Nghiên cứu trích ly Polyphenol từ củ Hà thủ ô đỏ (Polygonum multiflorum thunb.) và ứng dụng trong thực phẩm

THE JOINT ACADEMIC PROGRAM OF EXECUTIVE MASTER IN
SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT
BETWEEN INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY OF HOCHIMINH CITY
AND LIÈGE UNIVERSITY

LE MINH THANH

EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF
WASTEWATER TREATMENT METHODS ON
EFFLUENT PARAMETERS IN BIEN HOA
I INDUSTRIAL ZONE

Major: EXECUTIVE MASTER IN SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF
THE ENVIRONMENT

MASTER’S THESIS

HOCHIMINH CITY, 2018


INTRODUCTION
1. The reason for choosing the topic
The river basin is the geographic area in which all water sources (surface water,
groundwater, rainfall, etc…) flow naturally to rivers or streams, which are limited
by dividing lines. Therefore, the river basin is an important part, directly affecting
surface water. The river basin acts as a gateway to the waterways, so that objects
from the basin as well as neighboring areas can flow into the river. That is why the
watershed can have a detrimental effect on the ecosystem, just like human activities
such as industrial waste and residential waste.
A particular, Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone is located in the Dong Nai river basin. This
is one of the industrial parks formed very early in 1963, with a total area of about

335 hectares. The location of the industrial zone is adjacent to the Cai River, a
branch of the Dong Nai River. If pollution control of Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone is
not sufficient, this will directly affect the quality of the environment and the
ecosystem area in Dong Nai river basin.
Bien Hoa I Industrial Park is adjacent to An Binh Residential Area, Bien Hoa I
Industrial Zone which has a great influence on socio-economic development in the
locality. The combination of risks from residential areas and industrial zones makes
the environmental quality of this area is likely to decline dramatically. In addition,
because of this industrial park has been formed for a long time, so far production
technology has been downgraded and backward is one of the risks are alarming.
Although the infrastructure has been upgraded several times for this project. There
have been years, this area has been a source of alarm for the environmental water
pollution that is at risk from industrial activity
Some experts said that to solve pollution in the Dong Nai river basin, especially in
the Cai river basin, the pollutants must be monitored more tightly. Therefore, it is
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necessary to have timely research, not to continue the untreated wastewater
discharge, directly into the environment as existing in some areas, need to take
measures to check and handle Industrial zone polluting water sources.
The research on "Examination of the effects of wastewater treatment methods in
Bien Hoa I industrial zone" is needed to support pollution control and
environmental quality management at Dong Nai river basin, due to activities of
Bien Hoa I industrial park.
2. Objectives of the study
Assessment of waste water status in Bien Hoa I Industrial Zone through monitoring
indicators.
Forecast trend of pollutant load in waste water in Bien Hoa Industrial Zone I
Proposing solutions to control and minimize pollution of wastewater treatment in

Bien Hoa Industrial Zone I
3. Object and scope of the study
3.1 Object
Wastewater norms of Bien Hoa I Industrial Zone.
Load of industrial waste discharge
3.2 Scope
Bien Hoa I Industrial Zone
4. The methodology
Collect information, data
Comparison with standard and status
Statistics, calculate the load parameters
5. The meaning of the topic
5.1 Scientific meaning
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The results of the study show the ecological environment of the river basin,
supplementing the literature at home and abroad for other studies. Data citation as
well as references help preserve statistics for reference works on river ecosystem
ecology, as well as topics related to forecasting load trends contamination at the
industrial park.
5.2 Practical meaning
Research can be applied to support the management of Bien Hoa I Industrial Park as
well as other industrial parks that are old or relocated. Contribute to the scientific
basis and practicality of the planning plans in the case of Bien Hoa Industrial Zone I
must switch functions

