1633 web design assignment 1 fpt greenwich (Merit)

ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET
Qualification

BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number and title

10: Website Design & Development

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P2

P3

P4

M1

M2

M3

D1


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Table of Contents
A.

Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

B. IDENTIFY THE PURPOSE AND TYPES OF DNS, INCLUDING EXPLANATIONS ON HOW DOMAIN NAMES ARE ORGANISED
AND MANAGED(P1). ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
I.

INTRODUCTION OF WEB ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 6

II. DEFINITION AND PURPOSE OF DNS ....................................................................................................................................................................... 8
III.

DNS TYPES .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

IV.

HOW DNS WORKS .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10

1.

How DNS are organised: ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 10

2.

How DNS are managed ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 12

C. EXPLAIN THE PURPOSE AND RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS, SERVER HARDWARE,
OPERATING SYSTEMS AND WEB SERVER OFTWARE WITH REGARDS TO DESIGNING, PUBLISHING AND ACCESSING A
WEBSITE. ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
I.

COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS.............................................................................................................................................................................. 12

II. WEB SERVER HARDWARE: ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
III.

WEB SERVER SOFTWARE:.................................................................................................................................................................................... 15

IV.

OPERATING SYSTEMS: ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 16

V. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS, SERVER HARDWARE, OPERATING SYSTEMS AND WEB
SERVER SOFTWARE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 16
D. EVALUATE THE IMPACT OF COMMON WEB DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGIES AND FRAMEWORKS WITH REGARDS TO
WEBSITE DESIGN, FUNCTIONALITY AND MANAGEMENT(M1)............................................................................................................................. 17
I.

Web Application Technologies and Frameworks ............................................................................................................................................ 17

II. EVALUATION THE IMPACT OF WEB TECHNOLOGIES AND FRAMWORKS ........................................................................................... 19
E. REVIEW THE INFLUENCE OF SEARCH ENGINES ON WEBSITE PERFORMANCE AND PROVIDE EVIDENCE-BASED
SUPPORT FOR IMPROVING A SITE’S INDEX VALUE AND RANK THROUGH SEARCH ENGINE OPTIMIZATION(M2). ...................... 20
I.

Definition of Search Engine....................................................................................................................................................................................... 20

II. Review the Influence of Search Engines on Website Performance ........................................................................................................... 21

III.

The Evidence-based Support for Improving a Site’s Index Value and Rank Through Search Engine Optimisation ......... 21

F. DISCUSS THE CAPABILITIES AND RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FRONT-END AND BACK-END WEBSITE TECHNOLOGIES
AND EXPLAIN HOW THESE RELATE TO PRESENTATION AND APPLICATION LAYERS(P3)...................................................................... 23
I.

Front-End ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24

II. BACK-END........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 28
1.

Definition: .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 28

2.

Back-end Technologies: ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 29

III.

Relationship Between Front-end and Back-end........................................................................................................................................... 31

IV.

How Front-End and Back-End Relate To Presentation And Application Layer ............................................................................... 32

G. DISCUSS THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ONLINE WEBSITE CREATION TOOLS AND CUSTOM BUILT SITES WITH REGARDS
TO DESIGN FLEXIBILITY, PERFORMANCE, FUNCTIONALITY, USER EXPERIENCE (UX) AND USER INTERFACE (UI) (P4)........... 33
1.

Online website creation tools................................................................................................................................................................................... 33

2.

Custom Built Websites ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 34

3.

The differences between online website creation tools and custom built sites: ................................................................................. 35

H. EVALUATE A RANGE OF TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES AVAILABLE TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP A CUSTOM BUILT
WEBSITE(M3). ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 38
I.

IDE: ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 38

II. Database Management System:............................................................................................................................................................................... 41
III.

Web Design ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 42


A. Introduction


B. IDENTIFY THE PURPOSE AND TYPES OF DNS, INCLUDING EXPLANATIONS ON HOW DOMAIN NAMES ARE
ORGANISED AND MANAGED(P1).
I.

INTRODUCTION OF WEB

WWW Stands for World Wide Web was invented by Tim Berners Lee - a British scientist in 1989. From there, It always
has been developing and upgrading time by time.

