUN bowl
I
liquid
wasp
noun
• WASP
+
VERI> fly, crawl
I
sting sb
I
buzz
• WASP
+
NOUN sting
• PHRASES a wasp's nest
wastage
noun
• ADJ. excessive, high
I

natural
Voluntary redundan-
cies and natural wastage will cut staff numbers to the re-
quired level.
I
muscle
Patients need exercise to prevent
muscle wastage.
• VERB + WASTAGE avoid, prevent
I
minimize
I
cut
down on, reduce
I
increase
I
allow for
Buy more paper
than you need toallow for wastage.
waste
noun
1 missing an opportunity to do/use sth
• ADJ. absolute, complete, total, utter
The whole thing
has been a complete waste of time.
I
colossal, great, tre-
mendous
I

awful, criminal, senseless, shocking, ter-
rible
a criminal waste of public money
I
needless, un-
necessary, useless
I
tragic
a tragic waste of human life
I
expensive
I
conspicuous
• VERB + WASTE
gotoIfnobodycomesallthisfoodwill
go to waste.
I
cause
I
avoid
Try to avoid unnecessary
waste.
I
cut down on, reduce
I
minimize
~ PREP. -ofa
waste of energy/resources
2 unwanted substances/things
• ADJ. dangerous, harmful, hazardous, poisonous,

toxic
a dump containing hazardous waste
I
non-toxic
I
high-level, intermediate-level, low-level
I
recyclable
I
agricultural, commercial, industrial
I
domestic, house-
hold, kitchen
All household waste should bedisposed of in
strong garbage bags.
I
clinical, hospital, medical
I
nu-
clear, radioactive
I
chemical
I
plastic
I
organic
I
ani-
mal, human
I

garden, plant
I
municipal
I
liquid, solid
I
food, energy
• VERB
+
WASTE produce
Tonnes of waste are pro-
duced every year.
I
dispose of, dump, get rid of
More
people are dumping waste illegally.
I
clean up
the highly
expensive task of cleaning up toxic waste
I
burn, inciner-
ate
an incinerator for burning hospital waste
I
bury,
store
I
process,
ueetfacilitiesfor

processing radioactive
waste
I
recycle, reprocess
I
deal with, handle, manage
the best solutions for managing w,aste
I
cut down on, re-
duce
I
eliminate
I
export, import
Industrialized coun-
tries continue to export their waste.
• WASTE + VERB contaminate sth, pollute sth
areas
contaminated by industrial waste
• WASTE
+
NOUN collection
I
burial, disposal, incin-
eration
I
storage
I
processing, recycling, reprocess-
ing, treatment

a waste reprocessing plant I
management
I
minimization, reduction
I
bin
I
dump, site, tip
The
river was used for years as an industrial waste dump.
I
outlet, pipe
I
imports
a ban on waste imports
3wastes areas of ground not lived in or cultivated
• ADJ. frozen, icy
thefrozen. wastes of Antarctica
waste
verb
• ADV (not) entirely, (not) totally
In the end her efforts
were not entirely wasted.
I
just, simply
You're just wast-
ing your breath. She never listens.
I
largely
• VERB + WASTE can't afford to, not want to

He didn't
want to waste valuable time in idle gossip.
I
be/seem a
shame to
It seems a shame to waste this good food.
I
not
be going to
I'm not going to waste any more time on the
problem.
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watch
• PREP. onDon'twasteyourmoneyonahotelroom.
• PHRASES
no time to waste
Hurry up-there's no time
to waste!
watch
noun
1 instrument for telling the time
• ADJ.
digital
I
fob, pocket, wrist (also wristwatch)
I
sports
• VERB + WATCH
check, consult, glance at, look at
I

put back/forward
Weput our toatchesforuiard eight hours
before landing in Tokyo.
I
set
Don't forget to set your
watch to local time.
I
wind
Quartz watches don't need
winding
I
have on, wear
I
put on
I
take off
• WATCH
+
VERB
go
My watch is ten years old and it's
still going.
I
stop
Sorry I'm late-my watch has stopped.
I
be slow, lose sth
My watch loses a minute each day.
I

be
fast, gain sth
I
say sth
My watch says three o'clock.
• WATCH + NOUN
face
I
band (also watchband), strap
2guard
• ADJ.
careful, close
I
kept a close watch on my bag as
I
sat on the train.
I
constant, round-the-clock
I
night
• VERB + WATCH
keep, stand
Two soldiers were
ordered to keep watch for enemy aircraft.
I
put
The gar-
rison commander had put an extra watch on the prisoners.
• WATCH + NOUN
committee

I
tower
• PREP.
on -
Some of the crew were sleeping, while others
were on watch.
on the - for
Cats are constantly on the
uiatchfor mice or other small mammals.
watch
verb
• ADV.
carefully, closely, intently
She watched the man
closely to see where he would go.
I
idly
I
impassively,
numbly
I
anxiously, helplessly, warily
She watched
helplessly as her husband was dragged away.
I
open-
mouthed
I
covertly
I

in silence, silently
I
just
I love
just watching the world go by.
• VERB + WATCH
could only
They could only watch in
silence as their possessions were taken away.
I
continue
to
I
pause to, stop to
They stopped to watch the proces-
sion
go
by.
I
love to
I
let sb
He let me watch while he as-
sembled the model.
I
make sb
The women were made to
watch while their children were slaughtered.
• PREP.
for

Wewatchedfor any sign of change in the wea·
ther.
from
They watched from an upstairs window.
in
She
watched in astonishment as he smashed the machine to
pieces.
with
He watched with great interest how she coaxed
the animals towards her.
• PHRASES
sit/stand and watch
She stood and watched
them walk off down the road.
watchdog
noun
• ADJ.
consumer
I
financial, health, industry, pollu-
tion, safety
I
government, independent, official
• VERB + WATCHDOG
act as, be
• WATCHDOG
+
NOUN
body, group, organization

I
role
• PREP. -
for
a consumer watchdogfor transport -
on
the
government's official watchdog on nature conservation
- over
The committee acts as an independent watchdog
over government spending.
water
noun
1 liquid
• ADJ.
boiling, cold, hot, ice-cold, lukewarm, tepid,
warm I clean, clear, crystal-clear, pure
I
dirty
I
fresh
I
brackish, salt
These fish will quickly die in salt water.
I
salty
Abscesses should be bathed in warm salty water.
I
salted
Cook the pasta in plenty of boiling salted water.

I
hard, soft
I
flowing, running
thefust-flouiing water of the
river
0
All the rooms have hot and cold running water.
I
river, sea I surface
The surface water made the road
866
treacherous for drivers.
I
drinking
I
tap
Avoid drinking
the tap water when you first arrive in the country.
I
bot-
tled, mineral, spring
I
waste
I
scarce
• QUANT.
drop
• VERB
+

WATER
drink
I
pour
I
slosh, spill, splash,
spray, sprinkle, spurt, squirt
Don't slosh too much water
on thefloor when you're having a bath.
0
The burst pipe
was spurting water everywhere.
I
filter, purify
I
contam-
inate, pollute
I
turn off/on
They turned the water offfor a
few hours todo some work on the pipes.
• WATER
+
VERB
flow, pour, run
I
gUSh, spurt
Brown
water gushed out of the rusty old tap.
I

drip, trickle
There
was water drippingfrom a hole in the ceiling.
I
lap, slosh,
spill, splash, spray, squirt
Water had got into the boat
and was sloshing about under ourfeet.
I
boil, freeze
• WATER + NOUN
vapour
I
temperature
I
pressure
I
supply
I
resources
I
quality
I
purification, treatment
I
filter
I
pollution
I
shortage

I
level
I
table
Building
can be difficult where the water table lies close to the sur-
face.
I
power
I
company, industry
• PHRASES
water-repellent
water-repellent leather
water-resistant
a water-resistant watch
2 mass of water
• ADJ.
deep, shallow
I
clear
I
muddy, murky, stag-
nant
I
calm, placid, still
the calm waters of Lake Como
I
choppy, rough, stormy
I

dangerous, safe
At last the
boat reached safer waters.
I
flood
The flood water had
caused tremendous damage.
I
rising
They climbed a tree
to escape the rising water.
I
bathing
• WATER + NOUN
sports
• PREP. by- Many goods were transported by water in the
last century.
in the-
I saw something largefloating in the
water.
on the -
The swan landed gracefully on the water.
through the -
The boat cut effortlessly through the water.
under the -
An abandoned village lies under the water of
the reservoir.
• PHRASES
the water's edge
She crouched at the water's

edge to wash her hands.
3 waters sea
• ADJ.
territorial
I
coastal
I
tropical
I
northern,
southern
I
Antarctic, Arctic
I
Atlantic, Pacific, etc.
I
home, foreign, international
I
Japanese, etc.
I
un-
charted
The ship had drifted into uncharted waters.
• PREP.
in/into
-ThesubmarinehadstrayedintoRus-
sian waters.
waterfall
noun
• ADJ.

great, high
I
impressive, magnificent, spec-
tacular
I
small
• WATERFALL
+
VERB
cascade, pour down, tumble
She watched the magnificent waterfall cascade down the
mountainside.
watershed
noun
• ADJ.
important, major, significant
I
cultural, histor-
ical, political
• VERB + WATERSHED
be, mark, represent
I
reach
• WATERSHED
+
VERB
divide sth
Darwin's theory of
evolution was a watershed dividing the old way of think-
ingfrotti the new.

• PREP. -
between
The 19th century marked a watershed
between the country's agricultural past and its industrial
future. -
for
The granting of the vote represented a water-
shed[or the rights of women. -
in
With the strike, a histor-
ical watershed in the development of the trade union move-
ment was reached.
wave
noun
1on water
• ADJ.
big, enormous, giant, great, huge, mountainous
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I
small, tiny I white-capped, white-crested, white-
topped I breaking
I
tidal
Several villages have been des-
troyed by a huge tidal wave.
• VERB
+
WAVE ride
Surfers flocked to the beach to ride
the waves.

• WAVE
+
VERB rise
I
break, fall
Wewatched the waves
breaking on the shore.
I
lap
the gentle sound of waves lap-
ping the sand
I
crash, roar, smash
I could hear the waves
crash against the rocks.
• WAVE
+
NOUN energy, power
• PREP. in the -s
children playing in the waves
on
the-vs
There wereseagulls bobbing on the waves.
• PHRASES the crash/crashing/lap/lapping of the
waves, the crest of a wave
(often figurative) She is on
the crest of a wave at the moment following her Olympic
success,
2 movement of energy
• ADJ. electromagnetic, light, radio, seismic, shock,

sound
• VERB
+
WAVE emit, generate
I
deflect
• WAVE
+
VERB bounce off sth, travel
Sound waves
bounce off objects in their path.
3 increase/spread
• ADJ. big, enormous, huge, massive
I
fresh, new,
next, recent
I
first, second, etc.
the first wave of immi-
gration in the 1950s I
crime
• VERB
+
WAVE send
Hearing the tune again sent
waves of longing through her.
• WAVE
+
VERB sweep (over) sth, wash over/through
sb/sth

With the fall of the Bastille in
1789,
a wave of eu-
phoria swept over Europe.
0
A wave of relief washed over
him as he saw that the children weresafe.
• PREP.
-ofabigwaveofrefugees
4 hand movement
• ADJ. quick
I
cheery, friendly
I
farewell, parting
• VERB
+
WAVE give (sb), return
I returned his wave
and started to walk towards him.
• PREP. with a -
I -
of
He dismissed her thanks with a
quick wave of the hand.
wave
verb
• ADV. gently
reeds waving gently in the breeze
I

vigor-
ously
I
cheerfully, cheerily, happily
I
frantically, wildly
They stood by the side of the road and wavedfrantically. I
vaguely
He waved a hand vaguely in the air.
I
dismis-
sively
I
about/around, aside, back, on, through
She
waved cheerfully and he waved back.
0
The guards waved
us on.
• VERB
+
WAVE turn and/to
He turned to wave to his
mother.
• PREP. at
We waved at the people on the shore.
to
They
waved to us as wepassed.
0

She waved him to a seat.
• PHRASES wave (sb) goodbye
people waving goodbye
to their friends and relatives
wavelength
noun
• ADJ. long, medium, short
I
infrared, ultraviolet
I
vis-
ible
I
acoustic, radio
• VERB
+
WAVELENGTH tune in to
• PREP. on a/the-
Radio One has broadcast on this wave-
lengthfor years.
way
noun
1 method/style
• ADJ. convenient, easy, effective, efficient, good,
ideal, practical, quick, useful
The best way to open it is
with pliers.
I
appropriate, proper, right
I

wrong
I
nor-
mal
I
traditional
I
obvious
I
important
The most im-
portant way to stop accidental drownings is by education.
I
subtle
There is no subtle way to tell someone that you no
longer want them.
I
possible
They've explored every pos-
867
way
sible way of dealing with the problem.
I
alternative, dif-
ferent
I
similar
I
new
I

old
I
funny, mysterious, odd,
strange
God works in mysterious ways.
I
hard
He learned
about the dangers of drugs the hard way.
I
friendly
I
win-
ning
The team got back to their winning ways with a 2-1
victory.
• QUANT. number
There are a number of ways to over-
come this problem.
• VERB
+
WAY
haveFatehasawayofchangingthebest
ofplans.
I
get into, get out of
The women had got into the
way of going up on the deck every evening.
I
explore, look

at
to look at ways of improving language teaching
I
de-
velop, devise, find
I
change, mend
Yourfather is unlike-
ly tochange his ways now.
I
be set in
Grandma is
so
set in
her ways.
• PREP. in a/the-
Canlhelpyou in any way?
• PHRASES in a big way
He then started spending money
in a big way.
in every way
They're different in every way.
in more ways than one
They're alike in more ways than
one.
in its/your own way
He was attractive in his own way.
a kind/sort of way
He was a handsome man in a sinister
sort of way.

(in) one way or another
Most people are
creative in one way or another.
a way of life
the beliefs
and practices of the Hindu way of life
ways and means
Newspapers have ways and means of getting hold of secret
information.
2 route/road
• ADJ. best, quickest, right, shortest
I
wrong
I
own,
separate
(figurative) He's always gone his own way when
it comes to design.
I
covered
Wewalked along the covered
way to the science building.
• VERB
+
WAY
goTmgoingyourwaY,sowecanwalkto-
gether.
0
(figurative) When
uie

finished school, we all went
our separate ways.
I
go out of
(figurative) She went out of
her way to help them.
I
keep/stay out of
(figurative) Let's
keep out of her way while she's in such a bad mood.
I
bar,
block, get in, stand in
Afallen tree blocked the way.
0
(fig-
urative) He wanted togo to university and would let noth-
ing stand in his way.
I
clear, pave, prepare, smooth
(all
figurative) The withdrawal of troops should clear the way
for a peace settlement.
I
give, make
(=
allow
sbjsth
to go
first or take your place) Give way to traffic already on the

roundabout.
0
Make way for the Lord Mayor!
0
Tropical
forest is felled to make way for grassland.
0
(figurative)
The storm gave way to bright sunshine.
I
edge, feel, inch,
make, push, thread, weave, wend, wind, work
He edged
his way along the wall.
0
The river wound its way through
the valley. I
cut, elbow, fight, force, hack, pick, shoulder
Wepicked our way carefully over the jagged rocks.
0
(fig-
urative) Shefought her way up to the top of the company.
I
bluff, talk, trick
(figurative) She bluffed her way through
the exam.
I
lose
She lost her way in thefog.
0

(figurative)
This project seems to have lost its way.
I
find
He couldn't
find a way through the bracken.
0
(figurative) We will
eventually find a way out of the crisis.
I
ask (sb)
She
asked him the way to the station.
I
tell sb
I
know
Doyou
know the way? I
come
(figurative) Have any interesting
articles comeyour way recently?
• PREP. along the -
Wesaw a dreadful accident along the
way.
in the/your-
There wereseveral rocks in the way.
out
of the/your-
Could you please get those boxes out of my

way?
on the/your-
Westoppedfor a snack on the way here.
out of the/your-
The supermarket is a bit out of my way.
I
- across
The way across thefields is longer but pleasanter.
- from, - out of
Can you tell me the way out of here?
- through
The way through the woods is quicker. -
to
the
easiest wayfrom my house toyours
• PHRASES take the easy way out
He took the easy way
out and paid someone to write the article for him.
the way
back/down/forward/here/home/in/out/over/there/u p
We
stoppedfor a drink on the way home.
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weak
3 direction/position
• ADJ. both
Look both ways before crossing the road.
I
right
I

wrong
They'ue gone the wrong way.
• VERB
+
WAY go
Which way did she go?
I
lead, point,
show
He showed us the way.
I
walk
Walk this way,please.
I
look
He looked my way, but didn't seem to recognize me.
• PHRASES the way round/up
Try it the other way
round.
0
Which way up does this boxgo?
4 distance in space/time
• ADJ. long
I
little, short
• VERB
+
WAY come, go
Wehad togo a long way before
ioefound a telephone box.

