Tài liệu Báo cáo " Thư viện dành cho người khiếm thị " docx

Gidi thieu
Nhimg van de ddi vdi ngUdi khiem thj
Theo ke't qua dieu tra
eiia
Td ehufc Y
te The gidi nam 2004, tren the gidi hien
ed khoang 161 trieu ngudi mil va ngudi
nhupc thj. Nhifng ngudi nay cung ed nhu
elu dupe tiep can tdi sach bao, tin tUc,
nhu nhu clu cua ngUdi sang
mit
va
ddng gdp mdt phan vao xa hdi.
Tuy nhien, ed tdi 95% lupng sach tren
the gidi khdng bao gid ed d dang ma
ngUdi mil va ngUdi nhupe thj khdng the
tie'p can va ed the dpc dupc dd la dang
sach in ed chif to, sach chtf ndi hoac am
thanh sd
Tinh
trang nay hlu nhU xay
ra d
tit
ca cae qud'e gia, tU
nUde
ngheo
nhlt den nUdc giau nhat. Khdng ai biet
dugc quy md, mifc dp dap ifng nhu elu
eho ddi tupng sif dung la ngUdi khiem thj
ra sao,
ehi

biet mdt dieu rang nd khdng
edng
bIng,
khdng hpp
ly.
Kha ddn gian de ed the giai thich
ring,
dieu dd cd nghTa la dd'i tupng ngudi
diing tin nay khdng cd eae mifc
lUa
chpn
eho viec dpc
cuia
hp. Day cung chinh la
mong mudn
eiia
IFLA nham thue day sU
tie'p can khdng gidi han tdi thdng tin tri
thife cho ngudi khiem thj. Mdt
phin
quan
trpng
cuia
van de nay ed the quy eho gia
thanh
eiia
viec chuyen ddi In pham
dang in an sang cae khudn dang
phii
hpp de dd'i tUdng ngudi diing nay ed the

sif dung la rat dat, mac
dii
nhtfng tien bd
cua cdng nghe thdng tin
vin
phat trien
khdng ngUng. Cung nhu vay, luat ban
quyen da tao ra nhieu rao can trong viee
chia se ngudn lufc thdng tin.
Su phat trien
cuia
Internet trong nhieu
thap ky qua da tao nhieu kha nang mdi
dd'i vdi viec dUa thdng tin de'n ngudi
khiem thj va ngUdi khdng khiem thj,
nhung mdt khao sat dupe edng bd nam
2004 bdi
uiy
ban Quyen Ipi
eiia
NgUdi tan
tat
ciia
VUdng qud'e Anh eho thay 81%
eae dja
ehi
Web khdng dap ifng dupe
nhifng yeu elu ed ban ve kha nang tiep
can thdng tin eua ngudi diing tin. Va tat
nhien dd'i vdi ngudi nhupc thj

thi
hp ludn
di sau cae dd'i tupng ngUdi dimg tin khae,
tham chi trong viec tie'p can vdi may
tinh.
Chi phi de ed dupe suf hd trp
ciia
edng
nghe - thdng tin cung
nhu
gia thanh
eiia
may tfnh ludn la van de eho ngudi khiem
thi.
Ngudi khiem thj vd cimg thiet thdi bdi
suf thie'u thdn sach bao va thdng tin, hdn
the ntfa suf phan chia sd hda ra ddi cang
lam cho quyen Ipi
cuia
hp bj anh hudng.
Can bd thU vien ed the ddng mdt
phin
quan trpng trong viee hUdng nhifng nd
lufc
eiia
minh vao tinh trang
mit
can
bIng
nay.

