Giáo trình Anh văn chuyên ngành (Nghề: Kế toán doanh nghiệp - Cao đẳng) - Trường CĐ Nghề Việt Đức Hà Tĩnh

ỦY BAN NHÂN DÂN TỈNH HÀ TĨNH
TRƯỜNG CAO ĐẲNG NGHỀ VIỆT - ĐỨC HÀ TĨNH

GIÁO TRÌNH
Mơn học: Anh văn chun ngành
Nghề: Kế tốn doanh nghiệp
Trình độ: Cao đẳng
Tài liệu lưu hành nội bộ

Năm 2017


MỤC LỤC
Tên bài

Trang

UNIT 1: WHAT IS ACCOUNTING?
I. Vocabulary

1

II. Reading

1

III. Word- study

4

IV. Grammar

4
UNIT 2: SAVING BANKS

I. Vocabulary

6

II. Reading

8

III. Word- study

11

IV. Grammar

12
UNIT 3: TAXATION

I. Vocabulary

16

II. Reading

16

III. Word- study

18

IV. Grammar

19
UNIT 4: THE BALANCE SHEET

I. Vocabulary

22

II. Reading

23

III. Word- study

24

IV. Grammar

25

UNIT 5: THE ACCOUNTING DEPARTMENT
I. Vocabulary

30

II. Reading

32

III. Word- study

35

IV. Grammar

35
TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO


UNIT 1: WHAT IS ACCOUNTING?

I. Vocabulary
- accounting

- works as an accountant (nghề kế tốn, cơng việc kế tốn)

- finacial
accounting

- Kế tốn tài chính

- management
accounting

= managerial accounting (kế tốn quản trị)
management accounting applies to the decision need of managers,

as oppose to the decision need of investors and creditors

- tax accounting - kế toán thuế
- obligation

- constraining power of a law, duty, contract, etc….(.trách nhiệm,
nghĩa vụ pháp lý)

- entity

- things’ existence in itself (sự tồn tại của một vật)

- community

- a group of people living in the same local or having same religion
(cộng đồng)

- economic
community

- cộng đồng kinh tế

- tax return

- giấy khai thuế
Statements of any capital gains, inheritances,…etc. are also
required in the return

- tax burden

- amount of tax suffered by an individual or organisation (gánh
nặng thuế khóa)

- scholorship

- award of money (học bổng)

- to accomplish

- one's aim, a task (hoàn thành tốt)

- perspective

- (n) viễn cảnh, (adj): có tỉ lệ

- to conform

- (cause to) fit, suitable with (làm cho phù hợp, thích ứng)

- to anticipate

- deal with or use before due time (xử lý trước, dùng trước kỳ hạn)

II. Reading:
Some people think of accounting as a highly technical field which is practised
only professional accountants. Actually, nearly everyone practises "accounting" in one
form or another on an almost daily basis. Accounting is simply the means by which we
Page 1

measure and describe the results of economic activities. Whether you are managing a
business, making investments, preparing your income tax return, or just paying your
phone bill, you are working with accounting concepts and accounting information.
Accounting is often called the "language of business" because it is so widely used in
describing all types of business activities. Every investor, the manager, and business
decision maker needs a clear understanding of accounting terms and concept if he or
she is participate and communicate effectively in the business community.
But the use of accounting information is not limited to the business world. We
live in an era of accountability. An individual must account for his or her income and
must file income tax returns. Often an individual must supply personal accounting
information in order to qualify for a loan, to obtain a credit card, or to qualify for a
college scholarship. The federal government, the states, the cities, and the school
districts all use accounting information as the basis for controlling their resources and
measuring their accomplishments. Accounting is just as important to the successful
operation of a government, a social program, or a church as it is to a business
organization.
The study of accounting should not be limited to students majoring in
accounting or finance. Everyone who engages in economic activity - which means
everyone - will benefit from understanding the nature, significance, and limitations of
accounting information.
Types of accounting information
Just as there are many types of economic decisions, there are many types of
accounting information. The terms financial accounting, management accounting, and
tax accounting often are used in describing the types of accounting information most
widely in the business community.
Financial accounting - general purpose: Information financial accounting
refers to information describing the financial resources, obligations, and activities of
an economic entity (either an organization or an individual). Accountants use the term
financial position to describe an entity's financial resources and obligations at one
point in time, and the term results of operations to describe its financial activities

