i.
Qlghim eitu
-
'^mo^
dei
86
5(218)-2010
DAC SAC VAN
H^A
PHAM CACH
CAO
QUY CUA LANH
TU
H$
CHl'
MINH
T
rong so cac vi
lanh tu
each
mang tren the
gi6i,
Ho Chi Minh la mot con
ngUdi
dac biet. Cuoc
ddi
NgUdi.
cuoc ddi nha hoat
dong chinh tri chuyen
nghiep, nha van hoa
kiet
xuat, ma net dac sac trong
van hoa
ling xii
vdi con
ngUdi.
vdi til
nhien dat den
tam nghe thuat the hien
pham
each
eao quy cua
Ngitdi
da khong
chi
hap dan
ban be, anh em dong chi ma
con hap dan ea
nhiing ngifdi
d phia ben
kia
chien tuyen.
Sinh ra trong mot
gia
dinh
CO
truyen thong nho
hoc.
ndi
manh dat nui Hong,
song Lam
"dia Imh
nhan
kiet".
Ho
Chi
Minh da chiu
anh
hiidng
khong nho
ciia
t\i
tUdng,
van hoa
phildng
Dong.
Tifng difdc
song d Hue
mot
thdi
gian.
Ho Chi Mmh
bat dau
tiep
xuc
v6i
nen van
hoa
phifdng
Tay qua sach vd,
ndi trifdng
hoc va ca
nhiing
• TS. VAN
THj
THANH MAI *
tif tUdng
mdi trong Tan
Thif
ciia
Nhat Ban va Trung Hoa.
Xu6c
khong con
dUdc
doc
lap,
dan khong con
dUdc tii
do va du am cua cac phong
trao khang Phap, phong trao
Dong Du,
ciia
xu
hiidng
cai
each
Buy Tan va
sU
be tac
ciia khdi
nghia nong dan
Hoang Hoa Tham da thoi
thiic
Nguyen Tat Thanh - Ho
Chi Minh rdi To quoc ra di
tim
diidng
eiiu
nifdc,
tim tri
thife
mdi cho
siJ
nghiep giai
phong dan toe.
Hanh trinh tim
diidng
ciiu nu6c
da
difa NgUdi
den
vdi
nhieu
quoc gia d cac
chau
luc,
tiep xiic
voi
nhieu giai
tang trong xa hoi, khong
phan
biet
mau da, quoc tich,
de quan sat va hoc hoi trong
nhieu
dieu
kien khac nhau
nen
ve phUdng
dien giao
lifu
va tiep bien van
hoa.
Ho Chi
Mmh da y
thiic
rat ro rang
rang "nam chac ban
Hnh.
cdi
md
tiep
thu" de lam giau cho
ban than minh.
VUdt len
tren het thay, trai tim nhan
hau
luon
rong md, bao dung
vdi con
ngifdi,
vdi
tii
nhien
cua
Ngitdi
da tiep thu c6
chon
loc nhflng
tinh hoa cua
van hoa
phUdng
Dong va
phiidng
Tay,
ciia
ngay
xiia
va
ciia thUc
tai. Tim ra
nhiing net hoa dong, mot Ho
Chi Minh bao la, nhan ai da
ket hdp that tai tinh nhiing
tinh hoa trong "dai tir, dai bi,
ciiu kho, ciiu nan" cua
Diic
Phat vdi
"ciiu
the, do dan, hy
sinh cho
tU
do" cua Giesu,
siJ
"tu
diidng
dao
diic
ca nhan"
cua Khong
Tu,
ciing "phiTdng
phap lam viec bien chiing"
ciia
chu nghia Mac, va
nhiing tinh tuy trong chinh
sach
ciia
Ton Dat
Tien
thiic
sii "phii
hdp vdi dieu kien
Viet Nam" de
xin
lam hoc tro
nho
ciia
cac vi do.
Xhan
loai
c6 rat nhieu
nha
each
mang vi
dai,
song
ling
xii
van hoa mot each
khoan dung, tuyet vdi
nhU
Ho Chi Minh, dat den dinh
Ddn
chu &
Phdp ludt
' Sao (ang Ho
Chi
Mmh
J.