Cac thu vien eho ngudi khiem thi
Rat khd de cd the khai quat hda ve sU
khdi ngudn va tie'n trien cua eae thu vien
dd'i vdi ngudi khiem thj bdi nhtfng dieu
kien,
hoan canh da dang
eiia
mdi nude
tren the
gidi.
Da ed nhifng bai vie't va bai
nghien eifu dupe trinh bay d mdt sd hdi
nghj eua IFLA eho thay ed rat nhieu md
72
hinh khae nhau trong viee quan
ly,
eung
nhu ngan sach hoat ddng
ciia
cae thu
vien dd'i vdi ngudi khiem thj. d mpt vai
nude nhu Anh va Canada, eae thu vien
chuyen nganh eho dd'i tupng ddc gia nay
da dupe xay dufng tU the ky
19
eho tdi
nay ehung van dang hoat ddng bdi suf
hao tam
eiia
eae nha tU thien hoac cae

td chifc, nhtfng ngudi
tinh
nguyen. Mdt
sd thu vien eho ngudi khiem thj d chau a
va chau Phi
dUde
thanh lap bdi eae nha
truyen giao. d mdt vai nUde khac, loai
hinh
thUvien
nay dupe xay dufng va phat
trien do eac td chifc hoac trung tam phue
hdi chirc nang cho ngUdi tan tat.
O My, chinh
phii
chju trach nhiem
giao due va dao tao ngudi khiem thj va
luat da dupe thdng qua nam 1931, ve
eung cap eac djeh vu thu vien cdng edng
mdt each binh dang vdi sU hd trp Djeh
vu Thu vien Qud'e gia danh cho ngUdi
khiem thj va ngudi tan tat. d Thuy Dien
eung vay, eac djeh vu
thUvien
eho ngUdi
khiem thj dupe bao dam bdi luat Thu
vien chtf ndi va Sach ndi (Talking Books
and Braille Library - TPB) tdn tai nhu
mdt thue the rieng biet, nhung nd dupc
tfch hpp vao eae djeh vu thu vien Idn

dupe cap ngan quy hoat ddng bdi Nha
nude nhu mdt bd phan
ciia
he thdng thu
vien cdng edng. Mdt sd nude khae nhu
Nam Phi, ed eae md hinh tUdng tu dang
tdn tai, d dd eac thu vien cho ngudi
khiem thj la mdt bd phan
ciia
dich vu thu
vien qud'e gia.
Trong bat cuf bdi canh chfnh trj nao,
eae thu vien eho ngudi khiem thj la cae
Cd quan
gin
nhu ddn nhat bdi vl hp
khdng ehi eung dp cac djch vu thdng tin
va thu vien cho ngudi khiem thj, ma edn
chju trach nhiem xult ban sach d cae
format de ngudi khiem thj cd the sir
dung.
Neu khdng cd eae hoat ddng nay
eiia
cac thU vien thi ehi ed mpt sd lupng
rIt
nhd tai lieu cho ngudi khiem thj, bdi d
hlu he't eae nUde thi trudng thuong mai
cho loai sach nay vd cimg han che. Viin
canh ehung nhat la mdi qud'e gia ed mdt
hoac mdt vai thU vien danh rieng eho

ngudi khiem thj, va chuyen eung dp
sach theo nhieu khuon dang khac nhau,
nham dap ifng nhu elu eho eac dd'i
tupng ngudi khiem thj khac nhau nhu
sinh
vien,
hpc
sinh
Tuy nhien, thufc te
viec san xuat va eung dp dang tai lieu
chuyen biet cho dd'i tupng ngudi dimg
nay ndi ehung cdn han che bdi sU ton
kem ve ehi phf, vl vay qui md san xuat va
cung dp edn tUdng dd'i nhd va rdi rac.
Viec chuyen ddi tai lieu dang in sang
dang cd the suf dung dupe cho ngudi
khiem thj ddi hdi yeu clu cao ve ky nang
va trang thie't bj chuyen dung.
Cac thu vien eho ngUdi mil phai can
nhac eung dp djch vu td't nhlt eho
nhtfng ngudi d vimg sau, viing xa eua
dat nude; hd trp hp trong viee lufa chpn
va eung dp sach va thdng tin; tao eho
hp ed cam giac dupe sif dung djch vu thU
vien nhu nhtfng ngudi binh thudng khae
trong cdng ddng xa hdi. Oe thUe hien
dupc chire nang nay, eac thU vien eho
ngudi khiem thj phai ft nhieu ed sU hpp
tac vdi cac djch vu
eiia

