tín dụng và các hình thức tín dụng trong nền kinh tế thị trường

Môc lôc
Lêi nãi ®Çu 3
Néi dung 5
PhÇn 1 5
Nh÷ng vÊn ®Ò chung vÒ tÝn dông 5

 !
"#$%& !
'()*+!
, -./01
234""
56) "'
5#78 "'
"9:-"'
';%.-<="'
55> ",
PhÇn 2 15
C¸c h×nh thøc tÝn dông 15
9?"
"9@?"
'9?"
,9?"
6-A"
"9-*B"
'9--C"
D%E-"!
"9%3F4*G."!
'9HI"!
5#87. .%E-"!
"9J"!
'9$?"!

,9K"!
L9H"!
PhÇn 3 17
C¸c h×nh thøc tÝn dông xÐt theo chñ thÓ
Trong quan hÖ tÝn dông 17
9J$?"M
"9JN%O"M
'6) J$?"1
,#4$<3 J"P
L9QR J.%/0 '"
9$?',
"
";',
'SHJ %F4$?',
,5> $?',
L6) $?'L
#G $?'L
!TUA $?'
9K'!
";'!
'VJ*.?'M
,T90# 9WK'M
LSHJJ5/GG'1
59W9HD'1
";'1
'6)'1
,9?0 H'P
KÕt luËn 30
Danh môc tµi liÖu tham kh¶o 31
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Lời nói đầu
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PhÇn 1: Nh÷ng vÊn ®Ò chung vÒ tÝn dông
 U
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PhÇn 2: Ph©n lo¹i tÝn dông
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Néi dung
94%K%.K%F4 G/0RA*
S  [    S  %    /  9    F4    [  -  [  l
_d`7*&UUAm3d.G
J5*%SA
9.0.B4.]?U&<47
?.Un)$<3%i
Thø nhÊt:%&B%-.).S..

/%E.B4C
Thø hai:60?.<H.3:%E.*?.
%&BC*K$VQ8HAR*Q*SY
d.G/0**+o/%-$-R**+%4p
PhÇn 1
Nh÷ng vÊn ®Ò chung vÒ tÝn dông

I. Nh÷ng quan niÖm vÒ tÝn dông
NbS:A%EB+j<09S
H/GYBCe.-42&OXU
X*?B/U&/?
/

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q%E
oqSp
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II. Sự ra đời và phát triển của tín dụng
1. Cơ sở ra đời của tín dụng
NJG*.B%F4%&J*%3F4
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2. Quan hệ tín dụng nặng lãi
N9)*+*QH./cj?
!
2.1. Chñ thÓ cña quan hÖ tÝn dông nÆng l·i
-Ngêi ®i vay: S0*GJA GU. AUC
 *?nYBQS)*+
-Ngêi cho vay:*.?B$U AUC
 B%-*?
2.2. Nguyªn nh©n xuÊt hiÖn tÝn dông nÆng l·i
N9./%3F44/aUB./H
HU*?H)%0?F+B/U%3
F4g/3-YK .F3S.B%-Yt
03S3S0/Y/8.%-U*$
U-dUYGU0>Q*K/S3S0
0?KQ.

2.3. §Æc ®iÓm cña tÝn dông nÆng l·i
N9)*+Y*+%44.SHJ*.Q
*K$%.KQS*4</GO.+N
A
NbO7:B -.)*+<
4?Y*i
 #.S<=:A<=:v
 #.S<=UA<=:v
 #.S<=U:A<=G*.Bv
 #.S<=A<=v
NW.)H )*+)*+Y
4%i
 .S)*+-SO%3F4
g%^? O7)*+
 #.S)*+]ZSOJ.4
:-?..% $7%3
F4K
M
2.4. TÝn dông nÆng l·i trong ®iÒu kiÖn ngµy nay
N9./SS)*+>^?/j<0&
K/aSHJ %^?S*.i
 W. 3& 0B./09.GB
4Q*K?.SC $
GU/.3CG33*4.
 D7: *.B45O:SU/F4 
.<4.%->g3Y-S<j%
 b-
 W.)*+t^?.H?0.S)
*+UK<%i
 #3J .G$7$<3*