during the year.
Financial accounting infornation is designed primarily to assist investors and
creditors in deciding where to place their scarce investment resources. Such decisions
are important to society, as they determine which companies and industries will
receive the financial resource necessary for growth, and which will not.
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However, many other decision makers also make use financial accounting
information. A company's managers and employees constantly need such information
in order to run and control daily business operations. For example, they need to know
the amount of money in the company's bank accounts, the types and quantities of
merchandise in the company's warehouse, and the amounts owed to specific creditors.
Financial accounting information also is used in income tax returns. In fact, financial
accounting information is often used for so many different purposes that is often called
"general - purpose" accounting information.
Management accounting: management accounting involves the development
and interpretation of accounting information intended specifically to aid management
in running the business. Managers use this information in setting the company's
overall goals, evaluating the performance of departments and individuals, deciding
whether to introduce a new line of products and in making virtually all types of
managerial decisions.
Such "management accounting" information is financial in nature, but has been
organized in a manner relating directly to the decision at hand. However, management
accounting information often includes evaluations of "nonfinancial" factors, such as
political and environmental considerations, product quality, customer satisfaction, and
work productivity.
Tax accounting: The preparation of income tax returns is a specialised field
within accounting. To a great extent, tax returns are based upon management
accounting information. However, the information often adjusted or reorganized to

conform with income tax reporting requirements.
The most challenging aspect of tax accounting is not the preparation of an
income tax return, but tax planning. Tax planning means anticipating the tax effects of
business transactions and structuring these transactions in a manner that will minimize
the income tax burden.
Comprehension/ interpretation
1. What is accounting?
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
2. What are the types of accounting information?

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..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
3. What does Financial Accounting refer to?
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
4. What does Management Accounting involve in?
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
5. What is Tax Accounting?
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................

III. Word- study
Complete the gaps with one of the words from this box
dumping, competitive, employment, quotas, competition, employ, unemployment
1. People are worried about the rise in ...................
2. The new factory has provided opportunities of ..................... for loacal people
3. Government ...........................limit the import of luxury cars to just 200 each year.
4. We can't compete with their prices, they must be .................. their goods to put us
out of business.
5. Our prices are no longer ........................., we have to cut costs somehow
IV. Grammar
1. must, have to, don't have to
We use must and have to to express obligation or necessity
* Have to
- To talk about duties or responsibilities
Eg:

I have to check the mail in the morning and welcome visitors to the office

- to indicate an absence of obligation or necessity
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Eg:

I don't have to pay the invoice until next month

- behaves a full verb
Eg:

He has to stay late today

* Must
- for order we give to ourselves
Eg:

We must pay these bills straight away

- for strong commendations
Eg:

You must get the new model, it's so much faster

Remember: there is no past or future from of Must, so use have to
Eg:

He must send it. He had to send it. He will send it

- to prohibit something
Eg:

You mustn't interupt her while she's on the phone

2. Practice:
Complete these sentences with must or have to (in its correct form)
1. I'm sorry I couldn't come yesterday. I .............. work late
2. Tom may ..............go away next week
3. The government really ..................... do something about unemployment.
4. I ................ write to Ann. I haven't written to her for ages
5. You ................ forget what I told you. It's very important
6. I ................. wear a suit to work but I usually do

7. I don't want anyone to know. You ............... tell anyone what I said.

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UNIT 2: SAVING BANKS
I. Vocabulary
1. Vocabulary
- manager

- person who directs or conducts the operations of a bank
(người quản lý ngân hàng)

- paycheck

- check for salary given by an employer to someone for him (chi
phiếu trả lương)

- window

- the place where bank customers come to give money to or get
money from a teller (nơi rút, nhận tiền)

- to deposit

- to put money into bank (gửi tiền vào ngân hàng)

- to withdraw

- to take money out of the bank (rút tiền khỏi ngân hàng)

- a deposit

- money that a customer puts into the bank (tiền gửi)

- a withdrawal

- money that a customer takes out of the bank (tiền rút về)

- a depositor

- a customer of a bank who has an account there (người có tài
khoản)

