High Impact Data Visualization in Excel with Power View, 3D Maps, Get Transform and Power BI

High Impact Data
Visualization in Excel
with Power View,
3D Maps, Get &
Transform and
Power BI
Going from data to insight with Power BI
and Microsoft’s self-service BI tool set
—
Second Edition
—
Adam Aspin

www.allitebooks.com


High Impact Data
Visualization in Excel
with Power View, 3D
Maps, Get & Transform
and Power BI
Second Edition

Adam Aspin

www.allitebooks.com


High Impact Data Visualization in Excel with Power View, 3D Maps, Get & Transform and Power BI

Adam Aspin

Stafford
United Kingdom
ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-4842-2399-4
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4842-2400-7

ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4842-2400-7

Library of Congress Control Number: 2016959188
Copyright © 2016 by Adam Aspin
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For Hannah

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Contents at a Glance
About the Author .................................................................................................xxvii

Acknowledgments ................................................................................................xxix
Introduction ..........................................................................................................xxxi
■Chapter 1: Self-Service Business Intelligence with Excel 2016 ............................ 1
■Chapter 2: Power View and Tables ...................................................................... 17
■Chapter 3: Filtering Data in Power View ............................................................. 57
■Chapter 4: Charts in Power View ........................................................................ 87
■Chapter 5: Advanced Charting with Power View ............................................... 121
■Chapter 6: Interactive Data Selection in Power View ........................................ 143
■Chapter 7: Images and Presentation in Power View ......................................... 175
■Chapter 8: Mapping Data in Power View ........................................................... 205
■Chapter 9: 3D Maps ........................................................................................... 225
■ Chapter 10: Discovering and Loading Data with Get & Transform
in Excel 2016 ..................................................................................................... 279
■Chapter 11: Transforming Data Sets Using Get & Transform ............................. 321
■Chapter 12: Data Cleansing with Get & Transform ............................................ 349
■Chapter 13: Data Mashup with Get & Transform ............................................... 371
■Chapter 14: Extending the Excel Data Model Using Power Pivot....................... 411
■Chapter 15: Extending the Data Model with Calculated Columns ..................... 463

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■ CONTENTS AT A GLANCE

■Chapter 16: Adding Measures to the Data Model .............................................. 495
■Chapter 17: Analyzing Data over Time with DAX ............................................... 529
■Chapter 18: Self-Service Business Intelligence with PowerBI.com .................. 565
Index ..................................................................................................................... 591

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Contents
About the Author .................................................................................................xxvii
Acknowledgments ................................................................................................xxix
Introduction ..........................................................................................................xxxi
■Chapter 1: Self-Service Business Intelligence with Excel 2016 ............................ 1
The Excel BI Toolkit .......................................................................................................... 2
The Self-Service Business Intelligence Universe in Excel 2016 ............................................................. 2
Get and Transform .................................................................................................................................. 3
Power Pivot............................................................................................................................................. 3

Power View....................................................................................................................... 4
3D Maps.................................................................................................................................................. 5
The Power BI Service ............................................................................................................................. 5

Preparing the Excel BI Toolkit ........................................................................................... 5
Enabling the Excel BI Toolkit ................................................................................................................... 6
Power View ............................................................................................................................................. 8
Get and Transform ................................................................................................................................ 10
3D Maps................................................................................................................................................ 11

Corporate BI or Self-Service BI? .................................................................................... 11
The Excel Data Model ..................................................................................................... 12
How This Book Is Designed to Be Read .......................................................................... 13
Discovering Data .................................................................................................................................. 14

Creating a Data Model .......................................................................................................................... 14
Taking Data and Preparing It for Output ............................................................................................... 14
Delivering Geodata ............................................................................................................................... 14

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Taking Existing Excel BI and Sharing It................................................................................................. 14
Delivering Excel BI to Mobile Devices................................................................................................... 14
Learning the Product Suite Following a Real-World Path ..................................................................... 15

Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 15
■Chapter 2: Power View and Tables ...................................................................... 17
The Power View Experience ........................................................................................... 18
Adding a Power View Sheet to an Excel Workbook .............................................................................. 18
The Power View Interface ..................................................................................................................... 18
The Power View Ribbon ........................................................................................................................ 19
The Field List ........................................................................................................................................ 21
Using the Field List ............................................................................................................................... 21
Renaming or Deleting a Power View Report ......................................................................................... 23