Qlgldm titii
-
^foa dei
86
5(218)-2010
cao
ciia
pham each
nhit
Ho
Chi
Minh
thi
that hiem.
Ai
da
tifng
mot
Ian dUde
gap gd
Ho
Chi
Minh
deu
thay
tir
NgUdi
bong dang
mot nha
Nho
xir
Nghe,
rat
cong
san
song ciing
rat
Oasinhtdn,
Lineon ciia
chau
My,
"Lenin"
ciia
chau
Au,
"Neru,
Gangdi"
ciia
chau
A va
ciing
rat Ho
Chi Minh
"tinh
hoa, khi
phach
ciia
dan
toe Viet
Nam". Khong ngae nhien
khi
nha
bao, nha thd
Oxip
Mandenxtam
sau mot
Ian
tro chuyen cimg Nguyen
Ai
Quoc
- Ho Chi Mmh nam
1923
d
Lien
X6, da
dU
bao:
"Tif Nguyen
Ai
Quoc
da toa
ra
mot
thii
van hoa,
khong
phai
van hoa Au
chau
ma c6
le
la mot nen van hoa
tUdng
lai"i.
La nha
hoat dong each
mang chuyen
nghiep.
Ho
Chi Minh luon luon
neu cao
nhan each
ciia
nha
hoat
dong chinh
tri.
Trong nhiing
nam boat dong each mang,
dau tranh
cho doc lap
tU
do,
hanh
phiic
cua dan toe
Viet
Nam
vii
nhan loai
yeu
ehuong
hoii binh tren
the
gidi,
Ho Chi
Minh
da
tilng
bi
bat giam
d
HiTdng
Cang
(1931
-
19;'.3),
d
Quang
Tay
(1942
-
1913).
Veil
mot Ho
Chi Minh
"dii
gay va hdi
xanh", "thong
mmh va
nhat
quan" trong
tiing
cau tra
Idi
da
cam hoa
diidc
Luat
sU
Loddby
va
nhiing
ngifdi
cong
sU,
da
tranh
thii difdc sU
giiip
dd cua rat
nhieu
ngifdi,
trong
do eo ca vd
chong
Thong
doe
Hifdng
Cang
de
roi
qua ba
phien tham
van,
chin phien
xet
xU
cong
khai,
Ngifdi
da
thoat khoi
hiem
nguy,
trd ve vdi
nhiing
ngUdi
dong
chi
ciia minh.
Va
ciing
chinh
mot Ho Chi Mmh
khong
khi
nao
quen nhiing
an nhan
da
tifng
ciiu giiip
minh,
sau nay khi da trd
thanh
Chii
tich
nifde
Viet
Nam
dan
chii
cong
hoa da
mdi
gia
dinh luat
sU
sang
tham Viet
Nam.
Gia
dinh
Luat
sU
Loddby
da trd
thanh
nhiing
vi
khaeh
quy
eiia
Bac
Ho,
ho da
tifng
hdn mot
Ian
den
Phii Chii
tich
-
tham
ndi
0
va lam
viec
ciia
Ho Chi
Minh
-
ngUdi thanh
men
Tong
Van Sd ma ho da
ciiu
giiip
nam nao.
Vdi
mot Ho Chi Mmh
kien eUdng each
mang,
noi
dau
ciia
giam earn,
tii
toi
khong nang bang
noi
buon
cua
mot
ngUdi
khong
difde
hoat dong. Trong khoang
thdi gian
do,
ciing
rat Ho Chi
Mmh
-
NgUdi
da
vUdt
len
tren
sii tii tiing ciia
hoan
canh.
da
that
kien
nhan
va
binh
tinh
de
kien dinh
con
dUdng
minh
da
chon.
Ho Chi
Minh
-
"Ngifdi
ay la mot
phan
ciia lieh sii
chau
A" da
het sifc
nha
nhan, lieh
sii
va
quyen
rti,
da
bien
Tifdng
Valuy ciia nifdc
Phap thanh
mot ngudi
ban
hiiu
nghi
ciia
minh. Lieh
lam va
khon
kheo,
quyet doan
va
tinh
tao
trong
khi xac
dinh "dong
mmh".
