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STUDENT'S В О О К З
Herbert Puchtajeff Stranks & Peter Lewis-Jones

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UNIVERSITY PRESS


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CONTENTS
Welcome p 4

A let and allow; Music; Verbs of perception; The big screen; Present perfect tenses; T V programmes

Question tags; So do I / Neither do I; Accepting and refusing invitations; Party time; Indefinite pronouns; Arranging a party
Giving advice; Better or worse?; Comparisons

Unit 1
Life plans

Unit 2
Hard times

С Feeling under the weather;

D Reported speech; Sequencing words; Asking for and offering help; IT problems; IT vocabulary; Passive tenses

FUNCTIONS & SPEAKING

GRAMMAR

VOCABULARY

Complaining

Present tenses (review)

Making changes

Role play: Complaining to a family member

Future tenses (review)

Life plans

Talking about the future

p 12

В O u r endangered planet;

W o r d W i s e : Phrases with up

Talking about the past

Narrative tenses (review)

Descriptive verbs

would and used to

T i m e periods

p20

Review Units 1 & 2

pages 2 8 - 2 9

Unit3
What's in a name?

Giving advice

(don't) have to 1 ought to 1 should(n't)

Expressing obligation

had better

Giving recommendations, warnings

can('t) 1 must(n't)

p30

Making and selling

Expressions with name

and prohibitions

Unit 4
Dilemmas

Apologising and accepting apologies

First and second conditional (review)

Being honest

Talking about hypothetical situations

T i m e conjunctions

Making a decision

Expressing wishes

p38

wish and if only

W o r d W i s e : now

Third conditional (review)

Review Units 3 & 4

pages

46-47

Telling a story

What a story!

Relative pronouns

T y p e s of story

Defining and non-defining relative clauses

Elements of a story

Relative clauses with which

p48

Unit 6
How do they do it?

Talking about sequence

Present and past passive (review)

Explaining how things are d o n e

have something

Review Units 5 & 6
Unit 7
All the same?

Extreme adjectives and

done

modifiers

Future and present perfect passive (review)

make and do

Invitations

make 1 let and be allowed

Phrasal verbs (1)

Talking about permission

be 1 get used to

p56

P

/ must

(not)

pages

64-65
to

Personality

Talking about habits

66

Unit8
It's a crime

W o r d W i s e : Phrases with all

Giving and reacting to news

R e p o r t e d speech (review)

Crime

Reporting what someone said, asked

R e p o r t e d questions, requests and imperatives

Reporting verbs

or requested

p74

Review Units 7 & 8

Making deductions

What happened?

Modals of deduction (present)

Mysteries

should(n't)

Expressions with go

have

Modals of deduction (past)

p84

Unit 10
Money

J

_

pages 8 2 - 8 3

Sympathising

Future continuous

Money and value

Talking about future events

Future perfect

Jobs and work
W o r d W i s e : by

p92

Review Units 9 & 10
Unit 11
Help!

pages 1 0 0 - 1 0 1
Expressing purpose

Verbs followed by gerund or infinitive

Danger and safety

Emphasising

to 1 in order to 1 so as to

Adjectives with negative

so and such

prefixes

Phrasal verbs
/ wish 1 If only + past perfect

Phrasal v e r b s ( 2 )

p 102

Unit 12
A first time for

Expressing regret
Talking about fears

Nervousness and fear

*U:

Review Units 11 & 12
2

Pronunciation

pages 118-119

pages 120-121

Get it right!

pages 122-126

Speaking activities

pages 127-128


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PRONUNCIATION
Linking words with up

THINK
! T r a i n to Think: Reading b e t w e e n the lines

SKILLS
Reading

Article: 1 miss my bad habits
Article: For a better life . . .

i S e l f - e s t e e m : Life changes

Photostory: What's up with Mia?
Writing

1

L i s t e n i n g A conversation about famous p e o p l e w h o started their
careers late

i
Initial consonant clusters with Is/

A n email about resolutions

I T r a i n to Think: Following an idea through

Reading

Article: Family life in 17th-century Britain

i a paragraph

Culture: W h e r e life is really hard

[ V a l u e s : Animal rights
Writing

i

Article: Events that shook the world

A magazine article about a historical event

L i s t e n i n g A class presentation about animals being put on trial

! Strong and weak forms: /DV/

T r a i n to Think: Identifying the main topic

; and /av/

of a paragraph

Reading

Article: Brand names
Article: C r a z y names
Fiction: Wild Country

S e l f - e s t e e m : People and their names
Writing

by Margaretjohnson

A reply to a letter asking for advice

L i s t e n i n g A conversation about techniques for
remembering names
Train to Think: Thinking of consequences

C o n s o n a n t - v o w e l w o r d linking

j Reading

Quiz: W h a t would Y O U do?
Article: The day Billy Ray's life changed forever

V a l u e s : Doing the right thing

Photostory: A n d the hole gets d e e p e r !
i Writing

A diary entry about a dilemma

i L i s t e n i n g A guessing game: Famous Wishes

T r a i n to Think: Thinking about different

The schwa / э / in word endings

Reading

Article: E v e r y b o d y loves stories - but why?
Article: Hollywood fairytales

writing styles

Culture: Ireland - a nation of storytellers

S e l f - e s t e e m : A better world
Writing

A fairy tale

L i s t e n i n g A conversation about a short story
T h e /3/

T r a i n to Think: Understanding what's relevant

phoneme

Reading

Article: The man who walks on air
Blog: H o w Do They D o That?

S e l f - e s t e e m : Life changes

Fiction: The Mind Map by David Morrison
Writing

Explaining how things are d o n e

L i s t e n i n g A conversation about a new tattoo

1
Intonation - inviting, accepting

T r a i n to Think: Thinking outside the box

and refusing invitations

V a l u e s : Stereotypes

Reading

Film synopses: Billy Elliot and Bend It Like

Beckham

Article: My prisoner, my friend, my president and my father
Photostory: The nerd
Writing

An article about stereotypes

L i s t e n i n g A talk about a trip to Japan
Intonation - expressing surprise

] T r a i n to Think: Thinking about empathy

Reading

News reports: Thief feels sorry, Father angry victim of

j V a l u e s : Respecting the law; Understanding

online con

I that punishment will follow crime

Article: Getting creative with crime
Culture: Famous criminals
Writing

A report of a crime

L i s t e n i n g A n interview about restorative justice

Moving word stress

T r a i n to Think: Fact or opinion?

Reading

Article: The truth is out there
Article: Lost

V a l u e s : Thinking carefully before you act

Fiction: Howl
Writing

Met Myselfby

David A . Hill

Explaining a mystery

L i s t e n i n g A short story
Short and long vowel sounds:

T r a i n to Think: Exaggeration

/i/-/i:/and/D/-/3U/

S e l f - e s t e e m : What's important for your future?

Reading

Article: Bitcoins: here to stay?
W e b forum: A r e they worth it?
Photostory: Strapped for cash

Writing

My life in the future

L i s t e n i n g A quiz show: Show Me The

Strong and weak forms: /till/
and Д э /

T r a i n to Think: Understanding cause and effect

Reading

Money!

News report: Local man's bravery rewarded
Article: Emergency? W h a t emergency?

S e l f - e s t e e m : Offering and accepting help

Culture: The Great Escape
Writing

A story about a rescue

L i s t e n i n g The story of the farmer, the donkey and the well
Different pronunciations of ea

T r a i n to Think: Logical conclusions

Reading

Article: The first thing you remember
Readers' letters: My first (and last) time

V a l u e s : Breaking new ground

Fiction: Bullring Kid and Country
Writing

Cowboy by Louise Clover

A story about a bad decision

L i s t e n i n g A presentation about the history of the Internet

www.frenglish.ru

2 QBEEI

Listen again. Answer the questions.