Figure 1: Web Image

Web works in Client-Server Model


Clients are the typical web user's internet-connected devices and web-accessing software available on those
devices



Servers are computers which store webpages, sites, or apps. When a client device wants to access a webpage, a
copy of the webpage is downloaded from the server onto the client machine to be displayed in the user's web
browser (Krajacic, 2021).

For a Web Works, There are some essential technologies:
HTTP: Standing for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, HTTP is defined as a protocol that provides a language for Clients and
Servers to communicate with each other. It Enables to retrieve related materials from all across the web.


HTML: Also know as HyperText Markup Language, the markup (formatting) language for the web framework builder.
Websites built by HTML are exchanged in Client-Server Model.
Web Browser: It is defined as a software application ulitizied allows Clients to find, access, display, and view the
information on the WWW. One Clients request data or information, web browser retrieves it from a web server and
presents it on the user's screen. The fundamental function of a web browser is to render HTML (Krajacic, 2021).
URL: Uniform Resource Identifier. A kind of “address” that is unique and used to identify to each resource on the web. It

is also commonly called a URL.
Web Server: Web server is understood as software and underlying that responds to Client's requests via The WWW
utilizing HTTP protocols. The Web server's primary role is to distribute website content by storing, processing, and
serving Webpages to Clients. A web server also supports SMTP and FTP (Krajacic, 2021).
More about Web Server: Web server is frequently viewed as the most crucial part during developing and hosting the
comprehence website. However, The expenditure cost of Web Server HardWare is so high for small business or
individuals. There are some reasons why Web Server Hardware cost is so high:


Servers hardware are intended to be higher in levels of reliable security, redundancy, and run under more severe
conditions than client PCs, hence server-grade parts are constructed to potentially serious requirements. They
will frequently have great features and ports, which will raise manufacture costs.



One server serving for so many Clients.



For example, because servers are normally intended to function 24 hours a day, we may switch out faulty
components such as the power supply, hard disk, and RAM without having to shut down the server. Speaking of
has failed, servers now have a plethora of early warnings if their hardware is experiencing issues.



Associated costs of that server including: electricity, internet connections, a place to put it ( racks, secure rooms
etc ), hiring people to look after the physical server ( hard drive failures, power etc ), hiring people to admin the
server ( security patches, software upgrades etc) (Krajacic, 2021).

Therefore, there are now so many server renting services available, which permit individuals, small business can rent to
host their website.
Internet Protocol(IP): A device on the internet or a local network is identified by its IP address, which is a unique
address. The Internet Protocol (IP) is a collection of rules that regulate the format of data transferred over the internet
or a local network. Anything connected to the internet - laptops, tablets, mobile phones, websites - has an Internet
Protocol (IP) address. Your favorite website might have an IP address like 93.184.216.34, but this is obviously not easy
to remember (Anon., 2021). This also lead to the establish of DNS.

II.

DEFINITION AND PURPOSE OF DNS

DEFINITION: DNS stands for Domain Name System - A system for transforming alphabetic names to numeric IP
addresses on the Internet to translate our domain names. It was created in 1983 at the University of California, Irvine. It
is intended to be a distributed hierarchical system (Krajacic, 2021).

Figure 2: DNS Image


PURPOSE:


It can handle the large volumes of requests required by the internet or a tiny private network.



When a user types a Web address (URL) into a browser, DNS servers return the IP address of the Web server that
corresponds to that name. The DNS translates the URL www.company.com into the IP address 204.0.8.51 in this
made-up example.



To retrieve the website without DNS, you'd have to type a series of four digits and dots into your browser, which
you can do. Look at the IP address. It is a system that matches names with numbers like a phonebook does.

III.



When a client attempts to resolve google.com, it checks its DNS cache first. If it has it cached, it will show up.