- a slip

- a bank form used to order a deposite or withdrawal when filled
out by the customer (phiếu chứng từ, biên lai)

- teller

- the person who receives and give out money in a bank (thủ quỹ
ngân hàng, nhân viên giao dịch)

- to endorse

- to write one’s name on the back of a check in order to cash or
deposit it (ký hậu vào hối phiếu, chi phiếu)

- passbook

- A small book that records a depositor’s account. It shows her
deposit, withdrawals and interest payment by the bank (sổ tiết
kiệm)

- account

- a statement or record of money that the bank owns a depositor. A
record of a depositor’s deposits and withdrawals (tài khoản)

- a savings

- money left in the bank that draws interest (tài khoản tiết kiệm)

account
- a joint
account

- an account shared by two (or more) depositors (tài khoản liên
hợp)
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- a term - an account in which the depositor agrees not to withdraw his
deposit account money for a period of time (tài khoản tiền gửi định kỳ)
- to open an
account

- to begin depositing one’s money in a bank (mở tài khoản)

- to close an
account

- to withdraw all of one’s money from the bank (khóa sổ một tài
khoản, đình chỉ một giao dịch)

- interest

- payment by the bank for the use of a depositor’s money (tiền lãi)

- party

- one of the people interested in a contract; one of the depositors in
a joint account (bên ký hợp đồng)

- delay

- slowness, lateness (trả chậm)

2. Extension
- to fill out

- to write necessary information (viết những thông tin cần thiết)
If you want to deposit money you have to fill out a deposit slip
If want to withdraw money you have to fill out a withdrawal slip

- to sign

- to write one’s name (ghi, ký tên)
Please sign on the last line of the slip

- signature

- a person’s name written by himself (chữ ký)
The bank requests the depositor’s signature for all withdrawals

- rate

- amount or percentage (tỷ suất)
“What is current rate of interest on savings accounts?”
“The bank pays 5,5 % interest a year
Term - deposit accounts pay higher interests rates than regular
savings accounts

- computer

- An electronic machine that does difficult mathematical operations
and that has a memory (máy vi tính)
Modern banking depends on computer to perform (=to do) complex
operation

- to
accommodate

- to take care of, attend to, help (làm cho thích hợp, dung nạp)
There was a delay in accommodating the customers because the
computers broke down.
Page 7

- assets

- everything that a company or bank owns and that has value
(=worth) (tài sản)

- current assets

- assets that can be turned readily into cash (tài sản lưu động)

- fixed assets

- land, building, equipment (tài sản cố định)
The assets of our bank are over $ 10,500,000

- liabilities

- money owed by a company or bank (tài sản nợ, nợ)

- balance sheet

- a statement of a company’s assets and liabilities (bảng cân đối kế
toán, tài sản)

- to own

- to have to pay money (thiếu nợ)

- solvent

- being able to pay all money that you own (có khả năng trả nợ)

Since his firm’s assets equal the liabilities, his firm is solvent

3. Vocabulary practice: Multiple choices
Choose the best answer
1. An account that two or more people hold is a ....................
a. joint account

b. term - deposit account

c. saving account

2. In order to withdraw money the bank requires your ..................
a. depositor

b. interest

c. signature

3. The bank records all transactions of an account in the customer’s ...............
a. withdrawal slip

b. assets

c. passbook

4. Many banks work with so many different customers and accounts that
need................. to record all transactions
a. deposit slips

b. computers

c. parties

5. You have to ............... your check in order to cash it.
a. withdraw

b. endorse

c. accommodate

II. Reading:

THE BANK MANAGER SPEAKS
My name is Jane Carson and I’m the manager of a savings bank in Portland,
Oregon. My bank is open everyday from 8:30 in the morning until 4:00 in the
afternoon. On Fridays the bank remains open until 6:00 in the evening.