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CHAPTER 1

OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH

1.1 Water pollution
The term water pollution has been used differently in various Indian Acts. Some
described it as “nuisance”, while others as negligence. “Fouling” of water was also
the way of describing as “poisoning” of water. Some acts described as rendering
water less “fit” or “not fit” for consumption by human beings and animals.
Interference with or alteration in flow of water to carry away rubbish or causing
water to be corrupted in any waterway so as to endanger, damage or render it less
useful, was another mode of explaining the term water pollution. Before the
enactment of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, almost all
the statutes, stressed upon the mode of causing pollution rather than explaining
pollution„ itself. In a simple sense, water pollution is adding of any substance to
water or the changing of water„s physical and chemical characteristics in any
way which interferes with its use for legitimate purposes. Water is colourless and
transparent substance. The polluted water means such water which contains foreign
substances in it, which alters physical, chemical or biological properties of water
rendering it unfit for use [14].
According to the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, water
pollution means such contamination of water or such alteration of the physical,
chemical or biological properties of water or such discharge of any sewage or trade
effluent or of any other liquid, gaseous or solid substance into water (whether
directly or indirectly) as may or is likely to, create a nuisance or render such water
harmful or injurious to public health or safety or to domestic, commercial,
industrial, agricultural or other legitimate uses, or the life and health of animals or
plants or of aquatic organisms [24].
The total amount of water on the earth is about 1.35 billion cubic kilometres
(3.5x1020 gallons). Over 97 percent of this quantity is in the oceans as salt water.

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The earth„s fresh water amounts to only 37 million cubic kilometres of which 80
percent occurs in polar ice caps and glaciers. The water we use comes from 50
cubic kilometres per day run off in the rivers, streams and lakes and 70 cubic
kilometres per day flow through underground reservoirs. This supply has been
constant over tens of thousands of years. Only the demand has shown a steep
increase over the last century. Due to this increase, in India the average annual
availability of water per capita has declined from 5236 cubic meters in 1951 to only
2227 cubic meters in 1991. As per estimates, this will further decline to only 1555
cubic meters by the year 2013. The population of India, which is now more than one
billion, is expected to reach a figure between 1.5 billion and 1.8 billion in the year
2050. There shall then be a requirement of 2788 billion cubic metres of water
annually in India to be above water stress zone and 1650 billion cubic metres to
avoid being water scarce country [13].
There are hundreds, perhaps thousands of pollutants whose effects are of actual and
potential concern. Their numbers increase annually as new compounds and
formulations are synthesized [18].
Several attempts have been made to group water pollutants into classes or
categories. Pollutants have been classified according to their mode of occurrence
into physical, chemical and biological pollutants [22].
Table 1.1 Classification of water pollutants [22]
Occurrence

Physical

Nature

Temperature

Turbidity

Examples

Waste neat from industry.

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Colour

Suspended

Dyes and pigments

and Silt, sand, metal pieces, rubber, wood chpis,

floating matter

Inorganic

paper, foam, scum, carcasses, sewage.
Nitrites, phosphates, chlorides, fluorides, salts
etc.

Chemical
Organic

Detergents, tar, plastic, pesticides.

Pathogenic

Bacteria, virus, nematodes, worms, protozoans.

Biological
Nuisance
organisms

Slime, mollusc, algae, Ascellus, nematodes.

1.1.1 Causes of water pollution
Rapid industrialization is a major cause of water pollution. Immediately after the
independence of Vietnam, major steps were taken in our country in its stride for
development in order to give its economy a big push. Industrialization was then
considered the most important factor that can put the country in the path of
progress. But to our utter surprise industrialization along with development brought
with it a danger to the human civilization- the problem of environmental pollution.
Alongside with industrialization, population dynamics changed with a steep
increase in density population and the intense development of big cities which gave
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rise to increased domestic pollution and also increased agricultural pollution as food
production had to match the raising needs of the population.
1.1.2 Sources of water pollution
The sources of water pollution are innumerable. Major sources can be found in
practically every variety of industrial, municipal and agricultural operations
Industrial waste or trade effluent includes any liquid or solid substance, which is
discharged from any premises used for carrying on any industry, operation or
process or treatment and disposal system other than the domestic sewage. It is a

common practice that a large number of industries, which are located on the banks
of rivers, discharge their effluent into the river and thus pollute the river water.
Industrial effluents contain, inter alia, mercury, lead, cadmium and copper etc.,
which are harmful to the aquatic animals.
1.1.3 Effects of water pollutant
Justice

V.R.