Simply type that address into your browser. If it doesn't, the lookup procedure will begin.
DNS TYPES

There are some main DNS server types:
 DNS Resolver: Once a DNS query has been sent from the client, a recursive resolver will bring back cached data
if it is found in the cache, or it will send a request to a root nameserver, then another request to a TLD (Top Level
Domain) nameserver, and finally a request to an authoritative nameserver. If the recursive resolver does not have
the requested website in its cache, it will go through the process of obtaining the desired website's IP address and
returning it. It will then save this IP address for a length of time in its memory (W3schools, 2017).
 DNS Iterative: The iterative DNS query will ask a DNS server for information on a website; the user will enter the
URL of the website they are looking for, and the resolver will either provide an answer from cached memory or
ask another DNS server if they have the answer by returning the address of that DNS server; if it cannot return a
definitive answer, it will ask the next server. The query will begin at the root server and work its way down the
levels based on the referrals it receives.
 DNS Root Servers: The root name server for DNS records is a server that plays a key role in converting a domain
name into an IP address for a machine by responding to queries made in the DNS root zone. The servers can

respond to queries that have been cached in the root zone. They can also redirect non-TLD server queries to the
TLD server.
 TLD (Top Level Domain) Nameserver: The TLD nameserver refers to the portion of a domain name that comes
after the dot. TLDs are divided into two groups: country TLDs and industry TLDs. As an example. FR stands for
France, while.GOV stands for government websites. In the root zone of the DNS for the internet, the TLD is the
highest level of domain names. It is the last section of the domain name 1 for the other domains at lower levels.
The IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority), which is part of the ICANN organization, is in charge of
managing TLD nameservers (W3schools, 2017).
 Authoritative Nameservers: Answers to a DNS query are provided by an authoritative nameserver. It does not
deliver replies from the cached memory for websites 3. The authoritative nameserver responds to recursive DNS
nameservers with the IP address of the website (or other server) being sought. The authoritative name server
manages domain name records, which can be A, CNAME, MX, NS, SOA, or TXT records. If a DNS server in a network
stores a record for a website, such as www.example.co.uk, this DNS server becomes the authoritative server for
the example.co.uk domain (W3schools, 2017).
IV.

HOW DNS WORKS

1. How DNS are organised:
DNS servers are arranged in a hierarchical structure and communicate via private network protocols. Each DNS
server has a public IP address and a database of other Internet hosts' network names/addresses (Fielding, 2014).
Process:
Step 1: Requesting Website Information
When you ask your computer to resolve a hostname, such as , the procedure begins. Your
computer's local DNS cache, which retains information that it has recently retrieved, is the first place it checks for
the associated IP address (Mitchell, 2018).


Step 2: Contact the Recursive DNS Servers

In case the information is not kept locally, your computer queries (contacts) your internet service provider's
recursive DNS servers (resolvers) (ISP).
Step 3: Query the Authoritative DNS Servers
In case the recursive servers are unable to find a solution, they contact the root name servers. A name server is a
computer that responds to inquiries for domain names and IP addresses.
The TLD name servers examine the next element of our request — www.dyn.com — and route our inquiry to the
name servers for that domain. These authoritative name servers are in charge of knowing everything there is to
know about a domain, which is kept in DNS records. There are many different types of records, each with its own
set of data.
Step 4: Access the DNS Record
The recursive server obtains the dyn.com A record from the authoritative name servers and stores it in its local
cache. If someone else asks for the dyn.com host record, the recursive server will already know the answer and
won't have to go through the lookup procedure again. Every record has a timetolive value, which is similarly to an
expiration date. To ensure that the information doesn't get out-of-date, the recursive server will need to request
a new copy of the record after a while.
Step 5: Final DNS Step.
Recursive server returns the A record to your machine after receiving the answer. Your computer saves the record
in its cache, reads the IP address from it, and sends the data to your browser. After that, the browser establishes
a connection with the web server and downloads the website. This entire process takes mere milliseconds to
complete from start to end.
The DNS root zone is at the very top of the hierarchy. ICANN allocates organizations to manage Top Level Domains
(such as the com domain) and accredits registrars that purchase and maintain spaces inside these Top Level
Domains on behalf of companies and individuals.


