Tiếng anh chuyên ngành kế toán bài 2(tr15 30)

Unit 2: Types of companies

TYPES OF COMPANIES

In this unit, we will study three most basic types of companies
including proprietorships, partnerships and limited companies.
At the end of this unit, you will be able to talk and write about
main types of companies, how they are established, what
are their similarities and differences, and the advantages and
disadvantages of each type.
Trong bài học này, chúng ta sẽ tìm hiểu về ba loại hình cơng
ty cơ bản nhất gồm công ty do một nghiệp chủ duy nhất, doanh
nghiệp hợp doanh và công ty TNHH. Sau khi kết thúc bài học
này, các bạn có thể nói và viết về các loại hình cơng ty cơ bản,
chúng được thành lập ra sao, các điểm giống và khác nhau
cũng như điểm mạnh và điểm yếu của từng loại công ty.

UNIT OBJECTIVES - MỤC TIÊU
• Provide students with the language and knowledge related to main types of companies and
company finance.
Cung cấp cho sinh viên vốn ngôn ngữ và kiến thức liên quan đến các loại hình cơng ty cơ bản
và tài chính cơng ty.
• Provide students with the language of comparison and contrast and the way of writing a
comparison and contrast essay.
Cung cấp cho sinh viên ngôn ngữ về so sánh và đối lập và phương thức viết một bài luận so
sánh và đối chiếu.
• At the end of this unit, students will be able to talk and write about main types of companies,
how they are established, what are their similarities and differences, and the advantages and
disadvantages of each type.
Sau khi kết thúc bài học này, sinh viên có thể nói và viết về các loại hình cơng ty cơ bản, chúng
được thành lập ra sao, các điểm giống và khác nhau cũng như điểm mạnh và điểm yếu của

từng loại công ty.
DURATION (9 periods) - THỜI LƯỢNG HỌC (9 TIẾT)

15


Unit 2: Types of companies

Match the words or expressions in column A with their definition in the column B.
The suggested time to do this exercise is 10 minutes.

Column A

Column B

1

Articles of co-partnership

A

Anything of value to a company. Anything which
can be sold or converted into cash.

2

Articles of incorporation

B

To break up a partnership or corporation.

3

Asset

C

The agreement telling the terms and conditions of a
partnership.

4

Bankrupt

D

5

Dissolve

E

A share of the profits of corporation which is given
to the stockholders.
The agreement telling the terms, conditions and
purposes of a corporation.

6

Dividend

F

Unable to pay ones debts and legally released from
the liability.

7

Entity

G

Debt or legal responsibility.

8

Inventory

H

Sole ownership of a small business.

9

Liability

I

10

Partnership

J

The amount of goods, merchandise or materials
on hand.
Company or a group of persons granted a charter to
do business as a separate unit with its own rights
and responsibilities.

11

Proprietorship

L

A separate unit for ownership or legal purposes.

12

Corporation

M

A business owned by two or more individuals.

Text A: Read text A below and do exercise 2.1. The suggested time for reading
the text and completing the exercise is 30 minutes.

TYPES OF COMPANIES
n business,
Ilegal forms there are many
of organization
but generally, organizations
usually belong to either public
or private sector. Organizations
in public sector are financed by
the state and they do not operate
in order to make profit but to
16

provide a public service. Examples
of public sector organizations
are schools, hospitals, libraries,
police and the national defense.
The organizations in private
sector, however, operate in
order to make profit and are
split into 2 categories: Non-

limited companies (including
proprietorship and partnership)
and limited companies. In
this lesson, we will focus on
these three basic forms of
organizations in private sector.