cac thU vien Idn
nhu he thdng
thuvlen
edng cdng va giao
due.
Trong mdt the gidi
ly
tudng, eae thu
vien Idn se thUe hien viec dap irng nhu
elu eho tat ea eae ddi tupng ngUdi sir
dung tiem nang
eiia
thUvien.
Tai hdi nghj IFLA duge to
chUe
d
Glasgow nam 2002, Libraries for Blind
Section (mdt bd phan
eiia
IFLA) da td
ehife cudc thao luan kha gay gat ve sU
tdn tai eua eac thu vien chuyen biet cho
mdt bd phan dan
cUdae
biet la mdt dang
kiem duyet. Cudi cimg, da sd y kie'n eho
ring,
eae thu vien Idn dap irng nhu clu
eho tat ca eac dd'i tUpng ngudi sir dung
tiem nang va eac thu vien chuyen biet

vin
edn hifu ich eho ngudi khiem thj.
ThUc te, md
hinh
hpp tae giifa eae thU
vien chuyen biet tren va cae thU vien
Tap chi
THU VIEN VIET
NAM
3(19)
73
cdng cdng la kha da dang. Cae dai dien
d cae hdi nghj IFLA
gin
day de'n tU
Trinidad va Tobago, Canada, Anh, Thuy
Dien,
Han Qud'c va Viet Nam da lam
sang td cae md hinh hdp tac tren dang
tdn tai nhu the nao, dd la mdt loat mdi
quan he tU td ehife
tinh
nguyen ve cae
duf an
dac biet tdi
sU hdi
nhap
eiia
dly du
eac ITnh vufc khae dupe ngan sach

eiia
ehinh
phii
hd trp
Trude day, eac thu vien eho ngudi
khiem thj ed khuynh hudng kha tuf nhien
la chi tap trung vao ngudi mil. Trong
nhtfng nam gan day, nhieu thu vien cho
ngudi mil da nhan ra rang cac ky nang
va suf cung dp eua hp ed the la htfu ich
tUdng tuf dd'i vdi nhifng ngudi nhupc thj
khae.
Tuy nhien, trong mdt vai trUdng
hpp,
dieu nay da dupe phan anh trong
chinh nhifng ten gpi
ciia
ehung, vf du:
Djeh vu
ThUvien
Qud'e gia eho NgUdi mil
va NgUdi tan tat eua My, Thu vien Sach
ndi va Chif ndi Braille
eiia
Thuy Dien
IFLA
IFLA la mdt td
ehUe
qud'e te difng
diu

dai dien eho quyen Ipi
ciia
cae djeh vu
thu
vien,
thdng tin va ngudi sir dung cua
hp.
Dd la tieng ndi toan clu
cuia
eae
chuyen gia thu vien va thdng tin; la mdt
td ehife ddc lap, qud'c te, phi chfnh phu
va phi Ipi nhuan. Muc dfeh
cuia
nd la:
- Nang eao chat lupng eung dp djch
vu thu vien va thdng tin;
- Khuyen khfch sU hieu bie't mdt each
rdng rai ve gia trj
cuia
djeh vu
thUvien
va
thdng tin ed chat lupng;
- Oai dien quyen Ipi cho cae thanh
vien
ciia
nd tren toan the
gidi.
De thuyet phue eho nhifng mue dfeh

