EXPERIMENTAL REPORT department of general physics

111Equation Chapter 1 Section 1 HANOI UNIVERSITY
OR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING PHYSICS
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EXPERIMENTAL REPORT
Department of General Physics
Instructor: Prof. Dr. Dang Duc Dung
Name:
ID:
Group: 4
Class: 708605

Hanoi, 2022

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CONTENTS
1. Experiment 1………………………………………………………………3
2. Experiment 2………………………………………………………………8
3. Experiment 3………………………………………………………………16

4. Experiment 4………………………………………………………………24
5. Experiment 5………………………………………………………………41
6. Experiment 6………………………………………………………………45

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Experimental Report 1
MEASUREMENT OF BASIC LENGTH

Verification of the instructors

PURPOSE OF EXPERIMENT:

I.

-

To know how to use Vernier Caliper and Micrometer

-

Understanding how to read a Vernier Caliper and a Micrometer.

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND:

AI.

1. Vernier Caliper:

To read result with a Vernier caliper, we need to use this equation:
D = n.a + m.∆ (mm)

-

n be the number of divisions on the main rule

-

m be the number of divisions on the Vernier scale

-

a is the value of a division on main rule

-

∆ is the Vernier precision ∆ = 1/N

2. Micrometer:

To read result with a micrometer, following equations:
D = n.a + m.∆ (mm) (1)
or D = n.a + m.∆ +0,5 (mm) (2)
-

n be the number of division on the sleeve (top half)

-

m be the number of division on thimble except the 0-mark

-

a is the value of a division on sleeve- main rule
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-

∆ is the Vernier precision and also corresponding to the value of division on
thimble

If the distance between thimble and line on top half of main rule is
closer than bottom half then we use (1)
If the distance between thimble and line on bottom half is closer than
top then we use (2)
3. Calculate the volume and density of the metal hollow cylinder and the

volume of the steel ball:
To calculate volume of metal hollow cylinder we use the following
equation:

-

V is the volume of metal hollow cylinder

-

D is external diameter of metal hollow cylinder

-

d is internal diameter of metal hollow cylinder

-

h is the height of metal hollow cylinder
To calculate density of metal hollow cylinder we use the following
equation:

-

is the density of metal hollow cylinder

-

M is the mass of metal hollow cylinder

-

V is the volume of metal hollow cylinder

To calculate the volume of steel ball we use the following equation:

BI.

-

Vb is the volume of steel ball

-

Db is the diameter of steel ball

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:

1. Metal hollow cylinder:
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-

Step 1: Use Vernier caliper measure the height, external and internal
diameter of metal hollow cylinder (5 trials)

-

Step 2: Write all the measurement results in data sheet.

2. Steel ball:
-

Step 1: Use the micrometer measure the diameter of steel ball (5 trials)

-

Step 2: Write all the measurement results in data sheet.

IV.

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS:
1. Metal hollow cylinder:
= 0.02 mm

Trials
1
2
3
4
5

∆h =

2. Steel ball:
= 0.02 mm

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D b= 9.98
∆Db = = 0.01

V. Data processing:
Calculate the volume and density of the metal hollow cylinder
a. Volume:

V = ( D2 – d2 ).h = ( 43.362 – 35.332 ) 7.98
= 3960.30 ( mm3 ) = 3.9610-6
(m3) ∆V=V
= V
= 3960.30

= 16.05 ( mm

3

) = 0,02 10 −6 ( m 3)

Hence: V = ( 3.96± 0.02) 10

−6

(m3)

b. Density:

ρ = = = 22.58x ( kg/
∆ρ = ρ = 22.58
= 0,11 (kg/

Hence: ρ = ( 22.58 ) ( kg/)

Calculate the volume of steel ball
Vb = π.Db 3 =
= 520.20 (mm 3) = 0,52 (m3)

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∆Vb = Vb
3

= 520.20 = 1.74(mm )
3

= 0,002(m )

Hence: V = ( 0,52 0,002) (m3)

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Experimental Report 2
VERIFICATION OF CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM AND KINETIC
ENERGY USING AIR TRACK

Verification of the instructors

PURPOSE OF EXPERIMENT
- Understanding more about conservation of momentum and kinetic energy.
- Improving experimental skills.
AI.