0
(figurative) The study ofgenes
has come a long way in recentyears. .
• PREP. -from, -to
It's quite a way from my house to the
shops.
• PHRASES all the way
This bus doesn't go all the way so
you'll have to change.
quite a/some way, a way
ahead/away/off
Your birthday is still some way off
weak
adj.
• VERBS appear, be, feel, look, seem, sound
I
become,
go
I
remain
I
leave sb, make sb
When the spasm passed,
it left him weak and sweating.
• ADV. decidedly, extremely, fundamentally, particu-
larly, very
I
a bit, comparatively, fairly, pretty, quite, ra-
ther, relatively
I

curiously
He complained offeeling curi-
ously weak and faint.
I
surprisingly
I
dangerously
I
lamentably
I
suddenly
Her legsfelt suddenly weak.
I
ln-
herently
The judge decided the evidence was inherently
weak and inconsistent.
I
economically, mentally, mill-
tarily, physically, politically
• PREP. at
She's rather weak at maths.
from
She was
tueak
from
shock.
in
He's weak in English.
on

The essay
was a bit weak on detail.
with
He was weak with hunger.
• PHRASES weak at the knees
His sudden smile made
her go weak at the knees.
weaken
verb'
• ADV considerably, greatly, seriously, severely, sig-
nificantly, substantially
I
fatally
The regime wasfatally
weakened by the unrest and violence.
I
further
I
slightly,
somewhat
I
gradually, progressively
Central authority
has beenprogressively weakened since the outbreak of the
civil war.
I
permanently
• VERB + WEAKEN begin to
I
serve to

The division of
Germany had served to weaken the party.
I
tend to
I
be
designed to
an unusual move designed to weaken the
rebels
weakness
noun
1 lack of strength
• ADJ. big, fundamental, great, major, serious, signifi-
cant
I
small
I
physical
I
structural
I
personal
I
mus-
cular
I
political
I
apparent, perceived
exploiting

apparent weaknesses in the system
I
inherent
I
human
• VERB + WEAKNESS have, suffer from
I
cause, cre-
ate
I
exploit
I
assess, identify
I
highlight, point out,
reveal
I
minimize, overcome
• WEAKNESS + VERB be, lie
The greatest weakness of
the scheme lies in its lack of government support.
• PREP. - in
Service conditions soon revealed the inherent
weaknesses in the vehicle's design.
• PHRASES a moment of weakness
In a moment of
weakness I let him drive my car.
a sign of weakness
He
saw compromise as a sign of weakness.

strengths and
weaknesses
The appraisal system seeks to assess employ-
ees' strengths and weaknesses.
2 liking for sth/sb
• ADJ. real
• VERB
+
WEAKNESS have
I'oe got a real weakness for
chocolate.
I
develop
I
overcome
868
• PREP. -for
He worries a lot about his weight, but can't
overcome his uieaknessfor
fatty foods.
wealth
noun
1 money, property, etc.
• ADJ. considerable, enormous, great, untold, vast
I
growing, increasing
I
economic, financial, material,
mineral, natural
The country's strong economy was built

on its mineral wealth.
0
The region possesses a vast nat-
ural wealth, particularly of timber. I
national, personal,
private
• VERB + WEALTH have, possess
I
accumulate, ac-
quire, inherit
I
lose
He lost his wealth through poor in-
vestment.
I
create
• PHRASES a distribution/redistribution of wealth
a re-
distribution of wealth through taxation
2 a wealth of a lot of
• ADJ. enormous, whole
• VERB + WEALTH have
Switzerland has an enormous
wealth of beautiful old buildings.
• PREP. of
<She isa woman of untold wealth.
wealthyadj.
• VERBS be, look
I
become, grow

• ADV. enormously, exceedingly, exceptionally, ex-
tremely, fabulously, immensely, incredibly, seriously
(informal),
very
He is now fabulously wealthy.
I
com-
paratively, fairly, quite, reasonably, relatively
wean
verb
• ADV. gradually
• VERB + WEAN attemptto, try to
• PREP. (away) from
trying to wean her away from gam-
bling
off
They have gradually weaned him off the drugs.
onto
weaning a baby onto solidfood
weapon
noun
• ADJ. deadly, lethal, potent, powerful
He was charged
with assault with a deadly weapon.
I
effective, useful
I
heavy, light
The assault forces used heavy weapons, in-
cluding anti-tank rockets and mortars.

I
automatic
I
atomic, biological, chemical, nuclear
I
offensive, stra-
tegic, tactical
She pleaded guilty to carrying an offensive
weapon.
0
a ban on the use of tactical nuclear weapons
I
murder
I
ultimate
(often figurative) The workers' ultim-
ate weapon was the strike.
I
secret
(oftenfigurative) The
team's secret weapon was their new young defender.
• VERB
+
WEAPON be armed with, carry, have
I
de-
ploy, fire, use
I
use sth as
(oftenfigurative) She used hu-

mour and wit as weapons against her enemies.
I
aim,
point
• WEAPON
+
NOUN system
I
technology
the illegal
transfer of weapons technology to hostile countries
• PREP. - against
(often figurative) This relaxation tech-
nique can serve as an effective weapon against stress.
wear
noun
1 use as clothing
• ADJ. everyday, weekend
I
summer, winter
• PREP. in -
Silk shirts
alioays
feel soft and light in wear.
with -
New shoes usually get more comfortable with wear.
• PHRASES years of wear
This
is
a quality garment

which should give years of wear.
2 clothes
• ADJ. day, evening
I
designer, fashion
I
casual, leis-
ure, outdoor
I
bridal, maternity
I
children's, men's,
women's
310ng use
• ADJ. hard, heavy
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• VERB
+
WEAR withstand
This flooring can withstand
years of hard wear.
• PREP. with -
The stairs had become slippery with
wear.
• PHRASES centuries, years, etc. of wear
The cathedral
steps werepolished smooth by centuries of wear.
4 damage caused by long use
• ADJ. excessive
I

engine, tyre, etc.
• VERB
+
WEAR show
The tyres were beginning toshow
wear.
I
cause
I
minimize, reduce
• WEAR
+
NOUN pattern
the analysis of wear patterns
on prehistoric stone tools I
guarantee
Theflooring comes
with a 20-yearwear guarantee.
• PREP. - on
This new oil reduces wear on the engine.
• PHRASES signs of wear, wear and tear
wear
verb
1
have a piece of clothing on
• ADV. proudly
proudly wearing their uniforms
• VERB
+
WEAR tend to

!tend to wear ajacket to work.
I
refuse to
She refused
to
wearprison clothes.
I
forbid sb to
I
be entitled to
He is entitled to wear the regimental tie.
21ast for a long time
• ADV. badly, well
Those curtains have worn very well.
weariness
noun
• ADJ. great
I
sheer, utter
I
war
• VERB
+
WEARINESS succumb to
She succumbed to
weariness and went to bed.
• WEARINESS
+
VERB overtake sb, overwhelm sb
• PREP. with -

I had slept badly and felt numb with
weariness.
in -
His eyes were half closing in weariness.
I
- in
He detected a note of weariness in her voice.
wearyadj.
• VERBS be, feel, look, seem, sound
I
become, grow
Tve grown rather weary of allyour excuses.
• ADV. very
I
almost
His voice sounded almost weary.
a bit, a little, rather
She looks a little weary.
• PREP. of
Thepeople are weary of war.
weather
noun
• ADJ. beautiful, excellent, fair, fine, glorious, good,
ideal, lovely, perfect, superb
I
adverse, appalling, atro-
cious, awful, bad, dismal, dreadful, foul, gloomy, grim,
inclement, inhospitable, lousy, miserable, nasty, rotten,
rough, terrible, vile, wretched
I

hot, humid, muggy, sul-
try, warm
I
mild
I
bright, clear, sunny
I
calm
I
dry
I
reliable, settled
I
changeable, fickle, uncertain, unpre-
dictable, unsettled
I
extreme, fierce, harsh, severe, vio-
lent, wild
I
bitter, cold, freezing, frosty, icy, wintry
I
cool
I
cloudy, grey
I
damp, rainy, wet
I
foggy
I
blus-

tery, stormy, windy
I
unseasonable/unseasonal,
unseasonably/unseasonally
a spell of unseasonally
wet weather.
• QUANT. spell
• VERB
+
WEATHER brave
Deciding to brave the wea-
ther,he grabbed his umbrella and went out.
• WEATHER
+
VERB clear (up), improve, let up, warm
up
We'llgojust as soon as this weather lets up.
I
hold out,
keep up
If the weather holds out we could go swimming
later.
I
threaten
Bad weather threatened.
I
break, deteri-
orate, worsen
It was warm and sunny until the weekend,
but then the weather broke.

I
become sth, get sth, turn
sth
Next day the weather turned cold.
I
remain sth, stay
sth
I
close in, set in
The weather closed in and the climb-
ers had to take shelter.
0
I wanted to mend the roof before
the cold weather set in.
I
allow, permit
I sat outside as
often as the weather allowed.
0
We're having a barbecue
next Saturday, weather permitting.
(You cannot say
869
website
'weather allowing'.)
I
prevent sth
Stormy weather pre-
vented any play in today's tennis.
I

change
• WEATHER
+
NOUN conditions
Theplanecrashedinto
the sea in adverse weather conditions.
I
patterns, system
the effects of global warming on the world's weather pat-
terns
0
The Atlantic weather systems had been kind.
I
forecast, report
I
data, records
I
satellite, station
I
chart, map
• PHRASES a change in the weather
We hadn't bar-
gained for such a dramatic change in the weather.
in all
weathers
The lifeboat crews go out in all weathers.
the va-
garies of the weather
She packed all kinds of clothes to
cope with the vagaries of the English weather.

whatever
the weather
He swims in the sea every day, whatever the
weather.
weather
verb
1
pass safely through sth
• ADV. successfully, well
Their company had weathered
the recession well.
• VERB
+
WEATHER manage to
(figurative) The com-
pany has managed to weather the storm.
2 change in appearance because of the sun/air/wind
• ADV. badly
Some of the stone has weathered quite badly.
weave
verb
• ADV. specially
The carpet was specially woven to com-
memorate the
1
OOOthanniversary of the cathedral's foun-
dation. I
skilfully
(often figurative) Hall skilfully weaves
the historical research into a gripping narrative.

I
inex-
tricably, intricately
(both figurative) The whisky is inex-
tricably woven into Scotland's history, customs and cul-
ture.
I
together
weaving the threads together
• PREP. from
a basket wovenfrom strips of willow
into
A
pattern is woven into thefabric.
web
noun
1
that a spider makes
• ADJ. spider/spider's
• VERB
+
WEB build, make, spin, weave
2 complicated series/network of sth
• ADJ. complex, complicated, intricate, tangled
• VERB
+
WEB create, form, weave
The mass media
forms a web of communications.
I

be drawn into
More
and morepeople weredrawn into his web of deceit.
• PHRASES a web of deceit/deception, a web of in-
trigue, a web of relationships
3 the Web on the Internet
• VERB
+
WEB access
I
browse, surf
• WEB
+
NOUN page
I
browser, server
I
resource,
service
I
network, ring
I
design, development
I
pub-
lishing
I
designer, developer, editor, host, master (also
webmaster), user
I

directory, guide, index
I
access
I
tool
• PREP. on the-
Ifound this survey on the Web.
q
Special page at COMPUTER
website
noun
• ADJ. Internet
I
official, unofficial
the official website
of Liverpool FC
I
comedy, commercial, company, edu-
cation/educational, golf, news, personal, travel, etc.
• VERB
+
WEBSITE look for, search for
I
access,
browse, check out, log into/onto, look at, visit
I
search
I was searching this history website for something about
Alexander the Great.
I

bookmark
I
have
I
build, create,
design, develop, make, set up
Weshow you how to make
your own website in ten simple steps.
I
launch
I
upload
I
host, maintain, run, update
• WEBSITE
+
VERB be/go down
There were
so
many vis-
itors tothe website that it went down.
• WEBSITE
+
NOUN address,
URL
I
designer
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wedding
• PREP.

on a/the-
Youcanfind details of all ourproducts
on our website.
• PHRASES
a link to a website
This page includes lots of
links to other websites you may find interesting.
q
Special page at
COMPUTER
wedding
noun
• ADJ.
church, registry office
I
royal
I
white
• VERB
+
WEDDING
attend, come to, go to
I
arrange
I
invite sb to
I
conduct
The wedding will be conducted by
the local vicar.

• WEDDING
+
VERB
take place
The royal wedding will
take place in June.
• WEDDING
+
NOUN
day, night
I
invitation
I
plans,
preparations
I
date
Wehaven't set a wedding date yet.
I
dress, gown
I
clothes, outfit, suit
I
band, ring
She had a
plain wedding band on her third finger:
I
finger
a ring on
her wedding finger

I breakfast, feast I ceremony, ser-
vice
I
vows
I
procession
I
party, reception
I
celebra-
tions
I
speech
I
cake
I
gift, present
I
list
We were
choosing what present to buyfrom the wedding list they'd
sent.
I
group, guests, party
I
album, photographs,
video I anniversary I bells
(figurative) After going out
with her boyfriend for a year, she started talking about
wedding bells.

• PREP.
at a/the -
I met her at my brother's wedding.
wedge
verb
• ADV. firmly, tightly
• PREP.
against, behind, between, into, under
She
wedged a chair firmly under the door handle.
• PHRASES
wedge sth in place/position, wedge sth
open/shut
Someone had wedged the door open with a
brick.
Wednesday
noun
q
Note at DAY
wee
noun
• VERB
+
WEE
do, have, take
I
be bursting for, need,
want
Mummy, I need a wee.
I

go for
I'm going for a wee.
weed
noun
• ADJ.
annual, perennial
I
aquatic, pond, water
• VERB
+
WEED
kill
I
clear, pull up, remove
I
control,
keep down, keep under control
Routine maintenance of
the garden consists of keeping weeds under control.
• VERB
+
WEED
grow, spread
I
push up, spring up
There were weedspushing up through the gravel.
• WEED
+
NOUN
control

I
killer (also weedkiller)
I
growth
I
seed, seedling
week
noun
• ADJ.
last, past
I
previous
I
coming, following, next
I
consecutive, successive
They won I-Ofor thefourtb. con-
secutive week.
I
entire, full, whole
It's the first time for
ages Tve done a
full
week's work.
I
working
I
busy, hard
I quiet
It's been a very quiet week for me.