1

W h y is Kim angry?

2

H o w long is it until the exams finish?

3

W h a t d o e s Lisa think about the situation?

4

W h o d o y o u agree with: Kim or her dad? W h y ?

3 ЕЕЯЗШЭ

What do your parents allow you to
do during exam time? What don't they let you
do? Make lists. Then compare with a partner.

Music
Sort the words into two groups. Label the groups.
Then think of four more items for each one.
drums i classical | jazz | violin
guitar | p o p

-

j piano

I rap

Verbs of perception
Complete the sentences from the conversation
with the correct forms of (not) look. Then match
them with the rules.

let and allow
1

1

You

2

Hey, Kim, what

v e r y happy.
at?

Ьшкдгщ Complete the conversation with the
words. Then listen and check.
looking

W e use v e r b s of p e r c e p t i o n (look,

allowed

| makes | talent show I cross
look I feel j sound | guitar | get
et

songs

looking

0

LISA

Hey, Kim, what are y o u

KIM

M y Science book. Can't y o u see I'm busy?

LISA

I'm just asking. Sorry.

KIM

No, I'm sorry. I d o n ' t
2

1

feel, taste)

in the present continuous to talk about actions. |

at?

in the present simple to talk about states.

Complete the mini-dialogues with the correct
forms of the verbs.

great today.

LISA

You d o n ' t

KIM

My dad

. v e r y happy. W h a t ' s the

LISA

That d o e s n ' t

KIM

H e says I'm not _

LISA

W h a t ? ! So he won't allow y o u to play in the

matter?

1
3

m

me
° so
c

4

so g o o d . W h y ?

5

to b e in the b a n d .

6

7

n

No. H e says no music until after my exams.

LISA

But they don't finish for four w e e k s !

KIM

2

next w e e k ?

KIM

3

I know. H e wants me to study and forget about
writing
. H e won't even
8

9

me practise the

1 0

.

LISA

But y o u n e e d some time to relax.

KIM

I know. 1
it. It just isn't fair.

11

so angry w h e n I think a b o u t

smell,

...

3

taste
A

W h a t are y o u doing?

В

I

the soup ... It

great.

smell
A

M y socks

really b a d !

В

Then why

you

them?

feel
A

Why

you

that j u m p e r ?

В

Because it's so soft. I like the w a y it

Work in pairs. Kim tries to persuade her dad
to let her play in the talent show. Write a
conversation of eight lines. Then read it out.


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WELCOME
e big screen
ВВЕШ8И Work in pairs. For each type of film, think of an example that you have both seen.
action

2

3

I animated

| comedy

! drama | horror | romantic c o m e d y

Read the article. What types of films

does it mention? wJiG*i.
СЛ>^-И1Л

,

Behind the camera

Read the article again and mark the
sentences T (true), F (false) or DS
(doesn't say).
1

HHMHsHHHHHHMBHwBR

Chris
Columbus

Chris Columbus's films are popular
with 1 3 - 1 8 - y e a r - o l d s .

2

| science fiction I thriller

C o l u m b u s started making films w h e n
he w a s 30.

3

His films aren't popular with older

people.

4

5

4

\ f-~

:

Lots of p e o p l e in H o l l y w o o d want
C o l u m b u s to make films.

ПП

He's never w o n an Oscar.

j^/J

ЕШНЗШЗ Work

in pairs. Think of your
favourite film director and discuss these
questions.
1

W h a t films has this director made?

2

W h a t d o y o u like a b o u t his/her films?

A 12-year-old who gets left behind when his family go on holiday,
a teenage magician fighting to save his world and the troubled
son of a Greek god living in modern-day America: these are

Present perfect tenses

just three of the characters brought to life on the big screen by
director Chris Columbus. With films such as Home Alone, Harry
Potter and the Chamber of Secrets and Percy Jackson and the
Sea of Monsters, Columbus has certainly shown that he knows
how tojet teenagers into the cinema.
Columbus has been making films for more than 30 years and
has become one of the most successful film directors of all time.
Since he directed his first film, Adventures in Babysitting, in 1987,
Columbus has been involved in some of the biggest films as both
a director and a producer.
But Columbus doesn't only make action films for the teenage
market. He's also made a number of successful films for adults.
Comedies such as Mrs Doubtfire, dramas such as The Help and
science fiction films such as Bicentennial Man have all helped
make Columbus one of Hollywood's most popular film-makers.

Complete the sentences. Use the present
perfect simple or continuous form of the
verbs and (circle) the correct words,
1

They A

m

^

^

4рцфт^е

87 minutes and neither side has.scored yet.
I yet htilj

4

kOA^tff^

fc^otwatch)

the final,

so please don't tell me which singer w o n .
НМА.

you

^

1

J

'

{

(see) last night's show

still I yet? B r a d Pitt and L a d y G a g a w e r e guests.
4

T h e children

A-li^i

pJA&l

T V watching SpongeBob
5

( jt)lns

for I since they got up.

It's the funniest programme on T V . I
. (not miss) an e p i s o d e still J yet.
T h e Prime Minister
the same thing fori

KM

ЫМ

since w e e k s now. No one

c

believes him. ~

T V programmes
1

Work in pairs. Look at the sentences in the previous exercise. Match them with the types of T V programme.
talent show [ sitcom

2

] cartoon

| the news I chat s h o w

Choose a type of T V programme from the list below. Write a sentence about it using the present perfect
simple and/or continuous. Don't include the type of programme in your sentence!
drama series | game s h o w

/ ve been watching
3

I sports programme

| reality show | soap ( o p e r a )

It for weeks, but no one has won the million-dollar

prize

yet.

ЕЯДИЕИ Read out your sentence. Can the rest of the class guess the type of T V programme?
5


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В TIME Т О A C T
Our endangered planet
1

ИЗНЗВЯ

Work in pairs. Describe the photos. What problems do they show?

О м а " * - ?

л^/

2

491.03

Listen to three conversations. Match them with the photos.

3

491.03

Listen again. In which conversation do you hear these words? Write the number.
W\

a

rubbish

с

litter

b

global warming

d

pollution

1

Complete these sentences from the

A

are t h e y ? | aren't t h e y ? | does it?

1

I guess they're just lazy,

But it only takes a few p e o p l e to spoil
everything, .. ' '

/ |

'• ' -" '

J

n

5

Even if they do, i t d o e s n ' t make our lives

7

.

. dol.

Complete the sentences so that they are true

I really like

3

I believe

4

I don't believe

Accepting and refusing invitations
Put the sentences in order to make a
conversation. Then listen and check.

It isn't the sort of thing you'd e x p e c t to see
/ f / / ?

. I

Y o u haven't told R o n ,

№

2

Y o u ' r e going to d o something about it,

3

It sounds quite dangerous, . C J J , . ' , ,

4

It didn't work,

?

Yes - 2 0 k m ! W a n t to join us?

SUE

That's a shame. But y o u will sponsor us, won't y o u

SUE

W e ' r e going to d o a s p o n s o r e d walk next Sunday.

DEREK

Complete the sentences with question

1

M a r c o a n d I want to d o something to help the
flood victims.

SUE

iCtf'f

tags.

к

В

I don't like

j 7 J SUE

^

do something.

^'dol.

1

A n d the politicians aren't really d o i n g

here,

7

I think w e should

2

1

-

anything to help,
8

П -

H u n d r e d s of homes w e r e d a m a g e d

•

A

your partner's sentences.