Unit 2: Types of companies

A

n organization of NonLimited type can be either
a proprietorship (sole trader) or
a partnership and the owner(s)
will be personally liable for
all of the debts if the business
fails. The form, which requires

the least amount of capital
and personnel, is the sole
proprietorship. Sole means
single and the proprietor is
the owner. Therefore, a sole
proprietorship is a business
owned and operated by single
person. This single person can
start a business by simply
purchasing the necessary
goods and equipment and
opening up shop. There are
very few government and legal
regulations to comply with.
The sole proprietor owns all
the business assets, makes all
the decisions, takes all the risks
and keeps all the profits of the
business. The business itself
pays no tax, but the owner

must pay personal income
taxes on his profits. If a sole
proprietor is successful, he takes
a lot of personal satisfaction
in his enterprise. If he is not
successful and he wants to
close his business and start a
new one, he simply has to sell
his inventory and equipment,
pay his bills, close up shop,
and begin a new activity.

A

partnership consists of two
or more people who share
the ownership of a business
(normally less than 20 people).
A partnership should begin
with legal agreement covering
the various aspects of the
business. Two important items
that need to be covered are
exactly which assets each
partner is contributing, as well
as how the partnership can be
changed or terminated. This
agreement is called the articles
of co-partnership. It is not as
complicated as the articles

of incorporation. However the
articles of co-partnership
indicate that the initiation of
a partnership is not as easy
as the beginning of a sole
proprietorship. Partners are
like sole proprietors because
they own all the assets, owe all
the debts, make the decisions,
and share the profits. They pay
only personal income taxes on
their share of the profits.
If each partner has a different
expertise in an important business
area, the partnership has an advantage over the sole proprietorship in managerial ability.

funds.
he limited company is very
different from both a sole
proprietorship and a partnership.
First of all, the limited company
is a legal entity that is chartered
by the state in which it is
incorporated. As a legal entity,
the limited company can own
property that is not the personal
wealth of its owners. It also
means that the limited company
can enter into business agreements
on its own. Forming a limited

company is not easy. There are
many legal procedures to follow.
A legal company raises capital
in a different way from the
proprietorship or partnership.
The ownership of the limited
company is divided into shares
of stock. One stockh older or
shareowner can buy, sell,
and trade his shares without
permission from the other
owners. A limited company can
raise large amounts of capital by
selling shares of stock. The
stockowners vote for a board of
directors who hire a president or
chief executive officer to run

T

L

imited companies can be
either privately owned
when they are referred to as
Limited (often abbreviated to
Ltd) or publicly owned (Plc).
Some Plc's can sell shares to
members of the public on the
stock exchange, unlike Ltd's

that cannot. The liability for
both Ltd's and Plc is limited.
This means that if the company
fails, the liability of the
company's shareholders is
limited to the value of the
shares and not their personal

the company. The board of
directors also decides what to
do with the company’s profits.
It usually retains part of the
profits for reinvestment in the
company and distributes the
other part to the shareholders
as dividends.
17


Unit 2: Types of companies

Unlike the sole proprietorship
and the partnership, the liability
of a company is limited to
the value of the assets of the
company. The personal wealth
of the stockholders cannot be
used to pay debts in case of
bankruptcy. Limited companies
do not operate like other forms

of business because the
ownership can be easily
transferred through stock sales.

A

s we can see in the three
types of legal organizations
discussed in this lesson, the
main differences between the
types of companies are the

ownership, ability to raise
capital, the size and continuity
of enterprise, the disposition of
profits, tax duties and the legal
obligations in the event of
bankruptcy.

Source: Text A: John Thomas French and Nguyen Thanh Yen, You are in Business, Nha Xuat ban
Ho Chi Minh, 2000.
2.1

According to text A, which of the following sentences are true (T) or false (F).
Correct the false information

Questions

T/F

1. A sole proprietorship has to comply with hardly any legal regulations.
2. If the business fails, a sole proprietorship only pays the money he invests in
the business.
3. At the beginning of a partnership, partners must agree on how much each
should contribute only.
4. A partnership is, in many ways, similar to a sole proprietorship.
5. All stockholders can decide the use of the company’s profits.
6. A limited company can own property that is not the personal wealth of its
owners.
7. When one person doesn’t want to invest into a limited company, he can
obtain his money back by selling his shares.
8. Profits of the limited company are shared among shareholders in form of
dividends.
Text B: Read text B and do exercises 2.2 and 2.3. The suggested time for
reading the text and completing the exercises is 30 minutes

