CflNH GI^C y(n NHCTNG QIQNQ DI$a
XCIYiN T0C CHd NGHifl
N^C
-
ilNIN
vfi Ttf TcrdNG n6
CH(
MINH
GS TRAN NHAM
K
e tft khi ra ddi, Dftig ta da khing
dinh di theo ehu nghla Mac - Lenin,
va sau nay bd sung tu tudng Hd Chi Minh
thanh mdt chinh the la chu nghia Mdc -
Lenin vd tu tudng Ho Chi Minh, va xac
dinh day la nen tang tu tudng va kim ehi
nam hftih ddng cua Dang va each mang.
Chu nghia Mac - Lenin la hgc thuyet "md"
chi ra muc tieu, con dudng, budc di, phuong
phap each mang khdng chi trong cudc each
mang dan tdc dan chft nhan dan ma ca
trong cdng cudc doi mdi
xay dimg
chu
nghla xa hdi nfta. Thing lpi cua each mang
Viet Nam tft tmdc den nay va tft nay ve sau
deu bit ngudn tft eo sd tu tudng ly luan chft
nghla Mac -
L^nin,
tu tudng Ho
Chi
Minh.
Khang djnh la'y chft nghia Mac - Lenin, tu
tudng Hd Chi Minh lam nin tang tu tudng,
kim chi nam cho hanh ddng la budc phft
trien quan trpng trong nhan thftc va tu duy
ly luan efta Dftig ta.
Cd tinh lam ngo hien thuc ljch sft, trong
thdi gian qua, xua't hien mdt lan sdng mdi
vdi nhiing gipng
di6u
nham tai xuyen tac
nen tang tu tudng
efta
Dang ta, xuyen tac
mdi quan
h6
gifta chu nghia Mac - Lenin va
tu tudng Hd Chi
Muih.
1-
Hp cham biem va
mi6t
thi mdt each
gay git ring "cft ggi la chu nghla Mac -
Lenin dd tren thuc te da khdng cdn la kim
chi nam cho hftih ddng eua chung ta nfta".
Tft chd ha thip vai trd chu nghla Mac -
Lenin bang
each
thay vao dd la ly
ludn
Mdc
de'n chd thay chii nghia Lenin bing cum tft
CO
su
ddng
gdp
ciia
Lenin, de rdi cudi cftng
hg khing dinh ring khdng cd cft ggi la
"chft nghia Mac - Lenin", vi chu nghia a'y
da "ma't tinh tft yeu, mft quyin ton tai, mft
tinh hgp ly" rdi. Su mo hd, lin ldn d day
chinh la hg la'y thuat nguy bien thay cho
phep bien chiing. Hp nhap nhang, lin ldn
gifta su gidng nhau be ngoai cua khft niem
khung hodng ve nhdn thdc ly ludn vdi khft
niem
khiing
hodng ve hpc thuyet, ma khdng
tha'y ndi ham, ban cha't cua hai khft niem
ay cd su khac nhau.
2-
Hg cho ring tft lau
nay.
Dang ta da bj
chu nghla Mac - Lenin "trdi chan trdi tay",
ludng vudng vdi viec trung thftih hay
khdng trung thanh vdi ehu nghla dd, khdng
LY
LUAN
CHiNH
TR! 5 - 2010
63
dam nhin thing vao su that, vugt
len
chinh
minh de gat bd mpi trd ngai, thao tung su
trdi budc cua cai gpi la "chu nghla Mac -
Lenin". Nhu vay, cai ma hp dinh cdi bd,
thao tung su trdi chan trdi tay dd khdng
phai la nhftng nhan thftc giao dieu,
rap
khudn, sai lech ve chft nghla Mac - Lenin
ma chinh la ban than hpc thuyet Mdc cd su
ddng gdp cua Lenin. Vi theo hp thi hpc
thuyet a'y la
efta
the ky thft XIX, de'n nay
budc vao the ky XXI da ldi thdi rdi. Tuy
nhien, hp cd vdt vat ma ndi ring cd nhiing
diem, nhihig phan cdn cd the dftng dugc
cho cudc sd'ng hdm nay, may ra chi cdn lai
la phuong phap bien chiing.