2. How DNS are managed
DNS manages its distributed database system through a hierarchy. The DNS hierarchy, commonly known as the domain
name space, is similar to eDirectory in that it is an inverted tree structure. The root domain is the single domain at the
top of the DNS tree structure. The root domain is denoted by a period or a dot (.).
The root domain is denoted by a period or a dot (.). The top-level domains, which are below the root domain, divide the

DNS hierarchy into segments.
The top-level DNS domains and the types of organizations that use them are listed below. The domain name space is
further divided into subdomains that represent individual organizations below the top-level domains (Mitchell, 2018).

C. EXPLAIN THE PURPOSE AND RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS, SERVER HARDWARE,
OPERATING SYSTEMS AND WEB SERVER OFTWARE WITH REGARDS TO DESIGNING, PUBLISHING AND ACCESSING
A WEBSITE(P2).
I.

COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS

Definition: Communication protocols are texual explanations of the formats and rules of digital Conmunicate between every
PCs on Internet. They are essential in telecommunications to exchange messages within or between computing systems.
Authentication, error detection and correction, and signaling are all covered by communications protocols (Mitchell, 2018).
Purpose:
Authentication, error detection and correction, and signaling are all covered by communications protocols.
characterizing analog and digital communications' syntax, semantics, and synchronization.


Hardware and software are also utilized to implement communication protocols, there are thousands of communication
protocols in use. They are required for the operation of computer networks.
Before data to be successfully transmitted, communication devices must agree on several physical elements of the data
to be exchanged.
Protocols are rules that define transmissions features.
Packet size, transmission speed, error correction kinds, handshaking and synchronization mechanisms, address
mapping, acknowledgment processes, flow control, packet sequence controls, routing, and address formatting are some
of the more common ones (Fielding, 2014).

There are many different services of servers, such as web servers, mail servers, and file servers. Each type runs software that
is specific to the server's purpose, which have sympathetic role in interacting with diverse devices across the network. These

are the following:


Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): TCP is a well-known communication protocol for sending and receiving data over
a network. It separates any communication into a series of packets that are sent from the source to the destination, where
they are reassembled (Mitchell, 2018).



Internet Protocol (IP): IP was created with the intention of being used as an addressing protocol. It's most commonly
associated with TCP. Packets with IP addresses are routed through multiple nodes in a network until they reach their
destination system. TCP/IP is the most widely used protocol for networking.



User Datagram Protocol (UDP): UDP is a loss-tolerant and low-latency communication protocol that works as a
replacement for the Transmission Control Protocol.




Post office Protocol (POP): POP3 is designed for receiving incoming E-mails.



File Transfer Protocol (FTP): Simple mail transport Protocol (SMTP): SMTP is designed to send and distribute outgoing
E-Mail. Users can move files from one system to another using FTP. Program files, multimedia files, text files, and
documents, among others, are examples of file types (W3schools, 2017).



Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP): HTTP is a protocol for exchanging hypertext between two or more systems. Links
are created using HTML tags. These links can take any form, including text and graphics. HTTP is based on client-server
concepts, allowing a client system to connect to a server machine in order to send a request. The server acknowledges
the client's request and responds as appropriate.
o HTTP convention:


HTTP requests: A client sends an HTTP request to a specific host, which is located on a server. The request's
goal is to gain access to a server resource.



HTTP responses: A server sends an HTTP response to a client. The response's goal is to either supply the
client with the resource they requested, or to alert them that the action they asked was completed, or to
inform them that an error occurred while processing their request.

o Apache is a general-purpose HTTP server developed by the Apache HTTP Server Project with the goal of creating
and maintaining an open-source HTTP server for modern operating systems such as UNIX and Windows NT.
o Microsoft's Internet Information Server (IIS) - Microsoft's Web server that provides Web application
infrastructure for Windows Server; the IIS 6.0 release is the most recent version (Fielding, 2014).


o Novell's Web Server – is a Web server for NetWare customers; the most recent release is the NetWare Enterprise
Web Server, which comes included with NetWare 6 (Mitchell, 2018).
o There are some HTTP request methods:


GET: The GET method requests a representation of the specified resource. Requests using GET should only
retrieve data.



HEAD: The HEAD method asks for a response identical to a GET request, but without the response body.



POST: The POST method submits an entity to the specified resource, often causing a change in state or side
effects on the server.

II.