Tables in Power View ..................................................................................................... 23
Adding a Table ...................................................................................................................................... 23
Deleting a Table .................................................................................................................................... 26
Changing the Table Size and Position ................................................................................................... 26
Changing Column Order........................................................................................................................ 27

Removing Columns from a Table .......................................................................................................... 27

Types of Data .................................................................................................................. 28
Data and Aggregations ................................................................................................... 29
Enhancing Tables ........................................................................................................... 30
The Design Ribbon................................................................................................................................ 30
Row Totals ............................................................................................................................................ 32
Formatting Columns of Numbers.......................................................................................................... 33
Default Formatting................................................................................................................................ 34
Changing Column Widths...................................................................................................................... 34
Font Sizes in Tables .............................................................................................................................. 36
Copying a Table..................................................................................................................................... 36
Sorting by Column ................................................................................................................................ 36

Table Granularity ............................................................................................................ 37

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Matrix Tables .................................................................................................................. 38
Row Matrix ........................................................................................................................................... 38
Column Matrix ...................................................................................................................................... 40
Sorting Data in Matrix Tables................................................................................................................ 43

Drilling Through with Matrix Tables ................................................................................ 44
Drilling Down ........................................................................................................................................ 45

Drilling Up ............................................................................................................................................. 46
Reapplying Matrix Visualization ............................................................................................................ 47
Drilling Through with Column Hierarchies ............................................................................................ 47

Card Visualizations ......................................................................................................... 49
Card Visualization Styles ...................................................................................................................... 52
Sorting Data in Card-View Tables ......................................................................................................... 53

Switching Between Table Types ..................................................................................... 53
Key Performance Indicators .......................................................................................... 54
Creating Power View Reports and Tables Without a Data Model .................................... 54
Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 55
■Chapter 3: Filtering Data in Power View ............................................................. 57
Filters ............................................................................................................................. 57
View Filters..................................................................................................................... 59
Adding Filters ....................................................................................................................................... 59
Using the (All) Filter .............................................................................................................................. 61
Clearing Filters ..................................................................................................................................... 61
Deleting Filters ..................................................................................................................................... 62
Expanding and Collapsing Filters ......................................................................................................... 62
Subsetting Large Filter Lists ................................................................................................................. 63

Filtering Different Data Types ......................................................................................... 66
Range Filter Mode ................................................................................................................................ 66
List Filter Mode ..................................................................................................................................... 68
Quickly Excluding Outliers .................................................................................................................... 69

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Date and Time Data ........................................................................................................ 69
Other Data Types ............................................................................................................ 71
Multiple Filters ............................................................................................................... 71
Advanced Filters ............................................................................................................. 71
Applying an Advanced Filter ................................................................................................................. 72
Clearing an Advanced Filter .................................................................................................................. 73
Advanced Wildcard Filters .................................................................................................................... 74
Numeric Filters ..................................................................................................................................... 75

Date and Time Filters ..................................................................................................... 76
Complex Filters .............................................................................................................. 78
Advanced Text Filter Options ................................................................................................................ 79
Advanced Numeric Filter Options ......................................................................................................... 79
Advanced Date Filter Options ............................................................................................................... 80

Visualization-Level Filters .............................................................................................. 80
Filter Hierarchy ............................................................................................................... 81
Filtering Tips ................................................................................................................... 83
Don’t Filter Too Soon............................................................................................................................. 83
Drill-Down and Filters ........................................................................................................................... 84
Annotate, Annotate, Annotate................................................................................................................ 85

Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 86
■Chapter 4: Charts in Power View ........................................................................ 87
A First Chart ................................................................................................................... 87
Deleting a Chart.............................................................................................................. 91

Basic Chart Modification ................................................................................................ 92
Basic Chart Types ........................................................................................................... 93
Column Charts ...................................................................................................................................... 93
Line Charts ........................................................................................................................................... 94
Pie Charts ............................................................................................................................................. 94
Essential Chart Adjustments ................................................................................................................. 96

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Resizing Charts .............................................................................................................. 96
Repositioning Charts ...................................................................................................... 97
Sorting Chart Elements .................................................................................................. 97
Font Size....................................................................................................................... 100
Applying Color to Bar and Column Charts .................................................................... 100
Multiple Data Values in Charts ..................................................................................... 101
The Layout Ribbon........................................................................................................ 105
Enhancing Charts ......................................................................................................... 106
Chart Legends .................................................................................................................................... 106
Chart Title ........................................................................................................................................... 107
Chart Data Labels ............................................................................................................................... 107

