Câu điều kiện loại 0 và loại 1

CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN ( PHẦN I )
A. CÂU ĐIỆN KIỆN LOẠI 0

1. Định nghĩa
Câu điều kiện loại 0 diễn tả một chân lí, một sự thật hiên nhiên, một thói quen hay
mệnh lệnh, đề nghị.

2. Cấu trúc - Công thức
If clause

Main clause

If + S + Simple present, S + Simple present
If + S + Am/is/are, S + Am/is/are
If + S + V(s/es ) , S + V(s/es)

Ex: If you mix red and yellow, you get orange. (Nếu bạn trộn màu đỏ và vàng, bạn sẽ
có màu cam)
Lưu ý: Trong câu điều kiện loại 0 có thể thay thế If = When/ Whenever.
Ex: When they are short of money, they don’t eat out. (Khi họ thiếu tiền, họ khơng ăn
ở ngồi)

3. Cách dùng câu điều kiện loại 0
•

Diễn tả một chân lí, sự thật.

Ex: If you cook water, it boils at 100 C.(Nếu bạn đun nước, nó sơi ở 100 độ C)
•

Diễn tả một thói quen.

Ex: If/ When I get up, I brush my teeth first. (Khi tôi thức dậy, tôi đánh răng đầu tiên)
•

Diễn tả mệnh lệnh.


Ex: If someone comes into the store, smile and say, "May I help you?"
4. Bài tập
Put the verbs in the brackets in the correct tense
1. If you expose (expose) phosphorus to air, It burns (burn)
2. If you heat (heat) ice, it turns (turn) to water.
3. If metal get (get) hot, it expands (expand)
4. If you stand (stand) in the rain, You get (get) wet
5. If anyone ring (ring) the bell, don’t open (open) the door.
6. If my father doesn’t sleep (not, sleep) well, he drinks (drink) coffee before going to
bed
7. If you press (press) this button, the machine stops (stop)
8. If you multiply (multiply) 6 to 8, you get (get) 48
9. If anyone calls (call), say that I am not (be, not) at home.
10. If you go (go) to the Post Office, you mail (mail) this letter for me

B. Câu điều kiện loại 1
1. Khái niệm câu điều kiện loại I.
Câu điều kiện loại I còn được gọi là câu điều kiện có thực ở hiện tại. Điều kiện có thể
xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
2. Cấu trúc – Công thức của câu điều kiện
If clause, Main clause
If + S + V s(es)..., S + will / can/ may + V1 (won't/can't + VI)

Hiểu cách khác trong câu điều kiện loại 1, mệnh đề IF dùng thì hiện tại đơn, mệnh
động từ trong mệnh đề chính chia ở thì tương lai đơn.
3. Cách dùng câu điều kiện loại 1:


Câu điều kiện loại 1 cịn có thể được gọi là câu điều kiện hiện tại có thể có thật.
Ta sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 1 để đặt ra một điều kiện có thể thực hiện được
trong hiện tại và nêu kết quả có thể xảy ra.
Ví dụ:
-

-

If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation. ( Nếu tơi tìm được địa chỉ của cơ
ấy, tơi sẽ gửi lời mời tới cơ ấy) => Đổi vị trí 2 mệnh đề quan hệ: I will send her an
invitation if I find her address.)
If John has the money, he will buy a Ferrari. (Nếu John có nhiều tiền, anh ấy sẽ
mua chiếc Ferrari)
If Caroline and Sue prepare the salad, Phil will decorate the house.
If Sue cuts the onions for the salad, Caroline will peel the mushrooms.
Jane will hoover the sitting room if Aaron and Tim move the furniture.
If Bob tidies up the kitchen, Anita will clean the toilet.
Elaine will buy the drinks if somebody helps her carry the bottles.

4. Các biến thể của câu điều kiện loại 1
a. Biến thể mệnh đề chính:
•

Trường hợp thể hiện sự đồng ý.

If + S + simple present, S + may/can + V-inf
Ex: If you finish the exercise, you can do the next one. (Nếu bạn làm xong bài tập
này, bạn có thể làm bài tiếp theo.)
•

Trường hợp câu gợi ý, khuyên nhủ, yêu cầu hoặc đề nghị.

If + S + simple present, S + would like to/must/have to/should + V-inf
Ex: If you want to meet my boss, you should wait for a while. (Nếu bạn muốn gặp sếp
tơi, thì bạn nên đợi một lát.)
•

Trường hợp câu mệnh lệnh.