PRIVATE AND PUBLIC COMPANIES

P

rivate companies usually
have “Limited” or “Ltd”
at the end of their name. They
are not allowed to sell their
stocks or shares on an open
market. Most companies are
private; there are about one
million private companies

18

in Britain, compared to
around 2000 public limited
companies (Plcs). These companies have ‘plc’ at the end of
their name, and their shares
are publicly traded on the
London Stock Exchange.


Unit 2: Types of companies

A stock exchange is a market
where anyone can buy or sell
stocks and shares. The US
equivalent of a PLC is a company
or corporation registered with
the Securities and Exchange
Commission (SEC). SECregistered companies, also
known as listed companies,
have to make quarterly reports
(i.e. every three months). They
report on:
a. Sales revenue or turnover:
the money received by the
company in that period
from selling goods or
services.
b. Gross profit: turnover less
cost of sales.

c. Net profit: gross profit
less administrative expenses
and tax.

C

ompanies on the London
Stock Exchange, known
as quoted companies, have to
produce a half-yearly interim
report which informs shareholders about the company’s
progress. These reports are
not audited.

A

ll companies with shareholders or stockholders
have to send them an Annual
Reports each financial year.
This contains a review of the
year’s activity, an examination and explanation of the
company’s financial position
and results. There are also financial statements and notes,
and the auditors’ report on
the financial statements.

Meeting (AGM), and most
private ones do too. At this
meeting, the shareholders
can question directors about

the content of the Annual Report and the financial statements, vote to accept or
reject the dividend recommended by the directors, and
vote on replacements for retiring members of the board.
The meeting can also carry
out any other business stated
in the company’s Memorandum of Association or
Certificate of Incorporation.

Public companies have to
hold an Annual General

Source: Ian Mackenzie, Profesional English in Use, Cambridge University Press.

2.2

Complete the following table

(1) ...................
companies

Public companies

can’t sell shares on
the ...............(2)

in the UK

in the US

are called

(3)............................ companies
or
(4)............................companies

are called
(6)....................................
or
(7).......................companies

produce (5)..................
reports

produce
(8)............................reports

publish an (9).................and hold an (10)..............................

19


Unit 2: Types of companies

2.3

Match the two parts of the sentences in column A and column B according to
what you read in text B

Column A

Column B

1. Only quoted or listed companies
2. American corporations publish details
3. Companies’ financial statements, and the
auditor’s report,
4. Quarterly and half - yearly reports
5. Shareholders can ask company directors
questions.
2.4

a. about their sales and profits every
three months.
b. are contained in their annual reports.
c. are not checked by external auditor
e. can have their shares traded on a stock
exchange.
f. at an annual meeting

From what you have read in text A and text B, draw a comparison of three forms
of companies by completing the following table. The suggested time for this
exercise is 20 minutes

Sole trader

Partnership Private and Public Company

Formation formalities
Legal Status
Ownership
Change of Ownership

2.4.

Control
Management
Number of members
Owners’ liability in
event of insolvency
Owners’ entitlement to
profits
Termination of the
business

3.1

You will hear Laura King describing how she got the original idea for opening
Fasta Pasta. Listen and answer the following questions

1. What was Laura King’s job when he worked for the
pizza restaurant company?
2. What kind of hours was she working at the time?
3. What observation did she make about the home
delivery market?
4. Where did she first see a takeaway pasta operation?
5. Why does Laura King call pasta ‘the ultimate fast food’?
20


Unit 2: Types of companies

3.2

Listen to Laura King’s description of the customers of the Fasta Pasta

1. What are the differences between the customers she serves (a) at lunchtime and (b) in the
evening?
2. How does he describe the average customer?
3.3