Page 8


Friday is our busiest day. Many people get their paychecks on Fridays and they
come in to deposit them. I find that on Fridays I have to keep six windows to open all
day long. My bank tries very hard to reduce the amount of time that customers have to
wait for service. We have many signs to remind people that they need their passbooks
for all transactions and that they must fill out their deposit or withdrawal slips
completely. If your depositors cooperate with us we can accommodate them with as
few delays as possible.
Of course, people do forget. The teller informs me that many customers still
forget to endorse their checks or try to open or close joint accounts with the signature
of only one of the parties. But I hope that my program of information for customers

will reduce such delays.
Banking has changed a lot in recent years. Computers now do much of the work
that the tellers used to do. As computers improve, they are able to accomplish more
difficult tasks and they help us serve our customers better.
Another important change in banking, especially for savings banks, are the
many different term - deposit accounts that are now available for our customers. Since
these certificates of deposit offer very high interest rates they help attract depositors to
our bank. I make sure that my staff always has the latest information about these
accounts so that they can advise our depositors correctly.
My bank is not a very large bank. The total of our current assets and fixed
assets comes to 15,550,000 dollars. I’m proud of our balance sheet. Although some
banks across the country are having difficulties, my bank has more assets and
liabilities. We are solvent and growing. The number of customers we serve has
increased this year and I expect that it will continue to grow in the future.
1. True/ False statements
a. Jane Carson’s bank closes at 3:00 P.M on Fridays
b. Fridays are very busy days at Jane Carson’s bank
c. Ms Carson has an information program for customers
d. Computers and term -deposit accounts have brought changes to banks.
e. Jane Carson’s bank has more liabilities than assets.
Answer key
a.

b.

c.

d.

2. Answer questions

Page 9

e.


a. What does a bank manger do?
............................................................................................................................
b. How many windows are open on Fridays?
............................................................................................................................
c. Why do they need so many windows on Fridays?
............................................................................................................................
d. What are some of the ways in which customers cause delay?
............................................................................................................................
e. What does a depositor have to do to open or close a joint account?
............................................................................................................................
f. Why are computers important to a bank?
............................................................................................................................
g. How do term- deposit accounts help a bank get new customers?
............................................................................................................................
h. Why does the bank manager want her staff to have the latest information on
term - deposit accounts?
............................................................................................................................
i. How much money does Jane Carson’s bank have in assets?
...........................................................................................................................
j. Why is Ms Carson hopeful about the future of her bank?
............................................................................................................................
3. Further exercise.
Make a list of the most important aspects of Jane Carson’s
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
Page
10


......................................................................................................................................
III. Word - study
1. Combination: Find words in column A have the same meaning with others in
column B.
A

B

1. percentage

a. savings

2. customer of a bank

b. joint account

3. person’s written name

c. rate

4. money owned

d. slip

5. two-party account

e. delay

6. director

f. account

7. piece of paper

g. manager

8. money in the bank

h. depositor

9. record (n)

i. signature

10. lateness

j. liabilities

Answer key:
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

2. Rewrite sentences
Rewrite sentences by replacing underlined words
Eg: Please write the necessary information on this form.
-

Please fill out this form

a. Please write your name on this slip.
............................................................................................................................
b. The bank tries to take care of all depositors.
............................................................................................................................
c. I must take out fifty dollars a day.
............................................................................................................................
d. Please sign the back of this check.
............................................................................................................................

Page
11

10.


IV. Grammar.
1. The Present Simple Tense
1.1 Form: Negative and affirmative
(-)

S + don’t/ doesn’t + V.inf. + O

Eg:

I don’t deposit money

She doesn’t have a savings account
They don’t go to the bank on Mondays
(?)

(Wh-) + do/ does + S + V.inf. + O?

Eg:

Do you fill out the deposit slip?

Does John close an account?
1.2. Practice:
Change sentences into negative and affirmative

Eg: Mary works in a bank

Mary doesn’t work in a bank

Does Mary work in a bank?
a. The company pays the fees
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
b. The secretary uses the photocopier
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
c. She studies accounting at college.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
d. The manager helps you to open an account.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
e. We send our accounts for the fees to him.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
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12


2. The Past Simple Tense
2.1. Form: Negative and affirmative
(-)

S + didn’t + V.inf. + O

Eg:

I didn’t forget to endorse the check

She didn’t withdraw any money
My brother didn’t have a good day
(?)

(Wh-) + did + S + V.inf. + O?

Eg:

Did you bring the passbook?