PUT: The PUT method replaces all current representations of the target resource with the request payload.



DELETE: The DELETE method deletes the specified resource.



CONNECT: The CONNECT method establishes a tunnel to the server identified by the target resource.

WEB SERVER HARDWARE:

Server Hardware refers to the computer hardware provided by Central Square upon which Licensed Software has been
installed and which operates in a local area network and runs administrative system that controls direct exposure to all or
part of the network and its resources and tends to make such resources available to computers acting as network
workstations (Anon., 2018).

III.

WEB SERVER SOFTWARE:

Server software is software that is intended to be executed, managed, and used on a computer server. It allows and simplifies
the use of underlying server computing capacity for a variety of high-end computing services and functions.


Server software is designed to connect with the physical infrastructure of a server, which includes the CPU, memory, storage,
I/O, and other communication interfaces. Server software can be classified into many types depending on the type of server
and how it is utilized (Anon., 2017).
Each Communication has it own communication protocols and Web Server Software also has HTTP protocol.
IV.

OPERATING SYSTEMS:

Software is just instructions that can be stored and run by hardware, and software on the computer is apps that run inside
the computer, which we cannot hold or touch. There is a lot of software on a computer. Each piece of software caters to a
distinct function.
V.

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS, SERVER HARDWARE, OPERATING SYSTEMS AND
WEB SERVER SOFTWARE

Communication Protocols: The protocol communication specifies communication rules, syntax, semantics, and
synchronization, as well as error recovery mechanisms. Hardware, software, or a combination of both can be used to
implement protocols. Message, sender, receiver, transmission medium, and protocol are the four components of data
communication, and there are several features of a transmission that a convention might characterize.
Servers Hardware: Hardware is made up of all the physical objects that you can touch and see that have been integrated

and built into a single entity known as a Personal Computer (PC). In this situation, it may be a laptop or perhaps one of your
mobile devices. Web server hardware aids in the delivery of web content that can be accessed via the internet, and it is
important for web traffic because it must ensure that HTTP requests are serviced with the shortest possible response time.
Web server hardware is also important for the customer's perspective, as it is considered rude if a service provider makes
his customer wait primarily on the web (Fielding, 2014).
Operation System: A host operating system is required to run those web server hardware, software, and communication
protocols. The host operating system employs container-based virtualization, in which containers are logical partitions that


are used to separate applications on the same server and allow them to share the same operating system while maintaining
hardware isolation. Of course, there's more to it than that. The OS communicates with the kernel through device drivers,
which deliver "commands" to the hardware to do the tasks you desire.
web servers Software: It is installed and operates on a computer - the server acts as a Web Server, allowing users to access
Web site information from any computer connected to the network (internet, intranet). The HTTP protocol allows Web
servers to send Web clients across the Internet (or Intranet). with data transmission rates of OC-3 or faster, and any
computer can be used as a web server until it connects to the internet. It is a program that uses HTTP to serve files from web
pages to users, and it consists of a physical server, server operating system, and software that facilitates HTTP
communication.
D. EVALUATE THE IMPACT OF COMMON WEB DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGIES AND FRAMEWORKS WITH REGARDS
TO WEBSITE DESIGN, FUNCTIONALITY AND MANAGEMENT(M1).
I.

Web Application Technologies and Frameworks

Web application development has become an inevitable need for businesses of all types and sizes, regardless of their value
proposition. Therefore, there are commonly availables technologies to develop a web such as CSS, HTML, JS which is view as
foundation of modern web development (Aasif, 2021).