nay, IFLA ludn de eao bdn gia trj cdt Idi:
+ Tan thanh nguyen
tic tU
do truy cap
thdng tin, tri thirc, y tudng, khai niem
nhu trong dieu
19
cua Tuyen ngdn toan
eau ve quyen
eon.
ngudi.
+ Mdi ngudi dan, edng dong va eac td
chifc dupe tie'p can mdt each binh dang
va rdng rai ve thdng tin, y tudng ve xa
hdi,
giao due, van hda, dan
ehii
va kinh
te
+ Cae djeh vu thu vien va thdng tin ed
chat lupng eao se bao dam eho viee truy
cap
ciia
ngUdi sir dung dugc nhanh va
chfnh xae hdn.
+ Trao quyen tdi tat ea eae thanh vien
eua Hiep hdi d eae nude de tham gia va
giup fch eho mpi hoat ddng
eiia
Hdi ma

khdng phan biet dd la ngUdi tan tat,
ngudn gd'c dan tdc, gidi
tfnh,
vj tri dia
ly,
ngdn ngif, quan diem chi'nh trj, chimg tdc
hoac tdn giao.
IFLA eung hd trp mdt loat nhtfng Uu
tien ve nganh thu vien nhu sau:
- Ong hd vai trd
eiia
cae thu
vien
trong
xa hdi
- Ung hd nguyen
tic
tuf do thdng tin
- Day manh xda mil thdng tin, dpe va
hpe tap lau dai
- Ho trp viec tie'p can khdng han che
thdng tin
- Can
bIng
quyen sd hifu tri tue
eiia
tac gia vdi nhu elu ngudi sir dung
- Thue day chia se ngudn
lUe
thdng tin

- Bao quan di san tri thife
- Dao tao cae chuyen gia thu vien
- Thiie day eac tieu ehuan, hudng dan
va eac ifng dung td't nhlt
- Hd trd Cd sd ha
ting
eho eae hiep
hdi thu
vien
Nhu vay ed the thay IFLA img hd
manh me trong viee binh dang tie'p can
thdng tin trong dd ed lien quan de'n
nhung kha nang tie'p can thdng tin, dd'i
vdi ngUdi khiem thi.
74
Nhu
ten gpi
eiia
minh,
eae thanh vien
euia
IFLA bao gdm nhifng ed quan Idn,
hien cd khoang 1.700 thanh
vien.
Cdng
viee
eiia
nd la hudng dan, quan
ly
cae

thanh vien ehu ye'u la tren cd sd tinh
nguyen,
thdng qua mot chUdng trinh
gdm mdt loat cae hoat dpng dupe coi la
mang tinh hat nhan va thdng qua cae
hoat ddng
eiia
eae phdng ban, bd phan
tap trung
ehii
ye'u vao cac khu vufc, ye'u
td dja
ly
va cae ITnh vufc chuyen mdn thu
vien.
Hang nam, IFLA td chifc dai hdi
mang ten Oai hdi Thu vien va Thdng tin
the gidi (Worid Library and Information
Congress -
WLIC)
va ed mdt ehUdng
trinh xuat ban eac tai lieu
ciia
td ehife
nay. Toan bd thdng tin ve IFLA va eae tai
lieu lien quan de'n td
chUe
nay ed the
dupe
tim thIy

trong www.ifla.org.
Bd phan Khiem thi
cCia
IFLA
Bd phan Khiem thj - mdt trong 47 bd
phan,
phdng ban
eiia
IFLA va la mdt
thanh vien eiia Phdng III - phdng dai
dien eho cae thu vien phuc vu edng
chiing ndi ehung (phdng bao gdm nhieu
bd phan). Phdng nay dupe dat ra nham
ludn cap nhat nhifng thdng tin mdi nhat
cimg vdi nhtfng tie'n bd, phat trien cua nd
va de phdi hpp nhjp nhang vdi nhau
trong cae hoat ddng lien ke't
eiia
cae thU
vien cdng edng, thu vien thie'u nhi, cae
thUvien
phue vu ngUdi tan tat
Bd phan Khiem thj
eiia
IFLA dupe
hinh
thanh vao nam
1978 ehi
vdi qui md
la mdt nhdm lam viee va chfnh thufc trd

