NÂNG CAO SỨC KHỎE. GS TS BS Lê Hoàng Ninh

ỎE
NÂNG CAO SỨC KHO

GS TS BS Lê Hoàng Ninh


Định nghĩa nâng cao sức kho
Ỏe

 A planned combination of

educational, political, regulatory,
and organizational supports for
actions and conditions of living
conducive to the health of
individuals, groups, or communities.
Green & Kreuter, 1999


Định nghĩa nâng cao sức kho
Ỏe
WHO, 1986
 The process of enabling people to

increase control over and improve
their health…

 a commitment to dealing with

challenges of reducing inequities,
extending the scope of prevention,

and helping people to cope with
their circumstances…

 creating environments conducive to

health, in which people are better


ỎN
NHỮNG ĐẶC TRƯNG CƠ BA
ỎA NÂNG CAO SỨC KHO
ỎE
CỦ
1. Enabling people to take control over,
and responsibility for, their health as
an important component of everyday
life.
2. Requiring the close cooperation of
sectors beyond the health services.
3. Combining diverse, but
complimentary, methods or
approaches.
4. Encouraging effective and concrete
The Working Group on Concepts and
public participation.
Principles in Health Promotion, 1987


THE TRIAD OF
HEALTH PROMOTION

HEALTH
EDUCATION
HEALTH
PROTECTIO
N
DISEASE
PREVENTIO


The Health Promotion
Triad


PHÒNG NGỪA BỆNH TẬT
BA CẤP ĐỘ
CẤP I
(Primary)
CẤP
II(Secondary)
CẤP III
(Tertiary)


Phòng ngừa
cấp I
Healthy
individua
l

Risk

Factors

Immunizatio
n Health
Education
Prophylaxis

Phòng ngừa
cấp II
Biologica
l
onset of
disease

Asymptomati
c
signs

Sàng lọc
bệnh

Clinical
Course of
disease

Phòng ngừa
cấp III
Cur
e

Disability

Chronic
disease

Deat
h
Symptoms
and
signs

Diagnosis
Treatment
Complianc
e
Adherence

Functional
Status

Rehabilitatio
n
Support

Các giai đoạn phịng ngừa bệnh
theo tiến trình tự nhiên của bệnh


Phòng ngừa câấ
p I

(PRIMARY PREVENTION)
- Action taken to avert the
occurrence of disease
-Interventions:
o Medical
o Legislative
o Societal
o Educational
o Individual efforts


PRIMARY PREVENTION

- The more directly a
behavior is
linked to a health problem
as a
risk factor, the better
candidate it is for primary
prevention efforts

Simons-Morton, Greene, & Gottlieb, 1995


Phòng ngừa câấ
p II
(SECONDARY PREVENTION)
- Action taken to identify
diseases at their earliest
stages

and to apply appropriate
treatments to limit their
consequences and severity.
J. Thomas Butler, 2001


Phòng ngừa câấ
p III
(TERTIARY PREVENTION)
- Specific interventions to
assist
diseased or disabled persons
in
limiting the effects of their
diseases or disabilities; also
may
include activities to prevent
Butler, 2001
recurrences ofJ. Thomas
a disease.


Prevention


ỎE
GIÁP DỤC SỨC KHO
(HEALTH EDỦCATION)
- Planned process,
- Combines a variety of

educational
experiences, and
- Facilitates voluntary
adaptations
or establishment of
behaviour
conducive toJ. Thomas
health
Butler, 2001


ỎE
GIÁO DỤC SỨC KHO
(HEALTH EDỦCATION)
- Aims primarily at the
voluntary
actions people can take on
their
own part, individually or
collectively, for their own
health
or the health of others and
the
Greeneof
& Kreuter,
common good
the 1999
community

Learning Domains


Cognitive Domain
 Aspect of health education that

comprises information and
knowledge
 Information gained from health
education can be
 A new information
 A reinforcement


Psychomotor Domain
 Aspect of health education that

deals with skill acquisition and
reinforcement


Affective Domain
 Aspect of health education that is

mainly concerned in
 Habit formation
 Behavior change
 New practice

ỎA GIÁO DỤC,
BA MỤC ĐÍCH CHÍNH CỦ
ỎE TƯƠNG ỨNG VỚI
NÂNG CAO SỨC KHO
BA CÂấ
P ĐỘ DỰ PHÒNG
- Promotion of health and
illness
prevention
- Restoration of health when
one
becomes ill
- Maintenance of health while
coping with chronic,
longPotter
&
Perry, 1993
term


HEALTH PROMOTION MODELS
THREE SPHERES
• Health Education
• Prevention
• Health
Protection
SEVEN DOMAINS
1. Prevention
2. Lifestyle
3. Preventive

Policies
4. Policy Maker
Education
5.
Health
Education
6. Health
Protection
7. Policy Support


1. Prevention
(Preventive Services):


This domain includes primary
preventive measures, such as
immunization and exercise
programs, and secondary
preventive measures, such as pap
smears, hypertension casefinding, and smoking cessation
programs.


2. Lifestyle
(Preventive Health
Education)

 This includes education

efforts to influence
lifestyle to prevent healthrelated problems and to
encourage the uptake of
preventive services.


HEALTH PROMOTION MODELS
THREE SPHERES
• Health Education
• Prevention
• Health
Protection
SEVEN DOMAINS
1. Prevention
2. Lifestyle
3. Preventive
Policies
4. Policy Maker
Education
5.
Health
Education
6. Health
Protection
7. Policy Support


3. Preventive policies
(Preventive Health
Protection)





This sphere represents health
protection, including fluoridation
of public water supplies and
inspections of restaurants.
It can be viewed as a policy
commitment to the provision of
preventive services such as those
described under domain 1.