T h e y didn't ask us if w e w a n t e d it here,

6

^

SPEAKING

4

0WSf

I don't really believe

for you and read them out. Agree (or disagree!) with

-

any better,

2

?'

Yes, it's all those fumes from the factory,
H

m

neither.

В

2

{

smog

flooding

in all that.

d i d t h e y ? j is it? j isn't it?
w e r e n ' t t h e y ? j doesn't it?

у/у/

f

g

Look at the questions and complete the answers with
so or

recording with the question tags.

3

fumes

So do I f Neither do I

Question tags
1

J

e

O f course I will.

| DEREK

A r e y o u going to walk a long way?

| DEREK

W h a t are y o u going to d o ?

j DEREK

I'd love to, but I can't. I'm busy.

Work in pairs. Write a conversation using the underlined
phrases from Exercise 1.

?,

5

It won't b e easy, к ' / ' n

?

6

She wrote to her local politician,

You

and y o u r friend are tired o f all the rubbish in the street

and

have d e c i d e d to d o something about it. W h a t are you

going to d o ? Invite another friend to join y o u .


www.frenglish.ru
WELCOME

Party time
1

Work in pairs. Imagine you're organising a party. Make a list of important things to do.

2

Read the article. Does it mention the things on your list?
3

Read the article again and complete it
with the missing words.
get j send out j organise | pay
e v e r y o n e | hire j decorate
s o m e w h e r e | draw up | e v e r y t h i n g

J L .ж •

Indefinite pronouns
Complete the conversation with

1

suitable indefinite pronouns
somewhere,

nothing,

(everyone,

etc.). Then listen

and check.
TOM

Have y o u g o t

1

ready for

the party?
JADE

No,

2

_

found

is ready. W e haven't

3

to have it, for a start.

We've looked

T

he first question you need to ask is 'Why
am I having a party?' (It's my birthday;
the exams are over; our football team won a
match; I just want a party.)

Something else? You also need to find

JADE

Yes, w e ' v e invited 50 p e o p l e and

TOM

2

So you've got 50 p e o p l e coming, but
for them to come to?

JADE

That's right.

TOM

W e l l , we've got to d o

hold your party. Wherever you decide to have it, it's
probably a good idea to

permission from

W h a t a b o u t your parents?

TOM

T h e y won't mind. T h e y ' r e going

m
<

for the w e e k e n d . I'll make

you
sure

know or just some of your friends? It's time to
4

.

JADE

9

Next, who are you going to invite:

8

H o w about using my house?

your parents first.
3

_ . . yet?

is coming!

7

to

_.

Have y o u invited

All the best parties have a theme. What are you
1

.
5

TOM

6

going to choose for yours? Beach party? 1970s disco?

4

1 0

is clean and tidy

w h e n they get home.

the guest list. Remember: think carefully

time. Any sooner, and people might forget about the

Read the next part of the story and
continue the conversation. Write four
more lines. Use at least one indefinite
pronoun.

party; any later, and some of your guests might

It's the day after the party. Tom's mum

already have other plans.

dad arrive home and open the

OK, so now you've got a fortnight to get it all ready.

MUM

W h a t ' s h a p p e n e d ? Look at our house!

Don't panic - it's plenty of time, but don't leave

DAD

Tom! T O M !

6

TOM

about how many people you can afford to invite.
When your list is ready, you can

5

2

the

invitations. Two weeks before the party is the ideal

-

until the last minute. If you want to
8

_ a deposit,

so make sure you have the money for that. Then you
need to

9

the food and

O h , hi, M u m . Hi, D a d . You're home
early. Did y o u have a g o o d time?

a DJ, start looking now. Remember that
he or she might want you to _

and

door...

1 0

the room,

although these things can be left until the day before.

Arranging a party
ЕЗНЗИИ Work in pairs to organise a party.
Be creative! Think about:

Finally, get a good night's sleep the night before,

•

w h a t it's for

w h e r e it will b e

give yourself a few hours to get the last few things

•

the t h e m e

f o o d and drink

•

w h o to invite

music

ready and then, most importantly of all, have fun!

7

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С IN M Y O P I N I O N , . . .
Feeling under the weather
1

Listen to the conversation.
What's the matter with Gemma?

2

Complete the conversation with
the words.
appointment | should | operation
energy i better | get | physically | took
MUM

Y o u don't look well, G e m m a .
W h a t ' s up?

GEMMA

I'm just tired all the time, M u m .
You know, I haven't got any
1

MUM
GEMMA

A r e y o u sleeping O K ?
Not great, no. I often wake up
in the night.

MUM

W e l l , y o u know, G e m m a , y o u
„
take more exercise.
2

That w o u l d help.
GEMMA

Really?

MUM

Yes. I mean, if y o u

3

more exercise, you'd b e more tired
4

GEMMA

and then you'd sleep better.

I go for long walks. M y p r o b l e m isn't
exercise.
MUM

Yes, you're right, of course. W e l l , perhaps
you'd

5

make an
GEMMA

6

ought.

1

It's late - you'd

7

g°to see a doctor.

Jane's in hospital. W e

go and visit her.

5

6

Sometimes there's more than one possible
combination.

Y o u r k n e e hurts? W e l l , you'd

If y o u want to get better, y o u

a

an appointment

get

b

an operation

have

с

exercise

make

d

a doctor

see

e

take

f

to rest

Match the problems 1-3 with the pieces of
advice a - c . Then write one more piece of advice
for each problem. Use hac/ better, should
ought

feel

not play

as much as possible.

don't w o r r y about me. I'll b e fine.

Match the verbs 1-6 with a - f to make phrases.

make

football today, t h e n .

last w e e k .

O K , M u m . H o p e y o u r friend's all right.
And

The d o c t o r is v e r y busy, so y o u
an appointment. Don't just turn up.

better soon

O K , well, w e can talk about it later. I'm going

should

If y o u aren't well, y o u

A doctor? I don't think so. I don't feel sick -

8

3

Complete the sentences with better,
or

for y o u if y o u like.

out to see a friend of mine w h o had an

GEMMA

1

see a doctor. I can ring and

just tired. I'm sure I'll
MUM

Giving advice

You're joking, right? I run, I go swimming,

and

to.

1

M y hand really hurts.

2

I think I'm going to b e late for school.

3

I can't d o this homework.

better

a

You'd better hurry.

sick

b

Perhaps y o u should p h o n e a friend.

с

Y o u ought to see a doctor.

[

|

Write down as many words related to health as
you can think of. Then compare with a partner.

Е 2 Я З П Н Work in pairs. Write mini-dialogues
including the problems and advice in Exercise 2.

sick
nurse
hospital

A d d two or three lines to each. Then act
them out.

www.frenglish.ru
WELCOME

у

all

t h e s e

a

I'm really tired of awards ceremonies
and prizes. Why do we have to
compare things? Everywhere you look,
there's something going on about
who or what is 'the best' or 'the most
comfortable' or 'the biggest', and so
on. And sometimes the prize winners
aren't the best anyway!

л

\

Here's an example: the Oscars in 2014.
I saw the film Gravity and it was the
most exciting film I'd ever seen. But
did it win the Oscar for Best Film? No!

They gave the award to Twelve Years
A Slavel Can you believe it? It wasn't
as good as Gravity at all.

than Cate Blanchett, who won Best
Actress. But the good thing is that
Gravity won Best Visual Effects I've never seen anything as fantastic.
And was the music good? It was
great! No other film had music as
brilliant as that.