Nhan manh phuong phap bien chftng
duy vat khdng cd nghia la tft dd cho ring
trong chft nghla Mac - Lenin, cai cdn cd gia
tri cd thi dftng dugc chi la phuong phap,
cdn ly luan, hpc thuyet thi ta't ca da ldi thdi,
nhu hp da ndi bfta. That ra, ne'u hiiu dftng
ban chat cua va'n de thi trong chft nghla
Mac - Lenin, phuong phap va ly luan bao
gid cftng thdng nha't vdi nhau, gin ke't chft
che khdng tach rdi. Bdi khdng the nao
nghien cftu va van dung sang tao ly luan,
hpc thuyet Mac - Lenin ma lft khdng nim
vung phep bien chiing efta nd. Phuong phap
the hien va xuyen sudt trong hpc thuyet, la
linh hdn sd'ng efta ly luan, cdn ly luan la san
pham ta't ye'u
efta
su van dung phuong phap
vao thuc tiin. Chft nghla Mac - Lenin vd'n
la hpc thuyet md, khdng
ngihig
phft trien
chinh la d su thdng nha't bien chftng, su gin
bd
hihi
CO gifta phuang phap va ly luan.
Chinh vi the nd mdi ximg dang gift vai trd
nen tang, kim chi nam cho hanh ddng
efta
cac dang epng san.
Viit
bd ly luan, gift lai
phuang phap la dieu khdng the! Thue chat
la ho mud'n bd di ta't ca.
Hp am chi Dftig ta "cau
ne
va nd le vdi
qua khft", khdng dam tu
viit
bd su trdi budc
vd ly eua cai gpi la "su trung thanh vdi chu
nghia Mac - Lenin", va ho len an
chuih
"su
trung thanh" dd cua Dang ta da can trd sftc
sd'ng cua dan tdc, va se phai "tra gia tmdc
ljch sft".
Cdn
phai nhan manh ring su trung
thanh vdi chft nghia Mac - Lenin cua Dang
ta khdng phft dugc
xay
dung tren y mud'n
chft quan ma dugc xac lap tren mdt co sd
khach quan vdi chiiu dai lich sft phft trien
cua Dang. Tft khi chu nghia Mac - Lenin
tham nhap vao Viet Nam do Nguyin Ai
Qud'c - Hd Chi Minh truyen ba rdng rft, thi
mdi cd budc ngoat can ban
efta each
mang
Viet Nam. Ke tft dd, chft nghia Mac - Lenin
khdng ngihig phft trien bin vftng cftng vdi
tofti bd tie'n trinh di len efta each mang Viet
Nam. O day, ban cha't each mang va khoa
hpc cua chft nghla Mac - Lenin dugc van
dung mdt each sang tao, phft trien mdt each
diy du tren
mftih
da't Viet Nam. Nhd
dd.
Dang ta de ra dugc dudng ldi chien luge,
sach luge va phuong phap
each
mang dung
din, dua each mang nudc ta di tft thing lpi
nay den thftig lpi khac, nhihig thing lpi cd y
nghia ljch sft to ldn cua su nghiep gift phdng
dan tdc, thdng nha't Td qud'c, cua cdng cudc
tim dudng, khai pha dau tien chua cd tiin le
trong lich sft, de dua mdt da't nudc kem phft
trien di len chu nghia xa hdi bd qua che' dd
tu ban chu nghla.
80 nam qua, nhung ngudi cdng san va
cac tang ldp nhan dan Viet Nam da the
nghiem sau sic kinh nghiem chinh tri ban
than va tu y thftc rd chft nghia Mac - Lenin
la kim
chi
nam cho hanh ddng
each
mang
cua minh, do dd ludn bieu thj long thanh
kinh, su trung thanh vd ban va thai dd ludn
64 LY LUAN CHiNH TR! 5-2010
luon tran trpng tu day long minh ddi vdi
chu nghla Mac - Lenin, ra sftc hpc tap,
nghien cftu, van dung va phat trien
chii
nghia Mac - Lenin vao boat dpng thuc tien;
ludn xac dinh niem tin vftng chic cd can cft
khoa hpc vao mpt hpc thuyet da trd thanh
nin tang tu tudng ciia Dang, cua each mang
^^iet
Nam. Cho nen, trung thanh hay khdng
trung thanh vdi chu nghTa Mac - Lenin
khdng phai chi do tu minh mud'n ma dugc,
suy cho cftng, dd la ta't yeu ljch sft,
la
ddi
hdi cua hien thuc khach quan.