I 3·day, 40-
hour, etc.
He earns enough money towork afour-day week.
• VERB + WEEK
spend
We spent two weeks in France
last summer.
I
take
• WEEK + VERB
elapse, go by, pass
The week passed
very slowly.
• PREP.
by the-
They're paid by the week.
during/in the-
Igo out most weekends, but rarely during the week.
for a-
I
haven't seen him for weeks.
in a-
We'll be back in a week.
in -s
It hasn't rained in weeks.
over/under a -
It's over a
week since she rang me.
per-
How much do you earn per

week?within
a/the-
I'll have the reportfinished within the
next couple of weeks.
870
• PHRASES
a day of the week
Which day of the week was
it?
weekend
noun
• ADJ.
long
I took Friday off, and spent a long weekend
uisiting friends.
I
wetIt will be a wet uieekendfor much of
England and Wales.
• VERB
+
WEEKEND
spend
• WEEKEND
+
NOUN
break, trip, visit
I
home, retreat
• PREP.
atthe-

Whatareyoudoingattheweekend?at-s
What do you usually do at weekends?
over the -
The office
is closed over the weekend.
• PHRASES
a weekend away/off
weep
verb
• ADV.
copiously
I
loudly
I
quietly, silently
I
openly,
unashamedly
The people wept openly when his death was
announced.
I
bitterly
I
inconsolably, uncontrollably
His grandmother was weeping uncontrollably.
I
almost
I
a little
• VERB

+
WEEP
begin to, startto
I
wantto
I
make sb
• PREP. atHe wanted to weepat the unfairness of itall.
for
l
felt I could have uieptfor joy.
0
uieepingfor someone who
has died
over
Wehad wept over the death of our parents.
with
She almost wept with happiness.
• PHRASES
break down and weep
Several of the soldiers
broke down and wept.
weep and wail
The mourners fol-
lowed thefuneral procession, weeping and wailing.
weep
buckets
(informal)
{>
weep a lot)

weigh
verb
1 consider sth carefully
• ADY. carefully
I
up
The jury weighed up the evidence
carefully.
• PREP.
against
We weighed the cost of advertising
against the likely gains from. increased business.
2 be considered important
• ADY. heavily, strongly
• PREP.
against
His untidy appearance weighed against
him.
in favour of
This Iact weighed heavily in herfavour.
with
His evidence weighed strongly with thejudge.
weight
noun
1 amount sth weighs
• ADJ.
considerable, enormous, great, heavy, im-
mense
I
light

I
gross, net
I
average, mean
I
sheer (fig-
urative) The sheer weight of visitors is destroying this
tourist attraction.
• VERB + WEIGHT
bear, carry, support
The arch bears
the weight of the bridge above.
I
bend/buckle/col-
lapse/cracklsag/shiftlsink beneath/under, give way be-
neath/under
Many buildings collapsed under the weight
of rain-soaked ash and mud.
0
(figurative) He was buckl-
ing under the weight of his responsibilities.
I
crush sb
beneath/under
I
creak/groan beneath/under
She tried
to bequiet, but the stairs creaked under her weight.
I
stag-

ger/strain beneath/under
The boy was staggering be-
neath the weight of apile of boxes.
• PREP. in-It is about 76 kilos in weight.
2weight of sb's body
• ADJ.
Iow
I
ideal, right
I
excess, surplus
I
target
I
should soon be down to my target weight of 70 kilos.
I
body
I
birth
babies with a low birth weight
• VERB + WEIGHT
watch
I won't have any cake-I have
to watch my weight.
I
gain, put on
I
lose, reduce, shed
He's lost a lotof weight.
I

keep down
I
bear, carry, hold,
support, stand, take
I was worried that the branch
wouldn't take my weight.
I
put, rest
The doctor told me
not to put my weight on this ankle for a month.
I
shift,
transfer
He nervously shifted his uieightfromfoot tofoot.
I
distribute
Stand with your legs apart and your weight
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evenly distributed.
I
hurl, throw
He threw his weight at
the door and it burst open.
• WEIGHT + VERB
go up, increase
I
go down, de-
crease, drop, fall, plummet, plunge
I
fluctuate

People's
body weight canfluctuate during the day.
• WEIGHT + NOUN
gain, loss
I
control
I
problem
3 piece of metal
• ADJ.
heavy, large
I
light
• VERB
+
WEIGHT
lift
She did circuit training and lifted
weights to build herfitness.
• WEIGHT + NOUN
lifting, training
• PHRASES
weights and measures
4 heavy object
• ADJ.
heavy I dead
With difficulty she managed topull
his dead weight onto the bed.
I
leaden

(figurative) A lead-
en weight lay on her heart as she waved him goodbye.
• VERB
+
WEIGHT
lift
Heavy weights should be lifted
with a straight back.
5 importance/influence of sth
• ADJ.
due, sufficient
Environmental considerations
were given due weight in making the decision.
I
insuffi-
cient
I
considerable
I
sheer
How can you ignore the
sheer weight of medical opinion?
I
economic, financial,
intellectual, political
America's economic weight
• VERB
+
WEIGHT
attach, give, place

They attach too
much weight to academic achievement.
I
carry
Her opin-
ion seemed to carry little weight in the company.
I
add,
lend
The new evidence added considerable weight to the
prosecution's case.
0
Sir Lean lent his weight to the Tory
campaign yesterday.
• PHRASES
put/throw your weight behind sth, weight
of numbers
The rebels were defeated by sheer weight of
numbers.
weighted
adj.
• VERBS
be, seem
• ADV.
equally
The exam consists of six equally weighted
questions.
I heavily I unfairly
• PREP.
against

This new legislation
is
unfairly weighted
against the small farmer;
in favour of
The course
is
heavily
weighted injaoour of engineering.
towards
measures that
are weighted towards small investors
weird
adj.
• VERBS
be, feel, seem, sound
I started to feel quite
weird.
• ADV.
really, very
I
a bit, a little, pretty, quite, rather
It
all sounds a bit weird to me.
• PHRASES
weird and wonderful
Some of their clothes
were really weird and wonderful.
welcome
noun

• ADJ.
big, enthusiastic, friendly, great, rapturous,
rousing, special, tumultuous, warm
The audience gave
the band a rousing welcome.
I
broad, general
The pro-
posals have been given a broad welcome by green cam-
paigners.
I
cautious, guarded, qualified
I
cool, cold,
chilly
I
official
I
hero's
She got a hero's welcome on her
returnfrom the Olympics.
• VERB + WELCOME
get, receive
I
extend, give sb
I
await
A warm welcome awaits you at this family-run
hotel.
I outstay/overstay your

Sensing that he had out-
stayed his welcome, hequickly said his goodbyes and left.
• PREP.
in -
She held out her arms in welcome.
I -from
The proposal received a cautious welcomefrom the Oppos-
ition. -
to
A big welcome to our special guest, Sir James
Greenan.
0
They received a cold welcome to their new
home.
• PHRASES
a smile of welcome, a speech of welcome,
words of welcome
871
well-being
welcome
verb
1greet sb/be pleased sb has come
• ADV.
heartily, warmly
if
you visit our town you will be
warmly welcomed.
I
formally, officially
I

back
The
toholefamily turned out to welcome him back.
• VERB
+
WELCOME
be delighted to, be pleased to
I
prepare to, wait to
The school
is
preparing to welcome the
new intake of students.
• PREP.
into
He welcomed us into the club.
to
We are de-
lighted to welcomeyou to ourfirm.
• PHRASES
look forward to welcoming sb, welcome sb
with open arms
They welcomed the new volunteers with
open arms
(=
with enthusiasm).
2 be pleased about sth and support it
• ADV.
enthusiastically, particularly, greatly, warmly
Many companies have warmly welcomed these changes in

legislation.
I positively
We positively welcdme applica-
tionsfromallsectionsofthecommunity.
I
broadly
I
cau-
tiously
Foreign bankers and economists cautiously wel-
comed the minister's initiative.
I initially
• PHRASES
be generally/universally/widely welcomed
Theproposals have been widely welcomed.
welcome
adj.
• VERBS
be, feel
I
make sb
They made us very welcome
in their home.
• ADV.
doubly, especially, extremely, highly, more
than, most, particularly, very
The
1
%
rate cut is highly

welcome.
0
You would bea most welcomeguest.
I
perfect-
Iy, quite
You areperfectly welcome tostay here:I can't offer
five-star accommodation, that's all.
I not at all, not en-
tirely
He made it plain that Holman's interest in his busi-
ness affairs was not at all welcome.
I
always
Visitors are
always welcome.
• PREP.
to
New members are welcome to the club.
welfare
noun
1good health and happiness
• ADJ.
animal, child, community, employee, family,
personal, student
people concerned about child welfare
• VERB + WELFARE
improve, promote
The govern-
ment's policies will promote the welfare of all citizens.

2 money, etc. from the government
• ADJ.
state
• WELFARE
+
NOUN
state
theprovision of services such
as health through the welfare state
I
agency, authorities,
department, programme, provision, services, system
I
officer, worker I clinic, facilities I benefits, payments
lone parents living on welfare benefits
I
budget, costs,
spending I cuts I fraud, scrounger
The new govern-
ment promised to clamp down on welfare scroungers.
• PREP.
on-
the number offamilies on welfare
well
noun
1for water
• ADJ. deep, shallow
I
artesian
I

holy
I
wishing
• VERB
+
WELL
dig, sink
• WELL + VERB
run dry
2 for oil
• ADJ.
oil
• VERB + WELL
drill
well-being
noun
• ADJ.
general I emotional, mental, physical, psycho-
logical, social, spiritual
I
human, personal
I
econom-
ic, financial, material
• VERB
+
WELL-BEING
contribute to, ensure, foster,
promote
A better water supply would contribute dramat-

ically to the villagers' well-being.
I threaten
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west
• PHRASES health and well-being, a sense of well-
being She uiasfilled with a sense of uiell-being.
west
noun, adj.
q
Note
at DIRECTION
wet
verb
• ADV. thoroughly Wetyour hair thoroughly before ap-
plying the shampoo.
I
slightly
• PREP. with Wetthe towel slightly with warm water.
wet
adj.
• VERBS be, feel, look
I
become, get, turn Wegot soak-
ing wetjustgoingfrom the car to the house.
0
The weather
may turn wet later on in the week.
I
get sth Mind you
don't get your feet wet.

• ADV. dripping, extremely, really, soaking, sopping,
very His clothes were dripping wet. I a bit, a little, quite,
rather, slightly It's still quite wet outside.
I
permanently
permanently wet conditions
• PREP. with The grass was wet with dew.
• PHRASES wet through Wewere uietthrough and cold.
whale
noun
• ADJ.
beached, stranded
• QUANT. school
• VERB
+
WHALE hunt
I
harpoon
• WHALE + VERB swim
I
dive
I
sing
I
blow (sth)
We
saw a whale blowing ajet of spray high in theair.
I
breach
sth Ahead, the whale breached the surface of the water.

I
beach itself, be washed up
• WHALE
+
NOUN hunting
I
meat, oil
I
stocks man-
agement and conservation of whale stocks
wheat
noun
• ADJ.
ripe I cracked, whole I durum I spring, winter
• QUANT. ear, grain
I
bag, sack, sheaf
I
field
• VERB
+
WHEAT grow
I
sow
I
cut, harvest
I
thresh
I
grind

I
eat
• WHEAT
+
VERB grow
• WHEAT
+
NOUN harvest
I
field
I
flour, germ
wheel
noun
1 on a bicicyle, car, etc.
• ADJ. bicycle, car, etc.
I
spare
I
front
I
back, rear
I
nearside
I
offside
I
loose, wobbly
I
alloy

• WHEEL + VERB change, replace A tyre blew and we
had tochange the wheel.
• WHEEL + VERB go round, spin, turn The wheels were
still going round.
0
(figurative) The political wheel had
turnedfull circle, and he was back in power.
I
skid, slide,
slip
He braked suddenly, causing thefront wheels toskid.
I
crunch, scream, shriek the sound of wheels crunching
over snow
I
come off, fall off
I
lock She braked too hard
and the wheels locked.
• WHEEL
+
NOUN arch, base, bearings, hub, nut, rim,
trim
I
clamp
• PREP.
on-s
A child was pulling along a little dog on
wheels. under the-s Shefell under the wheels of a bus.
2

(also
steering wheel)
• VERB + WHEEL grip
I
turn
I
take I drove thefirst 200
miles and then Steve took the wheel.
• WHEEL + NOUN lock
• PREP. at the - The bus set off again with afresh driver
at the wheel. behind the - I saw the car drive past, but
didn't recognize the woman behind the wheel.
wheelchair
noun
• ADJ. electric, motorized, powered
• VERB
+
WHEELCHAIR use
I
manoeuvre Anthony
872
manoeuvred his wheelchair out from behind his desk.
I
push
I
be confined to He's been confined to a wheelchair
since the accident.
• WHEELCHAIR + NOUN access I user better access for
wheelchair users
I

athlete
• PREP. by - In town, she gets about by wheelchair. in
a/the - It's hard toget around ifyou're in a wheelchair.
• PHRASES accessible by wheelchair, wheelchair ac-
cessible facilities/vehicles, etc.
whereabouts
noun
• ADJ. current, present
I
unknown The present where-
abouts of the manuscript is unknown.
I
exact, precise
• VERB
+
WHEREABOUTS know She did not say where
she was going, and nobody knows her whereabouts.
whiff
noun
• ADJ. faint
I
strong
I
unmistakable (often figurative)
detecting the unmistakable whiff of electoral blackmail
• VERB
+
WHIFF catch, get, detect I caught the whiff of
whisky on his breath.
0

(figurative) Journalists caught a
whiff of scandal and pursued the actress relentlessly.
• PREP.
-ofa
uihiff ofperfume
• PHRASES at the faintest/first/merest whiff of sth (fig-
urative) He always retreated emotionally at thefirst whiff
of conflict.
while
noun
• ADJ. brief, little, short
I
fair, good, long, some Things
continued quietfor some while.
• VERB + WHILE take r11mend it for you, but it could
take a while.
• PREP. after a - After a while, I began toget bored with
my job. for a/the - They chatted for a while.
0
There's no
need to do anything for the while. in a - r
II
be back in a
while.
• PHRASES all the while The bird hopped across the
lawn, keeping a sharp lookout all the while. once in a
while Everybody makes a mistake once in a while
(=
occa-
sionally).

(for) quite a while Hekept me uiaiting for quite a
while. a while back The problems started a while back.
whim
noun
• ADJ. sudden
I
slightest The bird's nest is vulnerable
to the slightest whim of the weather.
I
individual, person-
al
I
political Funding is subject topolitical whim.
• VERB
+
WHIM indulge, pander to, satisfy
I
be sub-
ject to, be vulnerable to, depend on
I
suffer For years
she had suffered her husband's whims.
• PREP. at
(sb'sr-
They seem to beable tochange the rules
of the game at whim.
0
Slaves could be bought and sold at
the whim of their masters. on a - He bought thejacket on a
whim, having seen it by chance in a shop window.

• PHRASES your every whim The child's parents pan-
dered tohis every whim.
whimper
noun
• ADJ. little, small
I
frightened, pathetic
• VERB + WHIMPER give The animal gave apathetic lit-
tlewhimper.
whimper
verb
• ADV softly The dog whimpered softly.
I
pathetically
• VERB
+
WHIMPER begin to, start to
I
hear sb
• PREP. with The boy was whimpering with pain.
• PHRASES whimper like a child He stirred in her arms,
whimpering like a child.
whine
noun
• ADJ. high, high-pitched
I
piercing
I
nasal
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• VERB + WHINE give, let out
I
hear
• PREP. with a-
She spoke with a whine.
I -
of
• PHRASES the whine of a bullet/an engine/a motor
q
Note at SOUND
whine
verb
• ADV. faintly, softly
The engines whined softly in the
background.
I
away
whip
noun
• ADJ. driving, riding
I
bull, horse
• VERB
+
WHIP crack, flick
He cracked the whip and the
horse leaptforuuird.
• VERB + WHIP crack
A hound yelped briefly as a whip
cracked.

• PHRASES the crack of a whip
whip
verb
1
hit sb/sth with a whip
• ADV. soundly
He was taken back to thejail and soundly
whipped.
2 mix sth until it
isliqht
and stiff
• ADV. gently, lightly
Lightly whip the egg whites and
add them tothe mixture.
I
up
whirl
noun
• ADJ, mad
The next few days were a mad whirl of par-
ties.
I
social
It's easy toget caught up in the social whirl.
• PREP. in a-
His mind was in a whirl as he searchedfran-
tically for a solution.
whisky
noun
• ADJ. double, large

I,
single, small
I
stiff
I
neat,
straight
I'll
have my whisky stratght, please.
I
excellent,
fine,'good
a fine malt whisky
I
cheap
I
bootleg
(=
il-
legally made)
I
blended, Irish (spelt whiskey), malt,
Scotch, single-malt
• QUANT, dash, drop, nip
He added a dash of whisky to
his coffee.
I
measure, shot, tot
She poured herself a large
tot of whisky.

I
bottle, flask, glass, hip-flask, tumbler
• VERB
+
WHISKY drink
Do you drink whisky?
I
have
He had a whisky on the rocks.
I
pour (sb)
1
sip
I
gulp,
swig
I
down, finish
I
distil, produce
the art of distilling
whisky
• WHISKY
+
NOUN, drinker
I
bottle, decanter
I
glass,
tumbler

I
chaser
He ordered a beer with a whisky chaser
(=
a small glass of whisky drunk after a beer).
I
busI-
ness, company, distiller, distillery, industry, produc-
tion, sales
• PHRASES whisky on the rocks
(=
with ice)
whisper
noun
• ADJ. barely audible, the barest, faint, gentle, hushed,
low, mere/the merest, soft
I
fierce, harsh
I
audible,
loud, stage
'I knew this would happen,' he said in a stage
whisper
(=
one that he wanted everyone to hear).
I
hoarse, husky, strangled
I
awed, excited, urgent
I

con-
fidential, conspiratorial
• PREP. above a -
Their voices were very quiet, hardly
above a whisper. in a- They spoke in whispers.
whisper
verb
• ADV. softly
I
hoarsely, huskily, thickly
I
fiercely, ur-
gently
'Come on,' he whispered urgently.
I
brokenly,
shakily, unsteadily
I
angrily, bitterly, furiously
I
confi-
dentially, conspiratorially
I
ex~itedly
I
almost, half
I
back'
Yes,,I whispered back. ,
• VERB

+
WHISPER can/could only
He could only whis-
per in reply.
I
hear sb
She heard him whisper her name.
• PREP. about
Lfelt that everyone was whispering about
873
whole
me.
against
'Hush,' he whispered against her hair.
through
'No,' he whispered through gritted teeth.
to
'Let's
go,' she whispered toAnne.
• PHRASES whisper sth in/into sb's ear, whisper sweet
nothings
He held her and iohispered sweet nothings in her
ear.
whistle
noun
1 small metal/plastic tube that you blow
• ADJ. dog, factory, police, train
I
guard's: referee's,
.etc.