Drilling Down in Charts................................................................................................. 109
Popping Charts Out and In............................................................................................ 113
Chart Filters .................................................................................................................. 115
Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 119

■Chapter 5: Advanced Charting with Power View ............................................... 121
Multiple Charts ............................................................................................................. 121
Multiple Bar or Column Charts ........................................................................................................... 121
Specifying Vertical and Horizontal Selections .................................................................................... 123

Specifying the Layout of Multiple-Chart Visualizations ................................................ 124
Creating Horizontal Multiples ............................................................................................................. 124
Defining the Multiples Grid ................................................................................................................. 124
Multiple Line Charts............................................................................................................................ 126
Multiple Pie Charts ............................................................................................................................. 128
Drilling Down with Multiple Charts ..................................................................................................... 130

Scatter Charts .............................................................................................................. 131
Drilling Down with Scatter Charts ...................................................................................................... 132
Scatter Charts to Display Flattened Hierarchies ................................................................................. 133
Scatter Chart Multiples ....................................................................................................................... 134

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Bubble Charts ............................................................................................................... 135
Bubble Chart Data Labels and Legend ............................................................................................... 137
Multiple Bubble Elements ................................................................................................................... 138
Bubble Chart Multiples ....................................................................................................................... 139

Play Axis ....................................................................................................................... 140
Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 142
■Chapter 6: Interactive Data Selection in Power View ........................................ 143

Tiles .............................................................................................................................. 144
Creating a Tiled Visualization from Scratch ........................................................................................ 144
Adjusting Tile Display ......................................................................................................................... 145

Some Variations on Ways of Creating Tiled Visualizations ........................................... 146
Creating a Tiled Visualization from Scratch—Another Variant ........................................................... 146
Adding Tiles to an Existing Visualization............................................................................................. 146
Adding Tiles to an Existing Visualization—Another Variant ................................................................ 147
Modifying an Existing Visualization Inside a Tile Container ................................................................ 147

Re-creating a Visualization Using Existing Tiles ........................................................... 148
Removing Tiles from a Visualization ............................................................................. 149
Deleting a Tile Visualization .......................................................................................... 149
Tile Types...................................................................................................................... 150
Using Tiles .................................................................................................................... 151
Filtering Tiles ................................................................................................................ 151
Tiles with No Data ........................................................................................................ 152
Changing the Inner Visualization .................................................................................. 153
Tiles and Multiple Charts .............................................................................................. 154
Slicers .......................................................................................................................... 154
Adding a Slicer ................................................................................................................................... 155
Applying a Slicer ................................................................................................................................. 156

Clearing a Slicer ........................................................................................................... 157
Deleting a Slicer ........................................................................................................... 157
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■ CONTENTS

Modifying a Slicer ........................................................................................................ 158
Using Charts as Slicers ............................................................................................... 158
Highlighting Chart Data ................................................................................................ 160
Cross-Chart Highlighting .............................................................................................. 161
Highlighting Data in Bubble Charts .............................................................................. 163
Charts as Filters ........................................................................................................... 165
Column and Bar Charts as Filters ....................................................................................................... 167
Choosing the Correct Approach to Interactive Data Selection ............................................................ 171

Filter Granularity........................................................................................................... 171
Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 174
■Chapter 7: Images and Presentation in Power View ......................................... 175
Titles ............................................................................................................................. 175
Adding a Title ...................................................................................................................................... 176
Moving and Resizing Titles ................................................................................................................. 176
Formatting a Title ............................................................................................................................... 177

The Text Ribbon ............................................................................................................ 177
Adding Text Boxes to Annotate a Report ...................................................................... 178
The Context Menu ........................................................................................................ 179
Altering the Font Used in a Report ............................................................................... 181
Changing the Text Size ................................................................................................. 182
Altering the Theme of a Report .................................................................................... 182
Deciphering Themes..................................................................................................... 185
Applying a Report Background ..................................................................................... 186
Images.......................................................................................................................... 189
Image Sources ............................................................................................................. 189
Background Images ..................................................................................................... 190
Adding a Background Image .............................................................................................................. 190
Fitting a Background Image ............................................................................................................... 191

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■ CONTENTS

Removing a Background Image .......................................................................................................... 192
Setting an Image’s Transparency........................................................................................................ 193