Krishna

Iyer

once

remarked

that,

―the

unconscionable

industrialisation, the unpardonable deforestation and the inhuman extermination of
living species betray an exploitative brutality and anti-social appetite for profit and
pleasure which is incompatible with humanism and conservationism. Today a bath
in Yamuna and Ganga is a sin against bodily health, not a salvation for the soul, so
polluted and noxious are these holy waters now [29].
When our population was limited, water supplies seemed endlessly renewable. We
could then afford to foul one water source, abandon it, and move on to another.

This, however, is no longer possible since the exponential growth rates of human
population have already reduced the availability of water to below its per capita
availability. Consequently, any further expansion of human activity will depend not
only on how well we are able to prevent the loss and contamination of the available
water resources, but also how sustainably we use what we have. Polluted water also

15


poses a serious health hazard to communities living nearby, and which depend on
that source for most of their activities.
Water pollution can cause both immediate and long-term health effects. Acute
effects occur within hours or days of the time that a person consumes a contaminant
[30]. People can suffer acute health effects from almost any contaminant if these are
exposed to extraordinarily high levels. In drinking water, microbes such as bacteria
and viruses are the contaminants with greatest chance of reaching levels high
enough to cause acute health effects [27].
Besides the potential hazard contamination of surface waters can pose to human
health, a more direct and significatnt problem is the hazard they pose to aquatic
ecosystems, including the risks to the ecosystemic services these ecosystems play
for human societies (like e.g. providing food through fisheries, recreational services,
providing irrigation water for agriculture,…)
We can thus say that pollution of water is a very serious issue and has grave
implications for the human beings. In fact, the very survival of human beings is
dependent on availability of pollution free water with the passage of time, there has
been a huge growth in the population levels and the same has led to
industrialization, urbanisation etc. thereby putting immense pressure on the
available natural resources. The increasing population has also results in demand for
more food grains, which in turn has resulted in extensive use of fertilizers and
pesticides. This excessive use of pesticides, once a passage of time, along with

industrialisation and urbanisation has led to increase in water pollution level. We
have to act and control this menace before it is too late.
1.2 Overview of Status of industrial environment managementin the world and
VietNam
1.2.1 On the world
"Sustainable Development" was the goal of all mankind in the 21st century as the
Global Environment Conference held in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) in June 1992 with
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the participation of more than 170 heads of state. In order to achieve the above
objectives, many countries have to apply various integrated measures, including
management, technology, economy, education and training, and environmental
awareness in order to limit the harmful effects caused by socio-economic activities
of people in general and of production and business in particular.
The problem of environmental pollution in manufacturing facilities is addressed and
resolved in most developed countries (USA, Japan, Canada, UK, Singapore,
Taiwan, Korea...) and some countries are developing (Thailand, India, Malaysia...).
Many technological measures have been applied to reduce pollution such as:
-

Cleaner production solutions

-

Waste water treatment technology: mechanical, chemical, chemical,
biochemical and biological methods.

-

Waste gas treatment technology: dry methods (settling chamber, cyclone,
sleeve filter, electrostatic filter, etc.), wet methods (absorption, oxidation
reduction ...).

-

Solid waste treatment technology: burying, cleaning, chemical, biological,
reuse ...

In addition to technological measures, many integrated solutions are also applied to
reduce pollution at production facilities such as:
-

Use economic tools.

-

Use of coercive measures.

-

Use educational measures, raise environmental awareness.

-

Use appropriate planning measures.

Use administrative measures (eg closure) or relocation of polluting facilities
17

Under the "Industrial Pollution Reduction Program" implemented by the New
Jersey Environmental Protection Agency in 2002, steps to reduce environmental
pollution in industrial facilities include:
-

Understand pollution prevention

-

Establish a pollution prevention policy.

-

Establish a pollution prevention team.