OK, Gravityw&s the most successful
film at the Oscars it got seven awards but I don't think that's
enough. Sandra
Bullock was fantastic
as Dr Ryan. I think
she's much better

I said all these things to my friend
Dave the day after the Oscars. I told
him I thought the judges were the
craziest people in the world. Dave
asked me how many films I'd seen
in 2013.1 said, 'One - Gravity:
Dave says he doesn't know anyone
as stupid as me.

4k

\

Compariso ns
1
'4

t

Complete the sentences with the correct form
of the adjectives and adverbs. Add any other
necessary words.
1

T h e weather t o m o r r o w won't be

_ (cold)

as today.

A
2

This is the

3

D o y o u think this is
other test?

(good) pizza I've ever eaten.

4

This book's O K , but it isn't the

(difficult) than the

(interesting) one I've ever read.

Read the blog entry. Mark the sentences T (true)
or F (false).

She learns things

6

I'm not v e r y g o o d at tennis, but I'm _
(bad) asjanice!

7

Better or worse?
1

5

(easy) than I do.

H u r r y u p ! Can't y o u walk

(quick)

than that?
8

2

Do y o u speak as

(loud) your sister?

1

T h e writer likes awards ceremonies.

2

Gravity w o n Best Film at the 2014 Oscars.

и а д я 1 и Д Work in pairs or small groups. Discuss
these statements. Do you agree or disagree with
them? Why?

3

T h e writer thinks the visual effects in

1

T h e best things in life are free.

2

If something is more expensive, it's always better.

Gravity are the best he's ever seen.
4

Dave thinks the writer is v e r y intelligent.

ВЗВШИ

Work in pairs. Discuss these

questions.

It's more important to w o r k hard than to play hard.
Exercise isn't as important as g o o d sleep.

W h a t other awards ceremonies d o you know of?

Choose two things or people from one of these
categories. Write a paragraph comparing them.

2

Do y o u like awards ceremonies? W h y (not)?

sports that y o u like

3

Do y o u think it's fair to c o m p a r e different movies,

towns or cities that y o u know

actors, music, etc. a n d choose one as the best?

books that y o u have read

1

3

3
4

actors that y o u like
school subjects

9


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OBJECTIVES
talking about the
future; complaining
GRAMMAR: present tenses (reviev
future tenses (review)
VOCABULARY: making changes;
life plans; phrases with up

FUNCTIONS:

PLANS
READING
1

2

What are the people doing in the photos? Do
you think these are good or bad habits? Why?
Tick ( / ) the bad habits that you have. Then add
two more of your own.
[~~]

not doing enough exercise

{

]

leaving your homework until the last minute

J

]

forgetting important dates

П

4

Read the article quickly. What two things is the
writer trying to change about her life?
Read the article again and listen. Mart
the sentences T (true) or F (false).
1

2

3

W e use different parts of our brain
d e p e n d i n g on w h o we're thinking about.

4

O u r brains don't always let us make g o o d
choices for our future selves.

be studying
getting up late for school

T h e writer is finding it easy to lead a
healthier life.

texting w h e n y o u shouldn't
playing computer games w h e n y o u should

T h e writer has to finish the article by

the following day.

5

It takes just under t w o months for our brains
to feel h a p p y with changes to our lifestyles.

3

ИЗИЯШЭ Work in pairs. What can you do to
change some of these habits?

6

T h e writer has d e c i d e d that she'll never b e
able to change her habits.


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! LIFE PLANS

h a b i t s
Minecraft. You know
you've got an important
test tomorrow, so why
don't you just turn off
the computer and go
to b e d ? As I said,
it's your brain's
fault. Scientists have

done experiments
that show we use
one part of our
brain when we think
about ourselves
and another when
we think about other
people. However, when
we think about ourselves in
the future, we u s e the s a m e part
of the brain that we usually use to
think about other p e o p l e . In other
words, the brain s e e s the 'future
you' as a different p e r s o n to your
'present you'. And that's why we
don't always find it easy to m a k e
sensible decisions for ourselves in
the future.

I don't believe it! It's 11 pm and
I'm still sitting h e r e writing this
article for the school magazine! I've
had two w e e k s to write it and my
teacher wants it tomorrow, She's
always complaining that I leave
things to the last minute. Maybe
she's right. A month ago, I m a d e a
resolution to b e more efficient this
y e a r and to never leave things to
the last minute. Well, I've failed.

At the moment, I g u e s s kids all over
the country a r e thinking back to
the resolutions they m a d e at the
b e g i n n i n g of the school year. Some
of them have already given up for
this year. Others a r e still doing
well. Many, I suspect, like me, are
struggling with them. I've also b e e n
trying to get fitter for four w e e k s
now. I've started going to the gym,
I've taken up karate lessons and
I've c h a n g e d my diet. I've even
b e e n going to b e d earlier. But I'm
not feeling any fitter, just a little
unhappier. I miss my b a d habits.
Why is leading a better life so hard?

But that's not all. Scientists have
also discovered that it takes around
ten w e e k s to form a g o o d habit. For
example, it's going to take another
six w e e k s before going to the
g y m stops b e i n g so difficult and
b e c o m e s an automatic part of my
life. That's b e c a u s e ten w e e k s is the
amount of time the brain n e e d s to

I've just r e a d an article on a
website and I've discovered that it
isn't my fault! In fact, it isn't

anyone's fault. It's our brains.
They're p r o g r a m m e d to m a k e it
difficult to b r e a k b a d habits. There's
nothing we can do. For example,
you're sitting up late playing

c h a n g e and accept new behavioural
patterns as part of e v e r y d a y life.
The g o o d news is that once you
m a k e it to ten weeks, everything
b e c o m e s a lot easier. The b a d news
is that ten w e e k s is a really long
time, so it's easy to give up on your
good intentions sooner.
So there you are. Maybe we
want to change our ways and
b e c o m e better people but our
brains won't let us. Or is this
just an excuse? Look - I've
finished my article on time!
Anything is possible!

Reading between the lines
Sometimes

a writer doesn't tell us everything

to draw conclusions
We call this 'reading

6

from the information
between

directly: we need

the writer

gives.

the lines'.

SPEAKING

Answer the questions and give reasons for
your answers.

Work in pairs. Discuss these questions.

0

1

W h o is the writer? (paragraph 1)

She's a schoolgirl
magazine
1

— she's writing

and mentions

her

for the school

teacher.

Does the writer feel guilty that she hasn't finished
the article? (paragraph 1)

2

W h a t resolutions are y o u going to make for this
school year?

2

W h a t d o y o u think is the secret of changing your life
for the better?

Careful planning.

bo work first, play later.

Does she enjoy exercise? (paragraph 1)

Listen to your parents.

13


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GRAMMAR
Present tenses (review)
1

LOOK!

W e can use the p r e s e n t continuous

w i t h always to complain a b o u t b e h a v i o u r that
w e don't like a n d find annoying.

Match sentences 1-5 with the tenses a - d and then

My dad's

complete the rule with the names of the tenses.

always

telling me what

to

do.

1

I'm still sitting here writing this article.

2

I've also been trying to get fitter for four weeks now.

Complete the text with the correct present tei

3

I've started going to the gym.

forms of the verbs. Sometimes more than one

4

I'm not feeling any fitter, just a little unhappier.

5

T h e brain sees the 'future y o u ' as a different

tense is possible.

person to your 'present you'.

It's 2 am and 1

1

(lie) in bed. 1

2

3

present perfect continuous

(try) to get to sleep, but I can't. 1

b

present simple

trouble sleeping for about a month now. 1

с

present continuous (x2)

a

(try) different things to help me sleep, but nothing
5

d

(work). My mind

present perfect

to stop. A lot

7

RULE:
W e use the

to talk a b o u t facts a n d

(not want)

8

(study) a lot. There's

also the question of next year. 1

9

about it for ages. Mum and D a d

10

(think)
(want)

me to go to university, but I'm just not sure what to do.

give opinions.
2

6

(happen) in my life right now.