Ho Chi
Minh
da
khien hai
sy
quan tinh
bao
My
- OSS la
Sacld
Phen
va
Asimet
Patty cung Tifdng
Senon
mac du
biet
Ho Chi
Minh
la mot
ngifdi cong
san,
van giiip
dd
thuoc
men, vii
khi:
van
khong khoi
di tif
ngae nhien
den ngd
ngang
trUde
mot Ho Chi
Minh gian
di
ma cao quy, da
khong
ehi
am hieu lieh
sii
ma eon rat
yeu nhan
dan My,
Di
qua mot
chang
dUdng
dai,
day
gian
nan, Ho Chi
Mmh
da ve den
Quang
trUdng
Ba
Dinh
- Ha
Noi,
doc Tuyen ngon
doc lap
ngay
2/9/1945,
khai
smh
nifde
Viet
Nam dan
chii
cong
hoa,
Nha nifdc
dan chu
nhan
dan
dau
tien
d
Dong
Nam A,
Thdi gian
troi
di,
ngifdi
Viet
Nam
van
khong
the nao
Ddn
chu &
Phdp luM
2.
Qlqhim eiiu
•
^MLO^
del
86
5 (218)-2010
quen mot Ho Chi Minh rat
tii
nhien, tram giong noi xii
Nghe: "Dong bao nghe toi noi
ro khong?" -
Chi
mot
khoanh khac do thoi, ranh
gidi va
sii each
biet giiia vi
lanh tu va nhan dan da
khong con niia. Ho Chi Minh
nhif
hoa minh cung bien
ngifdi
dii
le mit tinh. Ho Chi
Minh - con
ngUdi
"da lam
thay doi lieh
sii",
khi trd
thanh nguyen
thii
quoc gia
van
chi
khiem
nhifdng
md
Ude
"lam mot cai nha nhd
nho,
ndi c6 non xanh, nifdc
biec de cau ca, trong hoa,
s6m chieu lam ban vdi cac cu
gia hai
ciii,
em tre chan trau,
khong dinh
liu
gi vdi vong
danh
Idi"^.
Trai qua cuoc khang chien
trifdng
ky gian kho, nhiing
thang ngay tieu
diet
giac
doi,
giac dot va giac ngoai xam,
phat dong toan dan xay
diing
ddi song mdi, xoa bd nhiing
hii
tuc lac hau, bao ton va
phat huy nhiing gia tri van
hoa truyen thong cuoc song
mdi
da lam thay
doi
bo mat
dat nifdc. Khang chien thanh
cong,
Thii
do Ha Noi
dudc
giai
phong, dong bao
thii
do
vui
mifng don
Chii
tich Ho
Chi Mmh cimg Trung
ifdng
Dang va Chinh
phii
trd ve
Ha
Noi.
Nhiing roi, khong d trong
ngoi nha
ciia Phii
Toan
quyen, Ngifdi chuyen xuong
can phong
ciia
ngifdi thd
dien, sau do chuyen sang d
trong ngoi nha san ddn sd vdi
vifdn
hoa, ao ca Ndi Hd Chi
Minh song va lam viec tif khi
ve tiep quan
Thii
do, cho den
khi Ngifdi tii biet chiing ta ve
the gidi ngifdi hien, gid la Di
tich
Chii
tich Ho Chi Mmh
tai
Phii
Chu tich. 0 ndi day,
truyen ky ve
doi
dep cao su
huyen thoai, bo quan ao nau
gian di, biia edm nhieu rau
hdn thit ca
ciia
mot vi
nguyen
thii
quoc gia con
dUdc
Iqu
truyen mai. 0 ndi day,
ddi song vat chat cua Ngifdi
ludn
gian di,
nhifng
ddi song
tinh than Ngifdi v6 cimg
phong
phii.
Tam hon Ngifdi
thanh cao, long gio bdn
phifdng.