In this extract, Laura King answer the question ‘What advice would you give to
young people thinking of setting up their own business?’ Listen and complete
the following pieces of advice with the verbs which she uses

1. …………….what ever you want to do carefully
2. …………….to friends and relatives and people you know about what you want to do
3. …………….in what you’re doing
4. ……………..to people and ………….from others
5. ……………..the right sort of background

4.1

In the following sentences, try to determine the meanings of the underlined
words from the context. Select the word which most similar to the underlined
word. The suggested time to do this exercise is 5 minutes

1. The sole proprietor is liable for all the debts of his enterprise. He owns all the assets, but
he owes all the liabilities.
a. inventory
c. capital
b. proprietorship

d. debts
2. The different forms of organization are taxed differently on their profits. They also have
different legal obligations with regard to their debts in the event of bankruptcy.
a. case
c. cost
b. aspect
d. failure
3. His personal assets can be used to settle the debts.
a. wealth
c. freedom
b. capital
d. inventory
4. The article of co-partnership explains how the partnership is started and how it should be
dissolved.
a. initiated
c. ended
b. sold
d. regulated
5. Not all profits of a corporation are distributed among shareholders. The Board of Directors retains a part of the profits to increase the capital of the corporation.
a. earns
c. shares
b. distributes
d. keeps
6. Once each year the owners of the store must record their entire inventory in order to know
which merchandise they have on hand.
a. profits
c. goods
b. sales
d. transaction
21

Unit 2: Types of companies

4.2

Choose the best word to fill each gap from the alternatives given below. Put a
circle around the letter, A, B or C, of the word you choose. The suggested time to
do this exercise is 5 minutes

When I started my engineering company five years ago I had to (1)………..a lot of capital.
First, I looked around for a (2)………………and took out a loan. The (3)……………..was
£100,000 at an (4)………………..rate of 5.3%. I had to use my house for(5)……………..
so that was a big worry. Next I found ten people who wanted to (6)………………in the
business. Each one put (7)………………....£10,000 in return for 1,000 shares.
I (8)…………..12,000 shares so I am the biggest shareholder. Our total (9)…………..is
nearly a quarter of a million pounds. We paid our first (10)……………….last year but it
wasn’t very big. Now we are making a profit, we will start to reduce our (11)…………...
I don’t like carrying this much (12)…………….
1. A rise

C rose

2. A lender

B borrower C capitalist

3. A money

B balance

C principal

4. A account

B interest

C audit

5. A security

B safety

C salary

6. A lend

B borrow

C invest

7. A out

B up

C off

8. A hold

B pick

C hand

9. A gearing

B venture

C equity

10. A division B divider

C dividend

11. A borrowing B lending

5.1

B raise

C sharing

12. A capital

C collateral

B debt

Look at the following business cards. What type of business does each one
correspond to: public limited company, sole trader, partnership or private
limited company?

DISCOUNT NEW/USED
FISHING TACKLE
SPECIALIST

Tel : 0932 242377
Mobile: 0850 866136
THE
TACKLE EXCHANGE
29 Church Street
Walton-on-Thames
Surrey
Proprietor:
M J SHOFIELD

* * * *

ACCOLADE
Liz Morris
Marking Assistant
Accolade Europe Ltd.
Bowling House, Point Pleasant.
Wandsworth, London SW18 3PE

22

Tel: 081-877 0880
Fax: 081-877 3303


Unit 2: Types of companies

Jonathan Grinsted
Project System
Division

Hoskyns Group plc
Hoskyns South Bank
95 Wandsworth Road
London SWB 2LX
Telephone: 071-735 0800
D.D.I.
: 071-917 4387
Fax
: 071-917 4666

FREED STONE GOODMAN SOLICITORS

Charles Goodman
14 & 15 Craven Street, London WC2N 5AD
Telephone: 071-925 0303/071-629 4445 Fax: 071-925 0334
This firm is regulated by the Law Society in the Conduct of Investment
Business

5.2

Work in pairs. Which of the following advantages and disadvantages would
you associate with (a) a sole trader, (b) a partnership, and (c) a private limited
company?