If + S + simple present, (Don’t ) + V-inf
Ex: If you leave now, don’t come back
5. Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện loại 1
Cấu trúc : Should + S + (not) Vinf, S + Will +Vinf


VD: If he has free time, he’ll play tennis. => Should he have free time, he’ll play
tennis
IF NOT = UNLESS ( NẾU…….KHƠNG )
BÀI TẬP
Bài 1: Điền thơng tin thực của nhiều kiểu người khác nhau vào trong câu với "if
+ Present Simple + Present Simple". Hãy dùng "you" làm chủ từ của cả hai vế
câu.
1.Vegetarians don't eat meat.
If you're a vegetarian, you don’t eat meat.
2. People who live in a cold country don't like hot weather.

If you live a cold country, you don’t like hot weather.
3. Teachers have to work very hard.
If you're a teacher, you have to work very hard.
4. People who do a lot of exercise stay fit and healthy.
If you do a lot of exercise, you stay fit and healthy.
5. Mechanics understand engines.
If you're a mechanics, you understand engines.
6. People who read newspapers know what's happening in the world.
If you read newspapers, you know what’s happening in the world.

Bài 2 : Hoàn thành những câu sau với "if + Present Simple + will/won't", sử
dụng những từ trong ngoặc đơn ( ). Đôi khi bạn không cần thay đổi những từ
trong ngoặc đơn.
If it rains (it/rain), we won't go (we/not/go) fishing.
1. If the weather is (the weather/be) beautiful tomorrow, we will drive (we/drive) to
the beach.


2. If she sends (she/send) the letter now, they will receive (they/receive) it tomorrow.
3. Fred will be (Fred/be) angry if Jack arrives (Jack/arrive) late again.
4. I will come (I/come) to your house if I have (I/have) enough time.
5. If she doesn’t pass (she/not/pass) this exam, she won’t get (she/not/get) the job that
she wants.
6. You will learn (you/learn) a lot if you take (you/take) this course.
7. If ____________ (I/get) a ticket, ________________ (I/go) to the cinema.
8. ____________ (I/buy) that machine if it doesn’t cost (it/not/cost) too much.
9. If you run (you/run) very fast, you will catch (you/catch) the taxi.
10. I will go (I/go) to the doctor's if I don’t feel (I/not/feel) better tomorrow.
11. If they win (they/win) this match, they will be (they/be) the champions.

Bài 3: Hồn thành những đoạn đới thoại sau với thì hiện tại đơn hoặc dạng
"will/won't" của những từ trong ngoặc đơn ( ). Đôi khi bạn không cần thay đổi
từ trong ngoặc đơn.
A: We must be at the theatre at 7 o'clock.
-----> B: Well, if we take (we/take) a bus at six o'clock, we won't be (we/not/be) late.
1. A: I'd like a magazine.
B: Well, _________ (I/buy) one for you if _________(I/go) to the shop later.
2. A: Has Jack phoned yet?
B: No, and if ________ (he/not/phone) this afternoon, _________ (I/phone) him this
evening.
3. A: Is Mary there, please?
B: No, but if ________ (you/want) to leave a message,_________ (I/give) it to her.
4. A: Is Tom going to pass his exam?


B: Well, ________ (he/fail) if ________ (he/not/study) harder.
5. A: Could I have some information about this year's concerts, please?
B: Yes, if _________ (you/fill in) this form, _________(I/send) it to you in the post

Bài 4 : Hoàn thành các câu sau đây theo điều kiện loại 1 của những từ trong ( ).
1) If we __________ (to send) an invitation, our friends __________ (to come) to our
party.
2) He __________ (not/to understand) you if you __________ (to whisper).
3) They __________ (not/to survive) in the desert if they __________ (not/to take)
extra water with them.
4) If you __________ (to press) CTRL + s, you __________ (to save) the file.
5) You __________ (to cross) the Channel if you __________ (to fly) from Paris to
London.
6) Fred __________ (to answer) the phone if his wife __________ (to have) a bath.
7) If Claire __________ (to wear) this dress at the party, our guests __________

(not/to stay) any longer.
8) If I __________ (to touch) this snake, my girlfriend __________ (not/to scream).
9) She __________ (to forget) to pick you up if you __________ (not/to phone) her.
10) I __________ (to remember) you if you __________ (to give) me a photo.

Bài 4: Put the verbs in the brackets in the correct tense
1) If I _____ (study), I _____ (pass) the exams.
2) If the sun _____ (shine), we _____ (walk) to the town.
3) If he _____ (have) a temperature, he _____ (see) the doctor.
4) If my friends _____ (come), I _____ (be) very happy.