Did Peter get the necessary signature?
2.2. Practice:
Change sentences into negative and affirmative
Eg: Mary worked in a bank

Mary didn’t work in a bank

Did Mary work in a bank?
a. The customer deposited a lot of money
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
b. Mrs. Allen closed her account.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
c. The depositor endorsed his payback.
......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
d. Mr. Robinson’s wife signed the slip.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
e. The computers caused a delay.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
3. Sentence building
Page
13


3.1. Match column A, B, and C to make correct sentences
A

B

C

Mrs Allen

tried to

open a savings account

The tellers

wanted to

accommodate all the customers

The manager

forgot to

fill out the slip

A depositor

close two of the windows
endorse his payback

3.2. Replace “want to” by “feel like”
Eg: I want to go home

I feel like going home

a. I want to work on Saturday.
......................................................................................................................................
b. Those depositors want to see the manager.
......................................................................................................................................
c. He doesn’t want to go to the bank.
......................................................................................................................................
d. Mrs. Allen doesn’t want to wait long.
......................................................................................................................................
e. The teller wants to rest this weekend.
......................................................................................................................................
3.3. Replace “must” by “’d better” or “had better”
Eg: You must speak to the manager

You’d better speak to the manager

a. They must fix the computers.
......................................................................................................................................
b. You must open a new account.
......................................................................................................................................
c. They must accommodate all their customers.
......................................................................................................................................
d. The bank must raise their interest rates.
......................................................................................................................................
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14


e. The manager must open two more windows.
......................................................................................................................................
Further practice: Translate the reading into Vietnamese

Page
15


UNIT 3: TAXATION
I. Vocabulary
- to dissuade

- sb (from sth/ doing sth)
- to persuade or try to persuade sb not to do sth:(ngăn cản, cản trở,
can gián)

- progressive
tax

- tax in which the rate of tax in creases with increases in the tax
base. (thuế lũy tiến)

- disincentive
(n) (to sth)

- a thing that discourages an action or offer (điều làm nản lòng một
hành động hoặc một sự cố gắng)

- regressive tax

- tax levied at a rate that decreases as income increases (thuế lũy
thoái)

- perk
(perquisite)

- money or goods received in addition to salary (tiền thù lao thêm)

- loophone (n)

- a way of avoiding sth, esp, because the word of a law, contract,
...are not clear or are badly chosen. (kẽ hở)

- donation (n)

- a thing, esp. money that is donated. (vật, quà tặng, cúng)

- to disguise

- to hide sth (che giấu)
- to make sb/sth look or sound different from normal, to give sb/
sth a false appearance. (cải trang, trá hình)

II. Reading:

There is always a lot of debate as to the fairness of tax system. Business profit,
for example, are generally taxed twice: companies pay tax on their profits (corporation
tax in Britain, income tax in the USA), and the shareholders pay income tax on
dividends. Income taxes in most countries are progressive, and are one of the ways in
which governments can redistribute wealth. The problem with progressive taxes is that
the marginal rate -the tax people pay on any addition income is always high, which is
generally a disincentive to both working and investing. On the other hand, most sales
taxes are slightly regressive, because poor people need to spend a large proportion of
their income on consumption than the rich.
The higher the tax rate, the more people are tempted to cheat, but there is a
substantial “black” or “underground” economic nearly everywhere. In Italy, for
Page
16


example, self - employed people-whose income is more difficult to control than that of
company employees-account for more than half of national income. Lots of people
also have undeclared part-time jobs (some people call this ‘moonlighting’) with small
and medium - sized family firms, on which no one pays any tax or national insurance.
At the end of 1996, the Director of the Italian National Institute of Statistics calculated
the size of the underground economy, and added 16.7 % to Italy’s gross national

