Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Công nghệ thông tin với việc phát huy vai trò bãn đọc sáng tạo của học sinh trong dạy học Văn doc

Cong nghe thong tin vdi
viec
phat huy vai
tro
ban dpc sang
tao
cua hpc sinh trong trong day hpc Van
T
rong nhDng nam qua, cdng nghe thdng tin
(CNTT) da cd nhDng tac dpng het sDc tp Idn
dd'i vdi cudc sdng con ngadi trong dd cd day va
hpc. Mac du viec
ang
dung CNTT trong day hpc van
cdn nhieu van de phai tiep tuc nghien cDu nhang nhin
Chung nd da gdp phan khdng nhd vao viec ddi mdi
phadng phap day hpc (PPDH) va nang cap chat
Iddng
cung nha
hieu
qua giao duo cua mdn
van.
Trong pham
vi bai bao nay, chung tdi trinh bay mpt sd suy
nghT
ban
dau ve au the va kha nang Dng dung cua CNTT
ddi
vdi
viec phat huy vai trd ban doc sang tao
ciia

hoc sinh
(HS) trong day hoc tac pham van chUdng (TPVC) -
mdt trpng nhDng van de cd ban, cd't ldi cua ddi mdi
PPDH van hien nay.
1.
CNTT GOP PHAN NANG CAO TAM DON
NHAN CHO BAN DOC HOC SINH BANG VIEC
CUNG CAP CHO HO
NHCTNG
PHaONG
TIEN HOC
TAP HIEN DAI
'
HS la nhDng ban dpc nha tradng npn
tre.
SP
vdi
nha
van va
nhOng
ngadi dpc Idn
tudi,
cac em cdn thie'u hut
nhieu
ve vdn
sdng,
vdn van
hda,
van hpc
va

kinh
nghiem
thudng thDc nghe
thuat
Chfnh
kheang each
ay da
khie'n
HS gap rat nhieu khd khan trcng viec tie'p nhan van
ChDdng.
SD
xa
each
giDa HS va nha
van,
HS va
thdi
dai
san sinh tac pham cang
Idn,
hieu qua cam thu tham
mT
cang han che. De khac phuc
tinh
trang nay ddng thdi
giDp HS trd thanh ban dpc sang tao cua nha van khi
cdn ngdi tren ghe nha tradng cung nha sau nay
bade
vao cupc
sdng,

ngadi giao
vien
(G V) can quan tam de'n
viec nang cao tam ddn nhan cho HS, giup cac em biet
each tatim
kiem
tri
thDc,
khdng ngDng bd sung
va
trang
bi cho minh nhang kien
thG'-c
van
hoa,
van hoc can thie't
cho viec dpc
van,
hpc van.
Mdt trong nhDng tien fch cua CNTT cd the giup G V
va HS thac hien
dUdc nhDng
dieu
vDa
ndi
tren la
Internet
Vdi
Internet,
HS cd the khai md kho thdng tin khong Id

va phong phu nhat
trong
lich
sD
nhan loai
vdi hang tram
TS.
BUI MINH
DlfC
<jj-l:^
-t •;/ ,
TrDdng DHSP Ha Npi 2
trieu websites lien quan de'n mpi
ITnh vDc
khac
nhau
cua
ddi sdng. Cd nha nghien cDu da khang djnh : xet ve
khdi
IDdng,
thdng tin tren Internetda
vUdt
qua xa so vdi
tong khdi ladng thong tin dado
in
tren sach bao cua loai
ngadi tD khi phat minh ra chD vie't cho den nam
1990.
Khdi IDdng dd lai dDdc tang len hang ngay, hang
gi^

va
se cdn tang nhanh hdn nDa khi
nhOng
cdng nghe mdi
ra ddi cd kha nang lam gia tang sDc manh cua
Internet
Khdng phai nglu nhien ma ai dd da ndi rang
chi
can
mot may tinh
nd'i
mang,
ta da cd ca the gidi
tren mUdi
diu ngdn
tay.
Chaa he't,
Internet
cbn
cd the cung cap
thdng
tin,
th
thDc
6
nhieu loai
hinh,
dang thDc khac nhau
tD
van ban (text), dd hpa (graphics), hinh anh