I
steam
I
penny, tin
• VERB
+
WHISTLE blow (on), sound
A train sounded
its whistle in the distance.
• WHISTLE
+
VERB blow, go, sound
The referee's whis-
tle wentjust beforeheshot the goal.
• PHRASES a blast on a whistle
He gave a short blast on
his whistle.
2 clear high-pitched sound
• ADJ. loud
I
high, high-pitched, piercing, shrill
I
low
I
long
I
short
I
silent
He pursed his lips in a silent whis-

tle.
I
tuneless
I
wolf
I
final
(sport) They scored their
only goal just before thefiruil whistle.
• VERB
+
WHISTLE give, let out
I
hear
• PREP, with a-
The train entered the tunnel with a shrill
whistle.
I -
of
She gave a low whistle of admiration.
qNoteatsouND
whistle
verb
• ADV. lo'udly
I
softly, under your breath
I
through
your teeth
Norma looked at the parcel and whistled softly

through her teeth.
I
cheerfully
I
tunelessly
• VERB
+
WHISTLE begin to
I
hear sb
• PREP. at
Men whistled at her in the street.
in
James
whistled in amazement.
to
William whistled to mefrom a
distance.
white
noun
• ADJ. egg
Whisk the egg whites until stiff
• VERB
+
WHITE beat, whip, whisk
• PHRASES the white of an egg
Use the whites of two
eggs.
white
adj.

1 of the colour of snow or milk
• ADJ. dead, pure
I
bright, brilliant
I
bone, creamy,
icy, milky
I
dirty, off-
I
plain
q
Special page at COLOUR
• PHRASES as white as snow
2 very pale because of illness or fear
• VERBS be, look
I
go, turn
• ADV. extremely, very
I
rather
• PREP. with
He turned white with anger.
• PHRASES as white as a sheet
whole
noun
1 all of sth
• VERB + WHOLE cover, embrace, encompass, in-
volve, span
The project involved the whole of the univer-

sity.
I
fill, occupy, take up
The library takes up the whole
of thefirst floor.
I
permeate, pervade
Technology perme-
ates the whole of our lives.
2
complete thing
• ADJ, coherent, cohesive, harmonious, homoge-
neous, integrated, organized, seamless
She was strug-
gling to organize her ideas into a coher.entwhole.
I
single
I
complex
The author examines each aspect of Roman so-
ciety, then attempts to summarize the complex whole.
I
meaningful
At this age, babtes do not yet combine sounds
into a meaningful whole.
I
organic
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wide
• VERB + WHOLE

form, make (up)
He tried to fit the
pieces of evidence together to make a coherent whole.
• PHRASES
as a whole
Unemployment is higher in the
north than in the country as a whole.
wide
adj.
1 covering a large area or range
• VERBS
be, seem
I
become
• ADV.
enormously, exceptionally, extraordinarily, ex-
tremely, remarkably, unusually, very
a very wide range
of clothing
I increasingly I fairly, quite, reasonably,
relatively
I
sufficiently
I
surprisingly
2 fully open
• VERBS
be
I
fling sth, open sth, spread sth

He stood up
and flung wide the door to the study.
0
Open your mouth
really wide.
0
He spread his hands wide in appeal.
• ADV.
extremely, really, very
• PREP.
with
Their eyeswere wide withfear.
3notclose
• VERBS
be
I
shoot
I
fall, land
• ADV.
very
I
just
• PREP.
of
Her shotfell just toide of thetarget.
• PHRASES
wide of the mark
(figurative)
(=

not accur-
ate)
Their predictions turned out to be very wide of the
mark.
widen
verb
• ADV.
considerably, greatly
The gap between rich and
poor has widened considerably.
I
slightly
I
gradually,
slowly
I
quickly, rapidly
I
suddenly lout
The road
widens out and becomesa dual carriageway.
• PREP.
from, into
At this point, the river widens into an
estuary.
to
The trade deficit had widened from £26 billion
to £30 billion.
widespread
adj.

• VERBS
be
I
become
I
remain
• ADV.
extremely, remarkably, very
I
increasingly
I
fairly, pretty, quite I sufficiently
I
geographicallyageo-
graphically widespread species
• PREP.
among
Illiteracy is widespread among the poor.
widow
noun
• ADJ.
distraught, grieving I elderly, middle-aged,
young I rich, wealthy I poor I war
• VERB
+
WIDOW
become
I
leave
He died in March

leaving a widow and three children.
• PHRASES
a widow's allowance/pension
width
noun
• ADJ.
great
the great width of his shoulders
I
full, over-
all, total, whole
I
narrow
Thefabric is only available in a
narrow width.
I
maximum, minimum
• VERB + WIDTH
have
The windows have a width of six
feet.
I measure
Measure the width of each side.
I in-
crease I decrease, narrow (to), reduce
The snow had
narrowed the width of the road to a single track.
0
The
road narrows to a wldth of just four metres.

I vary in
• WIDTH
+
VERB
grow, increase
I
decrease I vary
• WIDTH
+
NOUN
measurement
I
fitting
The boots are
available in a choice of width fittings.
• PREP.
across the -
The pattern goes across the full
width of the material.
in-
The car is
1.
775m in width.
wife
noun
• ADJ.
new
I
future (also wife-to-be
informaly

I
ex-,
former
I
deserted
I
divorced, estranged
I
dead, late
I
dependent
With a dependent wife and children, he can't
afford to lose his job.
I
pregnant
I
dutiful, excellent,
faithful, good, loving, loyal, supportive, wonderful
I
874
long-suffering
His long-suffering wife had to put up with
his numerous affairs.
I
attractive, beautiful, charming,
lovely
I
unfaithful
I
jealous

I
domineering, nagging
I
battered
a hostel for battered wives
• VERB
+
WIFE
meet
I first met my wife at university.
I
marry
I
desert, leave, walk out on
I
batter, beat
• WIFE + VERB
give birth
His wife has just given birth
to a son.
wig
noun
• ADJ.
blond, curly
I
powdered
• VERB
+
WIG
have on, sport, wear

Do you think she
was wearing a wig?
I
put on
I
remove, take off
• WIG
+
VERB
perch
The wig seemed to perch on his
head.
• PREP.
in a/the-
Who's that man in the wig?
wild
adj.
1 animals/plants
• VERBS
be, grow, live
The flowers grow wild in the
mountains.
0
The dogs live wild on the streets.
• ADV.
truly
This is truly wild and unspoilt countryside.
2 out of control
• VERBS
be, look

He looked wild and dangerous.
I
go,
run
When the princess appeared, the crowd went wild.
0
They annoy the neighbours because they let their children
run wild.
I
drive sb, make sb
It makes me wild
(=
very
angry)
to seesuch waste.
• ADV.
really, very
I
absolutely I a bit, a little, pretty,
rather
Her hair was rather wild.
• PREP.
with
The crowd was wild with excitement.
wilderness
noun
• ADJ.
last
I
great

I
barren, desert, desolate
I
frozen
I
uncharted
I
unspoilt
I
political
(figurative) the man
who brought the party back from the political wilderness
• VERB
+
WILDERNESS
transform
They transformed
the wilderness into a garden.
I
explore
They set out to ex-
plore the earth's last great wilderness, Antarctica.
• WILDERNESS
+
NOUN
years
(figurative) His wilder-
ness years
(=
when he was out of politics and the public

eye) in the 1990swere spent in North America.
• PREP.
in the-
Wewere hopelessly lost in the wilderness.
wildlife
noun
• ADJ.
abundant
I
endangered, rare
I
indigenous,
local, native
I
marine, urban, wetland
• VERB + WILDLIFE
preserve, protect, save
They
called on the government to help protect native wildlife.
I
attract, encourage
The large variety of native plants at-
tracts wildlife to the area.
I
benefit
I
endanger, threaten
The increasing use of pesticides threatens the wildlife of
the area.
I

damage, harm
I
disturb
Do not allow your
dog to disturb wildlife.
I be (a) home for/to, be rich in
Theforest is home to a wealth of wildlife.
• WILDLIFE
+
NOUN
habitat I area, garden, haven,
park, refuge, reserve, sanctuary, site
The school has its
own small wildlife garden.
I
conservation, manage-
ment, protection I trade
the illegal wildlife trade
I art-
ist, cameraman, film-maker, photographer
• PHRASES
a wealth of wildlife
will
noun
1 power to choose; desire
• ADJ.
indomitable, iron, strong
her indomitable will to
win
0

His unassuming matter concealed an iron will.
I
weak I free I conscious I collective, general1majority,
national, popular, public
Is that the general will, that we
keep the present voting arrangements?
I
individual
I
human
I
divine, God's
I
royal I political
The govern-
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ment lacked thepolitical will to reform the tax system.
(see
also goodwill)
• VERB
+
WILL
have
She's got a very strong will.
I
lack
I
exercise, exert
I
lose

She's lost the will to try and
change things.
I
break, drain, sap
Constant rejection has
sapped her will.
I
regain
I
impose
She usually manages
to impose her will on the rest of the group.
I
bend to, obey
They were taught to obey their father's will without ques-
tion.
I
go against
Myfather didn't want me to leave home,
and I didn't like togo against his will.
• PREP.
against your-
Much against my will, I let him
go.
at-
She believes employers should have the right tohire
andfire at will.
• PHRASES
an act of will
It requires an act of will to make

myself go running in the morning.
a battle/clash of wills
The meeting turned out to be a clash of wills.
an effort of
will
With agreat effort of will he resisted her pleas.
of your
own free will
She left of her oumfree will.
the will of God,
the will to live
She gradually regained the will to live.
2 legal document
• ADJ.
valid
Two people must witness your signature or
your will will not be valid.
I
living
(=
a record of your
wishes regarding medical treatment at the end of your
life)
• VERB
+
WILL
draw up, make
His solicitor drew up the
will. o Hace you made your will?
I

sign
I
leave
She left no
will and was unmarried. I
read
I
alter, change
I
revoke
Remarriage would revoke all previous wills.
I
forge
I
re·
member sb in
She was moved when her neighbour remem-
bered her in his will.
I
administer, execute
I
challenge,
contest
The family decided to contest the will in court.
I
break, overturn, set aside
They succeeded in getting the
will overturned.
• PREP.
by - Some things cannot begiven away by will.

in
a/the -
She left me some money in her will.
under a/the-
Under herfather's will, she gets
£5
000ayear.
• PHRASES
sb's last will and testament
willing
adj.
• VERBS
appear, be, prove, seem
They appear willing
to talk to us.
• ADV.
more than, only too, really, very
I'm more than
willing to get involved.
I
increasingly
I
perfectly, quite
He's quite willing to do the same for you.
I
enough
He
seemed willing enough to listen.
I
apparently

I
always
She is always willing tohelp.
I
no longer
willingness
noun
• ADJ.
general
I
genuine
I
greater, increased
I
grow-
ing, increasing
• VERB
+
WILLINGNESS
demonstrate, display,
lndi-
cate, show, signal
The new government has shown a will-
ingness to listen and learn.
I
announce, confirm, de-
clare, express
Workers' leaders have expressed their will-
ingness tocooperate.
I

demand, depend on, require
Mar-
riage counselling depends on both parties' willingness to
try tosolve problems.
• PREP.
in your -
In her willingness to help them, she
quiteforgot that she wasn't as strong as she had been.
will power
noun
• ADJ.
sheer
I
strong
• VERB
+
WILL POWER
have
I'm no good at slimming.
The trouble is, I'ue got no will power.
I
take
It took all his
will power tostay in and study.
I
summon
He tried tosum-
mon the willpower toget out of bed.
I
need

• PREP.
by -
She managed tofinish the race by sheer will
power.
wilt
verb
• ADV.
visibly
875
wind
• VERB
+
WILT
begin to
Some of the leaves were begin-
ning to wilt.
• PREP.
in
The plants will wilt in direct sunlight.
under
By half time, the team was wilting under thepressure.
with
The passengers were visibly wilting with the heat and
movement of the bus.
win
noun
• ADJ.
big, comfortable, convincing, decisive, easy,
emphatic, handsome, resounding, runaway
I

last-
gasp, narrow
An extra-time penalty gave Barcelona a last-
gasp win over Chelsea.
I
five-point, nine-wicket, single-
shot, two-goal, etc.
I
hard-earned, hard-fought
I
de-
served, well-earned
I
excellent, fine, great, impressive
I
thrilling
I
improbable, remarkable, shock, unexpect-
ed
I
famous
People still talk about the famous win
against Brazil.
I
away, home
I
cup final, league, semi-
final, etc.
I
Democrat, Labour, etc.

• VERB
+
WIN
claim, chalk up, gain, have, notch (up),
record, score
We've had three successive wins in the Na-
tional League.
o
Torino notched up a
2-1
win at Lazio.
I
cruise to, romp to, sweep to
Woods romped to a tz-shot
win in the Open.
I
deserve, earn
I
give sb
I
celebrate
• WIN
+
VERB
come
His only big win came in the
French Open tenyears ago.
I
keep sb, lift sb, put sb, take
sb

Williams's straight-sets win puts her through to the
semifinal.
• PREP.
without a -
They've gone four games without a
win.
I
-against/over
Liverpoolgained a thrilling
5-4
win
over Glenavon.
• PHRASES
a no-win situation
She was in a no-win situ-
ation, taking the blame for things she did not have the
power to change.
win
verb
• ADV.
comfortably, convincingly, easily, hands down,
handsomely, outright
The French team won hands down.
I
narrowlyShenarrowlywonthefirstrace.
I
dulyHeduly
won, but was then sidelined by a leg injury.
I
unexpec-

tedly
I
eventually, finally
• VERB
+
WIN
deserve to
Wedidn't deserve to win-we
played very badly.
I
hope to
I
be expected to, be tipped
to, expect to
The actress is tipped to win an Oscarfor her
performance.
I
be likely to
I
be going to
Who do you
think is going to win?
I
manage to
I
fail to
The far right
party failed to win a single seat.
I
help (to), help sb (to)

qualities which help win business and motivate staff
• PREP.
against
They stand a good chance of winning
against their league rivals. at I never win at tennis.
by
She
won the race by 40metres.
on
The match was eventually
won onpenalties.
• PHRASES
a chance of winning (sth), a chance to win
sth
the chance to win the holiday of a lifetime
be confident
of winning (sth), be capable of winning (sth)
There are a
lot of teams capable of winning the title.
succeed in win-
ning sth
He succeeded in winning their confidence.
wince
verb
• ADV.
a little, slightly
I
inwardly
He winced inwardly at
her harsh tone.

I
visibly
• VERB
+
WINCE
try not to
I
make sb
I
see sb
• PREP. at
She switched on the light, wincing at the sud-
den brightness.
in/with
He winced inpain.
wind
noun
• ADJ.
fierce, gale-force, high, stiff, strong, terrible
Rain and high winds areforecast.
o
There was a stiff toirui
blowing.
I
light, moderate, slight
I
blustery, gusty
I
warm
I

biting, bitter, brisk, chill, cold, icy
The icy wind
cut right through us.
I
howling
I
fair, favourable, good
They set sail the next morning with afair wind.
I
adverse
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wind
Adverse winds swept the boat off course.
I head, tail
A tail
wind made the ride home very relaxing.
I
east, north, etc.
• QUANT.
blast, gust
I
breath
There wasn't a breath of
wind in the still air.
• WIND
+
VERB
blow, blow up, come, cut through
sb/sth, sweep (through) sth
The wind came from the

west.
0
A fierce wind swept through the countryside.
I
howl, moan, roar, whistle
The wind roared through the
tunnel.
I
buffet sth, rattle sth, whip sth (up)
The wind
whipped up the surface of the lake.
I
increase, pick up,
rise
I
abate, die down, drop
Let's wait until the wind
drops before setting sail.
I
change
The wind suddenly
changed and began blouiingjroni the north.
• WIND
+
NOUN
conditions, direction, power, pres-
sure, speed
• PREP.
against the -
We were rowing against the wind.

in the-
aflag flapping in the wind
into the-
Wewere sail-
ing into the wind.
out of-
Let's shelter out of the wind.
• PHRASES
the roar/sound of the wind
wind
verb
• ADV. tight/tightly
I
carefully, neatly
• PREP.
around/round
He wound the bandage tightly
round his ankle.
into
She wound the wool into a ball.
windfall
noun
• ADJ.
unexpected
• VERB
+
WINDFALL
get, have
She had an unexpected
windfall of a thousand pounds when a cousin died.