It's exam time, so 1

1

(have)
4

W e use the

to talk a b o u t what's

h a p p e n i n g at or a r o u n d the time o f speaking.
3

W e use the

SPEAKING

to talk about past actions

4

W e use the

Work in pairs. Think about a problc

you've been having and tell your partner.

without saying w h e n t h e y h a p p e n e d .
to talk a b o u t actions

I've been fighting a lot with my little brother

that started in the past a n d a r e still h a p p e n i n g .

recently. I've tried to ignore him, but it's impossibl
Workbook page 1

VOCABULARY
Making changes
1

2

Complete the text with the missing verbs.

Match the phrases with the definitions.
0

make a resolution

1

give something up

Last year I

d o well

the habit of getting
_ my ways. I tried t o
up late at weekends. For two months I got up at 8 am.

2
3

struggle with something

4

take something up

5

break a b a d habit

6

form a g o o d habit

loads of resolutions and decided to

3

4

7

change your ways

•
•
•

a

stop doing something

b

find something difficult

с

start a new h o b b y or interest

d

stop doing something that isn't g o o d
for y o u

e

afternoon. I a l s o

5

up sleeping in the
up wasting time online, but my

parents bought me a laptop and that was the end of that. Then
I stopped eating meat. I w a s

6

roast beef. I just had to eat it. I tried t o

well until Mum made
7

good

habits as well: for example, I started piano lessons. But I
8

with finding time to practise, so I stopped. This

year I've only made one resolution: not to make any resolutions.
В Н В Ш И ш Н Н Ш Я Н
SPEAKING

Work in pairs. Discuss these questions.

start doing something that is g o o d
for y o u

14

But by 2 pm I felt sleepy, so 1.

f

d e c i d e to make a positive change

g

d o things differently (usually for the better)

h

b e successful

1

W h a t subjects are y o u doing well in at school?

2

W h a t subjects d o y o u struggle with?

3

W h a t w a s the last thing y o u gave up doing? W h y ?
»3


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1

LIFE PLANS

ISTENING

SPEAKING

n tawiKi Read the questions carefully.

Work in pairs. Discuss these

questions.

Listen again and make notes.

1

W h a t d o y o u know a b o u t these p e o p l e ?

1

W h a t ' s Annie's problem?

2

C a n y o u match the information with each

2

W h a t d o e s Ben want to d o with his life?

person?

3

H o w w a s j a m e s j o y c e earning a living w h e n

A

he was 30?

_ was a famous Irish writer.

В

4

w r o t e Rocky.

H o w a r e the examples of Joyce, Stallone a n d
Rowling different to Annie's situation?

w r o t e the H a r r y Potter
5

series.

W h y d o e s Ben tell A n n i e not to w o r r y ?

ЕЕШЗЗПВИ Work in

Listen and check.

pairs. Compare your

answers to Exercise 3.

GRAMMAR
Future tenses (review)
1

(Circle) the best tense.
1

Look at the sentences from the listening.

We'll go I We're going to the beach this Friday.
D o y o u want to come?

Complete them with the correct future forms
of the verbs. Then complete the rule with

2

I don't think I'll finish I I'm finishing this homework.

present

3

/ won't go I I'm not going to university this year.

1

continuous, going to and w/7/.

I

I w a n t to take a year off.

(meet) the careers advisor
4

this afternoon.
2

I

3

I'm sure y o u
you d o .

(study) medicine at university.

(do) well whatever

I've got an appointment with the dentist
tomorrow. I'm seeing I I'll see her at 10 am.

5

Daisy's learning to fly. She'll be I She's going to be
a pilot.

6

I'm not eating I going to eat chocolate. That's my
resolution for next year.

RULE:

7

To talk about future arrangements, w e often use
the
1

A r g e n t i n a will win I are winning the next W o r l d
C u p . That's what I think.

ё

2

•

T o make predictions, w e often use

•

T o talk about intentions, w e often use

8

We're flying I We will fly on Friday. I'm so excited.

.
3

_

Write down:
1

t w o arrangements you've got for this w e e k .

2

t w o intentions you've got for this year.

3

t w o predictions for your life.

www.frenglish.ru

Read the article again. Which paragraphs she
these people read and think about? There mi
be more than one possible answer.

READING
1

ЕЗДИЛИ

Tick ( / ) the statements you agree
with. Then discuss them in pairs.

1
A g o o d friend . . .
always tells y o u what they're thinking.
[

|

2

'Can't they see I don't really feel like talking? I j
want them to leave me alone.'

never criticises y o u .
3

agrees with everything y o u say.

'Katie's always got a smile on her face. I wish m)
was as perfect as hers.'

j always listens w h e n you have a p r o b l e m .
4

Read the article and match the titles with the
paragraphs.
j

'Billy's so unfriendly to me. I don't k n o w what Г
d o n e wrong.'

'I t h i n k j e n n y would be a brilliant d r u m m e r for
b a n d . I don't know what your p r o b l e m is.'

5

'I wish Dylan wasn't so untidy. H e always makes
such a mess.'

J N o one is h a p p y all the time
Stop expecting e v e r y b o d y to like y o u

ЕЮПЗШЗ

Don't e x p e c t p e o p l e always to agree with y o u

questions.

Stop expecting p e o p l e to know what you're

1

thinking

Work in pairs. Discuss these

W h i c h piece of advice d o you think is the best]
Why?

Don't e x p e c t p e o p l e to change

2

W h a t other advice would y o u a d d ?

ООО
Life can be hard, a n d w h e n our plans don't w o r k
out, it's often easy to blame others. Sometimes
w e expect too much from friends a n d family, a n d
w h e n they don't act as w e think they should, w e
feel disappointed. Maybe it w o u l d be easier if w e
stopped expecting so much from other people.
>ne is perfect, a n d that includes y o u

So you want to travel the world before you do a degree,
but your parents don't think it's a good idea. Of course, it's

great if other people can support you in your decisions, but
you can't keep everyone happy all of the time. It's your life
and you need to make the decisions to make you happy.

Don't worry if there are people who aren't very nice to you,
because there are plenty of people who are. They're called
your friends. Spend time with them and avoid the others.
And when it comes to finding that special person and
settling down, remember: there's somebody for everyone.

You've been practising football all summer. You think you're
good enough to be in the school team, but the teacher
doesn't seem to be thinking the same thing. Maybe he just
hasn't thought about it at all. He isn't a mind reader, so tell
•him. Then at least he knows what you're thinking. He might
even choose you.

16

People can change, but they don't usually
do it because someone else wants them to.
You can try and tell them what you're not so
happy about, so at least they know, but don'
be too disappointed if they carry on doing
exactly the same things. You have a choice:
accept them or walk away.

From their Facebook updates, you'd believe
that all your friends are happy all the time
and leading exciting lives. Of course, they

aren't, just like you know that your life isn't
always perfect. We all go through hard times
and w e often try to hide it. Be kind to people
They might be having a bad day and your
smile could make a big difference.


1

www.frenglish.ru
LIFE PLANS

VOCABULARY
Life plans
1

Match the phrases with the pictures.
Write 1-8 in the boxes.

2

1

retire

5

start a family

2

travel the w o r l d

6

settle d o w n

3

start a c a r e e r

7

get p r o m o t e d

4

get a d e g r e e

8

leave school

Complete the text with phrases from Exercise 1.
Use the correct forms of the verbs.

