Slide presentation Functional Grammar

Functional
Functional Grammar
Grammar
Supervisor
Supervisor :: Pro.
Pro. Dr
Dr Hoàng
Hoàng
Văn
Văn Vân
Vân

GROUP
GROUP 1
1

11 –– Nguyễn
Nguyễn Thị
Thị Thu
Thu Quỳnh
Quỳnh
22 –– Trần
Trần Thị
Thị Phương
Phương Nhung
Nhung
33 –– Vũ
Vũ Lệ
Lệ Huyền
Huyền
44 –– Phạm

Phạm Hồng
Hồng Phượng
Phượng
55 –– Nguyễn
Nguyễn Phương
Phương Yến
Yến


REVIEW
REVIEW

TEXT
CONTEXT

The context of culture The context of situatio
refers to
the broad
socio-cultural
environment:
- ideology
- social conventions
- institutions

relates to
the specific
situations
within
the socio-cultural
environment

Three aspects of the context

FIELD
FIELD

TENOR
TENOR

MODE
MODE

is
efers to
refers
is the
the
refers
to what
what
refers to
to
relationship
is
relationship the
is
the channel
channel
to

of
between the
the
to be
be talked
talked between
of
or
communispeaker and
and
or written
written speaker
communilistener
about;
cation
listener
about;
cation
or
or the
the writer
writer
and
and reader
reader


It enables people to use language
to enact social relationships,
and is influenced by tenor

The interpersonal metafunction


It enables people to use language
to present experience, and is
influenced by field

The ideational /experiential
metafunction


It enables people to use language
to construct logical and coherent
text
and is influenced by mode

Textual metafunction


Outline

Clause as representation
I. Metafunctions
II.
Ideational
metafunction
and
its
realization through the transitivity system

1. Ideational metafunction
2. Transitivity system
3. The realisations of ideational
metafunction
through
the
transitivity system
3.1. Process and participants
3.2. Other participant functions
3.3. Circumstances


I. Metafunctions
Definition

Different modes of meaning
construed by grammar


Types

Lexico
-grammar

Ideational
(experiential)
Clause as
representation
Interpersonal
Clause as exchange

Textual
Clause as message

Process
Participants
Circumstances

Mood ( subject –
finite )
Residue

Theme
Rheme


Example:

In this job

Anne

We

‘re

working

Theme

Rheme

with
silver
 Textual

Mood
Vocative

 Interpersonal

Subject Finite
Locative

Actor

Process

Manner  Ideational


Figure 1.9: Independence of metafunctions


Outline
I. Metafunctions
II.
Ideational
metafunction
and

its
realization through the transitivity system
1. Ideational metafunction
2. Transitivity system
3. The realisations of ideational
metafunction
through
the
transitivity system
3.1. Process and participants
3.2. Other participant functions
3.3. Circumstances
4. Questions


METAFUNCTIONS

Id

ti
a
e

l
a
on

r
e
t

In

so
r
pe

Experiential
Experiential
Logical
Logical

l
a
n

l
a
tu
x
Te

Grammar of
clause as
representation
Meaning between
clauses in clause
complexes


Ideational metafunction

Ideation focuses on the ‘content’ of a
discourse: what kinds of activities are
undertaken, and how participants in
these activities are described, how
they are classified and what are they
composed of. Ideation is concerned with how our
experience of ‘reality’, material and symbolic, is
construed in discourse.
Participants

(Martin & Rose, 2003, p. 66)

Who does what to whom where and when, how
and why?
Process

Circumstances


Outline
I. Metafunctions
II.
Ideational
metafunction
and
its
realization through the transitivity system
1. Ideational metafunction
2. Transitivity system
3. The realisations of ideational

metafunction
through
the
transitivity system
3.1. Process and participants
3.2. Other participant functions
3.3. Circumstances
4. Transitivity and voice: another
interpretation


Transitivity System
 Transitivity

is the
resource for construing
our experience the flux
of 'goings-on‘, as
structural
configurations; each
consisting of a
process, the

participants

Circumstances
Participants
Process

involved in the process,

and circumstances
attendant on it.

 Transitivity
structure

(Butt et al., 2003, p.46)


Transitivity system


Process
 Process, the essential ingredient, is
about happening, doing, being,
saying, sensing and thinking.
 There are many types of processes,
which are realized by verbal groups.
 The type of process determines
how participants are labeled.
E.g. Actor: I played football.
Senser: I heard a noise.


Participants
 A participant represents the
“thingness” concept that is being
talked about.
 It can be a person, place or object
 It answers the question Who?

Which? What? To Whom? For
Whom? about the process.
 It is most likely realized by a
nominal group.


Circumstances
 The background against which
the process takes place.
 Circumstance is realized by
adverbial
groups,
prepositional
phrases
or
nominal groups.


Clause as process, participants and circumstances

Exampl
e

The lion

Semanti
c roles

Participant Process

Lexicogramma
r

Nominal
group

chased

Verbal
group

the
tourist

lazily

through the
bush

Participant Circumstance Circumstance

Nominal
group

Adverbial
group

Preposition
al phrase

Outline
I. Metafunctions
II.
Ideational
metafunction
and
its
realization through the transitivity system
1. Ideational metafunction
2. Transitivity system
3. The realisations of ideational
metafunction
through
the
transitivity system
3.1. Process and participants
3.2. Other participant functions
3.3. Circumstances

4. Questions


Process types


3. The realizations of ideational
metafunction through the
transitivity system
3.1. Process and participants

3.1.1. Material process
3.1.2. Mental process
3.1.3. Relational process


3.1.1.Material Processes


Definition



Structure



Example



Types



Properties