thanh Bd phan vao nam 1983. Tai thdi
diem mdi thanh lap, nhdm lam viec cung
da xae djnh nhifng van de dn thue hien
nhu mdt chie'n lupe la: Su dn thie't phai
danh gia, xem xet eae ngudn tai lieu eho
ngudi khiem thj ed the dugc sii dung tren
the
gidi;
Xae djnh va ehuan hda eac
dang san pham thdng tin; sU dn thie't
hinh
thanh mdt he thd'ng mUpn qud'e te
ed hieu qua va cudi cimg la phUdng thirc
phdi hpp de suf dung edng nghe. Mae
dii
mdi trudng xa hpi va mdi trudng thdng tin
da cd nhiTng thay ddi dang ke, song tat
ca nhifng ke hoach ma nhdm lam viec
de ra
vin
cdn mang tfnh thdi sU cho de'n
ngay nay va hien tai nd van nam trong
ke hoach hoat ddng
eiia
Bd phan.
Hien nay Bp phan Khiem thj ed
khoang 79 thanh vien d 41 nude, gdm
cae chuyen gia dae biet eho ngUdi khiem
thj,
cac thu vien Idn va eac td ehufc thu

vien tu khap ndi tren the
gidi.
Cae thanh
vien cua Bd phan nay
ehii
ye'u d chau
Au,
Ble My va eae khu vUe phat trien
khac tren the
gidi.
Ndi ed sd lupng thanh
vien cao nhat la Ha Lan, Nhat Ban,
Canada, Dan Mach, Tay Ban Nha va
Phap.
Dieu nay eho thay sd
lUdng
eac
thu vien va djch vu thU vien eho ngUdi
khiem thi rat dupe quan tam d eae nUde
phat
trien,
ddng thdi nhUng
vin
cdn thie'u
d cac nude dang phat
trien.
Mue dfeh nhifng ke hoach ehien
lUde
ciia
Bd phan Khiem thj la lam sao ed the

thu hut them nhieu thanh vien mdi. Nd
eung xem xet, danh gia, md rdng pham
vi
euia
minh tdi nhu elu
eiia
ngudi khiem
thj,
nham bao quat nhu clu
eiia
tat ea
dd'i tupng dn dupc tie'p can tdi cac djeh
vu thu
vien.
Gid'ng nhu eac Bd phan
khae
eiia
IFLA,
Bd phan eae
thUvien
eho
ngUdi khiem thj dugc quan
ly
bdi mdt
iiy
ban Thudng trufc gdm
gin
20 thanh vien
dupc blu ra, trong dd difng dau la
chii

tjch hdi ddng, thU ky
chii
tjch hdi ddng va
mdt can bd thdng tin. Nhung thanh vien
eiia uiy
ban la nhtfng
tinh
nguyen
vien,
gdm eac dai dien
eiia
eae thu vien eho
ngudi khiem thj hoac dai dien eua cae td
chifc cd hoat ddng lien quan den ngudi
khiem thi d 14 nUde tren the
gidi,
trong
dd Phap'(2), Difc (1), Ha Lan (1), Thuy
Dien (1), Oan Mach (1),
Phin
Lan (1),
Nga (2), Anh (2), Cdng hda Ireland (1),
Nam Phi (1), Canada (1), My (2), Han
Qudc (1) va Nhat (1).
Sued
mat eua dai
Tap chf
THU VIEN VIET
NAM
3(19)