B4.GJ
 V-Uj7&B-J

3. Sù ph¸t triÓn cña hÖ thèng tÝn dông trong nÒn kinh tÕ
N3F4.*SHJ UO:S&<47F+
B.Y%3F4O4S0Y%.?B 
3.1. Nguyªn nh©n thóc ®Èy sù ph¸t triÓn cña tÝn dông
N9./0C>F.?BB*:]
Y-G.jN<O-/
0-4
N6-Hj7/.3Y-
3%EK.j73*f/.u4
[4.?BY- .*H3
.?<H KO/(]OQ.-
%i9NbNuNbwN9w
Giai ®o¹n 1:5-7*%3F49..?
S-[OSO.
1
Giai ®o¹n 2:90j7%3F4U7*O/0A
*.B%-*.B:?.%3ZK&.?S-[
O.SO%3F4-I%
/%3ZK+A?.U-*?&O.
Giai ®o¹n 3: 3ZAHU-*?&O<
Q Y7*-<=xH-KF.*e*
GUQ.-r3.?i%3Z<%3
ZU.Y-nr<KO*.
Nu4[)Q.-HX//GY%
8/K/-*A:.%3F4K
H.O4S0F3SAi
 b.)Y-.H.)+HA

Q03:SH*.%3F4
 b.)YQ:U.O%3F4
/GYbA[-S/ya-
K.%3F4#>-K
*.?OF/OA[-nFSH
F3Sv2&OU)I%3F4A0*H
<:SH*H%3ZA0
d.C/c5O:SU4S0%\F4%/G8/K
O<9SH-K./G
[0-K@$S
Gg$%.KFUr[.
Y/c%3F4/.
-ëX.OY*]0-U*][-U7H
B.<B/0-JO?X4C%\Y
Ai
 DBY.Y-?%E
 DBYF/*?YQ<j%?
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3.2. TÝn dông ngµy cµng më réng vµ ph¸t triÓn mét c¸ch ®a d¹ng.
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$UnC$
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III. B¶n chÊt tÝn dông.
9^?.$7%3F4/&<47N
$7%3F4.n<<H.*%SA?
B:.)B%--U:SY%EA
C ..)0U.)0G.j
6?y<34 Q03H7*H/
0 .O.?B -*H Y
KO%3F4
5%:B i*B/0
.SSURY-*HKG:B
C-UA<KO7b.)O:
B YGO%i
 974iJ--KO7.S
 97i%E-.O%3F4
 97<i%.3 6JS*.?/0]B
>Q. 
.3 *)B<34:B 
U*44J<K?I/0/
""
IV. Đặc điểm của tín dụng.
N#Y%:BB*:$-S%&S%

N|3.<<=KC.
O/G|3&JS*< C%EB%--
.B
D0_d.SK*B:Y)*%\S

&F4 YtASH}C Y
^*?*KH.O:B`
V. Chức năng của tín dụng.
1. Tích tụ tập trung vốn.
6.S7Q%E/<0%3
%3
1.1. Cung của quỹ cho vay.
90/ Jv
90/ .v
D7) J%Kv
D78 /-*A7
1.2. Cầu của quỹ cho vay.
QQ .v
QHI Jv
9JJ%
2. Kiểm soát và giám đốc bằng tiền.
9GK.rHAFJSH$%&
YYQ.%i
63<3..O%3F4/. .m
d.]*:Y3/0.
"'
2&O.-SJO3Y/.3.)
%E-S$%3%4/.
5)*:UX/YE./.33S0O
^
VI. Vai trß cña tÝn dông.
1.b.?B3<3.Q-.Q%3F4/
.QHI.J./0
9[0-?FSHF3S&F5J
--+YQ...<B/0U?.