Ho Chi Minh, ngoi
nha san, gian hoa
giay,
con
difdng
xoai,
ao ca
nhif
hoa
dong
giiia
con
ngUdi
va thien
nhien, gan bo vdi
tii
nhien.
Do la ban linh van hoa Ho
Chi Minh, do la net dac sac
van hoa mang dam mot nhan
each
Idn
- Ho Chi Minh.
Van cot each phifdng
Dong, van lieh thiep va
te
nhi
ciia
mot nhan each
Idn,
khong can phong khanh
tiet
trang trong. ngay
difdi
gian
hoa
giay.
Ho Chi Minh da
tiep nhiing vi khaeh quy
ciia
minh. Khaeh
ciia
Ngifdi la
chinh khaeh, la nha bao, nha
van, la cac
deng
chi lanh
dad, la nhiing anh hung,
diing sy, ba con nong dan,
cac em nho, deu
difdc
Ngifdi
ddn tiep chan tinh va cdi md,
lieh lam va khoan dung. Tat
ca moi ngifdi deu cam thay
gan giii, than thiet la
thifdng.
Difdng
nhif vdi
Ho
Chi Minh, vdi mot eon ngifdi
van hoa iing
xif
dat den tam
nghe thuat thi khong
chi
ban be ma ngay ca nhiing
ngifdi bat dong chinh kien,
nhiing ngifdi d phe ddi lap
ciing khong the
thii
ghet
Ngifdi, bdi
rang
"Ho Chi
Minh la mot con ngifdi suot
ddi khong c6 ke
thii
rieng".
Ho Chi Minh la ngifdi ma
nhiing ban be
nhU
Nha van
Hangri Bacbuyt, Danh hoa
Picatxo deu dong nhan
xet: Ngifdi khiem nhifdng
nhifng khong
tii
ti,
tii
nhien
ma khong dieu bo, "gap
Ian
dau ma ngd
nhU
da gap
til
lau".
Den vdi vi lanh tu suot
cage
ddi
can kiem
liem
chinh, ehi cong v6
tU,
den
v6i
khung canh thien nhien
D3n
chu &
Phdp luM
^.
Qlgklin eiUi
-
Qrui^
del
86
5 (218)-2010
trong lanh
ciia Phii Chii
tich,
tii cac dong chi lanh dao cao
cap den nhiing ngifdi dan
lao
dong binh thifdng, tii chinh
khaeh den em nho mo coi
deu cam thay
tii
tin va a'm
long.
TrUde
mot Ho Chi
Minh
hien
hau nhu mot nha
hien
triet phudng
Dong,
trong mot khung canh thien
nhien day hoa thdm va ca
loi
phan tot trong moi eon
ngifdi dUdng nhu
dUde
nhan
len, cai ac se khong eon cho
de chung song niia. Yeu
thUdng
va quy trong tifng
eon
ngUdi,
yeu tiing ngon
liia
moi nhanh hoa
ndi Da't
me,
Ho Chi Minh
chi
c6 mot ham
muo'n, ham mudn tot bac la
"nifdc ta
dudc
hoan toan doe
lap,
dan ta
difdc
hoan toan
tii
do", song NgUdi ciing tha'u
hieu sau sac rang: "Neu nUde
doc lap ma dan khong hUdng
hanh
phiic,
tU do thi doc lap
Cling chang eo nghia ly
gi"3.
Tir
ngoi
nha san ddn
sd.
Ho Chi Minh hang ngay
danh thdi
gian
doc sach, doc
bao,
danh dau ky nhifng
gUdng ngifdi tot, viec tot de
kip thdi bieu difdng va
thifdng huy hieu. Ciing tif
ndi
day, Ngifdi nghe
tin
chien
sii
mien Nam, quoc te,
doc
thif
va tra
Idi
tiing ngifdi
moi khi
nhan
dUdc Idi
yeu
cau hay cau
hoi
bang
nhifng
Idi
le, ngon tif de
hieu,
de nhd ma
lang
sau
long
ngUdi.