75
dien eae nudc dang phat trien hlu nhu
khdng ed.
Mue
dfeh cuia iiy
ban thudng true la
chju trach nhiem ve viee thuc hien va
phat trien theo ke hoach eae ehien
lUde
eiia
Bd phan Khiem thi, va dupe kiem
tra,
giam sat hai
lln/nam
va
ciT2
nam lai
dupe thay ddi eho
phii
hdp vdi ehinh
sach
euia
IFLA.
Muc dich la:
- Lam viee vdi eae td chirc dd'i tae de
xay dung mdt thu vien mang tfnh toan
elu cho ngudi khiem thj
- Tao lap va cung dp nhiTng hUdng
din
va ifng dung td't nhat eho kha nang

suf dung eac djeh vu thu vien va thdng
tin.
- Tie'p thj va hoat ddng hd trp cae djeh
vu thu vien dd'i vdi ngudi khiem thj
- Khuyen khfch dao tao va tie'p tue dao
tao can bd thu vien trong ITnh vufc hoat
ddng nay.
Cae muc tieu nay dupc thue hien
thdng qua ke hoach hanh ddng va cae
phuong phap da dang sau: mdt ehUdng
trinh md tai WLIC hang nam, hdi thao bd
phan hang nam, td ehife cae cudc hpp
khdng thudng xuyen, thuc hien eae du
an lien quan den viee xult ban cac
nghien ciTu hoac cac tieu ehuan ve ITnh
vUe nay, tham gia vao eae hoat ddng
khae eua IFLA
Cac hoat ddng noi bat
cQa
Bg phan
Khiem thi:
- Djnh hudng hoat ddng
Nhu da neu d phan
tren,
mdt trong
nhiTng mue tieu
eiia
Bd phan Khiem thj
la thie't lap va hd trp nhtfng djnh hudng
phat

trien,
eung nhu nhirng ifng dung td't
nhlt vao thue tiin trong eac djch vu thu
vien va thdng tin. Dieu nay da dat dupe
mdt sd ke't qua trong nhtfng nam
gin
day bang mdt loat eac
dU
an nghien eifu
vdi
quT
hoat ddng true tie'p tU IFLA. Dd la
eac nghien eiru nhU: HUdng dan truy cap
va mupn lien thu vien cae dang tai lieu
khae nhau, Cac thU vien eho ngUdi
khiem thj trong thdi dai thdng tin: nhtfng
dudng Id'i eho suf phat
trien;
Thie't ke va
xay dung he thd'ng thu vien sd dupe tfch
hdp:
nhiTng hudng
din
Ben canh dd,
eac cudc hdi thao cung eung dp nhtfng
phan trinh bay htfu fch ve ifng dung thufc
tiin cd the phuc vu tdi dd'i tUdng ngudi
diing nay mdt each rdng rai. Ngoai ra
cdn ed mdt sd nghien eifu khae dupe
trinh bay nhU: Cac thu vien va edng tac

giao due trong thdi ky so: phue vu ngudi
khiem thj d vimg Caribe va My la tinh
(hdi
thaoACURIL/IFLALBS,
2002), Suy
nghT ve van ve truy cap va ve cae thu
vien (hdi thao dugc td chifc tai Dai hdi
Lien doan NgUdi khiem thj tren the
gidi)
- Qng dung edng nghe sd vao phat
trien eac san pham, djch vu
thUvien.
Cdng nghe sd da lam thay ddi ca cac
djeh vu thu vien va thdng tin dupe td
chifc va phan
phdi,
chif khdng
chi
rieng
dd'i vdi dich vu eho ngudi khiem thj. Thufc
te,
ft khi cae thu vien danh cho ngUdi
khiem thj tu san xuat sach eho dd'i tupng
ngudi dimg nay. Bd phan Khiem thj eua
IFLA
ludn quan tam de'n nhtfng phat trien
eiia
cdng nghe trong tie'n trinh chuyen
dang tai lieu phue vu ngudi khiem thj cho
ngay cang cd hieu qua. Trong nhtfng