product (GNP) figure, and then claimed that Italy had overtaken Britain to become the
world’s fifth largest economy.
To reduce income tax liability, some employers give high-paid employees lots
of ‘perks’ (short for perquisites) instead of taxable money, such as cars, free health
insurance, and subsidized lunches. Legal ways of avoiding tax, such as these, are
known as loopholes in tax laws. Life insurance policies, pension plans and other
investments by which individuals can postpone the payment of tax, are known as tax
shelters. Donations to charities that can be subtracted from the income on which tax is
calculated are described as tax-deductible.
Companies have a variety ways of avoiding tax on profits. They can bring
forward capital expenditure (on new factories, machines, and so on) so that at the end
of the year all the profits have been used up: this is known as making a tax loss.
Multinational companies often set up their head offices in countries, where taxes are
low: such countries are known as tax havens. Criminal organizations, meanwhile, tend
to pass money through a series companies in very complicated transactions in order to
disguise its origin from tax inspectors - and the police: this is known as laundering
money.
True/ False statements
1. Taxes can be designed both to discourage and encourage spending.
2. The same amount of money can be taxed more than once.
3. Progressive tax may discourage people from working extra hours.
4. Sales taxes are unfair because poor people spend more than rich.
5. The Italian government know that about one seventh of national income escape
taxation.
6. ‘Loopholes’ are a common a form of tax evasion.
7. If you pay a lot of your income into a pension fund or a life insurance policy you
never have to pay tax on it.

Page
17

8. A company that makes an unusually large profit during a tax year might quickly
decide to spend it, for example, on a new factory or equipment.
Answer key
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

III. Grammar
1. The Present participle.
1.1: Form:

V + ing

1.2: Use:
* To form the continuous tense.
Eg: The economy is growing.

* As adjectives.
Eg: Interesting people developing country.
* The present participle can some time replace relative clauses.
Eg: The girl is taking to our Sales manager is his daughter.
* It can also replace the construction: S + V.
Eg: She sat in the garden reading a book.
Taking a key out of the pocket, John opened the door.
* After verbs of sensation (see, hear, feel, smell, listen, watch...).
Eg: I hear him making arrangement for his journey.
* After (go, come, spend waste, be busy/ catch, find, leave).
Eg: They spend a lot of money modernizing the factory.
The Marketing Manager left him taking to clients.
2: Practice:
Indicate if the following sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I). If they are
incorrect, correct them
1. We study the effect of the fall in the dollar’s value at the moment.
.........................................................................................................................................
2. The shift in relative wages will cause a shift of workers into the growing
occupations.
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18


........................................................................................................................................
3. While lived in Burma last year, I learnt many things about Burmese customs.
........................................................................................................................................
4. Lack the necessary qualifications, he was not considered for the job.
........................................................................................................................................
5. Driving to my grandparents’ house last night, we saw a young woman selling
flowers. We stop so that we could get some flowers for my grandparents.

........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
6. We didn’t have much trouble finding a suitable office.
......................................................................................................................................
7. She had a PhD and an MBA so she’s certainly very well qualify.
......................................................................................................................................
8. In my opinion, the advantage of to have a credit card is that you can pay for things
over the phone.
.......................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
9. The latest economic statistics show that both unemployment and inflation are falling
and that the economy is growing at an annual rate of 7.6%.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
10. You are wasting your time to try to persuade him: he’ll never help you.
.....................................................................................................................................
IV. Word study.
1. Match these expressions with tax to their definitions:
1 .tax avoidance

a. someone who lives in another country for tax reasons

2. tax bracket

b. to introduce a new tax on somthing

3. tax evasion

c. to make the tax go up

4. tax exempt

d. when you didn’t have to pay tax on certain income
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5. tax exile

f. trying not to pay tax (legal

6. to abolish tax

g. trying not to pay tax (illegal)

7. to impose tax

h. to cancela tax

8. to increase tax

i. tell you what amoun of tax to pay on based on in come

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

2. Choose the best answer:
1. The tax people pay on their wages and salaries is called.............................................
a. capital transfer tax

b. income tax

c. wealth tax

2. A tax on wages and salaries or company profit is a/ an…..........................................
a. direct tax

b. indirect tax

c. value-added tax

3. A tax levied at a higher rate on higher incomes is called a..........................................
a. progressive tax

b. regressive tax

c. wealth tax

4. A tax paid on property, sales transactions, imports, and so on is a/ an………………
a. value-added tax

b. direct tax

c. indirect tax

5. A tax collected at each stage of production, excluding the already-taxed costs from
previous stages, is called a/ an...........................................................................................
a. added-value tax

b. sales tax

c. value-added tax

6. Profit made by selling assets are generally liable to a .................................................
a. capital gains tax

b. capital transfer tax

c. wealth tax

7. Gifts and inheritances over a certain value are often liable to a ..................................
a. capital gains tax