tTnh
(im-
age),
hinh
anh dpng (animatipn), am thanh (spund) de'n
cac phim
tD
lieu
(film) hay videe
(video)
Kha nang nay
cua Internet cho phep con ngadi tiep thu va
ITnh
hpi tri
thDc mpt
each
hDng thu va hieu qua thdng qua viec
nam bat
thdng
tin
tD
nhieu giac
quan,
nhieu
"cdng"
tie'p
nhan khac nhau cua bp nao. Neu xem van hpc la cudn
bach
khpatpan thave
ddi sdng, tac pham van chUdng

la
teng
thanh tfch hdp nhieu tri thac khac nhau
cua
cudc
ddi thi
/ntemef
chinh la phDdng tien dac dung nha't giup
HS ta nang minh len dap Dng nhDng ddi hdi cua viec
tiep nhan van hpc ddi vdi mpt ban dpc cd van hda.
Xet rieng trong pham vi van hpc, ben canh nhDng
theng tin van hpc dDdc lau giD va thDdng xuyen cap
nhat
tren
cac
trang
bao
dien
tD,
tren
Internetda
cd
nhDng
trang Web
Idn
teng hdp day
du
cac kien thDc
van hpc tD
tac gia, tac pham den cac y kien phe

binh,
tranh
luan
Chang han,
chi
can vao mdt sd trang Web nha :
www.vietnamwebsite.net/ebook/vanhocvietnam;
www.vnthuquan.net,
www.thovn.vn;
la HS da cd the
tim
kiem nhDng thdng tin van hpc
minh
can va
sD
dung
chung vac viec hpc
tap.
HS cung cd the dung cac cdng
cu
tim
kiem nhD
Google
de
tim
cac ta lieu (ca van ban
va hinh anh) ve cac tac gia, tac pham van hpc mpt
each dl dang, thuan
tien.
VD : hpc Truyen

Kieu,
HS
DAY VA HOC NGAY NAY SO
9-2010
mudn md rpng kien
thDc,
tim hieu sau hdn ve than the,
sD
nghiep van hpc cua thi hap dan tdc Nguydn Du va
nhDng thdng tin xoay quanh "kiet tac van hpc" cua dan
tpc, HS
chi
can vap
www.google.com
rdi nhap ten tac
gia (heac tae pham)
Internet se
cung cap ngay nhDng
tD lieu (ca Van
ban va
hinh
anh) va che phep HS
"dewn
Ipad"
tDy thee nhu cau. HS cung cd the vap cac trang
Web ve van hpc nghe
thuat:
www.thuhoavietnam.com;
www.phim24g.net de xem tranh anh, cac bp phim
chuyen the tD cac tac pham van hpc de cung cd sa

cam thu cua
minh.
Cung vdi
Internet,
sach dien tif{e-
book)
cung
hd trd
dac lac cho HS trong viec nang cao
tiem lac van hda mdt each thuan ldi. Ch? can mdt dTa
CD-ROM cd gia chda den
1
USD, HS cd the dpc hang
chuc tham chf hang tram tac pham van hpc ma khdng
can phai den
tha vien
va mat cdng tra
cDu.
Dd la nhDng
tien fch ma CNTT da, dang va se tiep tuc dem lai che
mdi HS. NgDdi giap vien van hpc can nam bat dDdc
dieu dc de giup HS ta lam giau vd'n tri thDc
che
minh,
trd thanh mdt ban dpc sang tao cua nha van.
2.
CNTT TAO DIEU KIEN XAY
DLfNG
MOI
TRUdNG

HOC TAP
TUONG
TAC, DAN CHU, GIUP
BAN DOC HOC SINH TU BOC LO KET QUA TIER
NHAN CUA
MJNH
ChD trpng vap ngDdi hpc, cpi ngadi hpc la ban dpc
sang tap cua nha van theo tinh than ddi mdi phUdng
phap,
nha giao
due
khdng the khdng chD y de'n viec
xay dDng mpt mdi tradng hpc tap
tddng
tac, dan chu.
Bdi
chi
cd trpng mdi tradng nha
the,
HS mdi cd cd hpi
dado
del
thpai,
tranh
luan,
trinh bay nhDng cam nhan,
suy
nghT,
tinh cam, thai dp cua minh ve tac pham. Mpt
gid hpc dapc tc chDc thee ldi ap dat, thdng tin kie'n thDc