Images in Tables........................................................................................................... 194
Images in Slicers .......................................................................................................... 195
Images in Tiles ............................................................................................................. 196
Independent Images ..................................................................................................... 197
Layering Visualizations ................................................................................................. 199
Some Uses for Independent Images ............................................................................ 200
Image File Format ........................................................................................................ 202
Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 203
■Chapter 8: Mapping Data in Power View ........................................................... 205
Bing Maps .................................................................................................................... 205
Maps in Power View ..................................................................................................... 206
Adjusting Map Display in Power View .......................................................................... 208
Positioning the Map Elements ............................................................................................................ 208
Zooming In or Out ............................................................................................................................... 209
Removing or Adding a Map Title ......................................................................................................... 209
Modifying the Map Background.......................................................................................................... 209

Filtering Map Data ........................................................................................................ 211
Multivalue Series .......................................................................................................... 212
Highlighting Map Data .................................................................................................. 214
Adjusting a Legend....................................................................................................... 216

Adding Tiles to Maps .................................................................................................... 217
Multiple Maps............................................................................................................... 218
Multiple Maps by Region .............................................................................................. 219
Drilling Down in Maps .................................................................................................. 221
Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 223

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■Chapter 9: 3D Maps ........................................................................................... 225
Bing Maps .................................................................................................................... 225
Running 3D Maps ......................................................................................................... 226
The 3D Maps Window ................................................................................................... 227
The 3D Maps Ribbon .................................................................................................... 228
Region Maps ................................................................................................................ 230
3D Maps Source Data ................................................................................................... 232
Refreshing Data .................................................................................................................................. 232
Geographical Data Types .................................................................................................................... 232

Using the Layer Pane ................................................................................................... 233
Showing and Hiding the Layer Pane ................................................................................................... 233
Layer Pane Elements .......................................................................................................................... 234

The Data Area ............................................................................................................... 234
Data Operations............................................................................................................ 235
Adding a Field ..................................................................................................................................... 236
Removing a Field ................................................................................................................................ 236

Moving Around in 3D Maps .......................................................................................... 236
Moving Around a Map ......................................................................................................................... 237
Zooming In or Out ............................................................................................................................... 237
Flat Map and 3D Globe ....................................................................................................................... 238
Adjusting the Pitch ............................................................................................................................. 238
Going to a Specific Location ............................................................................................................... 238

3D Maps Aggregations ................................................................................................. 239
Map Types .................................................................................................................... 239
The Various Map Types, by Example............................................................................. 240
Bubble Maps ....................................................................................................................................... 240
Column Maps ...................................................................................................................................... 244
Heat Maps .......................................................................................................................................... 247
Region Maps ....................................................................................................................................... 248

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Presentation Options .................................................................................................... 250
The Settings View ............................................................................................................................... 250
Applying Specific Colors to Data Elements ......................................................................................... 254

3D Maps Themes .......................................................................................................... 255
Text Boxes .................................................................................................................... 256
Customizing the Data Card ........................................................................................... 257
Timelines ...................................................................................................................... 259
Adding a Timeline ............................................................................................................................... 259
Using a Timeline ................................................................................................................................. 261

Using Layers ................................................................................................................. 265
2D Charts ............................................................................................................................................ 268
2D Chart Types .................................................................................................................................... 269

3D Maps Tours .............................................................................................................. 269
Creating 3D Maps Tours...................................................................................................................... 270
Deleting a 3D Maps Tour ..................................................................................................................... 271
Existing 3D Maps Tours in Excel ......................................................................................................... 272

3D Maps Movies ........................................................................................................... 272
Scene Transitions ............................................................................................................................... 274
Managing Scenes ............................................................................................................................... 274
Exporting a Movie ............................................................................................................................... 275

Custom Regions ........................................................................................................... 277
Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 277
■ Chapter 10: Discovering and Loading Data with Get & Transform
in Excel 2016 ..................................................................................................... 279
Data Sources ................................................................................................................ 280
File Sources ........................................................................................................................................ 281
Databases ........................................................................................................................................... 281
Other Sources .................................................................................................................................... 283

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Loading Data ................................................................................................................ 285

Web Pages .......................................................................................................................................... 285
CSV Files ............................................................................................................................................. 289
Understanding CSV Files .................................................................................................................... 292
Text Files............................................................................................................................................. 292
XML Files ............................................................................................................................................ 293
Excel ................................................................................................................................................... 295
Adding Data from Excel Tables inside the Current Workbook ............................................................. 296
Microsoft Access Databases............................................................................................................... 297