-

Identify processes and sources of pollution

-

Audit production process

-

Find and analyze options for environmental pollution prevention

-

Develop a plan to reduce environmental pollution

-

Establish goals

-

Action Plan Summary

-

Monitoring and reporting progress

-

Update data regularly

The World Health Organization (WHO) Water Pollution Control (1997) report
shows that the principles that need to be taken to reduce water pollution from
industrial activities include:
-

Prevent waste from the production process

-

Dispose of waste before discharging into the receiving water or discharging
into the wastewater treatment system of the area to minimize the costs
incurred.

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The World Bank's industrial pollution mitigation project was implemented in India
between 1994 and 2002 with the aim of supporting the implementation of the
Government's policy on pollution prevention and promoting cost-effectiveness.
Waste matters from industrial sources. The project will focus on the most polluting
industries, and consists of three components: (a) policy institutions; (b) investment
capital; and (c) technical assistance. Institutional and policy components are
designed to support the enhanced water pollution control program. The investment
component is designed to assist small business projects to prevent environmental
pollution, with a focus on minimizing waste and applying cleaner production
methods. The technical support components are designed to support: (i)the
establishment of a clean technology organization network; (ii)expanded services to
identify waste minimization and disposal methods for small-scale industries; (iii)
pre-investment research; and (iv)provide financing for training and consulting
services, including training requirements for the preparation of industry
environmental reports.
1.2.2 In Viet Nam
In Vietnam there have been many studies on environmental protection in the
Industrial Park, some case studies:
Lam Minh Triet et al. (1999) developed a draft regulation on environmental
protection in the Industrial Park on the basis of evaluating the current state of
development, current status and environmental changes in industrial zones,
environmental protection measures of industrial parks, environmental protection
measures of factories in industrial parks in Vietnam. Based on the research results
of the project, state management agencies have issued circulars on environmental
protection for industrial zones.
The topic of "Research on building a unified environmental management system in

the Industrial Park" by the Center for Environmental Technology and Management
(2004) has proposed models of environmental management systems for The
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industrial parks in Vietnam include the Eco-Industrial Zone and the Industrial Park.
In addition, the project also proposed a model of environmental management
system of the Industrial Park in the direction of waste treatment at 2 levels: (1)
factory and (2) industrial zone. Support for environmental management The
Industrial Park has the tools: analysis; act; and information.
Le Thi Hong Tran et al. (2010) carried out initial research on ecological and health
risk assessment for industrial parks in Ho Chi Minh City. The study focused on the
ecological risk assessment of industrial wastewater and health hazards from air
pollution to workers limited in Vinh Loc Industrial Park and Tan Thoi Hiep
Industrial Park. Quantitative risk assessment (risk quotient) and HQ (hazard
quotient) methods are used in ecological risk assessment and health. In addition, the
risk matrix is also used in ecological risk assessment for industrial wastewater with
surface water. The risk assessment results indicate which areas are high, medium
and low risk of industrial wastewater for the environment and compare the risks in
industrial zones with and without water treatment system. concentrated waste.
The National Environment Report 2009 shows that the development of IZs in
Vietnam is facing significant challenges in terms of environmental pollution caused
by waste, sewage and industrial emissions. These challenges, if not dealt with well,
could cause environmental disasters and climate change that seriously affect the
lives and health of people now and in the future, destroying achievements. industry
in particular and economic development and social progress in general in Vietnam
in recent years. Nai river basin and Nhue-Day river has been implemented in order
to minimize environmental pollution and promote industrial development towards
sustainable development in Vietnam. Strengthen institutional and technical capacity
and mobilize active and active participation of communities in monitoring and

enforcing the law on environmental protection, especially in the industrial park
environment. Dong Nai and Nhue - Day rivers

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In summary, many measures have been taken to protect the environment of the
Industrial Park: to build models of eco-industrial parks and environmentally
friendly industrial parks; Waste treatment technologies (waste water, waste gas,
waste); waste audit; cleaner production; Promulgating regulations, regulations and
circulars on environmental protection in industrial parks; Apply economic tools in
the management of waste sources; .... In general, to reduce environmental pollution
in industrial parks, a combination of various measures, including both civil and nonstructural solutions, is required.