mdt chieu thDdng
khdng
cd chd
chp
nhDng ca tfnh
rieng,
trai nghiem rieng va phat bieu heng mang dam mau
sac ca nhan. Trong khi dd, quy luat tiep nhan van hpc
da cho biet qua
trinh
tiep nhan
chi
dat
dUdc
hieu lac tdt
nha't khi nd
dUdc
chu quan hda mdt
each
sau sac d
tDng ca
the ngudi dpctren
cd sd
tdn
tai khach quan cua
tac
pham.
GS. Phan Trpng Luan cho rang
:
"Khdng cd

sD
ndi mach giDa ca tfnh nha van va tDng ca tfnh ban
dpc
thi
khdng bap gid cd dDdc hieu qua van
chddng
mong
mudn"
^.
Tac ddng cua TPVC phai la tac ddng
den tDng ban dpc HS thdng qua rung ddng, cam xuc
cua
tDng
em.
Cung chfnh vl dac diem nay ma
GS.
Tran
Dinh
SD
khang
dinh:
"Dpc van la
hpat
ddng ca
tfnh
hda
cua HS, khdng nen lay
sD
phan tfch cua thay ma thay
the hoan toan

sD
cam thu ca the hda cua HS"
^.
NhD
vay, viec tao dDng mdt bau khdng khf tiep nhan ta do,
dan chu trong day hpc TPVC la he't sDc can thie't de
mdi ban dpc HS cd the bdc Id ke't qua tie'p nhan cua ca
nhan
minh.
Ddi vdi yeu cau neu
tren,
CNTT cung da va dang
cho thay nhDng kha nang hd trp va kien tao Idn lao eua
nd.
Chung ta deu biet, tren hau het cac trang Web hien
nay, ngoai cac chuyen muc npi dung,
sa
kien ,
cdn cd
phan diin dan (forum) trao
ddi,
ddi thoai danh cho cac
"ca dan mang". Dd la ndi de mpi ngadi cd the chia se
cac quan diem, bpc Id cac
each
nhin va daa ra nhDng
kien giai cua ca nhan ve mpi van de cua cupc sdng.
NhDng didn dan
nhD
the gid'ng nha mpt cupc

del
thpai
Idn,
mpt cudc ddi thpai het sDc dan chu, ai cung dDdc
phat bieu suy nghTcua
minh
va tuy theo gdc nhin rieng
ma ddng
tinh
hay phan ddi. SD kien HS Nguyin Phi
Thanh (Ha Npi) vdi "bai van la" hay tradng hdp em Ha
Minh Ngpc vdi bai lam van "gay xdn xap
cadan
mang"
da tao nen nhDng
diin
dan Idn tren Internet Rat nhieu
y kien ve van de dpc
van,
hpc van cua
HS
da
dUdc
daa
ra.
Trong ddi sdng hpc dadng, chaa thay bao gid cd
mpt cupc ddi thpai rpng md, thoai mai va thanh that
den the. Cung vdi cac
diin
dan, tren

Internetc6r\
xuat
hien mpt hinh thDc bpc Id mdi, dd la cac
blogs.
Day la
mdt dang nhat ky tren mang, ghi lai
nhOng
an tDdng,
thai
dp,
suy nghTcua cac "chu
nhan"
ve mpi van de cua
cudc sdng.
Blog
dadc xem la khong gian rieng ta - ndi
ma chu nhan cua nd dado bdc Id minh mpt
each
ta do,
thoai mai. Mdt sd
blogston
tai
6
dang ddc thpai
tac
la
chi cd tieng
ndi ca nhan "gia
chu"
nhang cung cd nhDng

blogsma
nhieu ngadi khac (thadng la ngadi
than,
ban
be ) dapc dpc va tham gia vap cau chuyen. DD hien
dien d dang thDc nao,
nhOng
trang nhat ky tren mang
kieu nay cung se la phadng tien hDu fch cd the van
dung vao day hpc van thee hadng khdi day
cen
ngadi
ca nhan, ca the va phat huy vai trd ban dpc cua HS
trong cam thu van
chadng.
Chang
han:
GV
cdthe
khuyen
khfch HS ghi nhat ky cam thu cho rieng minh, ghi lai
nhDng bai hpc sau sac ma
minh
tham thfa sau mdi bai
hpc, ghi quan diem, thai dp danh gia ve cac nhan vat,
sa kien trong tac pham, tham chf
ghi
nhat ky cho nhan
vat (nhap vai nhan vat de ghi nhat ky)
Neu