Relational Databases: SQL Server ................................................................................ 298
Automatically Loading Related Tables ................................................................................................ 301
Database Options ............................................................................................................................... 301

Editing Existing Queries ............................................................................................... 308
Microsoft SQL Server Analysis Services Data Sources ................................................ 308
Add Items ........................................................................................................................................... 311
Collapse Columns ............................................................................................................................... 313

Microsoft SQL Server Analysis Services Tabular Data Sources .................................... 313
Other Data Sources ...................................................................................................... 313
Reusing Recent Data Sources ...................................................................................... 313
Reusing a Data Source ....................................................................................................................... 314
Pinning a Data Source ........................................................................................................................ 315
Old Data .............................................................................................................................................. 315

Connection Security ..................................................................................................... 315
Modifying Data Sources ............................................................................................... 318
Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 319
■Chapter 11: Transforming Data Sets Using Get & Transform ............................. 321
Get & Transform Queries .............................................................................................. 322

Editing Data After a Data Load............................................................................................................ 322
Transforming Data Before Loading ..................................................................................................... 324

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Query or Load? ............................................................................................................. 324
The Get & Transform Query Editor ............................................................................... 325
The Applied Steps List ........................................................................................................................ 326
The Get & Transform Query Editor Ribbons ........................................................................................ 327

Data Set Shaping.......................................................................................................... 332
Renaming Columns............................................................................................................................. 332
Reordering Columns ........................................................................................................................... 333
Removing Columns ............................................................................................................................. 334
Merging Columns ............................................................................................................................... 334
Removing Records.............................................................................................................................. 336
Removing Duplicate Records.............................................................................................................. 339
Sorting Data ........................................................................................................................................ 340
Reversing the Row Order .................................................................................................................... 341

Filtering Data ................................................................................................................ 342
Selecting Specific Values.................................................................................................................... 342
Finding Elements in the Filter List ...................................................................................................... 343
Filtering Text Ranges .......................................................................................................................... 344
Filtering Numeric Ranges ................................................................................................................... 344
Filtering Date and Time Ranges.......................................................................................................... 344
Filtering Data ...................................................................................................................................... 345

Counting the Rows in a Data Set .................................................................................. 346
Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 347
■Chapter 12: Data Cleansing with Get & Transform ............................................ 349
Viewing a Full Record................................................................................................... 349
Get & Transform Query Editor Context Menus .............................................................. 350
Changing Data Type ...................................................................................................... 351
Detecting Data Types .................................................................................................... 353
Replacing Values .......................................................................................................... 353

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Transforming Column Contents .................................................................................... 355
Text Transformation ............................................................................................................................ 355
Removing Leading and Trailing Spaces .............................................................................................. 357
Number Transformations .................................................................................................................... 357
Calculating Numbers .......................................................................................................................... 358
Date Transformations ......................................................................................................................... 360
Time Transformations ......................................................................................................................... 362
Duration .............................................................................................................................................. 362

Filling Down.................................................................................................................. 363
Using the First Row As Headers ................................................................................... 366
Grouping Records ......................................................................................................... 366
Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 369
■Chapter 13: Data Mashup with Get & Transform ............................................... 371
The Get & Transform View Ribbon ................................................................................ 371

Extending Data ............................................................................................................. 372
Duplicating Columns .................................................................................................... 373
Splitting Columns ......................................................................................................... 373
Splitting Column by a Delimiter .......................................................................................................... 374
Splitting Columns by Number of Characters....................................................................................... 376

Merging Columns ......................................................................................................... 376
Custom Columns .......................................................................................................... 377
Index Columns .............................................................................................................. 379
Merging Data ................................................................................................................ 381
Adding Data ........................................................................................................................................ 381
Aggregating Data During a Merge Operation...................................................................................... 384
Types of Join....................................................................................................................................... 388
Joining on Multiple Columns .............................................................................................................. 389
Preparing Data Sets for Joins ............................................................................................................. 390
Correct and Incorrect Joins ................................................................................................................ 391

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Examining Joined Data ....................................................................................................................... 391
The Expand and Aggregate Buttons ................................................................................................... 393

Appending Data ............................................................................................................ 394
Adding the Contents of One Query to Another .................................................................................... 394
Adding Multiple Files from a Source Folder ....................................................................................... 395

Changing the Data Structure ........................................................................................ 397