My uncle has always done things differently. He
1

when he was 16 because he wanted to see

other places. He spent the next twenty years
2

, working in restaurants and hotels in many

different countries. When he was in his early forties, he
decided to return to the UK. He went to university and
3

. He did really well, and when he finished, he

4

as a translator. Because he was good at his

job, h e

5

_ quite quickly and he was soon Head

Translator. When he was 48, he met the love of his life
and they decided t o

6

and

7

.

Now he's 55, with three young children. He says he wants
8

soon. He wants to stop working and take

CO

the whole family around the world with him. I wouldn't be
surprised if he does.

• THINK SELF-ESTEEM H i
Life changes
1

Complete the table with your own ideas.

You leave home

One positive change

One negative change

Freedom

You have to look after

yourself.

You do a degree
You start a career
You start a family
You get promoted
You retire

2

ЕШЭШЗ

Work in small groups. Compare your ideas.

WRITING
An email about resolutions
Write an email to an English-speaking friend in another country. Describe your resolutions for the
coming school year. Write about:
•

bad habits you're changing

• new classes you're taking

• activities y o u plan to take up

• w h y you're doing all of this

17

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P H O T O S T O R Y : episode 1
Look at the photos and answer the questions.
W h a t d o you think the problem is?
W h a t d o e s Mia want to give up?
m>

1.10

Now read and listen to the photostory,

Check your answers.

FLORA Hi, Leo. Hi, Jeff.
LEO Hi, Flora.
FLORA Hey, h a s e i t h e r of y o u s e e n M i a lately?
JEFF N o . I h a v e n ' t s e e n h e r for a g e s , a c t u a l l y .
LEO N o w y o u m e n t i o n it, n e i t h e r h a v e I.
FLORA It's s t r a n g e , isn't it? She h a s n ' t b e e n to t h e
cafe for a l o n g t i m e . I w o n d e r w h a t she's u p t o .
LEO Hey, look w h o it is. Hi, Mia! W e w e r e j u s t
talking about you. W h e r e have you b e e n hiding?

MIA D o n ' t e v e n joke a b o u t it. I n e v e r h a v e
t i m e to do a n y t h i n g a n y more.
FLORA C o m e a n d sit d o w n . I'll get y o u
s o m e t h i n g to drink.
MIA You're a star. That's j u s t w h a t I n e e d .
JEFF So w h a t ' s u p , Mia? W h y a r e y o u so

busy?
MIA W h e r e s h a l l I s t a r t ? M o n d a y s , I h a v e
e x t r a F r e n c h l e s s o n s . T u e s d a y s , it's t e n n i s
lessons. Wednesdays, violin lessons.
T h u r s d a y s , it's o r c h e s t r a . T h e n e v e r y
n i g h t I'm u p l a t e d o i n g m y h o m e w o r k .
LEO It's T h u r s d a y today.
MIA I k n o w . I'm o n l y h e r e b e c a u s e o r c h e s t r a
was cancelled this week. Thank
goodness.

CHLOE Hi, M i a .
MIA Hi, C h l o e .
CHLOE W h a t ' s u p w i t h y o u ? You d o n ' t s o u n d v e r y h a p p y .
MIA It's n o t h i n g .
CHLOE Really?
MIA Well, t o b e h o n e s t , I d o n ' t r e a l l y feel like o r c h e s t r a today.
CHLOE W h y n o t ?
MIA I h a v e n ' t h a d a n y t i m e t o p r a c t i s e . A n d I ' m t i r e d . I d o n ' t
k n o w if I'm u p to it.
CHLOE D o n ' t b e silly. I'm s u r e it'll b e fine. Look, M r W a l e s
w a n t s t o s t a r t . C o m e on, M i a .
MIA H e r e w e go. I a m not l o o k i n g f o r w a r d t o t h i s .

18

LEO D o n ' t y o u like p l a y i n g t h e violin?
MIA N o t really. I m e a n , I like p l a y i n g a n
i n s t r u m e n t . I just don't t h i n k I w a n t
t o c o n t i n u e w i t h t h e violin. D o y o u

k n o w I s p e n d u p to a n h o u r every day
practising?
FLORA So w h y d o y o u d o it?
MIA To k e e p m y m u m h a p p y , I s u p p o s e .
JEFF You s h o u l d t a l k t o her, tell h e r y o u w a n t
t o give it u p .
MIA Yeah, m a y b e . But it's n o t a l w a y s so e a s y
to talk to her.
FLORA Well, y o u n e e d t o d o s o m e t h i n g . You
d o n ' t h a v e a n y t i m e for yourself. I m e a n ,
w e n e v e r get t o s e e y o u a n y m o r e .
MIA Yeah, I g u e s s y o u ' r e right. It's u p t o m e
t o d o s o m e t h i n g a b o u t it.


www.frenglish.ru
LIFE PLANS

1

DEVELOPING SPEAKING
Work in pairs. Discuss what you think Mia
decides to do. Write down your ideas.
We think

that

violin and

Mia

continues

decides
playing

to carry on with
in the

WordWise
Phrases with u p

the

orchestra.

1
I

сил

Match the phrases in bold with the definitions.

Watch and find out how the story

continues.

1

So what's up, Mia?

2

D o y o u know I s p e n d up to an hour e v e r y
day practising?

Answer the questions.
1

W h a t happens at orchestra practice?

2

W h a t reasons d o e s M i a give to her mum for

3

I w o n d e r what she's up to.

4

T h e n e v e r y night I'm up late d o i n g my
homework.

giving up the violin?
3

W h y d o e s M i a think her mum changed her mind?

4

H o w is M i a learning the guitar?

5

W h y d o e s M i a enjoy playing the guitar?

PHRASES FOR FLUENCY
1

Find these expressions in the photostory.

5

It's up to me to d o something about it.

6

I don't know if I'm up to it.

a

not in b e d

b

doing

с

what's the matter?

d

capable of

e

as long as / to a maximum of

f

my responsibility

Who says them? How do you say them in
your language?
1
2

Use words and phrases from Exercise 1 to

N o w y o u mention i t , . . .

complete the sentences.

W h e r e have y o u b e e n hiding?

3

You're a star.

1

W h a t have y o u b e e n

4

W h e r e shall I start?

2

I was

5

Don't b e silly.

3

O h , no! Y o u look really unhappy.

H e r e w e go.

4

It isn't my decision. It's

6

recently?

late watching T V last night.
?
y o u to

decide.
2

Use the expressions in Exercise 1 to complete
the conversations.
1

5

He's 75 now, so he isn't

6

This car can carry

long walks.
six p e o p l e .

A Y o u look tired. Has it b e e n a busy day?
В

Busy? _

First, I had a Maths test.

Then I had Drama club at lunchtime. T h e n it
was a
A

В

five-kilometre

run in PE ..

W e l l , y o u just sit d o w n and I'll get y o u

Pronunciation

something to eat.

Linking words with u p

Thanks, M u m .

Go to page 120.

.

Ш

, A n n i e ? I haven't seen you for days.

I haven't b e e n a n y w h e r e . You're the one
who disappeared.

, I have b e e n quite busy.
It's ten o'clock. T i m e for the test.
_

I'm really not r e a d y for this.

M e neither. I've got a feeling I'm not going
to pass.
—

Y o u always pass.

FUNCTIONS
Complaining
1

Match the parts of the sentences.
1

I'm not h a p p y with

2

T h e p r o b l e m is that

3

He's always

4

If I'm honest, I don't

a

it takes up so
much time.

b

picking on me.

d

the w a y he talks

really like the violin.

to me.