Figure 3: WEB technologies and framwork image

However, just developing the web using only pure technologies such as CSS, HTML, JS will take a lot of time and effort, and it
will be difficult to satisfy users, customers and businesses because of their minimalisation. That said, there are several ways
to develop a web application, the most popular one being, ‘the use of frameworks.’
Frameworks have become an essential component of the web development world as the level of online applications has risen
and the complexity of technology has increased. Instead of recreating the wheel, endorsing in frameworks is a logical
strategy. Frameworks assist programmers in creating sophisticated, interactive programs (Nick, 2020).
Now, there are multiple web development useful technologies and frameworks that are available for web developers:
Angular JS: It is essentially a JavaScript open-source framework that can help you make single web-page applications
using an MVC (Model-Controller-View) architectural pattern.
React.js: An open-source JavaScript library, React.js is maintained by Facebook while being supported by a massive
community of react developers. Though it is an e-commerce website development tool, React.js is particularly useful in
the development of user interface for the website applications.
Node.JS: When it comes to creating a lightweight, yet extremely efficient website, Node.js is unquestionably the best
option. It's amazing how well it works with real-time applications that process a large volume of data across multiple
dispersed devices.
jQuery: This one is more of a JavaScript library that is aimed to make traversing and manipulating the HTML DOM tree,
as well as event handling, CSS animation, and Ajax, easier. jQuery enables developers to create plugins on top of the
JavaScript library.
Laravel: Laravel is a famous PHP Framework for Web Artists that allows you to construct a website without worrying
about the tiny details.
Bootstrap: the most popular CSS framework for responsive and mobile-first websites, an open source toolkit for
developing with HTML, CSS, and JS.


Frameworks are used to create both backend and frontend applications. These frameworks primarily facilitate the construction
of web apps, websites, and APIs. You might think of them as libraries that make it easier to create web apps quickly and easily.
Developers are constantly on the lookout for service providers who are up to date on the latest web development technologies.
If you're looking for a framework to support your business, we'll help you shortlist the best options available. FOR , we've put
together a list of the finest front-end and back-end web development technologies and frameworks: W3CSS, Boostraps, Jquery

II.

EVALUATION THE IMPACT OF WEB TECHNOLOGIES AND FRAMWORKS

Advantaged Impact of Technologies, framworks:
o Frameworks are simple representations of a programming language that are simple to learn and use and get the job
done quickly (Nick, 2020).
o The majority of popular frameworks are free and open-source (or available to use for free). They frequently come with
non-restrictive licensing that allows you to create a commercial product.
o The framework provides decent documentation and support in most circumstances of Web development. It's worth
noting that "good support" can be a touchy subject at times. Paid assistance is nearly usually faster and more concise,
but this relies on the level of activity within the framework — as demonstrated by a framework like Ruby on Rails,
which has a large community and is known for its friendly nature and good support.
o It reduces Code Length. Frameworks remove the need to create a lot of repetitive code, which can be found in a variety
of applications. Efficiency is a benefit that should never be overlooked. You can expect to complete a project in a
fraction of the time it would take to write code without a framework.
o As a framework that is typically developed and tested by a large number of developers, it can achieve a high level of
security. When the framework is being constructed, it is quite likely that various security issues will be addressed and
tested.
o Integration: A database is often used to develop practically any form of application (including a website) that requires
data storage. There are numerous other tools related to web development. As a result, many frameworks will make it
easier to connect to and communicate with these technologies (Nick, 2020).


Disadvantaged of Technologies, framworks:
o It Prevents Developers from Learning the Pure or detail Language:
Frameworks, as previously said, handle the implementation of some capabilities in the background for developers.
Because they don't need a deep understanding of the programming language to learn and use these frameworks to design
and deploy web apps. It eliminates the possibility of these programmers learning how to use the programming language
more effectively. As a result, one's knowledge is limited to only a few libraries that are fluent in that language.

o Provides a Programming Paradigm That Is Inflexible:
For designing web applications, frameworks can be customized to use specific tools or follow specified methods. A lot of
the key components of these frameworks are nearly impossible to change as a result of this. Even though frameworks
enable for the creation of unique web apps, the level of customization that can be achieved is limited. Because developers
don't have the ability to fine-tune specific functionality.
o Loading Time for Hampers' Website:
Because of the large number of pre-defined programming code that come with a library or framework, the majority of
which are basically unnecessary for creating simple web apps. These frameworks frequently include big files that degrade
the website's speed and performance. As a result, the final application should have a substantially slower load time.
Developers do have the option of choosing between a full-stack and a micro web framework, though. Frameworks, on
the other hand, vary in terms of functionality, usability, and performance (Anon., 2018).