Unpivoting Tables................................................................................................................................ 398
Pivoting Tables .................................................................................................................................... 399
Transposing Rows and Columns ......................................................................................................... 401

Managing the Transformation Process ......................................................................... 401
Modifying a Step................................................................................................................................. 402
Renaming a Step ................................................................................................................................ 402
Deleting a Step or a Series of Steps ................................................................................................... 402
Adding a Step ..................................................................................................................................... 403
Altering Process Step Sequencing ..................................................................................................... 403
An Approach to Sequencing ............................................................................................................... 404
Error Records...................................................................................................................................... 404
Removing Errors ................................................................................................................................. 404
Duplicating Part of a Query................................................................................................................. 405

Managing Queries ........................................................................................................ 405
Organizing Queries ............................................................................................................................. 406
Grouping Queries ................................................................................................................................ 406
Duplicating Queries ............................................................................................................................ 408
Referencing Queries ........................................................................................................................... 408
Add a Column As a New Query ........................................................................................................... 408

Pending Changes ......................................................................................................... 409
Copying Data from Get & Transform ............................................................................. 409
Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 410

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■Chapter 14: Extending the Excel Data Model Using Power Pivot....................... 411
Power Pivot .................................................................................................................. 412
Launching Power Pivot ....................................................................................................................... 412
The Power Pivot Window .................................................................................................................... 413

Data Model or Query?................................................................................................... 414
The Power Pivot Ribbons.............................................................................................. 414
The Home Ribbon ............................................................................................................................... 414
The Design Ribbon.............................................................................................................................. 416
The Advanced Ribbon ......................................................................................................................... 417

Managing Power Pivot Data ......................................................................................... 418
Manipulating Tables ............................................................................................................................ 419
Manipulating Columns ........................................................................................................................ 419

Power Pivot Data Types ................................................................................................ 422
Formatting Power Pivot Data .............................................................................................................. 422
Currency Formats ............................................................................................................................... 423

Preparing Data for Analysis .......................................................................................... 424
Categorize Data .................................................................................................................................. 425
Apply a Default Summarization .......................................................................................................... 426
Define Sort by Columns ...................................................................................................................... 427

Sorting Data in Power Pivot Tables .............................................................................. 428
Designing a Data Model ............................................................................................... 429
Data View and Diagram View.............................................................................................................. 430
Creating Relationships........................................................................................................................ 433
Creating Relationships Manually ........................................................................................................ 434

Creating Relationships Automatically ................................................................................................. 435
Deleting Relationships ........................................................................................................................ 436
Managing Relationships ..................................................................................................................... 436

Preparing the Data Model............................................................................................. 439
Default Field Set ........................................................................................................... 440

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Defining Table Behavior ................................................................................................ 442
Row Identifier ..................................................................................................................................... 442
Keep Unique Rows.............................................................................................................................. 444
Default Label ...................................................................................................................................... 444
Set a Default Aggregation (Summarize By) ........................................................................................ 445

Preparing Images for Power View ................................................................................ 447
Image URLs .................................................................................................................. 447
Default Image ............................................................................................................... 448
Preparing Hyperlinks for Power View ........................................................................... 448
Creating Hierarchies ..................................................................................................... 448
Modifying Hierarchies .................................................................................................. 450
Adding a Level to a Hierarchy ............................................................................................................. 450
Removing a Level from a Hierarchy .................................................................................................... 450
Altering the Levels in a Hierarchy ....................................................................................................... 451
Deleting a Hierarchy ........................................................................................................................... 451
Hiding the Original Field ..................................................................................................................... 451

Key Performance Indicators ........................................................................................ 451
Creating a KPI ..................................................................................................................................... 452
KPI Options ......................................................................................................................................... 453
KPI Descriptions ................................................................................................................................. 454
Calculated KPI Targets ........................................................................................................................ 456
Modifying a KPI ................................................................................................................................... 456
Deleting a KPI ..................................................................................................................................... 456

Perspectives ................................................................................................................. 457
Creating a Perspective........................................................................................................................ 457
Applying a Perspective ....................................................................................................................... 458

Optimizing File Size ...................................................................................................... 459
Copying Data from Power Pivot ................................................................................... 460
Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 461

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■Chapter 15: Extending the Data Model with Calculated Columns ..................... 463
Types of Calculations.................................................................................................... 464
New Columns ............................................................................................................... 464
Naming Columns .......................................................................................................... 465
Concatenating Column Contents .................................................................................. 466
Tweaking Text ............................................................................................................... 468
Simple Calculations ..................................................................................................... 470
Math Operators ................................................................................................................................... 471
Rounding Values ................................................................................................................................. 472