• WINDFALL
+
NOUN
gains, profits
I
tax
window
noun
1 in a building, car, etc.
• ADJ.
big, huge, long, tall, wide I narrow, small
I
pan-
oramic I floor-length, f1oor-to-ceiling I deep-set
I
arched, bay, bow, casement, dormer, French, lattice,
leaded, picture, rose, sash, skylight, small-paned,
stained-glass
Youget to the garden through French win-
dows at the back of the house.
0
The cathedral has a beauti-
ful rose window.
I plate-glass
I
double-glazed
I
barred, curtained, shuttered
All the windows in the
prison are barred.

I
curtainless
I
open
I
boarded-up
I
blank
No light showed in any of the blank windows of the
house.
I
dark
I
bright, sunny
I
rain-lashed, rain-
streaked I draughty, ill-fitting I dirty, dusty, filthy I
clean
I
steamed-up
I
balcony, basement, bedroom,
kitchen, etc.
I
back, front, rear, side, top, topmost, up-
stairs
I
first-floor, ground-floor, etc. I south-facing,
etc.
I

display, shop
I
car, carriage, train, etc. I back,
driver's, passenger, rear
I
electric
I
smoked, tinted
a
limousine with smoked windows
• VERB
+
WINDOW
gaze out (of), gaze through, look in
(through), look out (of), look through, peer out (of), peer
(in) through, see out (of), see through, stare out of, stare
(in) through
Ifound her looking in the window of a depart-
ment store.
0
It was raining
so
hard I could scarcely see out
the window.
I
lean out of, stick your head out of I knock
on, rap on, tap on
Wetapped on the window toget their at-
tention.
I fling open, force (open), open, throw open

There was evidence that the window had beentorced.
I roll
down, wind down
I rolled down the window to ask.for dir-
ections.
I close, roll up, shut
I
clean, wash
I
break,
shatter, smash
I
replace
• WINDOW + VERB
open, wind down
How does the win-
dow open?
I
close, go up
I
break, shatter, smash
I
blowout
All the windows blew out with the force of the
blast.
I flash, gleam, glint, glow, shine
The windows
glinted in the sunlight.
I
steam up

The windows all steam
up when you have a shower.
I rattle
The windows rattle
when a train goes past.
I
face sth, give a view of sth,
look, overlook sth, stare
a studio with windows looking
876
south towards the park
0
The windows of the house stared
bleakly down at her.
• WINDOW + NOUN
frame, ledge, pane, sill
I
seat
I al-
ways ask for a window seat when Ifly:
I
cleaner
He works
as a window cleaner.
I
display
I
shopping
I love going
window shopping

(=
looking at things in the shops with-
out buying anything).
• PREP.
at the -
He was standing at the window waiting
for us.
by the -
I sat by the window toget some air.
in the-
an advertisement in the shop window
0
Wecaught sight of
him in the window as we passed.
0
There was a vase of
flowers in the window.
0
A bird flew in the open window.
out (of)-
She gazed out of the window at thefalling snow.
through -
They threw a brick through the window.
2 area on a computer screen
• ADJ.
active
Click on the window to make it active.
• VERB
+
WINDOW

open I close
If you closea couple of
windows, the screen will be less cluttered.
I
enlarge,
minimize, resize, shrink
I
drag, move I click on
c;>
Special page at COMPUTER
windscreen
noun
• ADJ.
front, rear I car
• VERB + WINDSCREEN
clean, scrape, wipe
She
scraped the windscreen free of ice.
I
break, chip, crack,
shatter, smash I fit, put in, replace, take out I clear, de-
mist
She switched the wipers on to clear the windscreen.
• WINDSCREEN + VERB
mist up I crack, shatter
• WINDSCREEN
+
NOUN
wiper
• PREP.

on a/the-
I came back tofind aparking ticket on
the windscreen.
through a/the -
Bright evening sunlight
glared through the windscreen.
wine
noun
• ADJ.
red, rose, white I fizzy, sparkling
I
dry
I
sweet
I
light
He served a light white wine with the lunch.
I
full-
bodied, heady, strong
I
fruity
I
sour, vinegary
a cheap
vinegary wine
I mature, young
The younger wines will be
mature after about three years.
I new, old

some new wines
from South Africa
I excellent, expensive, fine, good,
great, quality, vintage
I
cheap, table
I
house
The res-
taurant's house wines are an Australian Chardonnay and
a French red.
I dessert I
fortifiedfortifjed wines such as
port and sherry
I
mulled, spiced
I
chilled
chilled white
wine
I
home-made
I
dandelion, elderberry, rice, etc.
• QUANT.
drop
Would you like another drop of wine?
I
glass, bottle
• VERB + WINE

drink
Do you drink wine?
I
have
TIl
have some wine, please.
I sip, take a sip of
She took a sip
of her wine.
I
gulp, swig, take a gUlp/swig of I pour(sb),
top up
The waiter went round topping up people's wine.
I
make, produce
The winery has been making wine for a
couple of centuries.
I age, mature
wine aged in the bottle
I
chill I serve I ply sb with
They always ply their clients
with wine beforegetting down to business.
• WINE + VERB
flow
!figurative) The unneflouied freely
at the party.
I go to your head
The wine had gone to his
head and he was starting to talk rubbish.

I
breathe
Open
the wine an hour before the meal to let it breathe.
I
be
corked I age, mature
• WINE + NOUN
bottle, glass I list
The restaurant has
an extensive wine list.
I
rack
Itook another bottlefrom the
wine rack.
I
grower, growing
I
merchant
I
tasting
The
supermarket holds occasional wine-tasting sessions.
wing
noun
1 of a bird/insect
• ADJ.
left, right I fore, front
The beetle'sfore wings are
small and are not used in flight.

I back, hind
I
broad,
long, narrow, pointed, short, stubby
I
delicate
I
lea-
thery, membranous
I
broken, damaged
a bird with a
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broken wing
I
outspread, outstretched
I
butterfly,
chicken, etc.
the patterns on butterfly wings
<>
First, fry
the chicken wings in the oil until they begin to brown.
• QUANT.
pair
• VERB
+
WING
extend, open, spread, stretch, unfold
I

close, fold
I
flap, flutter
Itflapped its wingsandflew of!
I
clean
I
clip
(often figurative) Pete felt he had had his
wings clipped when his driving licence was confiscated.
I
grow, sprout
I wish I could sprout wings and fly away.
• WING + VERB
beat, flap, flutter
• WING + NOUN
tip
I
feathers
• PREP.
on a/the -
It had white markings on its wings.
under althe -
The young birds were under the mother
bird's wing.
<>
(figurative) Simon's uncle had taken him
under his wing.
20f a plane
• ADJ.

aircraft
I
left, port I right, starboard I fixed I
folding
• WING
+
VERB
stick out
• WING
+
NOUN
tip
3 of a building
• ADJ.
north, south, etc.
I
private
I
hospital
I
mater-
nity I maximum security(= ofaprison)
• VERB
+
WING
add, build I demolish, destroy, pull
down
A bomb destroyed the east wing.
• PREP.
in a/the-

Our rooms were in the west wing.
40f a car
• ADJ.
nearside, offside I front, rear
• VERB
+
WING
damage, dent
The nearside wing was
damaged in the accident.
I
mend, repair, replace
• WING + NOUN
mirror
• PREP.
in a/the-
There was a dent in one wing.
5 of an organization
• ADJ.
left, right
I
conservative
I
liberal, progressive,
reformist
I
extreme, radical
I
revolutionary
I

moder-
ate
I
dissident
I
political
I
military, paramilitary
• PREP.
on a/the -
They're on the left wing of the Labour
Party.
wink
noun
• ADJ.
broad
I
little
I
conspiratorial, knowing
• VERB
+
WINK
direct, give sb, throw sb
• PREP
with a-
'Know what I mean?' he said with a wink.
I -
at
He directed a conspiratorial wink at his son.

wink
verb
• ADV
broadly
He winked broadly at Lucinda.
I
conspiratorially, saucily, wickedly
She winked saucily at
Jack.
I back
• VERB
+
WINK
see sb
I saw him wink at her.
• PREP
at
She winked at me, and I winked back.
winner
noun
• ADJ.
overall
She didn't win every race, but she was the
overall winner.
I
outright
With three teams finishing on 40
points, there was no outright winner.
I
eventual

I
joint
They were joint winners of the cup.
I
lucky
She was the
lucky winner of that week's biggest lottery prize. I
de-
served, worthy
I
clear, comfortable, convincing, easy,
runaway
She emerged as the clear winner.
I
impressive
I
big
There were no big winners in this week's lottery.
I
shock, surprise, unexpected, unlikely
I
likely, possible,
potential
Barcelona look likely winners of the Spanish
League.
I
first-time, three-times, etc.
Italy, three times
winners of the World Cup
I consistent, frequent, prolific,

regular
She
is
a regular winner in local road races.
I
award, championship, competition, contest, cup, elec-
tion, jackpot, league, match, (gold/silver/bronze)
medal, prize (also prizewinner), race, title, tournament,
trophy
• VERB + WINNER
emerge as
I
announce
The winner
877
wire
of the competition will be announced this afternoon.
I
choose, pick
The winner will be chosen from the five
architects who get through thefirst round.
<>
He's very good
at picking winners
(= at guessing who is going to win). I
back
He backed the winner and won £70.
• WINNER
+
VERB

receivesth
The winner will receive a
prize of £500.
• PREP. -
against/over
France were impressive
3-0
win-
ners overPortugal.
winter
noun
• ADJ.
last, next, this (coming) I early, late, mid- (also
midwinter)
It was impossible to walk the route in miduiin-
ter.
I
bad, bitter, cold, hard, harsh, severe, terrible
one of
the worst winters we have ever had
I
bleak, dreary, grey
I
mild
I
wet
I
nuclear
• WINTER
+

NOUN
conditions, temperature, weather
I
sun, sunlight, sunshine
I
cold I frost/frosts, rain/rains,
snow
I
gale, wind
I
landscape, scene, sky
the artist's
bleak winter scene
I
solstice
I
term
I
break, holiday
I
garden
I
flower I crop I clothes, clothing, coat
I
col-
lection, exhibition I Olympics, sports
q
Note at
SEASON
(for more collocates)

wipe
verb
• ADV.
carefully, gently
I
hastily, quickly
I
easily
The
plastic surface can beeasily wiped.
I just, simply I away,
down, up
I wiped up the spilt wine.
• VERB + WIPE
pause to, stop to
Hepaused to wipe the
sioeatfrom. hisforehead.
I
try to
• PREP.
from
She gently wiped the tearsfront her eyes.
off
He wiped the marks off the wall.
on
She wiped her hands
on the towel.
with
When you've finished with it, simply
wipe it clean with a damp cloth.

• PHRASES
wipe sth clean
PHRASAL VERB
wipesth out
• ADV
completely, totally I almost, practically, virtual-
ly
The regiment was virtually wiped out in thefirst battle.
I
effectively
The disease has been effectively wiped out.
• VERB + WIPE STH OUT
threaten to
pollution that
threatens to wipe out 100OOOfish
wiper
noun
• ADJ.
windscreen
I
rear
• VERB + WIPER
put on, switch on, turn on I switch
off, turn off
I
be fitted with
• WIPER + VERB
be going, be on
Cars werecoming past
with their wipers going.

wire
noun
1 metal as thin thread
• ADJ.
taut, tight
I
loose, slack
I
fine, thin
I
thick
I
flexible, soft I stiff
I
rusty
I
barbed, chicken (= wire
mesh used to make fences), razor
I
piano
I
perimeter
I
trip (also tripwire)
The bomb was attached to a tripwire
laid across the road.
I
high
(=
in acircus)

One man rode a
bicycle along the high wire as the climax to the act.
• QUANT.
length, piece, strand
• VERB + WIRE
cut
They cut the perimeter wire and es-
caped.
I stretch
The wire was stretched between two poles.
• WIRE
+
NOUN
grill, mesh, netting
I
basket, brush,
cage, coat hanger, fence, fencing, frame, rack
Cool the
cakes on a wire rack.
I
cutters (also wire-cutters)
• PREP.
behind a/the -
Behind the wire, the prisoners
wereexercising.
under a/the -
Wegot in under the wire.
2 for electricity
• ADJ.
electric, electrical, electricity

Don't place carpets
over electrical wires.
<>
overhead electricity wires
I earth,
live, neutral
Don't touch that wire. It's live.
I overhead I
telegraph, telephone
I
fuse I bare, exposed
Watch out
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wire
for bare wires.
I
insulated, plastic-coated, plastic-
covered
I
frayed
• VERB
+
WIRE attach, connect
The wire was atiached
toapin in theplug.
I
disconnect
He disconnected the wire
from the clock.
I

run
The electrician ran a wirefrom the
kitchen tothe bedroom.
• WIRE
+
VERB go, lead, run, trail
Where does this wire
go?
0
There were wires trailing everywhere.
I
show
Surely
the wires shouldn't show like that?
• PREP. along a/the-
theflow of electrical currents along
a wire
down a/the -
A dry laugh echoed down the tele-
phone wire.
wire
verb
• ADV. correctly, properly
You should check that the
socket is correctly wired.
I
in, up
She was wired up to a
heart monitor.
• PREP. for

Many homes were wired for lighting only.
into, to
The Christmas tree lights are all wired to oneplug.
wiring
noun
• ADJ. electric/electrical
I
dangerous, faulty, loose
I
mains
I
house
• VERB
+
WIRING renew, replace
The existing wiring
will have to be replaced.
I
take out
They took out the old
wiring.
I
disconnect
I
check (over), have a look at
We'd
better get an electrician to check the wiring before westart
decorating.
I
conceal

The wiring was concealed behind a
false panel.
• WIRING
+
NOUN diagram
I
system
wisdom
noun
• ADJ. deep, great, profound
I
accepted, convention-
al, established, folk, popular, prevailing, received, trad-
itional
Conventional wisdom has it that riots only ever
happen in cities.
I
street, worldly
He is too lacking in
worldly wisdom to be a politician. I
accumulated, col-
lective
the accumulated wisdom of generations
I
ancient
A bridge between ancient wisdom and modern insight is
now being built.
I
innate, inner, instinctive, intuitive
I

political
I
divine
• VERB
+
WISDOM doubt, have doubts about, ques-
tion
Many commentators doubted thepolitical wisdom of
introducing a new tax.
I
seek
Those who seek wisdom at
the shrine willfind it.
I
impart
Doyou have any wisdom to
impart on this subject?
I
prove
The latest unemployment
figures prove the wisdom of the government's policy.
• PHRASES a fount/source of wisdom
Consultants are
too often seen as the source of all wisdom.
in sb's (infinite)
wisdom
(ironic) In their infinite wisdom, the council
closed theswimming poolfor the school holidays.
pearls of
wisdom

students eager to catch pearls of wisdom from the
professor's lips
the pursuit of wisdom
She devoted her life
to the pursuit of wisdom.
wit and wisdom
He entertained
the audience for two hours with his wit and wisdom.
with
the wisdom of hindsight
It's easy enough to see what we
should have done, with the wisdom of hindsight.
words of
wisdom
The former world champion imparted a few
words of wisdom to theyoung runners.
wise
adj.
• VERBS be, look, seem
I
consider sth, jUdgesth,
think sth
It was not considered wise tomove her to another
hospital.
• ADV. extremely, very
I
always
It is always wise to
write down important points.
wish

noun
1
feeling that you want sth
• ADJ. dearest, deepest, fervent, greatest, strong
I
conscious, unconscious
I
secret
I
dying, last
He was
878
denied his dying wish to be reconciled with his son.
I
death
Freud's theory of the death wish
I
personal
I
par-
ental
the child's detention against parental wishes
• VERB
+
WISH have
I
express, make known
She has
expressed a wish to visit the Houses of Parliament.
I

fulfill
She fulfilled her deepest wish when she flew solo for the
first time.
I
get
She's always wanted to be an actress, and
I'm
sure she'll get her wish.
I
grant sb
I
be responsive
to, consider, honour, respect, take into account
It is
vital for schools to respect the wishes of parents.
I
carry
out, comply with, implement, meet
Weneed to update our
equipment if we are to meet customers' wishes.
I
obey
She
flew into a rage if the staff didn't obey her wishes. I
deny
sb
I
disregard, flout, go against, ignore, override, ride
roughshod over
The committee rode roughshod over the

wishes of union members.
I
reflect
The change to the con-
stitution reflects the wishes of the people who voted in the
referendum.
• WISH
+
NOUN fulfilment
I
list
Draw up a wish list, de-
fining the requirements for your ideal home.
• PREP. against sb's -s
Herfather will not speak to her,
because she married against his wishes.
in sb's -
In his
wish to beas helpful aspossible, he toasforeoer asking her
what she wanted.
in accordance with sb's -s
In accord-
ance with his wishes, his ashes were scattered at sea.
I
- for
a wishfor peace
2
saying secretly to yourself what you want to happen
• VERB
+