ROLE play

Work in pairs. Student A: turn to

page 127. Student B: turn to page 128.


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OBJECTIVES

FUNCTIONS:

talking about the |

GRAMMAR:

narrative tenses (re

would

and used

VOCABULARY:

to

descriptive verb

time periods

READING
1

2

Look at the pictures and answer the questions
1

W h a t d o the pictures illustrate?

2

H o w was life in the past harder than it is today?

Read the article quickly. Make notes on these

I I D A I lv

ri N

F o l l o w i n g an i d e a t h r o u g h a paragr

questions about the Great Fire of London.
It can be difficult to follow what a writer is trying to say
a longer paragraph.
/

In what year did it happen?

2

How did it start?

3

How long did it last?

4

How did people get away?

5

How was the fire stopped?

6

What damage did it do?

understand
4

We need to read carefully to

fully what the writer is saying.

Answer the questions.
T h e e n d of Paragraph 2 says: 'The situation provi
the p e r f e c t conditions for flames to spread q u i d
1

Look back at the paragraph. H o w many thing
n e e d e d to start a big fire? List them.

2

W h a t w e r e those things in London in 1666?

T h e beginning of Paragraph 3 says: 'The fire spre
quickly but it was also extremely difficult to fight

3

t . shim Read the article again and listen.
Add details to your notes from Exercise 2 .

20

3

L o o k back at the paragraph. W h y was the fin
difficult to fight?


www.frenglish.ru
2 iHARD TIMES

The Great Fire of London
The event that changed the face of 17th-century London forever
I t w a s 1 am on Sunday 2
I September, 1666. London w a s
sleeping. In a small bakery in
Pudding Lane, Thomas Farriner
and his workers were busily
making bread for the coming day
when, suddenly, a fire broke out.
Just four days later, thousands of
houses had been destroyed and
countless people were homeless.
How did this happen, and why
was the damage so extensive?

For a fire to start, three things are
needed: a spark, fuel and oxygen.
In the bakery in Pudding Lane,
a maid didn't tend to the ovens
properly. They got too hot and
sparks began to fly. The weather
that year had been extremely hot.
It hadn't rained for months. But
people knew winter w a s coming,
so they'd stocked their cupboards
with food and oil. Warehouses
were full of wood, coal and other
winter supplies. A strong wind
was blowing from the east. The
situation provided the perfect
conditions for flames to spread
quickly. What followed w a s one
of the biggest disasters of the
17th-century world.

I. l i f e

The fire spread quickly, but it
w a s also extremely difficult to
fight. It started in a poor area of
the city, where houses were built
very close to one another. Tens of
thousands of people were living
in very small spaces. A simple
house w a s often home to many

families as well a s lodgers. A s
the catastrophe struck, people
panicked. Some had to smash
their doors to get out of their
homes. The streets were blocked
with people and with material that
had fallen from houses. Many
people had grabbed their most
important possessions and were
trying to flee from the flames with
them. They screamed in terror and
suffered from the heat and the
smoke. Some escaped from the
city on boats. Others simply dived
into the river to save themselves.

The fire had been raging for
almost four days when the Duke
of York put a plan into action.
His soldiers demolished a large
warehouse full of paper. This
robbed the fire of more fuel and
created a 'fire break' that the
flames could not jump over. At
about this time, the wind also
changed direction, driving the
fire back into itself. At last, the
flames died down enough to be
controlled. The fire w a s finished.
Although surprisingly few people

lost their lives, at least 13,000
houses - 80 per cent of the city's
buildings - had been destroyed.
Thousands of people had become
homeless and had lost everything
they owned. Gradually, houses
were rebuilt in the ruins, but
this took several years. Many
Londoners moved away from
their city and never returned.

1ч I L

SPEAKING
Work in pairs. Discuss these questions.
1

2

W

h

a

t

o

t

h

e

r

events would y o u suggest for the Events that shook the world series? W h y ?

If you had to leave your home in a hurry a n d had the time to save t h r e e things, what w o u l d y o u choose?
21


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GRAMMAR
Narrative tenses (review)

VOCABULARY
Descriptive verbs

1

1

Match the sentences from the article on page 21

Certain verbs make narratives sound mo
dramatic. Find these words in a dictionar

with the tenses. Then complete the rule.

and write down:

1

London was sleeping.

2

T h o m a s Farriner and his w o r k e r s were busily making

1

what they mean.

b r e a d [...] w h e n , suddenly, a fire broke out.

2

their past simple and past participle form:

3

It hadn't rained for months.

smash

4

T h e fire had been raging for almost four days.

demolish j grab j scream

5

His soldiers demolished a large warehouse.

a

past perfect

b

past simple

с

past continuous (two sentences)

d

past perfect continuous

2

rage

dive ! flee I strike

Replace the underlined words with word
from Exercise 1. Change the form if neces

RULE:
We use...
to talk about finished actions in the past.

1

to talk about longer actions in the past
interrupted by shorter actions.
to set the scene.
to talk about actions before a certain time
in the past.
_ to talk about uninterrupted actions before
a certain time in the past.

Complete the sentences with the past simple
or past continuous form of the verbs.
0

W h i l e p e o p l e were т и и ш
a warehouse

1

exploded

W h e n they

towards the river,

. (run / e x p l o d e )
how serious the situation

was, they

their possessions and

A man

W h i l e they

days, a n d no one knew how to
stop them.

how to stop the fire,

it

W h e n I got there, I heard

clear that little could b e d o n e .

s o m e b o d y shouting with fear.

(think / become)
4

T h e y knocked d o w n the houses

W h i l e the p e o p l e in the bakery
a small

T h e thief stole a motorbike

T h e fires had b e e n burning for

for his family w h e n he
a baby in the street, (look / find)

3

smasl

and e s c a p e d .

to get away, (notice / take / try)
2

H e picked up a stone and broke
the w i n d s c r e e n of the car.

fire

bread,

(make / start)

to make space for new shops.

T h e man took my wallet from me

Complete the conversation with the correct form of

quickly a n d ran away.
T h e car lost control and hit

the verbs. Use the tenses from Exercise 1.

another vehicle.
burn ! d o j see I run I sit I walk
IAN

I had a real scare yesterday. As 1
house, 1

OLI
IAN

2

something

Fortunately not. 1
5

up to our

7

4

j u m p e d into the water.

6

Workbook

page

into the house,
on the floor in shock. He

science experiments! O n e of them
_

H e t o o k off his clothes and

?

the kitchen door and there was my

brother. He

22

1

smoke coming from the window.

3

8

go J o p e n

wrong and exploded.

nciati
Initial consonant clusters with / s /
Goto page 120.


www.frenglish.ru
2

: 3

NG

HARD TIMES

j - рдига Listen again. For questions 1-5, choose
А , В or C .

Look at the picture. Why do you think the cow was
1

in court? Choose the best option.
A

It w a s accused of killing a human.

В

It w a s interrupting a court meeting.

С

A man was accused of hurting the cow.

•

W h a t w e r e the French rats accused of?
A

entering restaurants

В

taking people's f o o d

С hunting cats
2

A c c o r d i n g to the man, w h y didn't the rats accept
their o r d e r to a p p e a r in court?

;

A

T h e y hadn't received it.

В

T h e y couldn't read it.

С T h e y ' d never accept an invitation from
humans.

:

3

i

4

I
ШВ,

•

Listen to Ryan's talk. Then answer the

j

W h y did he say the rats would never go to court?
A

N o one w o u l d understand them.

В

T h e y might not b e safe.

С

T h e y couldn't be friends with humans.

H o w did the other p e o p l e react to the man?
A

T h e y thought he was crazy.