Calculating Across Tables ............................................................................................. 473
Choosing the Correct Table for Linked Calculations ..................................................... 474
Cascading Column Calculations ................................................................................... 475
Refreshing Data............................................................................................................ 475
Using Functions in New Columns ................................................................................. 476
Safe Division ....................................................................................................................................... 476
Counting Reference Elements ............................................................................................................ 478
Statistical Functions ........................................................................................................................... 479
Applying a Specific Format to a Calculation ....................................................................................... 480

Correcting and Removing Errors .................................................................................. 483
Simple Logic: The IF() Function .................................................................................... 483
Exception Indicators ........................................................................................................................... 483
Creating Alerts .................................................................................................................................... 484
Comparison Operators ........................................................................................................................ 485
Flagging Data ..................................................................................................................................... 485
Nested IF() Functions .......................................................................................................................... 486
Creating Custom Groups Using Multiple Nested IF() Statements ....................................................... 488
Multiline Formulas .............................................................................................................................. 489

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■ CONTENTS

Complex Logic .................................................................................................................................... 489
Formatting Logical Results ................................................................................................................. 493

Making Good Use of the Formula Bar........................................................................... 494

Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 494
■Chapter 16: Adding Measures to the Data Model .............................................. 495
Introducing Measures .................................................................................................. 495
A First Measure: Number of Cars Sold................................................................................................ 495
Basic Aggregations in Measures ........................................................................................................ 498
Using Multiple Measures .................................................................................................................... 500
Cross-Table Measures ........................................................................................................................ 503
More Advanced Aggregations ............................................................................................................. 505

Filter Context ................................................................................................................ 508
Row Context ....................................................................................................................................... 508
Query Context ..................................................................................................................................... 508
Filter Context ...................................................................................................................................... 509

Filtering Data in Measures ........................................................................................... 509
Simple Filters ............................................................................................................... 509
Text Filters .......................................................................................................................................... 509
Numeric Filters ................................................................................................................................... 511

More Complex Filters ................................................................................................... 512
Multiple Criteria in Filters ................................................................................................................... 513
Using Multiple Filters .......................................................................................................................... 514

Calculating Percentages of Totals ................................................................................ 515
A Simple Percentage .......................................................................................................................... 515
Removing Multiple Filter Elements ..................................................................................................... 517
Visual Totals ........................................................................................................................................ 518
The ALLEXCEPT() Function .................................................................................................................. 519

Filtering on Measures................................................................................................... 521

Displaying Rank............................................................................................................ 522
A Few Comments and Notes on Using Measures......................................................... 524
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■ CONTENTS

Managing Measures ..................................................................................................... 524
Formatting Measures ................................................................................................... 525
Formatting Measures ......................................................................................................................... 525
Hiding Measures ................................................................................................................................. 526

Calculation Options ...................................................................................................... 527
Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 527
■Chapter 17: Analyzing Data over Time with DAX ............................................... 529
Simple Date Calculations ............................................................................................. 529
Date and Time Formatting .................................................................................................................. 532
Calculating the Age of Cars Sold ........................................................................................................ 535
Calculating the Difference Between Two Dates .................................................................................. 535

Adding Time Intelligence to a Data Model .................................................................... 538
Creating and Applying a Date Table .............................................................................. 538
Creating a Date Table in Excel ...................................................................................... 539
Marking a Table as a Date Table ......................................................................................................... 541

Creating the Date Table in Power Pivot ........................................................................ 542
Adding Sort By Columns to the Date Table ......................................................................................... 546
Date Table Techniques ........................................................................................................................ 546
Adding the Date Table to the Data Model ........................................................................................... 547

Applying Time Intelligence ........................................................................................... 548
YearToDate, QuarterToDate, and MonthToDate Calculations ............................................................... 549
Analyze Data As a Ratio over Time ..................................................................................................... 551
Comparing a Metric with the Result from a Range of Dates .............................................................. 553

Comparisons with Previous Time Periods ................................................................... 556
Comparison with a Parallel Period in Time................................................................... 558
Comparing Data from Previous Years ................................................................................................. 558
Comparing with the Same Date Period from a Different Quarter, Month, or Year ............................... 560

Rolling Aggregations over a Period of Time.................................................................. 562
Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 564

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