THEORICAL BACKGROUND
1. Momentum and conservation of momentum:
I.

-

The momentum of a particle is a vector quantity equal to the product of the
particle’s mass m and velocity .

-

Newton’s second law says that the net force on a particle is equal to the rate
of change of the particle’s momentum.

2. Elastic and inelastic collision

2.1.

Elastic collision

-

In any collision in which external forces can be neglected, momentum
is conserved and the total momentum before equals the total
momentum after:

-

In elastic collisions only, the total kinetic energy before equals the total
kinetic energy after:

2.2. Inelastic collision
- Conservation of momentum gives the relationship:
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BI.

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
1. Preparation
-

Set up the equipment so that the glide 2 will be stationary in the
center of the track between the gates () and the glide 1 is placed in
one end of the track.

Make several trial runs of the collision before doing any
measurements.
2. Elastic collision
-

-

Step 1: Gently push the glide 1, from one end to make it moving to
the right (direction of the arrow) toward the steel spring fixed onto
the air track. Quickly record the moving time displayed on the first
digital timer. The glide 1 will collide with the glide 2 in the middle.
Two glides bounce apart and go through the photogates, recording

both the time displayed on the second timer and the total time on the
first timer. The moving time of the glide 1 after collision () is
determined by subtract from the total time .

Step 2: Repeat the measurement procedure for more 9 times and
record all the measurement results in a data sheet.
3. Inelastic collision
-

- Step 1: Attach a piece of clay on one end of glide 2 facing to glide 1
to make them stick together after collision.
- Step 2: Perform measurement procedure and record the moving time
of two glides before and after collision.
- Step3: Repeat the measurement procedure for more 9 times and
record all the measurement results in a data sheet.

IV. Experimental result
1. Elastic collision
,,

Tr
ial
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

(s)
0.171
0.166
0.174
0.169
0.170
0.171
0.170
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8
9
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2. Inelastic collision
,,

Trial
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

10

Data processing
1. Elastic collision

V.

1.1 Momentum
- Before collision:

Hence,
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)

-

After collision:

Hence,
)

The percent change in kinetic energy

1.2 Kinetic energy
-

Before collision

Hence,
)

- After collision

Hence,
)

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The percent change in kinetic energy

To conclusion, the kinetic energy after an elastic collision is insignificantly less
than that one occurring before.

2. Inelastic collision
1.1 Momentum
- Before collision:

Hence,
)

-

After collision:

Hence,
)

The percent change in kinetic energy

1.2 Kinetic energy
-

Before collision
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Hence,
)

- After collision

Hence,
)

The percent change in kinetic energy

To conclusion, the kinetic energy after a completely inelastic collision is
significantly less than that one occurring before.

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Experimental Report 3
MOMENT OF INERTIA OF THE SYMMETRIC RIGID BODIES

Verification of the instructors

I.

PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT
- Calculating the moment of the inertia in the symmetric rigid bodies
-

Gaining knowledge about the moment of the inertia in the symmetric rigid
bodies
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

AI.
-

The moment of inertia of the body about the axis of rotation is determined
by

-

For a long bar

-

For a thin disk or solid cylinder

-

For a hollow cylinder having very thin wall:

-

For a solid sphere:

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The parallel-axis theorem relates the moment of inertia Icm about an axis
through the center of mass to the moment of inertia I about a parallel axis
through some other point

-

The torque acting on angle is

-

Theorem of angular momentum of a rigid body in rotary motion

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The oscillation is corresponds to a period
EXPERIMENT PROCEDUCE:

BI.