blog la
met hinh thDc bpc Id mdi thi
e-mail,
chat
lai la nhDng phDdng tien truyen thdng cua nhDng ngadi
sD dung
Internet. Day khong
chi
la nhDng hinh
thDc
trao
ddi thdng
tin,
tai lieu het sDc tien ldi ma cdn la cac cdng
cu tao lap mdi trDdng tadng tac trong day hpc. Bang
nhDng hinh thDc nay, HS
cd
the trDc
tie'p
trao ddi nhDng
say nghT, tinh cam, thai dp cua minh vdi cac nha van,
nha nghien
cDu,
phe
binh
van hpc, vdi cac thay cc giap
va ban be ve cac
van-de
van hpc va hpc van trcng
nha

tradng.
C)
mdt
sd
nadc phadng
Tay,
HS da
sD
dung
cac hinh thDc nay de ddi thoai vdi nha
van.
Cd em da
gDi thD
dien
tD
cho tac gia de ndi len nhDng quan diem
va kie'n giai cua minh ve tac pham.
6
trong nDdc, nhat
la tai cac thanh phd Idn, nhieu HS cung da sD dung
nhDng tien fch nay cua Internet de trao doi vdi cac thay,
cd giae day van ve cac ndi dung va phadng phap dpc
van,
hpc
van
NhDng tfn hieu nay dang bao hieu mpt
DAY VA HOC NGAY NAY SO
9-2010
.,
xu hadng mdi trpng day hpc TPVC 6 nadc ta ma chac

rang trpng xu hadng
dd,
nhd viec
Dng
dung CNTT, HS
dang dan phat huy
dUdc
ta
each
cua mpt ban dpc nang
ddng,
sang
tap.
3. CNTT GOP PHAN REN LUYEN VA PHAT HUY
NANG LUC TU DOC, TU HOC CHO HOC SINH -
NHONG
PHAM CHAT CAN THIET CUA MOT
BAN
DOC SANG TAO
Mpt trpng nhDng van de quan trpng ma cai
each
giao
due
va ddi mdi ChDdng
trinh,
SGK phd thdng dat
ra lan nay la bdi dDdng, ren luyen cho HS phadng
phap ta hpc (soft learning). Cach day hdn 30 nam,
nha kinh te hpc ngadi Phap G.AnderIa da tfnh
tean

:
ke
tD
thap nien
60
cua the ky XX cD sau khoang 6 - 7
nam,
tri thDc cua nhan loai lai tang len gap ddi. Neu
nha
trade
day tdng sd
lUdng
kien thDc ve khoa hpc
cua nhan loai la mpt ddn vi vao nam thD nha't trade
Cdng nguyen
thi
ddn vi ay
dddc
nhan len gap ddi vao
nam
1500.
Phai den hdn hai the ky
rUdi
sau tDc la vao
nam
1750
sd IDdng tri thDc ay mdi nhan len gap hai.
The nhang cap sd nhan ddi ay da dan dan rDt ngan lai
:
1900 -1950 -1960 -1966

-1973.
CDng chieu hDdng
ay, sd lieu cua cac nadc phat trien cho
biet:
tD
1995,
trung
binh
tdi thieu mpt ngay cd it nha't la 4000 dau
sach khoa hpc khdng
chi
dado phat hanh ma cdn
dUdc
bd sung vao tha muc d cac tha vien cua cac dai hpc
va trung tam nghien
cau ".
NhDng cen sd nay cho
tha'y
sD
gia tang chdng mat cua tri thDc nhan
loai,
sD
phat trien vu bao vdi tdc dp nhanh chDa tang cd cua
cudc each mang khpa hpc ceng nghe trong lich
sD
loai
ngadi va ca nguy cd tut lai phfa sau cua nhieu qudc gia
tren the
gidi.
Vdi thDc