Cdn mdt su that ljch sft nfta ve bai hpc
khdng trung thdnh vdi
chii
nghia Mdc -
Lenin cua ekip Godcbachdp da dan
Lien
Xd
de'n su sup do va tan ra vao nam
1991,
budc
hp phai tra gia tmdc lich sft. O day, su tra
gia
la
do khdng trung thanh vdi chii nghla
Mac
- Lenin. Hay ngugc ddng lich su 20
nam tmdc day d Lien Xd. Trong qua trinh
cai td, ekip Godcbachdp vien cd chd'ng
giao
dieu hda chu nghia Mac - Lenin de phu
nhan va
bae
bd ta't ca nhirng nguyen Iy co
ban
efta
chft nghia Mae - Lenin, da lam cho
Dang Cdng san Lien Xd mat di cai nen
tang, kim chi nam cho hanh ddng, khdng
cdn he tu tudng chi dao cua Dang, din de'n
chd tan ra vi mat tu tudng - chinh tri. Cdn
ke thu thi
Igi
dung co may hiem cd de tien
cdng vao chu nghla Mac - Lenin va ra sftc
chd'ng dang cdng san, chdng chu ngbia xa
hdi,
tao thuan
Igi
cho
sit
tham nhap tu tudng
tu san vao y thftc xa hdi va bgn co hdi.
Nguyen tic co ban cua chft nghla Mac -
Lenin la nguyen tic tap trung dan chu da bi
hp xda bd. Tft dd, chu truong dan
chii
hda
khdng cd gidi ban da md dudng cho chu
nghla vd chinh
phii,
cho
sir
hdn loan trong
xa hdi phat trien he't cS. Viec cha'p nhan va
thuc thi da nguyen chinh tri, da dang ddi
lap da md dudng cho viec hinh thanh cac td
chftc du mau sic chinh trj khac nhau chdng
lai dang cdng san. Ndi bd dang chia re,
phan hda thanh nhieu phe nhdm. Chinh vi
tft bd nguyen tic tap trung dan chu ma su
thdng nhat trong Dang bj pha vd, keo theo
su tan vd khdi thdng
nhaft tfonjg
x5
h^i.
On
cac luc lugng chd'ng Dang, chd'ng chu nghia
xa hdi
Igi
dung co hdi
eudp
lay chinh quyin
tft tay Dang, loai Dang ra khdi vft dai chinh
trj va dua xa hdi di theo quy dao cua chu
nghla tu ban.
Vay thi d day, su tra gia trudc Hch sft la
do trung thanh hay khdng trung thanh vdi
chu nghia Mac - Lenin? Cau tra ldi da qua
rd rang: su phan bdi chu nghla Mac - Lenin
cua ekip Godcbachdp da phai tra mdt cai
gia qua dit trudc ljch sft. Bai hgc chua rao
muc,
ta't ca hay cdn nguyen ven. Chang le
cai gia ma nhftng ngudi cdng san Lien Xd
phai tra trudc lich sft chua
dii
de
riit
ra bai
hpc lich sft hay sao?
3-
Cudi cftng hp kien nghi "lay tu tudng
Ho Chi Minh ldm nen tdng tu tudng
ciia
Ddng de tao
nen
mdt su ddng thudn xd hdi
rdng ldn". Hp cho ring ne'u "khdng biet
khai thae thuan
Igi
vd song dd de di den
nhung dot pha trong ddi mdi tu duy vi
Dang thi Dang se tu danh mat thdi co va
cd tdi vdi Hch sft". Luan cft ma hp dinh lay
tu tudng Hd Chi Minh thay the' chu nghia
Mac - Lenin la "trong tu tudng Ho CM
Minh hdm
chica
nhung phdn tinh tdy nhdt
cua hpc thuyet khoa hpc vd cdch mgng cua
Mdc". O day hg nhap nhang "danh lan con
den" gifta hpc thuyet Mac va tu tudng Hd
Chi Minh, ring tu tudng Hd Chi Minh da
bao quat het ca tinh hoa nha't cua chu nghia
LY
LUAN
CHiNH TRI 5-2010
65
Mac,
thi ehi can lay tu tudng Ho Chi Minh
lam nen tang tu tudng cua Dang la du, ha
ta't phft gift lft hpc thuyet Mdc cd phdn
ddng gdp cua Lenin lam gi? Hp an ui nhiing
ai cdn nang long vdi chu nghia Mac -
Lenin, ring dft chu nghia a'y da "mat tinh
ta't ye'u, mat quyin tdn tai, mat tinh hgp ly"
di nfta, vin se tim thay nhimg phan tinh tfty
eua hgc thuyet Mac cdn sd'ng trong tu
tudng Hd Chi Minh.