В

T h e y laughed at him.

С T h e y couldn't argue against him.
5

W h a t h a p p e n e d to the rats?

questions.

:

A T h e y w e r e hunted and killed.

1

W h e n w e r e animals taken to court?

;

В T h e y w e r e f o u n d 'not guilty'.

2

In which parts of the w o r l d did this happen?

С

T h e y w e r e o r d e r e d to leave the village.

THiNK VALUES

Animal rights
1

Read the scenarios. Match them with statements 1-6. There are two statements for each scenario.

A bird in a cage can b e a great
Scenario A:

/

companion for a person w h o lives

W o r k on a huge multi-million-pound shopping centre has b e e n s t o p p e d

alone, so it's the right present.

because nests of an extremely rare frog have b e e n f o u n d in the area. It is

Creating places w h e r e p e o p l e

one of only five places w h e r e this frog b r e e d s . T h e p r o p e r t y d e v e l o p e r s

can relax is more important than

are putting pressure on the local government, saying it will be a disaster

w o r r y i n g about a f e w animals.

for the economy if they aren't allowed to finish the j o b .
Scenario B:

W e can't afford to lose any species
of animal.

/;

Places w h e r e e n d a n g e r e d animals
A n elderly lady lives on her o w n . S h e has family, but they all live far away.
A relative has suggested buying her a parrot for her 8 0 t h birthday. O t h e r
family members are against the idea of keeping an animal in a cage.
Scenario C:

have their natural habitat belong
to the animals, and not to people.
Spiders are ugly and disgusting,
and many p e o p l e are scared

/

of them. O f course they should
There is a hotel that's v e r y popular with tourists because it's close to a

b e killed.

beautiful forest. T h e forest is home to a species of large spider. Although
it s harmless, p e o p l e w o r k i n g in the hotel have b e e n given strict o r d e r s to
kill any spiders that get into the guest rooms.

Birds n e e d to fly, and they n e e d
space to be able to d o that. Cages
should be f o r b i d d e n .

2

ВЗДЗДд Which of

the statements 1-6 do you agree and disagree with? Why? Make notes of your

answers. Then compare your ideas in pairs or small groups.
23

www.frenglish.ru

READING
1

Work in pairs. Look at the pictures, the main title and the paragraph titles.
What information do you think each paragraph might contain?

2

Read the article and check your answers.

Family life
in 17th-century Britain
By the 17th century, life in Europe had started to become more comfortable
for those who had money. Trade had become more important, and the
number of people who could read and write was starting to grow. But while
the rich were enjoying good food, poetry and the theatre, life for the poor
hadn't changed much at all. Here are a few examples of what ordinary
family life was like in the olden days.

too. T a k i n g a b a t h w a s such
event that everybody smelled t
Childcare

A typical household

to leave h o m e w h e n they were as
y o u n g as seven years old t o w o r k as

shepherds or helpers o n farms. There
weren't m a n y elderly people in t h e
families because people died m u c h
younger t h a n they usually d o today.
F e w people expected t o live b e y o n d
4 0 . I n fact, children frequently g r e w
u p w i t h o u t parents at all.

W o m e n used t o have seven or eight
children, b u t o n e i n every three
children died before reaching o n e
year o f age. M a n y children h a d

A crowded life
O r d i n a r y people used t o live in o n e r o o m houses, t o g e t h e r w i t h chickens,
goats or even cows. O n l y richer
families h a d mattresses. O n cold
nights, everyone in t h e family w o u l d
crowd together t o sleep, t o w a r m
each o t h e r u p . Unfortunately, this
h a d a b a d effect o n people's health.
Lice infestations were very c o m m o n ,
and if o n e person suffered from a n
illness, everybody else w o u l d g e t it

Read the article again. Mark the sentences T (true) or F (false).
Correct the false sentences.
1

2

3

4

Life in the 17th century was difficult for e v e r y b o d y , no matter

SPEAKING
Work in pairs.
Discuss these questions.

C o m p a r e family life in t h e
17th century with family lifi

G r a n d p a r e n t s often used to live with the families a n d look

now. W h a t are the most stt

after the y o u n g children.

differences?

T h e r e wasn't a lot of space in most people's homes a n d

W h a t d o y o u think life will

they often shared it with their animals.

like 100 years from now? V

Children sometimes d i e d because their parents weren't

be easier? If so, how?

Parents these days s p e n d more time with their children
than they d i d in the olden days.

24

It's often easy t o fantasise
t h e past and t h i n k h o w w o n d (
simple life was compared t o a
pressure we face in our day-t
lives. B u t w a s it really so greal
m o s t people, it probably wasn't.

how much money they had.

v e r y c o n c e r n e d about their safety.
5

Life didn't allow people to
a lot of time w i t h their c h
Parents used to leave even very
children o n their o w n for m o s t
day. Records from that t i m e
m a n y stories of children w h
too close to t h e fire a n d burr
death. B u t even w h e n parents
w i t h their children, they d i d n

for t h e m in t h e ways we're u
parents d o i n g today. Children
often simply considered wc
Parents didn't use to sing soi
their children or play w i t h th<
used to b e n o r m a l t o call a ch
rather t h a n ' h e ' or 'she'.


www.frenglish.ru
HARD TIMES

GRAMMAR
w o u l d

V O C A B U L A R Y

u s e d

and

Time periods

t o

Complete these sentences from the article on
page 24. Then complete the rule with used to I

Look at phrases 1-9 and match them with categories
a - c . Compare your answers with the class.

didn't use to and

would(n't).

a

the present

1

Women

have seven or eight children.

b

the recent past

2

O n cold nights, e v e r y o n e in the family

с

a long, long time ago in history

crowd together to sleep, to warm each other up.
3

Parents

sing songs to their children or

It

J 2

|

play with them.
4

l__J 1

be normal to call a child 'it' rather than

[_

I4

'he' or 'she'.

j I

RULE: T o talk a b o u t habits a n d r e p e a t e d

*
•

We use

[~J

would(n't).
1

W e only use

_ with both action and stative verbs.
2

in the M i d d l e A g e s
in this day and age
these days

5

in the olden days

6

in the last century

[ 7

actions in the past, w e can use used to I didn't
use to or

3

from 1995 until 2 0 0 4

not so long ago

8

a d e c a d e ago

9

nowadays

with action verbs.

FUNCTIONS
2

(^ircjg) the correct words. Sometimes both

Talking a b o u t the past

options are possible.

Work in pairs. Choose a topic for your partner and a

1

W h e n I w a s a child, I would I used to play a lot

period in the past. Your partner makes a comparison

with my sister.

between the present and that time period. Take turns.

2

W e would I used to have a cat, T u b b y .

school | f o o d | technology

3

W e would I used to like her a lot and play with

games j home I travel

her all the time.
4

It's funny, but I would I used to think I'd never

штез in the YTiOs

learn to read.
5

W e would I used to share a b e d r o o m .

6

M y sister and I would I used to b e such g o o d

with teddy bears or dolls.

friends!

These days, many children

Well, children would play

have electronic games.
3

Complete the sentences and conversations
with the correct form of used to.
1

A

_ you

have a pet w h e n

you w e r e a child?
В

Yes, I

have a cat.

2

We
everywhere.

3

A

have a car. W e used to walk
you _

watch a lot of T V

w h e n y o u w e r e younger?
B

Yes, I _ _

watch it e v e r y day w h e n I

got home from school.
4

I_

5

A

like vegetables, but I love them now.
your d a d

read y o u

stories before y o u went to b e d ?
В
6

No, he didn't, but my mum

_ _

'
— — like having birthday parties. I was
a really shy child.