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Tài liệu BIẾN ĐỔI KHÍ HẬU: TÁC ĐỘNG, KHẢ NĂNG ỨNG PHÓ VÀ MỘT SỐ VẤN ĐỀ VỀ CHÍNH SÁCH doc

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BIẾN ĐỔI KHÍ HẬU:
TÁC ĐỘNG,
KHẢ NĂNG ỨNG PHÓ
VÀ MỘT SỐ VẤN ĐỀ VỀ CHÍNH SÁCH
(NGHIÊN CỨU TRƯỜNG HỢP
ĐỒNG BÀO CÁC DÂN TỘC THIỂU SỐ VÙNG NÚI PHÍA BẮC)


NHÓM CÔNG TÁC
BIẾN ĐỔI KHÍ HẬU (CCWG)
NHÓM CÔNG TÁC
DÂN TỘC THIỂU SỐ (EMWG)
Tập thể tác giả:
TS. Mai Thanh Sơn
TS. Lê Đình Phùng
TS. Lê Đức Thịnh

HÀ NỘI, tháng 10 năm 2011
MỤC LỤC

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 
A. GIỚI THIỆU CHUNG VỀ NGHIÊN CỨU

 !"#$%"&'""() 
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789:"() 3
;</"=/>?"() 3
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B. KẾT QUẢ NGHIÊN CỨU 
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85D"IIIPH”PYKPJIRPPH•4–P;H—M˜IX_JH8™šPr›IœP 73
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32
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Danh mục các hộp thông tin bổ sung
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H07•4/$.?<."5/1$'(et.^0X 3
H0•X/' "BZ$$E!-["[D"E. 7
H0@•M?P"=$56>?'E$=$/'/ &)$9". 
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7
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H0©•8>'<G&"("Ej"t>/Dh'="="ž/Ÿ$"&-
 &'"?"0
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H0*•M?P." "9[&="C!jh+C56v>v./

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H0•8>&G"().&)+05D" @
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#"<CEE[-+F!0B"'"!56Z""09
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T&9&v"D
Tập thể tác giả

A. GIỚI THIỆU CHUNG VỀ NGHIÊN CỨU
1.Giải thích một số thuật ngữ dùng trong nghiên cứu
Thời tiết>/&<"E][B<+B-+56c+hi"a60
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Khí hậu5"56+"½>/&"hGž'"1£5">/32f¤
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"5$9/0[56Z1""<'1vB"><E]5
'"6[Ej"Å'![C(1"()/[>/0t&56#"
h-!01¥&6"5$9&'"?)"/"B"(Z
1haE!CGB"[(9/.c-E["+"00iE
0G&<"
8f)/'(d56c+5&(C5-c+ 56""()
"=3Dh•¤P#"hB?B1X_JHeEZ4P;X¨¤8"
E1"5$9FFY.^0X&'"?)"0haE!C0Ÿ"
"¡"§(¨/¤H? "1P/5g&'"?¥&6"5
3
$9i)"/"B"(Z1X_JHP#"0?®
56t&&'"]&G']?5D""#*? "/[
4. Câu hỏi nghiên cứu
(]1.haE!/?56"Z'eEZ.
^0X&-.-."56`&F[(C&'"EjEa1"(
)/[C"1[!0&"&>'9:>g•//'B
1P/5gB0[561""<'1"5$9
FFY.^0X&'"?"/)"0gZhaE!'/Å
_B&>569:C9:"()B56"0>/•
b P#"hB?1X_JHe.^0X>/"GÅ
b X_JHB"><#""(Z"G/>/#""5$uh+a
5D"-Å
b P"5$9FFYe.^0Xd#""E"Gi)"

/"B"(Z1X_JHÅ
b M?0$""E1"5$9B#"!>6¡D/E
Ef¡)"GÅ
b 8¥&6¡?01P/5g?#"h-!0"G&'"?¥
&6"5$9)"C"B"(Z1X_JHÅ
b //'BBE056G&<"Å
5. Phạm vi và nguồn tài liệu nghiên cứu
P"()56Z?&'"0<FFYe.^0XCtHŸ
XG&e&P"()$Z&(De09*"=/>?•¤F/>?/fC
h'"="()%"1.d56Z?C? "d56
h//h''Z?1F±/+05D"¨/¤P"=/>?D
-0!056]["().$d<tH/"/&^&'"a[
9/5-
6. Quan điểm tiếp cận, phương pháp nghiên cứu và khung phân tích
P"()56Z?$Z&(]B0!a"B? "•;9="h
"=/>?/fC5>?¡j">5&#¨ )"C'"#g
ZuZ?E'<?01/5g&'")"0ghaE!C
0Ÿ""/"§(F&'"]&G"()C5-91`®
3"[(Dh•¤Fj&v"Z$<"¡Eh?¨¤_.'""5&'"¨
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56["[("/"()ECG?09-.ž'
5g"E60>(b"/56Z?5>®5D"(
Mg]B5![C"()56Z?1[$Z&(05D"00•
• ;9/$u$+j"56"=/>?#£fh
Ch''DE¡a"EC"()E'vC/>?
"()Z+1[(".>½ZE¤
• _""1X_JHZ"<t.^0X
• ;5D"00'¡EB)"£"#"=/#g/>?D-0C
"#/>?D-0e+05D"E¤
7