Den
vdi
Ho Chi Minh la
den
vdi
mot cuoc ddi gian di,
thanh eao, suot
ddi
"tan
trung vdi nifde, tan hieu
vdi
dan" ma bao
triim
len het
thay la
chii
nghia nhan van
eao ca. Vdi het thay nhiing gi
NgUdi de lai, vdi nhiing ndi
tifng m dau chan NgUdi va
ca nhiing ndi NgUdi
ehua
mot
Ian
tifng den, ciing van
luon
hien hien
mot Ho Chi
Minh thong nhat giiia
Idi
noi
va viec lam, luon man cam
ve
chinh tri va dac sac trong
van hoa. Cuoc ddi Ho Chi
Minh gan lien
vdi
cuoc dau
tranh
eiia
nhan dan Viet
Nam,
eiia
nhan loai vi muc
tieu hoa binh, doc lap dan
toe,
dan
chii
va tien bo xa
hoi.
0
NgUdi
khong c6
ciia
rieng, chi c6 tinh thifdng yeu
dong loai, gan bd
vdi tii
nhien va NgUdi thuoc
ve
nhan dan, de lai an tinh sau
nang trong long nhan dan,
Ba
Gioddphin
Stensdn da
tifng den Di tich
Phii Chii
tich, da tifng den tham ngoi
nha san va noi "den mai nha
san
ciia NgUdi
luc tim
ciia
rieng thi, vi dai thay,
NgUdi
that chang c6 gi la rieng ea"
- Dae sac van hoa, nhan each
eao quy
ciia
Ho Chi Mmh da
trd thanh thu vi va ha'p dan
het thay,
Di
tich Ho Chi Minh tai
Phii Chii
tich, ndi day ap
nhiing ky niem, nhiing cau
chuyen ve cay da kien tri, ve
chau gai dan quan ngifdi
Quang Binh difdc Bac Ho
tang hoa, ve cac anh hung
diing sy mien Nam
dUdc
ehup anh cung NgUdi d
dUdng
xoai, ve chau nho
dUde vuot
ehdm
rau Bac
Ho
Tat ca, tat ea da lam
nen mot Ho Chi Minh - anh
hung giai phong dan toe, nha
van hoa kiet xuat va ngdi
sang mot
ta'm gifdng
dao
diic
each mang. Den
vdi
ndi day,
moi
ngUdi dan Viet Nam va
ban be qudc te, tham chi ea
nhiing ngifdi da tiing c6 mot
thdi muo'n de bep y ehi
ciiu
nUdc
giai
phong dan toe
ciia
Ho Chi Minh deu tha'u hieu
sau sac rang: "NgUdi la
tudng
trUng cho tmh hoa
dan toe
Viet
Nam, cho y chi
kien eUdng
bat khuat
ciia
nhan dan
Viet
Nam suot bdn
nghin nam lieh
sii"4.
Chiing ta hoc
dUde
tii mot
Ho Chi
Minh
vi nhan
gian
di
Dan chu &
Phdp lu$t
Qflqhim eiiu
-
^Nm
del
86
5
(218)-2010
cho minh
va
ciing gian
di cho
ddi.
Viec rieng
ciia NgUdi
ciing
la
viec chung
ciia
dan
toe,
Ngifdi
can dan "sau khi
toi
qua ddi, chd nen to
chiic
Hnh
dinh, lang
phi
ngay
gid
va tien
bac
ciia
nhan dan
Tro
xifOng
thi tim mot qua
doi
ma
chon Tren
mo, nen
xay
mot cai nha
gian
ddn,
rong
rai,
chac chan,
mat me
de nhiing ngifdi
den
tham
vieng
cd cho
nghi
ngdi"^.
Cuoc
ddi
Ho Chi
Minh
la mot
thien than thoai
va
nhiing
di
tich,
khu
lifu
mem ve
Ngifdi
d
ca
treng
va
ngoai nifdc
cang
lam cho
thien than
thoai
Ho Chi
Minh them
dac
sac.