/.O%3F4A*H
.>*Q-0/QU*B*/
0/^*$4-.Q
9./0%3F4.U*B.^
O-*B-C F5O:S+Y
QBH:.%3F4U]ZS70<B/.R/z
:.%3F4ZSO%3F4
xH./KSU$4/0>4J
-U*?4t>&7B.5O:SGQ
]\YQ%@F0j7*?%3F4UO$4/0
A*f
D)/G.?B%E^*.B
^SH*BA*fU]ZSO8&/0U
^YQ3S04F+B
2.9G.?BUj78%
-K/S-U[YJ.3..<B
/0
3.9]ZSO:-:%3F4
b.?B J*:-?%EU
-S=J&/@R$U.S.U
$K J9H$%&Y.$C/0S9S
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",
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0
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/
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/
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:SU.?B +YQ/%E-SY3
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//+.A^2=B:SU
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F4U8>S -?./J..*AF
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Phần 2
Các hình thức tín dụng
9./0C.?B4?.]
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I. Thời hạn tín dụng
1. Tín dụng ngắn hạn.
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2. Tín dụng trung hạn.

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II. Đ ối tợng tín dụng.
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1. Tín dụng sản xuất và lu thông hàng hoá.
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2. Tín dụng tiêu dùng.
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1. Tín dụng ngân hàng.
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2. Tín dụng thơng mại.
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Phần 3
Các hình thức tín dụng xét theo chủ thể
Trong quan hệ tín dụng
I. Tín dụng Ngân hàng thơng mại .
1. Tín dụng ngân hàng - sự ra đời và quá trình phát triển.
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2. §Æc ®iÓm cña tÝn dông ng©n hµng th¬ng m¹i.
9J*BO7. Y$
<3A<34 U.>YB%-)
AB%i
N5-JAKO7+A
3Y/g/c/.U*-?X.
/0UK%.> J$
?
9: J8F4%[U.O
%3F4/.Uz/4.%3-CUz/d&Uz
> . j7/0AJSB*^
- S0 J(O:B -
J../K$?NB...

"1
SGUO%3F4/. ./G3*-
A3Y/g%3F4/.6JSn*B)
7gJ*BO7.$
$?
N(O:B -J$-B*:%.K
%:B O%3F4/.
 ;.?B%3F4/.A&BU
Q-8Yt0Q-8U[Y
J@*.%3F4/.
 #nY/%3F4/.&BU
Q-SG-JY
/Gj.YY-[^/o
0U0U/HRAp
 3F4/./GSjQt
8..?B>7Q/.
%3F4/.HIU3AK.
#.)HUJY7A
Q-3/-*AU?.S<=/.3-/G
3r Y3-SB6^YJ
+&BA3?n*e.?B
<H?YU/G3/GYA 
YUY* . .?B$-..YJ
%\m<C4-U3.?Bn4*AO0%\
/a
3. C¸c vÊn ®Ò c¬ b¶n cña tÝn dông ng©n hµng.
a) Nguån cho vay.
N5-Yz J
"P
N5-SB..K<=/c0U