WISH have, make
When you see a black cat,
you have to make a wish.
I
be allowed, get
If you're the
one whofinds the hidden box, you get a wish.
I
grant
The
goodfairy granted her three wishes.
• WISH
+
VERB come true
La and behold, on Christmas
Day their wishes came true.
3
(usually wishes) hope that sb will be happy
• ADJ. best, good
Give my best wishes toAlison.
• VERB
+
WISHES give sb, send (sb)
• PREP with - (at the end of a letter)
With best toishesfor
a happy birthday.
I
-for
Every good wish for your future
happiness together.

wish
verb
• ADV. dearly, desperately, devoutly, fervently, heart-
ily, really, sincerely
I heartily wished that I had stayed at
home.
0
I really wish I could go to America.
I
hard
If you
wish really hard, maybe you'll get what you want.
I
se-
cretly
I
merely, only, simply
'Where is he now?' 'I only
wish Iknew.'
• PREP. for
It's no use
ioishing
for the impossible.
wit
noun
1
clever use of words
• ADJ. great
I
quick, ready

I
acerbic, barbed, biting,
caustic, dry, sarcastic, sardonic, scathing, sharp,
wicked
I
gentle
I
dazzling, sparkling
• VERB
+
WIT have
He had a dry wit.
• PHRASES wit and wisdom
a book full of the wit and
wisdom of his 30years inpolitics
2
intelligence
• ADJ. native
She had to use all her native wit to convince
thepolice.
• VERB
+
WIT have
I hope he's got the wit to take the key
with him.
• PHRASES beyond the wit of man
(=
impossible)
It
should not be beyond the wit of man to resolve this dispute

3
wits ability to think quickly
• VERB
+
WITS gather, recover
She couldn't seem to
gather her wits and tell us what had happened.
I
blunt,
dull
Living alone in the country had dulled his wits.
I
sharpen
• PHRASES a battle of wits
The strike developed into a
battle of wits between management and workers.
have/keep your wits about you
They do tough interviews
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so
you'll need to have your wits about you.
pit your wits
against sb
Celebrity teams pit their wits against each
other in this lively quiz show.
withdraw
verb
1 move/move sth away from a place
• ADV. altogether, completely
I

immediately, instantly
I
abruptly, hastily, promptly, quickly, soon
She hastily
withdrew her hand from his.
I
gently
I
gradually, pro-
gressively
Forces will be progressively withdrawn.
I
eventually
I
temporarily
I
unconditionally
• VERB
+
WITHDRAW decide to
I
intend to, wish to
I
threaten to
I
be compelled to, be forced to, be obliged
to
He uiasforced to withdraw from the competition due to
injury.
I

persuade sb to
• PREP. from
Two thousand troops were withdrawnfrom
the battle zone.
in favour of
He eventually withdrew infa-
vour of
Blair;
thought to be the more popular candidate.
into
She withdrew into her own world.
2 take sth away
• ADV. immediately
I
subsequently
I
eventually
I
formally
Sheformally withdrew her resignation.
I
volun-
tarily
I
unconditionally
Last night he unconditionally
withdrew his comments.
• VERB
+
WITHDRAW threaten to

I
agree to
I
refuse
to
I
advise sb to, persuade sb to, urge sb to
• PREP. from
They threatened to withdraw their support
from the government.
withdrawal
noun
1 removing/leaving
• ADJ. imminent
I
immediate, rapid, sudden
I
grad-
ual, phased
I
complete, full, total, unconditional,
wholesale
I
partial
I
strategic, tactical
I
voluntary
I
ignominious

The UN were faced with an ignominious
withdrawal or a long-term military presence.
I
military,
troop
• VERB
+
WITHDRAWAL call for, demand
The party
is
calling for the phased withdrawal of troops from the is-
land.
I
agree to
I
announce
I
make
The police were
forced tomake a tactical withdrawal.
• PREP. - by
a withdrawal by government troops -
from
the army's withdrawalfrom the occupied territories
2from a bank account
• ADJ. cash
• VERB
+
WITHDRAWAL make
• PREP. - from

She made a withdrawal of £250from her
bank account.
3 stopping
• ADJ. alcohol, drug
• VERB
+
WITHDRAWAL suffer
• WITHDRAWAL
+
NOUN symptoms
• PREP. - from
She was still suffering withdrawal from
nicotine.
wither
verb
• ADV. simply
Their support had simply withered away.
away
• PREP. under
Thegrass withered under a scorching sun.
• PHRASES wither and die
The business withered and
eventually died.
withhold
verb
• ADV deliberately
I
reasonably, unreasonably
Con-
sent will not be unreasonably withheld.

• VERB
+
WITHHOLD threaten to
threatening to with-
holdfuturefinancial aid
I
decide to
• PREP. from
He was accused of deliberately withholding
informationfroni thepolice.
879
woman
withstand
verb
• VERB
+
WITHSTAND be able/unable to, can/could
I
manage to
I
be built to, be designed to
The wooden boat
was built to withstand just about every weather condition
at sea.
I
be robust/strong/tough enough to
Theflooring
needs to be tough enough to withstand wear.
I
enable sth

to, help sth (to)
• PHRASES be capable of withstanding sth
witness
noun
1 person who sees sth
• ADJ. eye
(also
eyewitness)
An eyewitness account de-
scribed the plane as a 'fireball'.
I
crucial, key, material,
vital
As the last person to seeher alive, he was a material
witness in the case.
I
independent
I
credible, reliable,
unimpeachable
I
unreliable
• VERB
+
WITNESS appeal for
The police are appealing
for witnesses.
I
trace
Police have

so
far failed to trace any
witnesses tothe attack.
• WITNESS
+
VERB come forward
Two witnesses came
forward with evidence.
• WITNESS + NOUN account, statement
• PREP.
-to
a witness tomurder
2 in a court of law
• ADJ. chief, main, principal
the defence's chief witness I
hostile I reluctant, unwilling I defence I prosecution,
state
I
expert
I
character
I
civilian, police
• VERB
+
WITNESS call
The defence called their first wit-
ness.
I
appear as

She appeared as a character witness.
I
swear in
I
cross-examine, examine, interrogate, inter-
view, question
I
hear
I
discredit
I
intimidate, threaten
Ajudicial enquiry was ordered, but witnesses were threat-
ened and none would testify.
I
suborn
He was charged
with conspiracy to suborn witnesses.
• WITNESS + VERB take the stand
The next witness
took the stand.
I
give evidence, testify
I
make a state-
ment, state sth
I
identify sb
She was the only witness
to

identify Peters as the attacker.
• WITNESS
+
NOUN box, stand
I
summons
• PHRASES a witness for the defence/prosecution
3 of a signature
• VERB + WITNESS act as
• WITNESS
+
VERB sign
• PREP.
-eto Wouldyou be willing to actasa witness to my
signature when I sign my will?
wobblyadj.
• VERBS be, feel,look
I
become, go
When Istood up my
legs went all wobbly.
• ADV. all
(informal),
very
I
a bit, a little, rather, slightly
The chair looked a bit wobbly.
wolf
noun
• ADJ. lone

A lone woif howled under the full moon. I
marauding, ravening, slavering
(figurative) She called
the media 'ravening wolves'.
• QUANT. pack
• WOLF
+
VERB bark, growl, howl
I
hunt
• WOLF + NOUN cub
I
pack
woman
noun
• ADJ. young
I
middle-aged
I
elderly, old, older
The
thief tricked his way into an elderly woman's home.
0
Older women often have difficulty conceiving.
I
adult,
grown
The little girl she remembered was now a grown
woman.
I

married
I
single, unattached, unmarried
I
widowed
I
divorced
I
pregnant
I
childless
I
business
(also businesswoman), career, professional, working
I
non-working
I
attractive, beautiful, good-looking,
handsome, pretty
I
desirable
I
well-dressed
I
plain,
ugly
I
motherly
I
hysterical

I
decent, good, kind
I
evil,
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womb
wicked
I
battered
a hostel for battered women
I
the
other
Jean Menckes plays the president's wife and Fiona
Handley plays the other woman
(=
the one the President is
having an affair with).
• VERB
+
WOMAN
depict, portray, present, show
We
want to change the way women are depicted in the media.
I
limit, reduce
Women are limited to the more poorly paid
jobs.
0
Women are reduced to merely playing apassive role.

• PHRASES
the position/role of women
There were im-
portant changes in the position of women in society.
a
woman of the world
He saw her as a woman of the world
who could offer him advice.
women's lib/liberation
(be-
coming old-fashioned) The freedom to wear trousers be-
came a symbol of women's liberation.
the women's move-
ment, women's rights
womb
noun
• ADJ.
fertile
I
barren
• VERB + WOMB
carry sth in
the nine months for which
we are carried in our mothers' wombs
I emerge from
The
baby's head was starting to emergefrom. the womb.
• WOMB + NOUN
lining
• PREP.

in the/your-
A scan determines the position of the
baby in the womb.
• PHRASES
the lining/neck/wall of the womb
wonder
noun
1feeling of surprise/admiration
• ADJ.
great
I
childlike, wide-eyed
• VERB
+
WONDER
feel
I
express
There aren't any
words to express properly all the wonder that Ifeel.
I
gaze
in, stare in
She gazed down in wonder at the city spread
below her.
I be filled with, be full of
The children's faces
uierefull of wonder as they gazed up at the Christmas tree.
• WONDER + NOUN
cure, drug

• PREP.
in -
Neville shook his head in wonder at it all
with -
She held her breath with wonder and delight.
I - at
• PHRASES
a feeling/sense of wonder
2 amazing thing/person
• ADJ.
natural
Iceland isfull hot springs, beautifully col-
oured rocks, and other natural wonders.
I scientific I
constant, perpetual
It was a constant wonder to me that
my father didn't die of exhaustion.
I nine days, seven-
day
She was determined to prove she was no seven-day
wonder whose promise would remain unfulfilled.
I boy
(humorous)
(also wonder boy)
the new boy wonder of
French football
lone-hit
(humorous) The band aren't the
one-hit wonders some had feared: their second album con-
tains some great rap music.

• PHRASES
do/work wonders (for sb/sth)
The change of
diet has done ioondersfor my skin. oAgood night's sleep
and a hearty breakfast worked wonders.
the wonders of
modern science/technology
Thanks to the wonders of
modern science, many common diseases will soon be
things of the past.
the wonders of the world
The palace
has been described as theeighth wonder of the world.
wonder
verb
• ADV.
hazily, idly, vaguely
I wondered vaguely whether
Robert could be the murderer.
I briefly, fleetingly I ap-
prehensively, uneasily
I wondered uneasily if anything
had happened to the children.
I
bleakly, despairingly
I
irritably
I
aloud
'Where's Natasha?' she wondered aloud.

I just
'Why doyou ask?' 'Ijust wondered.'
I
often, some-
times
I sometimes wonder who's crazier, him or me.
• VERB
+
WONDER
begin to
I was just beginning to
wonder whereyou were.
I cannot/could not help but, can
only
I couldn't help but wonder what he was thinking.
I
make sb
His obvious hunger made her wonder how long
he had been up and about.
• PREP.
about
We'd wondered about you as a possible
team member.
880
wonderful
adj.
• VERBS
be, feel, look, smell, sound, taste
• ADV.
most, really

I
absolutely, perfectly, quite, truly
The weather was absolutely wonderful.
I
pretty, rather
• PHRASES
weird and wonderful
coming up with weird
and wonderful marketing ideas
wood
noun
1what trees are made of
• ADJ.
hard I soft
Pine is a soft wood.
I dark
The pub
had dark wood panelling.
I light, pale I green
The wood
was too green to burn.
I
dead, rotten, rotting
She pruned
the dead wood from the tree.
I
kindling
There were neat
piles of kindling wood against the wall.
I

natural
varnish
that retains the natural wood look
I
seasoned
I
rough
I
painted, polished, stained, varnished I carved
I
solid I
laminated I charred
I
balsa, beech, pine, etc.
• QUANT.
block, piece, plank, strip
• VERB + WOOD
chop, cut, saw I be made
from/in/(out) of, carve/make sth from/in/out of
The cab-
inet is made of cherry wood.
0
We carve the moulds in
wood.
I
paint, polish, stain, varnish
She stained the wood
green.
I
season

Traditionally wood was seasoned in the
openair.
I burn I
gatherWegatheredwoodforthefire.
• WOOD + VERB
splinter
the sound of splintering wood
I rot
Over theyears, much of the wood in the house had rot-
ted.
I
burn
Dry wood burns easily.
• WOOD
+
NOUN
chip
I
carving
I
floor, panel, panel-
ling
I
laminate, veneer I finish
a wardrobe in a mahog-
any woodfinish
I
fire
• PREP.
in -

The chapel has some interesting works in
wood and marble.
2 area covered with trees
• ADJ.
deep, dense, thick
I
dark, shady
I
broad-
leaved, deciduous I beech, birch, oak, etc.
• PREP.
in the -
a walk in the woods
through the -
He
wandered through the beech wood.
wooded
adj.
• VERBS be
• ADV.
densely, heavily, richly, thickly, well
a thickly
wooded area
woodwork
noun
• ADJ.
exterior, interior I polished
• VERB + WOODWORK
paint, treat, varnish
I

polish
I
strip I clean, wash
I
hit
He hit the woodwork
(=
the
wooden frame of the goal)
twice beforescoring.
• PREP.
in the-
There werecracks in the woodwork.
wool
noun
• ADJ.
chunky, thick I fine
I
soft
I
rough
I
pure
I
raw
I
lamb's, sheep's
I
knitting
I

cotton, mineral, steel,
wire
• QUANT.
ball, skein
• VERB
+
WOOL
produce
I
knit sth in, spin, weave
(sth in)
She's knitting a jumper in pure wool.
I card,
comb
• WOOL
+
NOUN
merchant, shop, trade
word
noun
1 unit of language
• ADJ.
two-letter, three-letter, etc.
I
monosyllabic,
disyllabic
I
two-syllable, three-syllable, etc.
I
big, long

He uses big words to impress people.
I compound I na-
tive
I
borrowed, loan
When a new fruit isfirst imported,
its name is usually also imported as a loan word.
I
foreign
I
content, function
I
exact, precise, very
His exact
words were, 'There's nothing we can do about it.'
0
Those
were her very words.
I clear, plain
I
ambiguous I ab-
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stract, concrete
I
everyday
I find even everyday words
difficult tospell.
I
archaic, obsolete
I

key
He wrote down
afeui key words to help him remember what tosay.
I
right,
wrong
You can't always find the right word when you're
translating.
I
dirty, four-letter, naughty, obscene, rude,
taboo
Theplay isfull offour-letter words.
0
Work
is
a dirty
word to Frank.
(see also swear word)
I
famous, house-
hold, immortal
His name has become a household word
since hefirst appeared In the series.
0
the immortal words
of NeilArmstrong as hestepped onto the moon
I
code
The
police use code words for their major operations.