1

Advantages
You have total control of your business.

......................................
......................................

3

This is good way of sharing the pressure and work
involved in starting a business.
The financial risks that you are taking are restricted.

4

You can increase your capital by selling shares.

......................................

Disadvantages

......................................

2

......................................

There is a danger that conflicts of personality could
ruin your business.
It may be difficult to expand.

......................................

3

You may have to sell your possession if the company
goes into debt.

......................................

4

It is complicated and expensive to set up.

......................................

1
2

5.2

......................................

Have you ever thought of opening your own business? Answer the questionnaire
and discuss your answers with partners

HOW DO YOU RATE AS AN ENTREPRENEUR?
For each of the following questions, tick the answer which comes closest to what you feel
about yourself.
1. Are you a self-starter ?

a. I only make an effort when I want to.
b. If someone explains what to do, then I can continue from there.
c. I make my own decision. I don’t need anyone to tell me what to do.
23


Unit 2: Types of companies

2. How do you get on with other people?
a. I get on with almost everybody.
b. I have my own friends and I don’t really need anyone else.
c. I don’t really feel at home with other people.
3. Can you lead and motivate others?
a. Once something is moving I’ll join in.
b. I’m good at giving orders when I know what to do.
c. I can persuade most people to follow me when I start something.
4. How do you get on with other people?
a. I like to take charge and to obtain results.
b. I’ll take charge if I have to but I prefer someone else to be responsible.
c. Someone always wants to be the leader and I’m happy to let them do the job.
5. Are you good organizer?
a. I tend to get confused when unexpected problems arise.
b. I like to plan exactly what I’m going to do.
c. I just let things happen.
6. How good a worker are you?
a. I’m willing to work hard for something I really want.
b. I find my home environment more stimulating than work.
c. Regular work suits me but I don’t like it to interfere with my private life.
7. Can you make decisions?
a. I am quite happy to execute other people’s decisions.

b. I often make very quick decisions which usually work but sometime don’t.
c. Before making a decision I need time to think it over.
8. Do you enjoy taking risks?
a. I always evaluate the exact dangers of any situation.
b. I like the excitement of taking big risks.
c. For me safety is the most important thing.
9. Can you stay the course?
a. The biggest challenge for me is getting a project started.
b. If I decide to do something, nothing will stop me.
c. If something doesn’t go right first time I tend to lose interest.
10. Are you motivated by money?
a. For me, job satisfaction cannot be measured in money terms.
b. Although money is important to me, I value other things just as much.
c. Making money is my main motivation.
24


Unit 2: Types of companies

11. How do you react to criticism?
a. I dislike any form of criticism.
b. If people criticize me I always listen and may or may not reject
what they have to say.
c. When people criticize me there is usually some truth in what they say.
12. Can people believe what you say?
a. I try be honest, but it is sometimes too difficult or too complicated to explain
things to other people.
b. I don’t say things I don’t mean.
c. When I think I’m right, I don’t care what anyone else thinks.
13. Do you delegate?

a. I prefer to delegate what I consider to be the least important tasks.
b. When I have a job to do I like to do everything myself.
c. Delegating is an important part of any job.
14. Can you cope with stress?
a. Stress is something I can live with.
b. Stress can be a stimulating element in a business.
c. I try to avoid situations which lead to stress.
15. How do you view your chances of success?
a. I believe that my success will depend to a large degree
on factors outside my control.
b. I know that everything depends on me and my abilities.
c. It is difficult to foresee what will happen in the future.
16. If the business was not making a profit after five years, what could you do?
a. give up easily
b. give up reluctantly
c. carry on
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

a=0
a=4
a=0
a=4
a=2

a=4
a=8
a=2

b=2
b=2
b=2
b=2
b=4
b=0
b=4
b=4

c=4
c=0
c=4
c=0
c=0
c=2
c=2
c=0

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.