tiin
nay, chDng ta cang cd cd sd
de khang djnh : khdng mdt nha trDdng nap cd the
trang bi du nhDng tri thDc vae ddi
che
mpt HS. Sd tiet
hpc
dD
cc tang len bao nhieu cung khdng the dudi kip
td'c dp phat then cua tri thDc hien dai. Trcng khi dd,
mdi HS lai khdng the thieu thdng
tin,
khdng the khdng
hap thu nhDng kien thDc mdi cua nhan loai de van
dung trong cupc
sd'ng,
cdng viec va hpc
tap.
Mau thuln
nay cang ngay cang
dUdc
dat ra mdt
each
gay gat va
nd
chi
cd the
dUdc
giai quyet bang mpt chien
lUdc con

ngUdi
mdi,
chie'n
Iddc
giao
due
mdi cua mdi qudc gia
ma giai phap hang dau la phai tich
cue
hda hoat dong
nhan
thdc,
phat then
tUduy
sang tao ciia HS. Tradng
hpc phai lam the nae de HS trd thanh nhDng ngadi
biet
each
hoc (how to learn) va tU hoc (self learning)
hdn la hoc cai gl (what to learn), biet each tim kiem tri
thDc va
xD
ly thdng tin mdt
each
thdng minh, sang tao
chD khdng thu dpng chd ngDdi khac mang thdng tin
den cho
minh.
Xet rieng trong day hpc van, muc tieu cua ddi mdi
lan nay khdng

chi
hadng tdi viec
hinh
thanh d HS nhDng
pham chat dae dDc, thj hieu tham
mTlanh
manh qua
eac bai hpc TPVC cu the ma cdn hadng tdi viec bdi
dadng cho cac em nhDng nang
IDc
tiep nhan cua mpt
ban dpc de cac em cd the
tD
dpc, tD hpc trpng cupc
sdng sau nay. Ndi each khac, muc dfch cua day hpc
van hien dai la giup HS biet
each
dpc van de ra ddi
cac em biet
ta
dpc,
tD
tiep nhan cac gia tri van hpc,
bie't the nghiem cac ta
tadng,
tinh cam, cam xuc dadc
truyen dat bang nghe thuat ngon
tD
vao ddi sdng hang
ngay de qua dd ma Idn len.

DDng trDdc nhDng yeu cau dd cua day hpc va day
hpc TPVC, ngadi GV nen tan dung CNTT nha mdt
trong nhDng phDdng tien hDu hieu de cd the ren luyen
cho HS phDdng phap tD dpc,
tD
hpc. Theo GS. Linda
D. Hammond (University of Standford):
"Mdt may
tfnh
ca nhan chang lam dDdc gi nhieu. Nhang khi ndi mang
nd cd the ket ndi vdi hang trieu may khac va chie'c
may tfnh ca nhan ddn dpc nay trd thanh mpt bp phan
cua mang
tri
tue trung
tam,
ne cd sDc manh tuyet
vdi".
Chi
can vdi mdt chie'c may tinh dDdc ndi mang, ngadi
hpc da cd the
tim
den cac ngudn tri thDc d khap mpi
ndi tren the gidi ngay
tai
ngdi nha, phdng hpc cua
minh.
Cdng viec hpc
tap,
thi cD khdng nha't thiet phai

diin
ra
d tradng hpc tham chf cung khdng can den sa
trd
giDp
cua GV vi ndi dung bai hpc da dDdc
chddng
trinh hda,
dadc thiet ke thanh cac
"lieu"
kien thDc, cac modal va
ngadi hpc
chi
viee nd lac heat dpng hpc tap de chiem
ITnh tDng
"lieu"
theo hDdng
din
cua chUdng trinh va
may se
ta
ddng bap ke't qua Ddi vdi day hpc van,
CNTT la mdt phadng tien rat tdt de phat huy nang
iDc
tD
dpc van, hpc van cua hpc trd. Nd khdng
chi
cho
phep HS khai thac tri thDc van hpc tD Internet mdt
each

chu dpng, dpc lap ma edn giup cac em trd thanh
ban dpc cua nha van qua mang.
Chi
can mpt vai ky
nang tra
cau,
truy cap, HS da cd the
tD
dpc tpan van
nhDng tac pham van hpc dDdc trfch giang trong nha
tradng hoac nhDng tac pham dd sd ma khdng can
phai den tha vien hay hieu sach. Khdng
dang
lai d dd,
viec ta hpc van cdn cd the dadc tien hanh qua cac bai
giang dien
tD,
giao trinh dien
tD,
cac Websites van hpc
ma GV thiet ke va chuyen len mang. Mdi bai hpc dien
tD,
mdi Website la mpt td hdp nhDng thdng tin ve bai
hpc (tac gia, van ban van hpc, cac chD thfch), nhDng
kien thDc lien quan (cac kien thDc ly
luan,
cac bai nghien
cDu,
phan
tfch,