0 Ho Chi Mmh,
phong
each gian
di,
diic
khiem
ton
ciia
Ngifdi
hoa
quyen cung
nhau,
va
thiic
sii
"khong
bao
gid chiing
ta
thay
sU gian
di
va
sii VI
dai di
lien
vdi
nhau
nhu
vay" neu do
khong phai
la
mot Ho Chi
Minh
vdi
tifng
cii
chi,
Idi
ndi,
thai
do,
ngon
til,
viec
lam,
hanh dong
gan
bd
vdi
thien nhien,
hoa
dong
vdi tii
nhien. Cuoc
ddi,
sii
nghiep
Ho Chi
Minh, nhiing
ndi Ngifdi tifng
den,
diing
lai
va hoat dong
each
mang
da
trd thanh
tai
san
tinh than
v6
gia ciia
dan toe ta, de lai
cho muon
ddi cac the he con
chau
mai
sau.
Ho
Chi
Minh
la
dinh
cao
eiia
cot
each,
tam hon, dao
dife Viet
Nam, mot
bieu
tUdng ciia
ban sac dan toe
Viet.
CI Hd Chi
Minh, tinh
than each mang
cao ca, dao
diie
each mang trong sang,
tu tifdng
sau sac
ciia
triet
ly
phifdng Dong
da hoa
quyen
ciing nhau
lam nen mot
triet
ly nhan sinh.
Hoc tap
tif
tifdng
ciia
Ngifdi,
hoc d tam
gifdng
dao
diic
cao dep cua
NgUdi
va hoe
phep
xii
the
cua Ngifdi
vdi
dong loai,
vdi
tii
nhien,
la
phai-
song
vdi
nhau
cd
tinh,
c6
nghia,
la
phai
CO
"tinh dong
chi
thifdng
yeu
Ian
nhau".
Do
chinh
la
16'i
song
dep, dep vdi
dong loai,
dep vdi
thien
nhien,
dep vdi qua
khii
va
dep
vdi
tUdng
lai,
Doi vdi
mdi
ngifdi
dan
Viet
Nam, Chu
tich
Ho Chi
Minh
la
bieu tifdng
riic
rd
ciia
van hoa dan toe.
Ngifdi
da
gdp
phan phat trien
va
ton
vmh
nhiing
gia tri van
hoa truyen thd'ng
ciia
dan
toe
bang cuoc song thanh
cao,
gian
di,
bang
tam
gifdng
tan
tuy hy smh vi
nifdc
vi
dan, bang
tri tue va
phong
each iing
xif dac sac dat den
tam nghe thuat
eiia
minh.
Bang nhiing dong
gdp
ciia
minh, khdng
chi
diing
lai d
viec khang dinh,
bao ton
nhiing
gia
tri van hoa tot
dep
ciia
truyen
thong.
Ho
Chi Minh
con bo
sung,
lam
phong
phii
them thang
gia
tri
cho van hoa dan toe
Viet
Nam ngay
mot
phat trien
qua nhiing sang
tao van hoa
va pham each
dao
diic
cao
quy ciia minh.
Tif
cuoc
ddi,
sii
nghiep,
ta'm
gifdng
dao
diic each mang
ciia
NgUdi,
mdi ngifdi
deu cam
nhan
du:de:
Ho Chi
Minh
la
ngUdi
"mac
dau
trong
the
gidi ngay
nay
cd
khac biet
va
xung
dot,
nhifng
difde
gap Bac Ho,
chung
ta
sung
sifdng
difdc
thay long
tot cua eon
ngifdi tinh
ban,
long nhan
ai
se
vUdt
qua tat
ca"6U
1.
Ho Chi
Minh: Toan
tap,
Sdd,
tl,
tr. 478.
2.
Ho Chi
Minh: Toan
tap,
Sdd,
t4, tr. 16L
3.
Ho Chi
Minh: Toan
tap,
Sdd,
t4, tr. 56.
4.
5. Ho Chi
Minh: Toan
tap,
Sdd,
t.l2,
tr. 516, 499.
6.
Trich
Idi
phat bieu
cua
Thu
tiidng
An Do
Neru trong
tiec
chieu
ddi Chii
tich
Ho Chi
Minh
ngay
7/2/1958
khi
NgMi
sang thdm
An Do.
Dan
chu &
Phap
luat