E. REVIEW THE INFLUENCE OF SEARCH ENGINES ON WEBSITE PERFORMANCE AND PROVIDE EVIDENCE-BASED
SUPPORT FOR IMPROVING A SITE’S INDEX VALUE AND RANK THROUGH SEARCH ENGINE OPTIMIZATION(M2).
I.
Definition of Search Engine
Definition: A search engine is Internet-based software that searches a database of information for answers to a user's
query. The engine returns a list of results that best fit the user's search criteria.
All search engine data is gathered using a crawler that visits and collects information from each page on the Internet.
The data on a page is processed and indexed once it has been crawled. This frequently entails the steps outlined below.
o
o
o
o

Remove all stop words.
Make a list of the remaining terms on the page, as well as the frequency with which they appear.
Make a list of other pages' links.
Make a note of any images, audio, or embedded media that appear on the page.

II.

o A lot of factors are used to rank search results. Keyword density, speed, and linkages are examples of these
factors. The goal of the search engine is to offer the most relevant result to the user.
Review the Influence of Search Engines on Website Performance
More than half of all visitors and users come to websites via a search engine (Introna and Nissenbaum 2000), and
most of them say they always or almost always find the information they are looking for when using search engines.
Search engines gradually have been becoming a crucial channel for enhancing global reach as well as competing with
larger companies.
The webpage could be one of the first few results returned from a related search engine query by using Search engines.
This refers to information that is readily available and accessible to a certain audience. That's a boost in exposure,
which means more people will visit our website.
Search engine optimization improve its ranking in the search engine result page, which is possessed of small business
which cannot afford other marketing channels to enhance their business visibility. It is indicated that some companies
whose websites appear on the top of Search Engine Results Page all applied SEO well (iProspect, 2006).
Many experts in this field claimed that search engines are no longer only useful information tools, but also significant
agents of change in the business world, making it more transparent and competitive through
SEO contributes directly to new customer acquisition (Hansell, 2007).

III.

The Evidence-based Support for Improving a Site’s Index Value and Rank Through Search Engine
Optimisation
1. Make Research Keywords Well:
High results page ranks aren't always guaranteed by powerful and well-chosen appropriate Keywords. They can,
however, make you incredibly competitive for a top spot in search results(Hansell, 2007).
Starting the site's name with Keywords, every aspect of your site can help the website improve its search exposure.
Because if users search different theme, it will customize the title and tagline in the Appearance page, which are both
searchable. If the website's domain name doesn't contain Keywords or a description of its site, adding keywords

wherever possible in these two lines might assist make web's site more search friendly. So, it would be necessary
for independently testing each keyword's performance on Google.


This impartial audit will only take a few time, but it will help find the possibility for more high-performing keywords.
2. Maximize the Website:
One of the finest SEO options is to optimize your website in order to maximize the effectiveness of your SEO strategy.
Visitors can still quit your site if they aren't impressed, no matter how efficient your SEO marketing is. In fact, if your site
isn't user-friendly and captivating from the start, you'll have a high bounce rate.
Make sure your website is mobile-friendly to get the most out of your SEO efforts. This ensures that anyone may visit
your site and view its content comfortably on any screen (Anon., 2019).
This is critical since many users will do business-related searches on their mobile devices. It should also be simple to
navigate your website. Menu tabs should be visible and distinct. Ensure that users can quickly access the most critical
information, such as contact information, product options, and FAQ pages (Barnard, 2020).
Finally, make sure that none of web's material contains any grammatical or spelling issues. The text should be simple to
read and skim through. Break up long paragraphs into manageable chunks, include bullet points and headers!
3. Generate The Right Content:
Because Google’s or other browser algorithm already operates to serve the most relevant content for each search query
as well as authority in its field. Any sites with poorly optimized or non-authoritative content will be picked up by web
crawlers. Don't put yourself at risk of being flagged by Google!
Furthermore, appropriate content can engage with your customers in a way that helps them navigate the conversion
process more safely. Customers place a higher value on material that is both useful and intelligent. The same may be said
about brands (Barnard, 2020).
4. Write blog to advertise the website:
A blog is an excellent conduit for any type of SEO. It allows you to communicate with customers on relevant themes,
making it one of the most comprehensive SEO solutions on the market.
A blog also supplies you with fresh information on a regular basis, which is beneficial to SEO. Small businesses with only
a few web pages and one or two social media profiles will benefit from this (Barnard, 2020).
On a weekly basis, more optimized content equals more possibilities to engage with search engine visitors.