binh giang tac pham), nhDng cdng cu
hd trd (tD dien Tieng Viet, tD dien thuat ngD, tD dien
dien
tfch,
dien cd), nhDng cau hdi hadng
din
hpc tap,
dap an va phan ta kiem tra,
ta
danh gia. Trang Web
cung cd cac dadng ket ndi (link) tdi cac Websites khac
ve van hpc tren mang de HS tien truy cap va cd
diin
dan (forum) de HS ddde trinh bay suy
nghT,
trao ddi y
kien cua
minh
vdi thay, cd giao va ban be. NhDng
Websites nay se den vdi HS thdng qua Internet va
nhiem vu cua cac em la truy cap vao eac trang Web
DAY VA HOC NGAY NAY SO
9-2010
dd,
ta
dpc,
ta
hpc va
ta
danh gia d nha theo cac thdng

tin,
hadng
din
da ddde cai dat sin. Ket qua cua viec
ta dpc.
ta
hpc cua cac ca nhan se
dUdc
trao
ddi,
thao
luan tren Idp. So vdi viec soan bai thdng thadng hay
dpc them bat bupc theo thdi quen trade day, hinh thDc
ta dpc, ta hpc,
ta
chuan bj bai thdng qua cac bai hpc
dien
tu,
cae Websites dat dapc hieu qua tdt hdn nhieu.
Bdi vl mdi trang Web nha the la met the gidi het
sac
sdng
dpng,
nd cd mau sac, hinh anh, am thanh, cd
sa
tadng tae vdi cac trang thdng tin khac ma
chi
can bam
vao mdt lien ket la mdt the gidi khac lai md ra. HDng
thu tD nhDng bai hpc nhD the se dem den cho HS

niem vui va
sa
say me treng hpc tap ddng thdi
kich
thich tfnh ta
giac,
sang tac cua cac em trcng qua trinh
chiem
ITnh
tri thac.
Tdm
lai,
CNTT
da va
dang
che
thay
nhDng
kha nang
Idn lap cua nd ddi vdi viec gdp phan ddi mdi PPDH ndi
chung va day hpc TPVC ndi rieng thee hadng phat huy
tfnh
tfch cac, sang tao cua ngadi hpc. Lau nay, chung ta
thadng ndi phUdng phap quyet djnh phadng
tien,
phUdng phap nae phadng tien ay. Nhang eung can
phai
nhin
nhan van de d chieu
ngUdc

lai,
tDc la phDdng
tien ddi hdi phai cd phDdng phap tDdng
Dng,
tham chf
trong mpt sd trDdng hdp phDdng tien quyet dinh
phDdng phap. CNTT la mdt phDdng tien hien dai va
viec Dng dung nd trong day hpc van la rat can thiet.
Tuy
nhien,
Dng dung the nae, vao dau va hieu qua del
mdi cd tfnh dac thu cua
men
van ra sao lai la mpt van
de khdng the khdng can
nhle
va nghien cDu.
Nhin
chung,
chi
nen Dng dung CNTT vao nhDng bai hpc,
nhDng ndi dung ma cac tfnh nang cua cdng nghe hd
trd hieu qua cho viec day hpc van, giup HS dpc van,
hpe van mpt each hDng thu,
tD
giac, sang tao va cd
dDdc chat
iDdng
cam thu td't hdn so vdi viec sD dung
cac thiet

bj
day hpc truyen thdng. Ngadi thay giao day
van can cc nhDng tfnh tcan ky IDdng de viec Dng dung
CNTT treng day hpc TPVC khdng bien ngDdi hpc
thanh cac khan, thfnh gia thu ddng, khdng danh mat
ve dep cua
hinh
tDdng van hpc, khdng lam hdng sD
cam
thu
tham my va lam ngheo trf tadng tDdng cua HS.
Kho khan
(Tiep theo trang 24)
1 Phan nay cd tham khao bai viet cua PGS.TS Dd
Ngpc
Thdng trpng
cudn
"Tim
hieu chDdng
trinh
va
SGK
NgD van
THPT", NXB Giac
due.
Ha Ndi, 2006,
tr.199.
2 Phan Trpng Luan, TrDdng DTnh (2001),
PhUdng
phapdayhoc