'
Dang ta da timg khang dinh ring chft
nghla Mac - Lenin la mdt trong nhirng
ngudn gd'c quan trpng nha't
sfti
sinh ra tu
tudng Hd
Chi
Minh, la cft cd't ldi nhat dem
lft cho tu tudng a'y tinh each mang va tinh
khoa hpc. Thing lpi cua
each
mang Viet
Nam tft tmdc den nay diu xua't phft tmdc
he't tft ngudn gd'c ly luan Mac - Lenin. Chinh
tren y nghla iy, dft bat cft tinh hinh nao,
khdng the la'y tu tudng Hd Chi Minh thay
the'
cho chft nghia Mac - Lenin, bdi vi chu
nghia Mac - Lenin la mdt hgc thuyet cd he
thdng, hpc thuyet "khung" bin virng, nang
dpng, khdng ngftng dugc bo sung, phat trien.
Ban than tu tudng Hd Chi Minh nim trong
he tu tudng cua chu nghia Mac - Lenin, sang
tao va phft trien tren co sd chu yeu nha't la
chu nghia Mac - Lenin. Do dd, trong nen
tang tu tudng efta Dftig ta, chft nghla Mac -
Lenin va tu tudng Hd Chi Minh la mdt the
thdng nhft, khdng dugc ddi lap va khdng the
tach rdi chftng vdi nhau, vi lam nhu vay tftc
la phft nhan mdi lien he ndi tft ca ve Idgich
va lich sft cua chft nghla Mac - Lenin va tu
tudng Hd Chi Minh.
Chinh tren y nghia ay, ye'u to lam nen
tang tu tudng, kim ehi nam cho hftih ddng
cua Dftig ta la bao gom ea chu nghla Mac -
Lenin va tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, chft khdng
chi cd rieng mdt yeu td nao. La'y tu mdng Hd
Chi
Muih
thay the chu nghla Mac - Lenin
thuc chft la ha thip tu mdng Ho
Chi
Mmh.
Ddi lap va tach rdi m tudng Hd
Chi Muih
ra
khdi chft nghla Mac - Lenin thi khdng cdn
W
mdng Hd
Chi Muih
nfta. Neu chi cd dua vao
truyen thdng van hda tdt dep cua dan tdc va
nhimg
tuih
hoa tu tudng cua nhan loai ma gat
bd chft nghla Mac - Lemn ra khdi ngudn gd'c
san sinh ra nd, thi cd cdn la thuc chat tu
tudng Hd Chi Minh hay khdng?
Lay tu tudng Hd Chi Minh thay the' chu
nghia Mac - Lenin se lam cho nin tang tu
tudng eua Dang mft co sd tdn tai. That ra,
day chi la su cdp nhat nhiing quan diem
quen thude cua cac trao luu chd'ng chu
nghla Mac - Lenin dugc day len ram rd sau
su sup dd va tan ra cua Lien Xd va Ddng
Au xa hdi chu nghia vao dau thap ky 90 cua
the'
ky trudc ma thdi. Cdn van de "tu minh
danh mat thdi co" la thdi co nao va "cd tdi
vdi ljch sft" la tdi gi? Phai chang Dang
khdng chip nhan de nghi cua hp thi cd
nghla la hp da danh mat thdi co "xda bd"
chft nghia Mac - Lenin mdt
each
cdng khai
va triet de? Hp mud'n tao ra "thdi co",
nhung trong dat nudc Viet Nam nay hp lam
gi cd kha nang va dieu kien tao dugc thdi
CO
dd. Ddi lap va tach rdi chu nghla Mac -
Lenin va tu tudng Hd Chi Minh chinh la hg
ed tdi vdi ljch sft khi cac the' he ngudi Viet
Nam chftng ta mdt
Idng
mdt da trung thanh
vd ban vdi he tu tudng dd. De cao tu tudng
Hd
Chi
Minh de rdi xda bd ehu nghia Mac -
Lenin cftng la cd tdi ldn ddi vdi ban than tu
tudng Ho Chi Minh, bdi vi hp da danh mft
quyen tdn tai cua nd vdi tu each mdt he tu
tudng each mang va khoa hgc, danh mft
nhftng phin tinh tuy nhft cua hgc thuyet
Mac - Lenin trong tu tudng Hd Chi Minh.
66
LY
LUAN
CHiNH
TR!
5-2010