Maintain a blog on your website with at least one new post per week. Every post should be optimized for a certain
keyword, and fresh posts should be shared on social media sites (Anon., 2019).
5. Manage URLs short and descriptive:
Individual pages can be made searchable by using keywords in the URL. Select URL from the Settings tab in
web's dashboard and select a structure that includes aspects of post and page names – which should also contain
keywords related to niche – from the available possibilities.
Internal links, as well as backlinks from external sites that reference website and its contents, all contribute to higher
search rankings. Add links to other pages or posts on the site, such as archived articles or pages that provide more
information, within the content of each post or page produce (Barnard, 2020).
6. Optimizing Media Data:
Images and media can also be SEO-optimized by using web site's media management tools to include keyword-rich titles,
captions, and "alt" text. Customizing these settings anytime an image, video, or audio is embedded on a site might provide
extra chances for improving searchability.
F. DISCUSS THE CAPABILITIES AND RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FRONT-END AND BACK-END WEBSITE
TECHNOLOGIES AND EXPLAIN HOW THESE RELATE TO PRESENTATION AND APPLICATION LAYERS(P3).

Figure 4: Back-end and Front-end image


Web 1.0 or Static Web(contains simple HTML pages and supporting files (e.g., Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), JavaScript (JS))
was too obsolete because it Don't Adapt to Update New Information lead to disconnected from web presence, make Static
Websites Are User-Blind and just are Based on Assumptions. And Web 2.0 or Dynamic Web with the constitution of both
back-end and front-end development are dominating the Web-commerce. An appropriate metaphor for differentiating
between backend vs frontend development would be a stage play. The frontend is what the audience sees, including the set
and the actors, while the backend is the crew behind the curtains operating the lights and soundboard (Wales, 2020).
I.
Front-End
1. Definition
Website's frontend is everything with which the user interacts. The frontend is synonymous with the user interface from

the user's perspective. The interface design and code are what make the interface work from a developer's perspective.
The backend, on the other hand, includes functions and data processing that occur behind the scenes.
The creation of a smooth or "frictionless" user experience is one of the key goals of frontend development. In other words,
an application's or website's front end should be simple and intuitive to use. While this may appear to be a simple goal,
it can be unexpectedly difficult to achieve because not all people or devices are created equal. A mobile app, for example,
requires a very different frontend than a desktop application. Websites must function properly across a variety of devices
and screen sizes, which is why responsive design is so common in current web development (Wales, 2020).
Examples of frontend elements include:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o

application or page layout
graphics
audio and video elements
text content
user interface elements (buttons, links, toolbars, navigation bars, etc.)
input areas (dialog boxes), form fields, text areas, etc.)
user flow (how one interface leads to the next) user preferences, themes, and customizations


2. Front End Technologies:
JavaScript
For the past quarter-century, JavaScript has been around. Because of its dynamic characteristics, the programming
language is well-known for transforming the web.
Content that is dynamic is subject to change, whereas static content is immovable. The web as a whole was static

prior to the introduction of JavaScript. A web page was nothing more than a block of text.
Then came JavaScript, which allowed for interactivity such as scrolling, clicking, and much more.
JavaScript is now utilized on nearly all websites and serves as the foundation for numerous front-end frameworks,
many of which will be briefly discussed today.

HTML
The HyperText Markup Language (HTML), together with JavaScript and CSS, is a key component of the web.
Its primary goal is to structure text, which is accomplished via preparing documents for web display.
HTML5, which was published in 2014, allowed HTML to include multimedia components like as video and audio
natively. This development effectively eliminated the requirement for Adobe Flash Player and other comparable
plug-ins.
HTML is included in every web page since it is required for teaching a web browser on how to display text,
graphics, and other content on a webpage.

CSS
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets and describes how a document is styled and presented. CSS, for example, is
used to govern the visual details of a web page in any HTML text.