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1.3 Overview of the geographical area around Bien Hoa Industrial Zone
1.3.1 Natural conditions in Dong Nai province

Figure 1.1 Map of Dong Nai province [8]
Dong Nai is a province in the Southeast, with 11 subordinate administrative units,
total natural area of the province is 5897.75 km2. The topography of Dong Nai
Province consists of plain terrain, rolling hills and low mountain terrain.

22


The river system of Dong Nai is rather thick. The main river network in the Dong
Nai river basin includes La Nga River, Be River, Sai Gon River and Vam Co River.

Figure 1.2 The network of major rivers in the Dong Nai river basin [8]
Dong Nai River is influenced by the semi-diurnal regime up to two times, so
salinity intrusion, especially the Thi Vai River, has a salinity of up to 28.4 ‰.
1.3.2 Socio-economic impact on the environment
1.3.2.1 Economic
In the period 2011-2015, the gross domestic product (GRDP) in the province has
increased by 12%/year on average, of which industry and construction have
increased by 12.2%; services by 14.4%; agriculture, forestry and fishery 3.5% on a
yearly average [1]. Dong Nai's economy has shifted from being based mainly on
agriculture and a few industries to a multi-sector economy with a key structure of
industry and construction and service.
The rapid and intense development of the industry lead to the problem of
environmental pollution, especially the problem of untreated industrial wastewater
23


discharged directly into the environmentin the Dong Nai river area. It is one of the
major challenges for the sustainable development of the province.
1.3.2.2 Population
The population of Dong Nai Province by the end of 2015 is 2,905,850, an increase
of 265,610 persons compared to 2011. Of which, the total urban population is
1009,260 people (34.73%), the rural population is 1,896,590 people (65.27%).
Thus, the urban population has increased gradually over the years from 2011
(33.68%) to 2015 (34.73%) causes include the increase of natural population and
increase of population mechanics. Increasing population has led to some
environmental problems such as:
Overexploitation depletes natural resources, severely affecting the ecosystem.
Generate large sources of pollutants that pollute environmental components such as
soil, water and air. The total volume of domestic wastewater in the province is

about 190,000 m3/day, the volume of solid waste about 2,605 tons/day, and local
pollution has been dectected in the air in the area around the industrial areas .
The rise of urban population and the formation of large cities and megacities make
the urban environment at risk of severe degradation. The supply of clean water,
houses and trees can not meet the population growth, contributing to pollution of
the air environment, water environment and pressure on solid waste collection and
management.
1.3.2.3 Industry
The industrial production value in the province in 2015 is estimated at VND
586,105 billion (compare to2010), up 12.5% over 2014 and 1.6 times higher than
the year 2011 (365.184 billion dong). The average growth rate in 2011-2015 is 12%
of year.

24


Figure 1.3 Comparative chart of industrial production value [8]
On the comparative price of 1994, industrial production value in the province in
2015 is estimated at 206,500 billion VND, up 13.5% over 2014 and twice as much
compared to 2010. The average period of 2011-2015 is 15% (target growth of 16%
per year). It is lower than the target but higher than the national average.
Industrial restructuring
The state sector gradually reduced its share (from 8% in 2010 to 5% in 2015),
mainly due to the equitisation of its head office and the increase in the share of
foreign investment (from 80.4% in 2010 to 84.4% in 2015); The composition of
non-state sector was stable (about 11%).
In the structure of industry, the value is concentrated in processing and
manufacturing (over 98%) with the following industries: industrial food processing
agricultural products (30%); Textile, garment and footwear (27%); Mechanical
engineering, metallurgy (17%); Chemical and rubber (15%) Electricity - electronics

(10%) Figure 1.4.