5) If she _____ (earn) a lot of money, she _____ (fly) to New York.
6) If we _____ ( travel) to London, we _____ (visit) the museums.
7) If you _____ (wear) sandals in the mountains, you _____ (slip) on the rocks.
8) If Rita _____ (forget) her homework, the teacher _____ (give) her a low mark.
9) If they _____ (go) to the disco, they _____ (listen) to loud music.
10) If you _____ (wait) a minute, I _____ (ask) my parents.

Bài 5 :Using the given information, make conditional sentences using “IF”
1. Rita might fail her driving test. But she can take it again.
_____________________________________________
2. Liverpool might lose. If they do, Terry will be upset.
_____________________________________________
3. The office may be closed. In that case, Mike won't be able to get in.
_____________________________________________
4. Cathy may arrive a bit early. If she does, she can help her mother to get things
ready.
_______________________________________
5. The party might go on all night. If it does, no one will want to do any work

tomorrow.
_____________________________________________
6. Alice may miss the train. But she can get the next one.
_____________________________________________
7. Is Jack going to enter the race? He'll probably win it.
_____________________________________________
8. Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson


_____________________________________________
9. Fail to pay and they will cut off the electricity.
_____________________________________________
10. Don’t touch that wire or you may get an electric shock.
_____________________________________________

Bài 6: Put the verbs in the brackets in the correct tense
1. David will leave for Rent tomorrow if the weather _____ (be) fine.
2. What will you do if you _____ (not / go) away for the weekend ?
3. The game _____ (start) if you put a coin in the slot.
4. If you _____ (be) scared of spiders, don’t go into the garden.
5. We’ll have to go without John if he ( not arrive) _____soon.
6. Please don’t disturb him if he_____ (be) busy.
7. If she _____ (accept) your card and roses, things will be very much hopeful.
8. If a holiday_____ (fall) on a weekend, go to the beach.
9. If she (come) _____ late again, she’ll lose her job.
10. If he (wash) _____my car, I’ll give him $20.
11. He’ll be late for the train if he (not start) _____ at once.
12. If I lend you $100, when you (repay) _____me?
13. Unless I have a quiet room I (not be able) _____to do any work.
14. If we leave the car here, it (not be) _____ in anybody’s way.

15. Someone (steal) _____ your car if you leave it unlocked.
16. Unless he (sell) _____more, he won’t get much commission.
17. If you come late, they (not let) _____you in.


18. If you (not go) _____away I’ll send for the police.
19. If he _____ (eat) all that, he will be ill.
20. What _____ (happen) if my parachute does not open?

Bài 7: Put the verbs in the brackets in the correct tense
1) If we ________ (send) an invitation, our friends _________ (come) to our party.
2) He __________ (not/ understand) you if you _________ (whisper).
3) They __________ (not/ survive) in the desert if they __________ (not/take) extra
water with them.
4) If you __________ (press) CTRL + s, you __________ (save) the file.
5) You __________ (cross) the Channel if you __________ (fly) from Paris to
London.
6) Fred __________ (answer) the phone if his wife __________ (have) a bath.
7) If Claire __________ (wear) this dress at the party, our guests __________
(not/stay) any longer.
8) If I __________ (touch) this snake, my girlfriend __________ (not/ scream).
9) She __________ (forget) to pick you up if you __________ (not/phone) her.
10) I __________ (remember) you if you __________ (give) me a photo

Bài 8: Rewrite the following sentences as directed
1. If she should come, tell her to wait for me. (using inversion with SHOULD)
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. If I don’t come here early, I will miss the bus.
→ Unless………………………………………………………………………
3. If he doesn’t do that, he will get bonus.

→ Unless………………………………………………………………………
4. If she doesn’t water these trees, they will die
→ Unless………………………………………………………………………
5. I only come if they invite me.
→ Unless………………………………………………………………………
6. In case it rains, we’ll stay at home. (if)
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. If you don’t leave the office, I will call the police. (or)
……………………………………………………………………………………
8. You can’t visit Paris unless you get a visa. (If)
……………………………………………………………………………………
Bài 9. Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc với câu điều kiện loại 1
If I (study), I (pass) the exams.
If the sun (shine), we (walk) into town.
If he (have) a temperature, he (see) the doctor.
If my friends (come), I (be) very happy.
If she (earn) a lot of money, she (fly) to New York.
If we (travel) to Hanoi, we (visit) the museums.
If you (wear) sandals in the mountains, you (slip) on the rocks.
If Giang (forget) her homework, the teacher (give) her a low mark.
If they (go) to the disco, they (listen) to loud music.
If you (wait) a minute, I (ask) my parents.