a=2
a=0
a=0
a=2
a=2
a=2
a=0
a=4

b=4
b=2
b=2
b=4
b=0
b=4
b=4
b=2

c=0
c=4
c=4
c=0
c=4
c=9
c=2
c=0

25

Unit 2: Types of companies

44 or above
You definitely have the necessary qualities to become the director
of a successful business.
You have a strong sense of leadership, you can both organize and
motivate and you know exactly where you and your team are going.
between 44 and 22
You may need to think more carefully before setting up your own
business. Although you do have some of the essential skills for
running a business, you will probably not be able to deal with
pressures and strain that are a part of the job. You should perhaps
consider taking some professional training or finding an associate
who can compensate for some of your weaknesses.
below 22
Managing your own business is not for you. You are better suited
to an environment where you are not responsible for making
decisions and taking risks. To operate successfully you need to
follow well defined instructions and you prefer work that is both
regular and predictable.

6.1

How to write a comparison and contrast essay

I. Outlining a comparison and contrast essay
There are basically two ways in which we can write essays that involve comparison and/
or contrast.
One way is to write down all the main points about one of the subjects to be compared, then

to take all the main points about the other subject, like this:

26


Unit 2: Types of companies

The other way in which we can write essays that involve comparison and/or contrast is to take
each point in turn and contrast them immediately, like this:

I. INTRODUCTION
II. BODY
Subject 1

Subject 2

Subject 3

Paragraph 1:

Point 1

to

Point 1

to

Point 1

Paragraph 2:

Point 2

to

Point 2

to

Point 2

Paragraph 3:

Point 3

to

Point 3

to

Point 3

III. CONCLUSION

II. Language for writing
The followings are the language that are commonly used in a comparison and contrast
essay. Refer to the examples below for the way of using such words and phrases.
A. Comparison structure words

CLAUSE CONNE CTORS
SENTENCES
CONNECTORS

1. similarly
like
also
too

COORDINATORS/
SUBORDINATORS CORRE LATIVE
CONJUNTIONS

2. as
just as

3. and
both... and
not aloso
neither...
nor

OTHERS

4. like (+noun)
just like (+noun)
similar to (+noun)
5. (be) similar (to)
(be) the same as
6. (be) the same

7. (be) alike
(be) similar (to)
8. to compare (to/with)

Practice 1
Use the words and phrases in the box above to fill in the blanks below (there may be more
than one choice for one blank):
1. Human workers can detect malfunctions in machinery; (1)…................. , a robot can be
programmed to detect equipment malfunctions.
Human workers can detect malfunctions in machinery; a robot can (2)…………...
Human workers can detect malfunctions in machinery; a robot can, (3)….…… Robots
can detect malfunctions in machinery, (4) ………… human workers can. (5)………….
robots ………… human workers/not only robots but also human workers can detect
malfunctions in machinery. (6)…………. robots ………….human workers are infallible.
27


Unit 2: Types of companies

2. Robots, (7)………………. human workers, can detect malfunctions in machinery.
3. Robots are (8)…………………human workers because they can both detect malfunctions in machinery.
4. In their ability to detect malfunctions in machinery, robots and human workers
(9)……………...
5. Robots and human workers (10)………………because they can both detect malfunctions
in machinery.
6. Robots can (11)…………………human workers in their ability to detect malfunctions in
machinery.
B. Contrast Structure Vocabulary
Contrast structure words fall into two main groups according to their meaning. The first group
shows contrast in the sense of concession or unexpected result. The second group shows contrast in the sense of direct opposition. The clauses connected by the words in the second group

are reversible. This means, for example, that while and whereas may be placed at the beginning of either clause with no change in meaning:
- veto: cancel - siblings: brothers and sisters
I am short, whereas my brother is tall and Whereas I am short, my brother is tall are both possible and are equal in meaning.
It is not always possible to do this with words from the first group, For example, the subordinator even though must be placed at the beginning of the clause It began to rain in the following sentence: We continued our like even though it began to rain.
It would not make sense to write Even though we continued our hike, it began to rain.
Notice that but and however belong to both groups.