• A[<0£5&?.E]Z09¡$u$+C'¤
• F-[("C/]>¯/h[(jeF&"5D"/+
05D"Ch5D"&G¡$Z1a)] £j"]0:"
-9/H"+-¤
7. Tiến trình nghiên cứu
P"=/>?1.haE!/0Ÿ""¡"§(eM?P
E0'"0^YEd&'"[/>?C5-d/09
>'</!0•¤J)".haE!'/Cv(/
#"hB?eM?P¨¤8"E1"5$9$9B .
^0Xb$Z&(? "&)h+b&'"?)"0gZ[a-
5"1¨/¤H? "¥&6¡?01P/5g&'"?
)"0haE!C0Ÿ""/"§(£h'"=fh00
][CfE?$Z/h''"E]Z?¼¤
YE'//?09/>?/fC5-d/
E'Z+<tH/"i!0/>?)-0/ha"B
)P"'/&C5-Ÿha"(5>?¡B)56.&
9et_?X(Cª(X/XJ<
8. Hạn chế của nghiên cứu
P"=/>?/f1.haE!/0Ÿ"""§(bD
e$#>?1[1"()/[b]>gC&'"E"][+'"(
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E:D-4.^0X&">gC*+E E£_j"X+
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E£_j"X$<"E!<$5D"C+5e"91"%
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E'<$?B%"Z(/f1B)Ej"'
4`EC&'"EZ.^0XCA"P>/t$[-&"^C
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Hj"C'CH'CP"/YG¤/h0!&'"  ""[<%"$[(

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5-56<'.E?BGB¡"<EZ/[
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B. KẾT QUẢ NGHIÊN CỨU
Chương I. KHÁI QUÁT VỀ TỰ NHIÊN, KINH TẾ VÀ XÃ HỘI VÙNG MNPB
1.1. Sơ lược về điều kiện tự nhiên
4.^0XM?Ph'"=t•HŸXGCYDC;^FvC_?X(C
89C/'8Cª(XCF[(A"CFP"[(CH/"CXJ<C8'Xi"C<"
YDCX"/A"P_9[>/EZ!0&"E D"[('C
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/*B%"Z(/ ">/*%"f•_j"X/F9[X
M%"_j"X>/01+E H'PCZ-ie0h/j"h
EZH/PA"P>/tZj"1%"_j"XCi"[<M+X
hC5"&"g+>¯09[1%"_j"XEj"ZZ&·&/"#/
+>¯¡+-vM?P5Z "-&'"?>-[j"H="[>-[$d[
H'/"(YD>/&"g"#_j"/F9[X
M%"_j"X56"g<.0hheh("gM?bF&"C0>/$d[^
F_'/="hi"9aj"H=";09[1_j"X56"g<he
"> "j"H="/56""=j"8[C'>gDC56-<'he
"&C0/'"[(j;j"/>/%"^/&"$g
.E ^/$d[^j'`^-;0hh("gM?bF&">/
'"[(>>569["j""=•'"[(XH/C'"[(AX</'
"[(_="MfH'"[('&"hGC222bC*22C&("'
"[(_="Mf'gC@22_j"X " ="hi":§05F-
J(C<"YDCXGC8'Xi";j"C&"$j"9&e&hBC-0D
.$d[^GŸ""][>5".5g"j">>56j""9[>/Ÿ"
"Yj"9CP"9YDbª(<CXYD /_j"F&.8$d[^Ÿ""/[
5.j><eF_';9[C;^FvCF[(A"C
ª(X/FP"[(C-0$.0="hi"P"5]ž"v0/[>/Æ%"
&"$Æ_'10/["22b2M%"hB_j"X.'>g

:C"*¡3 >56"'hB1M?P¨^v&(hBC<'/
]H<'"a"
M%"_j"X.? "j" C&'"j">g5j"H="Cj"
8[Cj"jCj"9£? "j"H="¤Cj"8Cj"F5D"Cj"
P £? "j"FXG¤Cj"Xi"Cj"X"Cj"J¾8%"¼8
j" []'"[(0h£5j"P'A[][?_="Mf
/4¦'M<1tH/"¤<'& À^$//9
_j"X+5e"1E!<$5D"C+5e"1"%j"
hCEj/><'+G'Ce0h><.$d[^G"e&e
0hC.F_'(/'%j"%"/["h-a<C
&e(&-><M%"^e/'8CH/"C8'Xi"C<"YDB>^?
c "$5g2
2
8/[&D
M%"F9[XC.`-&^+"+E YbF_+GF9[Xh+
cÀ$#$CB&eC.E ^/$d[^'<[ž'5g"9[hbj"
d[H'/"(YD$/g2EC&"32EC#"t^'*C223C222
d[^Yj"4d$/22EC#"t'&(C22#$d[^/[>/%"
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1.2. Mấy nét khái quát về các dân tộc thiểu số miền núi phía Bắc
1.2.1. Đặc điểm cư trú và dân số
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$9v•F"5FF_žCFF&"¨"5F/[;C
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
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>(E'".^
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hF&5g9[C]&Gcž5¡"5t-[e$9B gC"/[

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"'>5¡0h"#"=""5_="C?&'aj9"#
$9B gC"#"5$9B g"5J"/[/".D
E'-&^$9 b"5e.Dh+h$<""EB
1.2.2. Tổ chức chính trị - xã hội và vấn đề sở hữu truyền thống
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