van,
tap
1,
NXB Giap
due,
Ha
Ndi,
tr.248.
3 Tran Dinh SD
(2007), "Chinh danh mdn van trpng
nha trDdng phd
thdng",
Van
nghe,
(46), tr.3.
4 Nhieu tac gia, Khoa hgc giao
due
di
tim
dien
mao
mdi,
NXB Tre, Tp. Hd Chf
Minh,
2006, tr 44
phap cho giac vien de cd the giup tre khac phuc nhDng
khd khan ve mat xuc cam treng hpc tap nha sau:
Tha nhat,
giao
vien

can
tdn trpng
tre.
Ldngta
trpng la dieu vd cung quan trpng cho sDc khde tinh
than.
Dieu nay dat nen mdng
che
nhDng gl giap vien
Dng
xD
vdi
hpc
sinh
vanhOng
khd
khan
tam thdi cung
nha lau dai cua chung d tradng.
Del
vdi nhDng hpc sinh gap khd khan ve mat
xuc cam cd hanh vi phan Dng tD ben trong, giao vien
can phai thau hieu va khoan dung vdi nhDng khd khan
ma hpc sinh dang phai trai qua. Mdt nguyen
tic
vang
la ddn roi hay trach phat se khdng mang lai hieu qua
trong thdi gian dai. Nd
chi
lam cho van de tdi te them.

Hdn the, hay tim
each
giam thieu le lang cua hpc
sinh,
va khen thadng cho sa cd gang tich cac cua chung.
Giap vien cd the lam dDdc viec nay bang
each
tao
bau khdng khf mdi tradng Idp hpc hDng
thu,
lac quan,
tfch
cDc
va phu hdp vdi
tDng
ddi tDdng hpc
sinh.
Ngpai
ra,
giap vien cung can phdi hdp vdi phu huynh hpc
sinh,
va khi can thiet hay yeu cau giup
dd tD phfa
nhDng
ddng nghiep cd kinh nghiem de giup dd hpc sinh vDdt
qua nhDng khd khan va tien bp hPn trpng hpc
tap.
Tuy
nhien,
khi van de trd nen nghiem trpng hay dai dang,

giap vien cd the nhd cac chuyen gia tam ly hay
tim
than de giup dd.
Ddi vdi tre cd khd khan ve mat xuc cam vdi
nhDng phan Dng ben ngeai, nguyen nhan
xuatphattD
sD
hda nhap, giao vien can tim hieu yeu td xa hpi va
quan he ca nhan cua hpc
sinh,
dieu nay chac chan cd
lien quan trdc tiep den
nhOng
khd khan nay. Hay cd
gang tim hieu nhDng ye'u td lien quan nhD: gia
dinh,
tradng hpc, nhdm ban, cpng ddng dia phadng
tD
dd
cd cac giai phap cu the va phu hdp ddi vdi hpc
sinh.
Ben canh dd, giae vien cd the giao due kTnang sdng
de phat then
tinh
cam cho tat ca hpc sinh thdng qua
bai hpc hang ngay.
TAI
UEU THAM KHAO
1.
Le My Dung

(2010).
Nghien cDu khd khan tam
ly trong heat dpng hpc tap cua hpc sinh Tieu hpc. De
tai cap Bp.
2.
Dao Thj Oanh (2008).Thac trang bieu hien cua
met sd xuc cam va ky nang
dUdng
dau vdi xuc cam
tieu
cDc
d thieu nien hien nay. De tai cap Bd.
3.
Wicks-Nelsen.R
& Israel.A (2003) Emotion-
Behaviour disorders of
childhood,
5*^
ed.
Upper Saddle
River: Prentice
Hall.
4.
David Donald, Sandy Lazarus, Peliwe
Lolwana(2006). Educational Psychology in Social
Context,
3'^
ed,
Oxford University Press.
DAY VA HOC NGAY NAY SO 9-2010