I
buzz
(also buzzword), vogue
E-marketing is the current buzz-
word.
I
spoken, written
She combines visual images and
the spoken word togreat effectin herpresentations.
• VERB
+
WORD have
Spanish has no word for
'understatement'.
I
say, speak, use, utter
He uses lots of
long words.
0
Every word he utters istreated as sacred text.
I
pronounce
How
is
this word pronounced?
I
mispro-
nounce I spell I misspell
'Necessary'
is

one of the most
commonly misspelt words in English.
I
write
I
hear, read
I
mishear, misread
I misheard the word 'sick' as 'thick'.
I
know, understand
I
look up
She looked the word up in
the dictionary.
I
find
I
coin
The word 'e-commerce' was
coined to refer to business done over the Internet.
I
cross
out, erase, rub out
• WORD
+
VERB mean sth
I
refer to sth, relate to sth
I

convey sth, describe sth, express sth
words describing
body parts
0
Words can't express how happy I am.
I
imply
sth
I
denote sth
Bold words denote chapter headings.
I
carry sth, have sth
The same word can carry numerous
meanings.
0
The word has two meanings.
I
be derived
from sth, come/derive from sth
The word derives from a
Norse word meaning 'eye of the wind'.
I
begin (with sth),
end (in/with sth)
What's a word beginning with 'c' that
means 'a small wood'?
I
fail sb
words tau

me
(=
I cannot
express how I feel).
• WORD
+
NOUN game
• PREP. in sb's -s
The students had to retell the story in
their own words.
I -
for
What's the French word for
'snail'?
• PHRASES in all senses of the word
She was a true
friend in all senses of the word.
in other words
They're let-
ting me go-in other words, I'ue been sacked.
in so many
words
They told me in so many words
(=
directly)
that I
was no longer needed.
in the true sense of the word
People who overeat are not addicts in the true sense of the
word.

in words of one syllable
(=
using very simple lan-
guage)
Could you say that again in words of one syllable?
word for word
(=
exactly)
He repeated toordfor word what
the boy had said tohim.
z sth you say
• ADJ. quick (no plural)
I
quiet (no plural)
The man-
ager had a quiet word with Alison, and she gave him no
more problems.
I
good, friendly, kind
He hasn't a good
word to say for anybody.
I
unkind
I
angry, bitter -s,
blunt -s, choice -s
(ironic),
cross, hard -s. strong -s
I
polite

No polite words of gratitude came.
I
flattering,
honeyed -s
I
empty, fine
(ironic),
meaningless -s
Des-
pite all their fine words, the council have never done any-
thing to improve road safety.
I
weasel -s
The govern-
ment's promises on nurses' pay turned out to be weasel
words
(=
deliberately unclear).
I
bold, brave -s
Despite
his brave words, I don't believe he can save the factory
from closure.
I
wise -s
I
well-chosen -s
He ruined her
self-confidence with afew well-chosen words.
I

cautionary
I
soft, whispered
They exchanged whispered words of
love.
I
unspoken -s
The look in her eyes filled in the
unspoken words in her sentence.
I
dying, last -s
Her last
words werefor her children.
I
final, last (no plural)
The
Chairman always has the last word
(=
the final decision)
onfinancial decisions.
I
fateful -s
Seconds after uttering
the
fateful
words 'this
is
easy', he crashed.
I
prophetic

I
magic
881
word
• VERB
+
WORD have
rve had a feui words with John,
and he's quite happy for you to stay.
0
She had some harsh
words to say about her colleagues.
I
put in, say, speak,
utter
If you run into the boss, put in a good uiordfor me!
0
Before webegin, r d like tosay afeui words about who I am.
o
Nobody's uttered a word to me about it.
I
give, say
Just
say the word and r IIgo.
I
mumble, mutter
I
slur
I knew
he'd been drinking because he was slurring his words.

I
spit (out)
She was sofurious, she almost spat the words
out: 'You idiot!'
I
bandy, exchange, have
I usually ex-
change afeto words with my neighbour when I see him.
0
Words were exchanged
(=
there was an argument).
I
find
He couldn'tfind the words to thank her enough.
I
choose,
pick
He chosehis words carefully when commenting on her
work.
I
quote
I
distort, twist
She felt angry at how the
journalist had twisted her words.
I
hang on
The journal-
ists hung on his every word as he spoke of his ordeal.

I
eat,
take back
When he told her she would fail, she swore she
would make him eat his words.
I
not mince
He doesn't
mince his words when he talks about his ex-boss.
I
not
breathe
Don't breathe a word to anyone about what I'ue
toldyou!
• WORD
+
VERB conjure sth up, evoke sth
Her words
conjured up a strange picture in her mind.
I
burst from
sb, come (out), emerge, fall, pour (out), slip (out), spill
(out), tumble out
He was nervous, and his words came out
in a rush.
0
His words fell into the silence like stones.
I
stick in your throat
He wanted to tell her how hefelt about

her;but the words stuck in his throat.
I
float, hang in the
air
I let my words hang in the air. Maggie was nofool: she
must realize I meant it.
I
echo, ring
Her teacher's words
echoed in her ears.
I
fade (away), tail away/off, trail
away/off
His wordsfaded to silence as he saw she didn't be-
lieve him.
I
hit/strike home, strike/touch a chord
I
sink
in She couldfeel her temper boiling as his words sank in.
• PREP. in a -
'Would you like to help us?' 'In a word
(=
briefly),
no.'without
a-
She left withouta word.
I
<about
We never heard anyone say an unkind word about her.

- from
And now a wordfrom our sponsors -
of
a word
of advice/warning -
with
Can I have a quick word with
you?
• PHRASES get a word in (edgeways)
I wanted totellyou
that she'd phoned, but you weretalking so much I couldn't
get a word in edgeways.
a man/woman of few words
(=
a
person who speaks very little), sb never spoke a truer
word/never was a truer word spoken
You said we were
about to make a big mistake, and never was a truer word
spoken!
(=
you were right), not a (single) word
Remember-not a word to
(=
don't tell)
Peter about any of
this.
0
Wedidn't say a single word toeach other all day.
put

words into sb's mouth
Hefelt after the interview that the
police officers had been trying toput words into his mouth
in
(=
to make him say what they wanted him to say). take
the words out of sb's mouth
Iwas about tosay weshould
cancel the trip, but she took the words right out of my
mouth
(=
she said it before me). a word in sb's ear
Can I
have a word in your ear about tomorrow's presentation?
(by) word of mouth
The restaurant does not advertise, but
relies on word of mouth for custom.
3
promise
• ADJ. solemn
She gave him her solemn word that she
would give up drugs.
• VERB
+
WORD give sb
I
be as good as, be true to,
keep
He promised to help and was as good as his word.
0

True to her word, she returned next day.
I
break, go back
on
Once he has made apromise, he never goes back on his
word.
• PHRASES have sb's word for sth
We only have her
wordfor it that the cheque is in thepost.
a man/woman of
his/her word
You needn't worry about him notpaying you
back-he's a man of his word.
take sb at their word
He
said I could stay at his house any time,
so
I took him at his
word.
take sb's word for sth
I haven't seen his work, but
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word
r11take his word for it that it's finished.
your word
against sb's
If it's your word against the police officer's,
thejury aregoing to believe him.
sb's word is their bond,
sb's word of honour

He gave me his word of honour that
he wouldn't tell anyone.
4 information/news
• VERB
+
WORD bring, get, send
He sent word to his
family that his captors were treating him well.
I
get
We
didn't get word of her arrest until the next day.
I
spread
• WORD + VERB
getoutlfwordgetsoutabouttheaffair,
he will have to resign.
I
be, have it
The word is they've
split up.
0
Word has it that she's leaving.
• PREP. - about
Health workers spread the word about
the benefits of immunization.
word
verb
• ADV. carefully, cautiously
We need to word our ques-

tion quite carefully.
I
ambiguously, vaguely
I
broadly
I
strongly
He issued a very strongly worded statement deny-
ing any involvement in theplot.
wording
noun
• ADJ. actual, exact, precise, specific
I
clear
I
appro-
priate
I
vague
I
ambiguous
The wording was deliber-
ately ambiguous.
• VERB
+
WORDING alter, change
I
think about
We
need to think carefully about the wording of the request.

• PREP.
-of
Whafs the exact wording of the clause?
word processing
noun
• ADJ. basic, simple
• PHRASES application, package, product, program,
software, system
I
business, service
work
noun
1 effort/product of effort
• ADJ. hard
It's hard work trying to get him to do afeui
things for himself.
0
Itdoesn't require skill-it's a matter of
sheer hard work.
I
arduous, back-breaking, challen-
ging, complicated, demanding, difficult, gruelling, in-
tensive, labour-intensive, tiring, tough
The show is the
product of two years' intensive work.
I
rewarding
I
heavy
They employ a couple of young men to do the heavy

work.
I
donkey
I did the donkey work
(=
hard work re-
quiring little skill)
but I hired a professional builder for
the tricky bits.
I
light
She's only allowed to do a little light
work because of her bad arm.
I
easy
I
close
I need to
wear glasses for close work.
I
physical
I
delicate
I
dan-
gerous
I
dirty
Engine maintenance is dirty work.
0

(fig-
urative) The drugs gang used children to do their dirty
uiorkfor them.
I
humdrum, monotonous, repetitive, te-
dious
I
fascinating, interesting
I
purposeful
Many un-
employed people welcome the chance to do purposeful
work, even if unpaid.
I
valuable
The research institute
needsfunds in order to carry on its valuable work.
I
paid,
unpaid
I
professional
I
men's, women's
They think
that looking after children is women's work.
I
intellec-
tual, mental
I

creative, imaginative
I
practical (seealso
fieldwork, paperwork)
I
investigative
I
undercover
The
scandal was revealed after months of undercover work by
journalists.
I
leg (also legwork)
Her job as a market re-
searcher involves a lot of legwork
(=
walking around to
collect information).
I
course (also coursework)
I
writ-
ten
His written work is the best in the class.
I
individual
I
group
I
project

I
collaborative, joint
classroom activ-
ities involving collaborative work between children
0
The
report is thejoint work of an economist and a sociologist.
I
remedial
The poorly designed bridge needs remedial work
to make it safe.
I
background, preliminary, preparatory
I
follow-up
I
honestHepreferredtomakehismoneYfrom
honest work rather than from gambling.
I
good, nice
(in-
882
formal),
outstanding, sterling
Nice work, James! I'm im-
pressed.
0
In accepting the award, she mentioned the ster-
ling work of her assistants.
I

careful, meticulous, pains-
taking
I
poor, shoddy, sloppy
I
charitable, humanitar-
ian
I
community, youth
I
ground-breaking, innovative,
pioneering
He did pioneering work on microbes.
I
experi-
mental
I
academic, commercial, educational, environ-
mental, scientific
I
building, construction
I
your own
Is this all your own work
(=
did you do it without help
from others)?
• QUANT. bit, piece
It was an interesting piece of work.
• VERB

+
WORK carry out,
do,
put in
All the construc-
tion work was carried out in 2001.
0
I'ue got lots of work to
do today.
0
She's put in a lot of work on the design.
I
get
done, have done
I think I'd better try and get some work
done.
0
We'regoing tohave some building work done on the
house.
I
produce
Work produced on a word processor
tends to look more professional.
I
get, have
Wegetfar too
much work at this time of year. I
take on, undertake
I'ue
taken on more work than I'oe got time to do.

I
create,
make
Big football matches make a lot of work for the po-
lice. I
begin, commence, get down to, set about/to, start
They began work on the project towards the end of the year.
o
Stop talking and get down to work.
0
Weset to work on
the outside of the house
(=
for example, painting it).
I
go
about
She went cheerfully about her work.
I
carry on,
continue
I
complete, finish
I
halt, hold up, stop
Work
on the project was halted.
I
lose
They lost the work to a

competitor.
I
undo
The new president spent thefirst year
undoing the work of his predecessor.
I
oversee, supervise
The assistant manager supervises work on the factory
floor.
I
set sb to
She set them to work painting thefence.
I
require
To carry out accurate market research requires a
huge amount of work.
I
hand in
We'resupposed to hand in
this work tomorrow.
• WORK
+
VERB come
The work comes in bursts accord-
ing to the time of year.
I
wait
That work can wait until to-
morrow.
I

go
How's the work going this morning?
I
in-
volve sth
What does the work involve?
I
begin, start
I
continue, go on
I
come to a standstill
Work came to a
complete standstill when rumours of redundancies started
tocirculate.
I
cost
How much will the work cost?
• WORK + NOUN ethic
I
rate
Her boss told her she had
to increase her work rate.
I
programme, schedule
I
sur-
face
Work surfaces should be left clear and clean.
• PREP.

at-
He's been hard at work all morning.
I
-on
I
have to do some work on the engine before it'll be ready to
drive. -
with
She's done a lot of work with disadvantaged
children.
• PHRASES a backlog of work
It will take a month to
clear the backlog of work.
keep up the good work
The
hotel manager thanked the staff for their efforts
so
far and
told them to keep up the good work.
your life's work
The
art collection was his life's work.
make light/short work of
sth
(=
to do sth quickly and easily)
Mike made short work
offixing the engine.
never/not a stroke of work
She never

does a stroke of work.
pressure of work
Pressure of work
forced him to cancel his holiday.
work in progress
The
showroom has been designed so that people can seework in
progress.
2job
• ADJ. lucrative, well paid
I
badly paid
I
full-time,
part-time
I
permanent
I
temporary
I
regular, steady
He hasn't been in regular work since he left school.
I
cas-
ual
In the college vacations he does casual work in the local
hospital.
I
freelance
I

voluntary
I
skilled
I
semi-
skilled
I
unskilled
I
manual
I
indoor, outdoor
I
daily,
day-to-day, everyday, routine
People went about their
daily work despite the war.
0
Ambulance crews alternate
between emergency and routine work.
I
piece
It's piece
work,
so
how much you earn depends on how fast you can
work.
I
administrative, clerical, office, secretarial
I

managerial
I
domestic
I
social
I
research
I
agricul-
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tural, farm
I
building
I
nice (humorous) A hundred
grandfor two days a week?Nice work if you canget it!
• VERB
+
WORK
have He's got a bit offreelance work at
the moment.
I
look for He got made redundant,
so
now
he's looking for work again.
I
find,
get
Full-time work is

hard tofind.
I
go to I go to work on the bus.
I
go out to
Some mothers of young children choose not to go out to
work.
I
start
I
finish, knock off What time do you finish
work?
I
stop She stops work at the end of this month.
I
give up Just beforehe was sixty, he decided togive up work.
I
go back to, return to She has just returned to work after
the birth of her child.
I
coordinate Sales reps meet up
monthly tocoordinate their work.
• WORK
+
VERB
go Work's going well at the moment.
I
start What time does work start in the morning?
I
finish

• WORK
+
NOUN
hours Employees must not make per-
sonal calls in work hours.
I
place
(also
workplace)
I
area, environment, room
(also
workroom)
I
station
(also
workstation)
I
roster, schedule
I
experience He's
doing a month's unpaid work experience with an engineer-
ing firm.
I
permit
I
incentive High income tax can
undermine work incentives.
I
practice An independent

report has described some work practices in the industry as
old-fashioned.
• PREP.
at-
'Where's Diane?' 'She's at work.'
<)
Wehad a
party at work. in (your) - With so much unemployment,
I'm lucky to be in work.
<)
It's important to behappy inyour
work. off - She's been off work with a bad back since July.
out of - He's been out of work since the factory closed.
through - I met him through work.
• PHRASES
a line of work 'What line of work are you in?'
'Computing.' a place of work
3 book/music/art
• ADJ.
classic, fine, great
I
definitive, seminal Her book
is still considered the definitive work on beetles.
I
influen-
tial
I
erudite, scholarly
I
ambitious

I
literary
I
dra-
matic
I
critical
I
autobiographical, biographical
I
art-
istic
I
art
(also
artwork) The artwork in the book is su-
perb. I abstract, figurative, graphic
I
choral, orches-
tral, piano
I
collected, complete the collected works of
Stephen King
I
early
I
late, mature Picasso's mature
works
• QUANT.
series

I
collection, exhibition
• VERB
+
WORK
compose, produce, write Beethoven
composed his greatest works towards the end of his life.
I
commission
I
perform, play
I
hear, read, see Her work
can be seen in most of the major European galleries.
I
conduct, direct, edit, produce, publish, put on Over the
next two years, the theatre isputting on the complete works
of Brecht.
I
display, exhibit, show The town hall is ex-
hibiting works by local artists.
• WORK + VERB
be called sth, be entitled sth a work
entitled 'Forward Pass'
• PREP.
in a/the - She's studying the theme of death in the
works of Beckett.
I -
by a work by an unknown eighteenth
century writer