25


2%

Food processing
agricultural products

10%

Textile, garment and
footwear

30%
13%

Mechanical
engineering, metallurgy
Chemical and rubber

17%

Electricity - electronics
28%

Other

Figure 1.4 Distribution of industry groups in the industry structure [8]

In the period 2011 - 2015, the agricultural and food processing industry; Textile,
garment, footwear, mechanics, metallurgy, chemicals and rubber saw a good growth
rate (12-13% / year on average) Particularly, the electricity and electronics industry
grew at a low rate (about 5% / year on average), mainly due to the decrease in
Fuzitsu's product output due to competition and reduced orders.
The main industrial products of the province in this period are ready-made
garments, textile fabrics, footwear of all kinds, iron and steel, animal feed, poultry,
candy, sweeteners, fertilizer , plant protection drugs, electric and electronic products
(TV, air conditioner, refrigerator, washing machine, computer ...) spare parts
mechanical equipment.
With the number of 12,200 establishments in 2010, it is expected to increase to
13,700 establishments in 2015, an average increase of 2.4% / year, the
corresponding number of employees is 463,600 and 675,900 (2015) increase on
average 7% year.
In the period of 2011-2015, Dong Nai province has attracted about 300 foreign
invested projects and increased capital of 339 projects with the total capital of USD
26


6,360.08 million (USD 2,776.89 million newly registered capital and US $ 3,583.19
million in additional capital). The industrial sector has 228 projects, accounting for
77.3% of the total number of projects attracted (including 07 high technology
industrial projects, 85 supporting industrial projects )
There are 31 IZs in the province, of which 29 are in operation, 73% of land is
occupied, and industrial zones in the province attract 1,342 projects invested by
domestic and foreign enterprises. Of which, there were 973 FDI projects in 40
countries and territories with a total capital of USD 17.7 billion and 369 domestic
projects with total capital of VND 43 thousand billion. Attracting investment in
recent years in Dong Nai Industrial Zones has reached and surpassed $ 1 billion. In
2014, attracting USD 1.5 billion and over VND 4 trillion.

According to data reported by the end of 2014, the total number of Vietnamese
workers in Dong Nai Industrial Zones is 441,948, of which 278,733 are female. In
terms of industry structure, textiles and footwear are the most labor-intensive
(54%); followed by mechanics (9%); wood processing (8%); plastic and chemical
(7%); electricity, electronics (6%), etc. In terms of labor structure, the majority of
the labor force in the province (60.4%). Regarding gender structure, the percentage
of female workers is higher (61%). Workers at FDI enterprises (accounting for
92%).

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1.3.4 Overview of Bien Hoa I Industrial Zone
1.3.4.1 Geographical features of Bien Hoa I Industrial Zone

Figue 1.3 Bien Hoa Industrial zone I & II [8]
Bien Hoa I Industrial Park (purple zone) is located in An Binh Ward, Bien Hoa
City, Dong Nai Province, about 5km from the center of Bien Hoa City and 30km
from Ho Chi Minh City. Bien Hoa I Industrial Park has the following contiguous
areas:
- The North borders on the residential area of An Binh ward
- In the East and Southeast, it borders on National Highway 1-Hanoi Highway
(green way)
- In the West and West, it borders on Cai River (Dong Nai River Branch)
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Bien Hoa I Industrial Zone is characterized by tropical monsoon and humid tropical
climate, divided into two distinct seasons: the rainy season (from May to October)
and the dry season (from November to April of the following year). Average annual

temperature is 26.7oC, average humidity is 78.9%, average rainfall is from 1,6001,800 mm/year.
Main wind direction varies with the season: in the dry season, the dominant wind
from the north moves gradually east, south-east and south; In the rainy season, the
main winds are in the southwest and south.
Bien Hoa I Industrial Zone has relatively complicated terrain, mainly slope eastwest. The highest area (at the intersection between the 1st and 3rd roads) is about
40m, the lowest area (along the Cai river and Dong Nai river) is about 1m above sea
level.
The Dong Nai River flows through Bien Hoa City about 10 km long, divided into
branches besides forming Hiep Hoa Island.
The hydrological regime of the Dong Nai River depends on the semi-diurnal regime
of the East Sea and directly affects the river system in the area.
Bien Hoa I Industrial Park is located along the Cai River with the other side is Hiep
Hoa Island, just along the National Highway 1 adjacent to the commercial center.
Vung Tau Crossing is an important link in connecting the functional areas of Bien
Hoa city.
1.3.4.2 Situation of infrastructure investment in Bien Hoa I Industrial Zone
Bien Hoa I Industrial Zone covers an area of 335 ha, including: area for lease of
248.48 ha; occupied 100% leased area, the remaining area is 68.52 ha; accounting
for 25.82% of the total area of the industrial park, of which the area planted to trees
is 51.49 hectares; accounting for 15.37% of the total area of the IZ.