•

Contrast structure words - Concession (Unexpected result)

SENTENCES
CONNECTORS

CLAUSE CONNECTORS
OTHERS
SUBORDINATORS

1. however

2. althought

nevertheless

even though

nonetheless

COORDINATORS

3. but
yet

4. despite (+ noun)
in spite (+ noun)

though

still
Practice 2
Use the words and phrases in the box above to fill in the blanks below (there may be more
than one choice for one blank):
1. It began to rain; (1)…………………….. we continued our hike.
28


Unit 2: Types of companies

2. We continued our hike (2)……………….. it began to rain.
3. It began to rain, (3)……………… we continued our hike.
4. (4)………………. the rain, we continued our hike.

•

Contrast structure words - Direct opposition
SENTENCES
CONNECTORS

1. however
in contrast

in (by) comparion
on the other hand
2. on the contrary

CLAUSE CONNECTORS
OTHERS
SUBORDINATORS COORDINATORS

3. white
whereas

4. but

5. differ from
6. compared (to/with)
7. (be) different
(from)
(be) dissimilar to
(be) unlike

Practice 3
1. The term rock music commonly refers to music styles after 1959 that were influenced
primarily by white musicians: (1) …………………………………, rhythm-and-blues
music styles were influenced primarily by black musicians.
2. Innovation in rock music comes not just from the United States; (2)………...........…….,
the Beatles and the Rolling Stones were from Great Britain, and the music style known
as reggae came from the Caribbean island of Jamaica.
3. The term rock music commonly refers to music styles after 1959 that were influenced
primarily by white musicians, (3)……….....…...rhythm-and-blues music styles were
influenced primarily by black musicians.

4. The term rock music commonly refers to music styles after 1959 that we were influenced
primarily by white musicians, (4)……….............. rhythm – and blues music styles were
influenced primarily by black musicians.
5. Early rock music (5)…………………............…..later styles in that later styles make use
of electronics to produce new sounds.
6. (6)…………………….. earlier rock styles, later styles have a harder sound.
7. The punk, rap, grunge, and techno styles, of the ‘90s’ are very (7)…………………....….
the rock music played by Elvis Presley in the ‘50s, but they have the same roots.
6.2

Writing practice
What are the similarities and differences of three main types of companies?
Use the information you have learned in this lesson to write a 5-paragraph essay
to answer this question. The suggested time for completing the exercise is
45 minutes.

29


Unit 2: Types of companies

English terms

Vietnamese equivalents

A
- Articles of Co-partnership (n)

- Điều lệ hợp doanh

- Articles of Incorporation (n)

- Điều lệ công ty

- Asset (n)

- Tài sản

B
- Bankrupt (adj)

- Phá sản

- Board of Directors

- Ban giám đốc

C
- Capital (n)

- Vốn

D
- Dissolve (v)

- Giải thể

- Dividend (n)

- Cổ tức

E
- Enterprise (n)

- Cơng ty, xí nghiệp

- Entity (n)

- Thực thể

- Equipment (n)

- Thiết bị

- Expertise (n)

- Chuyên môn

I
- Income tax (n)

- Thuế thu nhập

- Inventory (n)

- Hàng hóa (tồn kho, trong kho)

L
- Liabilities

- Khoản nợ

N
- Non - limited company
O

- Công ty trách nhiệm vô hạn

- Ownership

- Quyền làm chủ

P
- Proprietorship

- Quyền sở hữu doanh nghiệp bởi một nghiệp
chủ duy nhất

S
- Stock holder

- Cổ đơng

- Sole trader

- Thương nhân cá thể (một mình đứng ra kinh
doanh và tự chịu trách nhiệm về nợ nần của
mình trong kinh doanh

30