• PHRASES
an exhibition of sb's work Thegallery issta-
ging a special exhibition of Monet's early works. a work of
artlfictionlliterature The building is hated by some and
considered a work of art by others.
<)
(humorous) They dis-
covered that his CV was a complete work offiction. a work
of genius Her latest novel isa work ofgenius.
qNoteatART
4 (also works) building/repairing
• ADJ.
extensive, major
I
road
(also
roadworks)
I
maintenance, repair, restoration I demolition
• VERB + WORK
carry out Weareplanning to carry out
major works on the site. I plan I announce
• WORK + VERB
continue, go on The works will con-
tinue until the end of July.
• PREP.
at the - A contraflow is in operation at the works
near Junction 5.
5 works factory
883

worker
• VERB
+
WORKS
open I close (down), shut down
• WORKS
+
VERB
turn sth out The works at Bury
turned out thousands of television sets a week.
I
open
I
close (down)
• WORKS
+
NOUN
foreman, manager, supervisor I
canteen
• PREP.
atthe- the night shift at the works
work
verb
1do a job/task
• ADV.
hard He had been working hard all morning
I
steadily
I
round the clock Emergency teams were work-

ing round the clock to make the homes secure.
I
full-time,
part-time A lot of mathers choose to work part-time.
I
effi-
ciently I work more efficiently on my own.
I
closely, col-
laboratively, together people who have worked closely to-
gether over a period of time
I
alone, independently
I
away We worked steadily away all morning.
• VERB
+
WORK
continue to
I
choose to, prefer to
I
prefer to work aspart of a team.
I
motivate sb to Employ-
eesare motivated to work harder for a whole host of differ-
ent reasons.
I
enable sb
to

I needed ajob which would en-
able me to work at home.
I
refuse to
• PREP.
as He's working as a teacher at the moment. at
Tve spent three hours working at this problem. for She
uiorksfor an oil company. on Weare working onplansfor a
new swimming pool. with the people you work with
2function; have a result/effect
• ADV.
effectively, efficiently, perfectly, properly, satis-
factorily, smoothly, well Everything worked very smooth-
ly. I independently My limbs seemed to be working inde-
pendently of each other.
• VERB
+
WORK
seem to
PHRASAL VERB
work out
• ADV.
perfectly, well
I
badly
• PREP
for Things worked out
uiellfor
Janet in the end.
worker

noun
• ADJ.
good, hard
I
productive
I
fast, quick
I
method-
ical, steady
I
slow I core, key
I
full-time, part-time I
permanent
I
casual Casual workers are usually paid by
the hour.
I
shift
I
migrant, seasonal
I
freelance
I
self-
employed
I
paid
I

voluntary, volunteer
I
low-paid
I
redundant, unemployed
I
retired
I
female, male,
woman
I
black, white
I
immigrant
I
fellow
I
average
One night in these expensive hotels costs around the aver-
age worker's monthly wage.
I
skilled
I
unskilled
I
semi-
skilled
I
blue-collar, manual
I

clerical, office, white-
coll~r
I
professional I shop-floor
I
private-sector,
public-sector
I
council, municipal
I
assembly-line,
factory, manufacturing, production
I
construction
I
metal I maintenance I railway, transport
I
agricul-
tural, farm, rural
I
care, community, health, healthcare,
hospital, social, welfare, youth
I
rescue
I
aid, relief
I
charity
I
field, research

I
domestic I postal
• V~RB
+
WORKER
employ, have I engage, hire, re-
cruit,
take on I dismiss, fire, layoff, make redundant,
sack
I
exploit The union accused thefirm. of exploiting its
workers.
• WORKER + VERB
work I run sth, staff sth The shop is
staffed by one paid worker and three volunteers.
I
lose a
job 400 workers have lost their jobs. I demand sth Work-
ers demandedfair wages and better working conditions.
I
vote The workers voted for industrial action. I (be on)
strike, walk out The workers walked out last month after a
failure to agree all the termsfor the
11
0lay-offs.
• WORKER
+
NOUN
participation worker participation
in decision making

• PHRASES
the exploitation of workers, workers' de-
mands, worker's rights
c;>
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workforce
workforce
noun
• ADJ.
educated, qualified, skilled, trained
a highly-
skilled toorkforce
I
flexible, versatile
I
committed, dedi-
cated, motivated
I
local
A quarter of the local uiorkforce
is unemployed.
I
ageing, declining, diminishing
A de-
clining workforce has toprouidefor an increasing number
of retired people.
I available, total
The shipyard has a
total uiorkforceof 9000.

I
entire, whole
The new manage-
ment decided to retrain the entire uiorkforce.
I
worldwide
I
large, small
I
reduced
I
2 ODD-strong, 3 500, etc.
I
temporary
I
British, Japanese, etc. I female, male I in-
dustrial, manufacturing
• VERB
+
WORK FORCE
employ, have
The company em-
ploys a uiorkforce of nearly 5000.
I cut, halve, reduce,
slash, slim (down), trim I double, expand, increase
I
retrain, train I consult (with)
The management always
consults with the uiorkforce before introducing major
changes.

I enter, leave
The increase in the number of
people entering the uiorkforce has increased unemploy-
ment figures.
• WORKFORCE + VERB
fall
I
double, increase, rise I
number sth, stand at sth
The uiorkforce numbers 500.
• PREP.
among a/the -
There is a change in the distribu-
tion of skills among the workforce.
in a/the -
Oneperson in
the uiorkjorce is always responsible for the same job.
• PHRASES
a member of the workforce
workings
noun
• ADJ.
inner, internal
the inner workings of a watch
<)
the
internal workings of Parliament
I
basic
I

complex, de-
tailed
I
financial
• VERB
+
WORKINGS
analyse, explore, investigate I
lay bare, reveal, shed light on
Their research aims toshed
light on the workings of the human mind.
I
know
I
understand
It ishard to understand the complex workings
of the social security system.
I explain
workload
noun
• ADJ.
enormous, heavy, huge
I
excessive I addition-
al, extra, increased I lighter, reduced
I
administrative
• VERB + WORKLOAD
have
She's got an increased work-

load this year.
I
expand, increase
I
ease, lighten, re-
duce
An assistant one day a week would ease my work-
load.
I
distribute, share, spread
We want to try and dis-
tribute the workload more evenly.
I
cope with
• WORKLOAD + VERB
expand, increase
Doctors are
having tocope with an ever-expanding workload.
workman
noun
• ADJ.
good, skilled I council
• QUANT.
gang
A gang of council workmen has been dig-
ging a hole in the road.
workmanship
noun
• ADJ.
exquisite, fine, good, quality

I
bad, crude, de-
fective, faulty,
PO%
shoddy
• VERB
+
WORKMANSHIP
admire
I was admiring the
exquisite toorkmanship.in the mosaic.
I criticise
• PREP. -
on
He.accused the garage of shoddy workman-
ship on the bodywork.
• PHRASES
the quality/standard of workmanship
workout
noun
• ADJ.
good
I
hard, vigorous
I
light
I
forty-minute,
two-hour, etc. I aerobic
• VERB + WORKOUT·

do, have
When I do a good work-
out,
l
feel fine.
o
The team had a hard toorkout this morn-
ing.
I
give sb/sth
I went for a ride to give my new bike a
workout.
884
workshop
noun
1 room/building
• ADJ.
craft, design, pottery
I
engineering, locomo-
tive, railway
I
farm
I
carpenter's, stonemason's, etc.
• VERB + WORKSHOP
set up
He set up a workshop for
his carving.
• WORKSHOP

+
VERB
employ sb
The workshop em-
ploys zsfutl-time workers.
• PREP.
in a/the-
2 period of discussion/work
• ADJ.
day-long, two-day, weekend, etc. I group
I
introductory I practical I development, training
The
company holds regular skills development workshops.
I
skills
Everyone in Personnel has attended a media skills
workshop.
I research
I
dance, drama, music, poetry,
theatre, writing
• QUANT.
series
The Careers Advisory Service will be
running a series of uiorkshopsfor students.
• VERB + WORKSHOP
do, hold, host, organize, put on,
run
The Institute will host a special two-day workshop on

new building materials.
I
attend, go to, participate in,
take part in
• WORKSHOP + VERB
cover sth, examine sth, focus on
sth, look at sth
The workshop covered a wide range of
issues.
I
aim to, be aimed at sth
a workshop aimed at
brainstorming new marketing ideas
• WORKSHOP
+
NOUN
discussion, session I member,
participant
• PREP.
at a/the -, during a/the -
During the workshop,
they each practised their part in the performance.
in
a/the -
In the one-day workshop, she taught us the import-
ance of breathing exercises.
I -
on
I learned these new
skills at a workshop on databases.

• PHRASES
a member of a workshop, a participant in a
workshop
world
noun
1the earth/its people
• ADJ.
known
a medieval map of the known world
I
whole
• VERB + WORLD
create, make
They believe that God
created the world.
I
destroy
One of these days, human-
kind will destroy the world.
I
take over
Fast food outlets
seem to be taking over the world.
I
tour, travel
I
see
As a
young man, he wanted to see the world before he settled
down.

I lead
Sweden leads the world in safety legislation.
• WORLD + NOUN
leader
I
economy
I
recession,
slump I market
I
trade
I
price
World oilprices continue
to rise.
I
domination
A handful of Internet companies are
battling for world domination.
I
affairs, events
I
atten-
tion, opinion
The bombing alienated world opinion.
I
war I champion
He was easily beaten by the reigning
world champion.
I

championships, cup, title
I
class
The team is world class.
I beaters
The Portuguese team
looked like world beaters in last night's game.
I
record
She shattered the world recordfor the 200metres.
I
rank-
ings
He has never beforefeatured in the top ten world rank-
ings.
I religion
the major world religions
I music
(=
music that includes influences from different parts ofthe
world) I tour
The band are about to embark on a six-
month world tour.
• PREP.
across the -
Astronomers across the world will
be watching the night sky.
all around/over/round the-
The ceremony was watched live by millions around the
world.

in the -
Hefelt he was the luckiest man in the whole
world.
throughout the-
People throughout the world will
be watching the big match on television.
• PHRASES
the end of the world
(figurative) It won't be
the end of the world if you don't get the job.
on a world
scale
Communist parties were formed on a world scale
after the Russian Revolution.
on the world stage
The
country became an important player on the world stage. a
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part of the world
It's an interesting part of the world.
the
world over
Scientists the world over have been waitingfor
this breakthrough.
2 part of the earth
• ADJ.
Arab, English-speaking, Western, etc.
Heads of
state from all over the Arab world gathered for the confer-
ence.

I
developed, First, industrialized, rich
First World
consumers will have toeat less meat.
I
developing, Third,
underdeveloped
I
New, Old
Machismo is a New World
phenomenon with roots in Old Worldcultures.
• PREP.
in the -
In the Western world, there is a differ-
ent attitude to marriage.
3 life/society
• ADJ.
ever-changing
I
cruel, dog-eat-dog, hard,
tough
I
crazy, mad, topsy-turvy
I
ancient, medieval,
Roman, etc.
I
contemporary, modern, today's
I
brave

new
the architects' vision of a brave new world ofpristine
concrete
I
vanishing
These tribesmen areproud survivors
of a vanishing world. I
outside, real
Throughout his time
in prison he had no contact with the outside world.
0
In the
real world things don't always happen like they do in
books.
I
dream, fantasy, imaginary, inner, private
She
enjoys creating imaginary toorldsfor children.
0
She lives
in her own inner world.
I
material, physical
I
simulated,
virtual
I
spiritual
I
spirit

Mediums claim to receive mes-
sages from the spirit world.
I
social
I
animal, insect,
natural, plant!
like living in the country because I'm inter-
ested in the natural world. I
academic, art, business,
fashion, industrial, literary, medical, sports
I
different
Wecomefrom different worlds.
I
sb's own (little)
She lives
in her own little world. I
whole (wide), wider
She told him
he was her only friend in the whole wide world.
0
The
wider world learned of his illness months after he told his
family.
I
small
I'm sure we'll meet again. It's a very small
world in this profession.
• VERB + WORLD

change
Young people always think
they are going to change the world.
I
have, inhabit, live in
Children often have their own private world.
I
look at,
perceive, see, view
different ways of-looking at the world
I
come into, enter, escape into
We come into the world
with nothing.
0
He entered the world of politics in
1997. 0
Showbusiness gave him the chance to escape into another
world.
I
bring sb into
She had brought six children into
the world.
I
escape from, shut yourself away from, shut
out
He closed his eyes and tried to shut out the world.
I
face
For thefirst time since the death of her parents, shefelt

able toface the world.
I
take on
He was
so
happy to leave
school, hefelt ready to take on the world.
I
tell
He wanted
to tell the world how happy he was.
I
prove to, show
She
was determined to show the world that she was no loser. I
shake, shock, stun
The news of the assassination shook
theworld.
• WORLD
+
VERB
fall apart
His world fell apart when
his wife died.
I
revolve around sb/sth
She thinks the
world revolves around her and her schedule.
I
owe sb sth

He seems to think that the world owes him a living.
• WORLD
+
NOUN
knowledge
I
view
Teachers influ-
encethe world view of their young students.
• PREP
in the -
He's well known in thefashion. world.
I -
about/around
At this age, babies are starting to take
an interest in the world around them. -
of
In the world of
high finance, there is little roomfor sentiment.
• PHRASES
experience/knowledge/perception of the
world, the eyes of the world
The eyes of the world are on
the president.
in an ideal/a perfect world
In an ideal
world, I'd like to
uiork just
three days a week.
in a world of

your own
I tapped on the window to get her attention but
she was in a world of her own.
the rest ofthe world
Hejust
wanted to shut himself away from the rest of the world.
watch the world go by
He likes to sit outside hisfront door
and watch the world go by.
the ways of the world
He's too
young to understand the ways of the world.
worlds apart
885
worry
Although they are twins, they are worlds apart in their at-
titude to life.
worm
noun
• WORM + VERB
burrow, crawl
Worms burrow down
through the soil.
I
wriggle, writhe
The worm was wrig-
gling on the hook.
• WORM + NOUN
cast
worried

adj.
• VERBS
be, feel, look, seem
I
get
I started to get wor-
ried when they didn't arrive home.
• ADV. deeply, desperately, dreadfully, extremely, fran-
tically, genuinely, particularly, really, seriously, ter-
ribly, very
I
increasingly
I
a bit, quite, rather, slightly
I
rightly
Citizens in inner-city areas are desperately worried
and rightly so.
• PREP.
about
Wewere really worried about you!
• PHRASES
worried sick
She was worried sick about her
son.
worry
noun
• ADJ. big, considerable great, main, major, real, ser-
ious
Paying the mortgage is a big worry for many people.

o
Her mother's poor health caused her considerable worry.
o
My greatest worry is that he'll do something stupid.
I
growing, increasing I slight I day-to-day I constant
The money side of things has been a constant worry.
I
un-
necessary
She gave her parents unnecessary worry when
she forgot to phone them. I
immediate
My immediate
worry is money.
I
nagging, niggling
I had a nagging
worry that we weren't going to get there.
I
secret
I
busi-
ness, economic, financial, money
I
health
It was a relief
toshare my secret worries with him.
• VERB
+

WORRY
have
That year he had major health
worries.
I be beset by
She wanted toenjoy her retirement
without being beset by jinancial worries.
I
be fran-
tic/ill/out of your mind/sick with
I didn't know where he
was and I was frantic with worry.
I
express
I
share
I
cause (sb), give sb
I
arouse, prompt
The earth tremors
prompted worries of asecond major earthquake.
I
add to,
increase
Thefact that she heard nothing from him only in-
creased her worry.
I
forget
Try and forget your worries

for a little while.
I
ease
I
remove, take out
Take the
worry out of travelling with our holiday insurance offer.
• WORRY + VERB
disappear
I
prove groundless/un-
founded
Most of Nigel:s worries proved groundless.
• PREP.
amid -
The pound has fallen to a new low amid
worries that the British economy is heading for trouble.
with -
He was sick with worry about everything.
I
-about,
- over
They will not have worries over money. -
to
His
mother's health is an enormous worry tohim.
• PHRASES
cause for worry
There is no immediate cause
for worry.

free from worry, freedom from worry, have no
worries on that account/score
The staff all work very
tuird-i-toe'ne
got no worries on that account.
the least of
your worries
When he lost his job, the size of his flat was
the least of his worries.
a source of worry
Money is a con-
stant source of worry. .
worry
verb
• ADV. a lot, particularly, really, terribly
She worries a lot
about crime.
0
What really worries me is what we do if
there's nobody there.
I
slightly
I
needlessly, unduly, un-
necessarily
You do worry unnecessarily, you know.
I
not
too much
Don't worry too much about it.

I
constantly
• VERB + WORRY
not let sth, not need to
Don't let it
worry you unduly.
I
begin to
I
tell sb not to
• PREP.
about
Don't worry about
me,
FII be fine.
with
Don't worry the driver with unnecessary requests
• PHRASES
enough/nothing to worry about
Don't
bother Harry-he has enough to worry about as it is.
stop
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