1. Measurement of the rod:
-

Step 1: A mask is stuck on the rod to ensure the rod through the photogate

-

Step 2: Press the button “Start” to turn on the counter

-

Step 3: Push the rod to rotate with an angle of 180 then let it to oscillate
freely (5 trials)

-

Step 4: Press the button “Reset” to turn the display of the counter being 0.
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2. Measurement of the solid disk:
- Step 1: Using the suitable screws to moment the solid disk
-

Step 2: Perform the measurement procedure similar to that of the rod –
Record result period T (5 trials)

Step 3: Press the button “Reset”
3. Measurement of the hollow cylinder:
- Step 1: Using the suitable screws to moment the hollow cylinder
-

-

Step 2: Perform the measurement procedure similar to the rod of the disk.
Record result period T (5 trials)

-

Step 3: Press the button “Reset”

4. Measurement of the solid sphere:
- Step 1: Mount the solid sphere on the rotation axle of the spiral spring
-

Step 2: Push the sphere to rotate with an angle of 270, then let it to oscillate
freely. Record the vibration period of the sphere (5 trials)

-

Step 3: Uninstall the solid sphere and switch off the counter to finish the
measurements.

IV. Experimental result
1. Measurement of the rod:
Trial
1

2
3
4
5

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2. Measurement of the solid disk:
Trial
1
2
3
4
5

3. Measurement of the hollow cylinder:
3.1. Supported disk:

3.2. Supported disk + hollow cylinder:
Trial

T (s)
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4. Measurement of the solid sphere:
Trial
1
2
3
4
5

V. Data processing

1. Rod:
1.1. Moment of inertia obtained by experiment

Hence,

1.2. Moment of inertia calculated by the theoretical formula

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The different between theoretical and experimental number:
2. Solid disk:
2.1. Moment of inertia obtained by experiment

Hence,

2.2. Moment of inertia calculated by the theoretical formula

The different between theoretical and experimental number:
3. Hollow cylinder:
3.1. Moment of inertia obtained by experiment
+) Moment of inertia of the support disk

+) Moment of inertia of the coupled object (support disk + hollow cylinder)

=> Moment of inertia of the hollow cylinder

3.2. Moment of inertia calculated by the theoretical formula

The different between theoretical and experimental number:
4. Solid sphere:
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4.1. Moment of inertia obtained by experiment

Hence,

4.2. Moment of inertia calculated by the theoretical formula

The different between theoretical and experimental number:

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Experimental Report 4
DETERMINATION OF GRAVITATIONAL ACCELERATION USING
SIMPLE PENDULUM OSCILLATION WITH PC INTERFACE

Verification of the instructors

I.

PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT:
- Understanding more about the harmonic oscillation.
-

Verifying the value of gravity acceleration.

-

Improving experimental skills.
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND:

AI.
-

When pendulum mass m is deviated to a small angle γ, a retracting force
acts on it to the initial balanced position

-

If one ensures that the amplitudes remain sufficiently small while
experimenting, the movement can be described by

-

This is a harmonic oscillation having the amplitude γ0 and the oscillation
period :

-

If one rotates the oscillation plane around the angle θ with respect to the
vertical plane. The oscillation period

-

Based on equation , , we would see how the gravitation acceleration
depends on its length and the inclined angle.

BI.

EXPERIMENT PROCEDURE:
1. Preparation:

-

Set up the experiment such that the oscillating plane runs vertically

-

The electric connection of the movement sensor for the COBRA interface

-

Start the MEASURE software written for COBRA interface
2. Investigation for various pendulum lengths

-

Step1: Choose an arbitrary pendulum length (400mm)

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Step 2: Move the 1-g weight holder
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Step 3: Set the pendulum in motion (small oscillation amplitude) and click
on the “Start measurement” icon.

-

Step 4: After approximately 5 oscillations click on the “Stop measurement”
icon, a graph appears on the screen

-

Step 5: Determine the period base on the graph. Record the measurement
result in a data sheet.

-

Step 6: Repeat the measurement 5 times to get the average value of
the oscillation period

-

Step 7: Repeat the measurement with different pendulum lengths (600mm
and 700mm).
3. Pendulum with inclined oscillation plan

-

Step 1: Rebuild the experiment set up this oscillation plane is initially
vertical

-

Step 2: Measurement with these following angles

-

Step 3: Perform the measurement 5 times for each case of angles to get
the average value of oscillation period.

Tria
l
1
2

3

IV. Experimental result
1. Pendulum with vertical oscillation plane:


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L=40
0m: Trial 1

L=40
0m: Trial 2

L=40
0m: Trial 3
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L=45
0m: Trial 1

L=450m: Trial 2

L=45

0m: Trial 3
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