29


Rainwater drainage: It is built separately from the sewage collection system. The
construction work of the rainwater sewers was conducted by Sonadezi Corporation
in parallel with the construction of internal roads.
Waste water collection and treatment system:
The sewage collection sewage was built and put into operation to collect all waste
water of all enterprises in Bien Hoa Industrial Zone I.

The majority of wastewater generated from enterprises in Bien Hoa I Industrial
Zone is directed to the wastewater treatment plant in Bien Hoa II Industrial Zone,
which has a capacity of 8000m3 / day and night. In addition, some facilities have
their own waste water treatment systems and are licensed for discharge directly in
the river after their effluent is treated in their own water treatment plants, some of
which have their own waste water treatment systems pending discharge and a very
small fraction of facilities discharge their wastewaters directly to the environment
without any treatment system.
1.3.4.3 Labor in Bien Hoa I Industrial Zone
According to a periodical report on the labor situation of the management board of
industrial zones in Dong Nai province by 9/2015, the Bien Hoa I industrial zone has
26,314 employees, of which the number of FDI workers is 6,871, the number of
employees in Vietnamese projects is 19,443 [8]
About the age of laborers: Mainly from 30 years of age due to the characteristics of
Bien Hoa Industrial Park I have many enterprises have been operating for a long
time, workers have many years stick and work there.
1.3.5 History of establishment and development of IPs
Bien Hoa I Industrial Park was established more than 50 years ago (1963) with the
name Bien Hoa Industrial Park, also considered as the oldest industrial park in
Vietnam.
30


By the end of 4/1975, Bien Hoa had 62 factories in operation, 26 were under
construction and 7 were in the design phase.
After 1975 Bien Hoa Industrial Zone was renamed Bien Hoa I Industrial Zone 1.
Bien Hoa Industrial Zone I continued to expand and expand in terms of size and
type of business.
Most of the factories in Bien Hoa I Industrial Park are operating with adequate
facilities, factories, land from taking over the factories that were built earlier. Some

plants innovate technology and replace the old, obsolete equipment and lines, the
remaining factories are not financially able to renovate the equipment technology.
Since they have formed and developed for many years, factories have inherited the
material facilities of the previous entreprises, so the factory system and factories do
not follow the current planning. In addition, the land use has not been thoroughly
cleaned, there is a large area of vacant land in the factories and no use, leading to
waste of resources.
In 2000 the Prime Minister also signed the decision to invest in upgrading the
technical infrastructure of Bien Hoa I Industrial Zone with the goal of improving
Bien Hoa Industrial Zone I with a complete synchronous technical infrastructure.
Innovative enterprises in novate technology to improve the environmental pollution
in this area. However, when the project was completed, the goal was to set up a
technical infrastructure system and move people out of industrial land, while
environmental pollution only improved a little.
As of 12/2015, Bien Hoa I Industrial Zone has grown strongly. There are 107
enterprises with 116 establishments, of which 84 enterprises rent land infrastructure
of Sonadezi and 23 enterprises rent warehouse:
- Enterprises are deploying: 1 enterprise (joint venture Nippovina)

31


- Operated enterprises: 90 enterprises with 97 establishments, including 83
production enterprises, Sonadezi Industrial Park Development Corporation, 2016,
the project of remedying environmental pollution and transforming the functions
of Bien Hoa Industrial Zone 1 is not in production but only in offices, warehouses,
factories and land.
- Enterprise does not work: there are 16 enterprises with 18 establishments have
now ceased operation.
1.3.6 Industries, enterprises in the industrial zone

The enterprises in Bien Hoa Industrial Zone 1 have a diversified business model,
including the production of animal feed, food (mainly noodles, vegetable oil,
confectionery, milk, sugar, coffee ...) to products from plastic, rubber, packaging,
wood, wool, yarn, brick, cement, mechanical workshops, metal molding, electronic
components production chemicals... (Specifically presented in Table 3.1).

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