0.)SBE
N5- S-A.Sd.$O.)Q
 KU j7/0F+B..K
b) §iÒu kiÖn vÒ ®èi tîng vay vèn.
9d.*:J+<*:O43/
A.S3g+^/%i
N#YJUJQS 
N#YQ.)$%3F4/./3UY3
N#Y:SY$$U%304U3<3.S
.)<3.*+ 7<d.S0 9--JN
K
N#Y/0.?3A-*+J
NES]
c) Quy tr×nh thÈm ®Þnh dù ¸n ®Çu t.
N9:*UGQ0
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⋅ VJ S-UB?.7 
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4. TÇm quan träng cña tÝn dông ng©n hµng trong sù ph¸t triÓn kinh tÕ.
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./0i
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3/%./38.3A /U*n3
U.A/38S=<3.E /
3.?Bn*A: J0B/.3S.
Y4.OKH*J/G>/38..
EJnYKjG3<3.7
*+jQA*fn7*$4C-KJH#
O:SUJ*G3:R-K/.38N
/%.-K/SFd/.3SYY%E
]Y3/GU^Y4SHG
./W.:S4*A%\AJ.Ud*?*A*A
.3J/UB$*.3/0-J
N9G.?BYQ0/*GUj
CC#.C*B.S0-S0C%
GS/G /5KX/.3.CUY
/.3-Co0r* S0p/B[
*.?.CU.:SK/-*A.CgO.C
<OJ.X^SU.S**K
J$?j7/SH
GY.*eSHY%\0/A.C
./oY.CK*A*Kp
''
.UJ$?Y>..?B
USB-<=O7^-?
X./0.Q-S+A%
*+]./0$

II. TÝn dông th¬ng m¹i.
1. Kh¸i niÖm.
9$?*O7%E-*t.
Uj7/0AKO7.C
.C*t
2. Nguyªn nh©n cña sù xuÊt hiÖn tÝn dông th¬ng m¹i.
l.%<%3F4HU).%3
F4U.)<%3ZUO:SF3SAYB%-.
Y.-<U.*]YB%-./
-/GY9.S.K
*<-A%3ZRY<C.
.
D<C*O7Oi
<S..A%E-?.
B4C
60?+A.3:.*?-.<K
O73Q*+%4
3. Vai trß cña tÝn dông th¬ng m¹i.
9./c3*f/0d./0.?:Q0N
KF+B e4$?.?B608
"P1{@*KO3jjK3*f/0K+<@
Q.a$?.?B
9./0CA[0- .
FSHF3SUO:S.?B $?B)
7AQ- .?0U>
',
]FH%3Z OD)/U%^? O
7S%\].. B/A
-=7/C..?B%3F4/.
DB>R/ $?UY*YS0C

/G8/K O%3F4/..5O.
/0%3F4Y.@/.+Y
/.Y@%3F4Y.9
$?+*8tốcB*G.*G
9$?>YQ0/)U0/*G
U3<3.-/0.B/0
4. §Æc ®iÓm cña tÝn dông th¬ng m¹i.
5-^?KO7:o.YYB./
.pv
9.<B-3*-?X+]
/gO%3F4Yt&.O%3F4/.o-
%3F4/.pv
(O:B -$?BSG
 O%3F4/.
5. C«ng cô cña tÝn dông th¬ng m¹i.
#$%&*fFCAA*4S<.A6JS*B*.)
< /0KJ%FC.S.<e
.A /YA0?
|4SA.$?R*$0
9.0Y*.?Y*/c0-0
5.1. Kú phiÕu th¬ng m¹i*.C/03
BYA4C/0?.<
5.2. Hèi phiÕu*.<C*.
C3%-4C.&/YA.?
2g%/<YU-0/c0
-*eC3
'L
K<C.4CK/4
C
5.3. §Æc ®iÓm cña th¬ng phiÕu.

N9[AiH$0/Gy^-
/.3Are
N9<@<Bi*:%\.<C0
?.C3C3BG
/-K<C
N6$*GiYAI*$*GU$
..?* Y
6. ¦u, nhîc ®iÓm cña tÝn dông th¬ng m¹i.
6.1. ¦u ®iÓm.
N|]..o<p3<3.SOA
*H O%3F4/.
N(S0C/G8/K %3F4.U*ZS
-B*G.v
N|YQ*3*G./0
0-.B0v
N90/A/-*A*G)9$?^?
IK/0CU&B) /0CN

6.2. Nhîc ®iÓm.
D)I$?Y>R./0N
Y/GS0O7/UOYY)?
0%i
Nb?0SG:B .9
$?..4Rr4K
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