b. capital transfer tax

c. wealth tax

8. The annual tax imposed on people’s fortunes is a /an ................................................
a. added-value tax

b. capital gains tax

c. wealth tax

9. Making false declaration to the tax authorities is called ..........................……………
a. fiscal policy

b. tax avoidance

c. tax evasion

10. Reducing the amount of tax you pay to a legal minimum is called ..........................
a. creative accounting

b. tax avoidance

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c. tax evasion


3. Use the words frorm the box to fill in the gaps.

bolish

bracket

breaks

exempt

exile

increase property return

1. The government needs more money, so it is planning to ……………………taxes.
2. He earns a lot of money - he must be in the highest tax ……………………………
3. She lives there because she has to - she’s a tax …………………………………….
4. They are planning to ……………………….the tax on large company cars, and
replace it with a tax on all company cars.
5. She is student, so she is tax …………………………………………………….…..
6. The government is planning introduce new tax ………………….for IT company.
7. Don’t buy a house this year- the …………….taxes are being abolished next March.
8. A tax ………………….. is the same as a tax declaration – it’s a list of income and
tax deductible expenditure for the tex authority.

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UNIT 4: THE BALANCE SHEET
I. Vocabulary
- balance (n)

- amount which makes the total credits and debits equal (số lượng
cân đối giữa có và nợ; số dư)

- frozen assets
(n)

- assets which can not be sold, usually because there is a dispute
(tài sản phong tỏa)

- intangible
assets (n)

- assets which can not be seen (such as goodwill, patents, etc..) .(tài
sản vơ hình)

- liquid assets
(n)

- cash or bills which can be easily converted into cash (tài sản dễ
thanh tiêu)

- tangible assets
(n)

- assets which can be seen .(tài sản hữu hình))

- to asset-

- buying a company in order to sell its assets (mua thanh lý tài sản

stripping

giá rẻ; tháo dỡ tài sản)

- patent (n)

- (bằng phát minh /sáng chế; quyền sở hữu)

- goodwill (n)

- good reputation of a business -intangible asset connected to
customer base, track record,etc.. (uy tín)

- split (v)

- break sth in to parts; divide or share sth (chia ra thành từng phần
;chia sẻ)

- stock (n)

- (kho hàng, trái phiếu cổ phần , chứng khoán (MỸ )

- liability

- legal obligation (trách nhiệm pháp lý)

- liabilities

- debts of a business (khoản nợ của doanh nghiệp, công nợ)

- current
liabilities (n)

- short-term debts (những khoản nợ ngắn hạn, nợ không kỳ hạn)

- deferred
liabilities (n)

- long-term debts (những khỏan nợ trả chậm, nợ kỳ hạn)

- deferred
payments (n)
- deferred
taxation (n)

- payments postpone to a later date (mua chịu / thanh toán sau)

- provision (n)

- money set aside in accounts for later use (khoản dự trữ /dự

- (đánh thuế sau )

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phòng)
- share (n)

- a small part of a company’s capital (một phần nhỏ vốn củ công ty/
cổ phần của công ty)

- premium (n)

- extra charge (tiền bù, tiền tính thêm, tiền các)

- price paid for

- (phí bảo hiểm )

insurance

- profit (n)

- money gained from doing business (lợi nhuận)

- outstanding
(adj)

- not yet paid, done, resolve, etc.. (cồn tồn đọng, chưa chi trả, chưa
giải quyết xong)

- defer (v)

- to put to a later date (để chậm lại ngày sau)

- freehold (adj)

- complete ownership of property for an unlimited period of time
(quyền sở hữu)

II. Reading:

THE BALANCE SHEET
Read the following explanation of the balance sheet. As you read it, fill in the
headings in the left -hand column of Chart 27.1:
The balance sheet is a statement of what a company owns (its assets) and what
it owes (its liabilities) at a particular time. It consists of three major sections: assets,
liabilities and equity.
These three sections are arranged differently from country to country. In the
USA and many European countries, the assets appear on the left-hand side of the page
and the liabilities on the right. In England, the three sections mentioned above are
arranged vertically.
In the balance sheet below (Chart 27.1), the fixed assets are broken down into
intangibles (such as patens and goodwill, entered in the books at a value of ₤1.5
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