nam qua, nhieu cudc hdi thao va trien
lam
euia
Bd phan Khiem thj da trinh bay
nhieu duf an ed tfnh chat sang
kie'n,
ddi
mdi trong ITnh vUc san xuat chif
ndi,
anh
xuc giac (cam nhan
bIng
xue giac), tai
lieu in ed chif to
Lfu
viet hdn, Bd phan Khiem thj la noi
sinh ra sach ndi sd (digital audio book).
Hien dupe hdn 70 ed quan, td ehufc d 40
qud'c gia tren the gidi suf dung. Suf phat
trien
cuia
DAISY da trd thanh mdt chuan
qud'c te cho phUdng tien truy cap sd.
76
Hien tai, Bd phan Khiem thj dang tie'p tue
tap trung vao cdng viee ifng dung cac
cdng nghe mdi vao eung dp eac san
pham td't hdn va cd che, ky thuat phan
phdi tien Ipi hdn. Cac thanh vien cua hp
dang tim kiem tiem nang cua cae san

pham sd, giao dien sd, kho chifa file sd,
san pham va sU phan chia cac loai sach
theo yeu du, phan phdi dien tir va vai
trd trong
tUdng
lai
ciia
cae thU vien trong
ky nguyen sd.
Vdi edng nghe mdi va re hdn, md hinh
truyen thd'ng ve hoat ddng ghi am theo
yeu du cd the dupe thay the bang
phUdng phap mdi, nhu vay sach cd the
dupe san xuat d dang ed the suf dung
dupe hoac cd the phan phat den ngUdi
tieu dimg dUa tren yeu elu eua hp.
Bd phan Khiem thj da td ehufc cac
cudc hdi thao d Stockport (1999) va
Glasgow (2002) chuyen de ve chia se
kinh nghiem trong viec phat trien thu
vien sd. Chu de nay dupe coi la quan
trpng de'n miTc ma nd hlu nhU dugc de
cap de'n trong hlu he't cac chUdng trinh
hdi thao. Cdng viee tien phong
ciia
Vien
Qudc gia Canada cho ngUdi khiem thj
(CNIB)
la phat trien mdt he thd'ng thU
vien sd tfch hpp, vdi sU hd trd

eiia
Microsoft. Dieu nay da thiic day Bd phan
Khiem thj
euia IFLA
xuat ban cud'n Thie't
ke va Xay dUng He thd'ng thU vien sd tfch
hpp vao nam 2005. He thd'ng mdi nay
dupc trinh diin tai mdt diin dan do
Microsoft td ehire d Redmond,
Washington vao thang
11/2004
cho eac
thanh vien
cuia
Lien hiep DAISY va Bd
phan Khiem thj
ciia
IFLA.
- Van ddng hanh lang va phdi hpp
hoat ddng
O mufc dp qudc gia va qud'e te, Bd
phan Khiem thj da lam viee rat tfch cue
de tranh
thii
sur img hd, hd trp tU cae
ehinh
phii
va cac td chUe qudc te. Mdt
trong nhtfng mue dich quan trpng la sU
anh hudng, tac ddng

cuia
hp dd'i vdi luat
ban quyen, de khdng bj ngan can viee
chuyen thdng tin sang nhiTng dang tai
lieu eho ngUdi khiem thj ed the
sijf
dung
dupc hoac cd the chia se, trao ddi qudc
te nhiTng tai lieu nay. Lam viee ciing vdi
Lien Hiep DAISY va
iiy
ban cae van de
ve Luat va Ban quyen
ciia
IFLA (IFLA's
Copyright and Legal Matters
Committee), Bd phan Khiem thj da gay
dupc anh hudng eua
minh
tdi Lien minh
chau Au va Td ehufc Sd hifu Trf tue The
gidi (Worid Intellectual Property organi-
zation -
WIPO).
Ket qua la,
WIPO
da de
xuat mdt md hinh luat ban quyen gdm
nhung ngoai le dd'i vdi tai lieu eho ngudi
khiem

thj
Ngoai ra, Bd phan nay edn
thanh cdng trong viee phdi hpp vdi Hiep
hdi Ngudi Mil The gidi de tae ddng tdi
Hiep hdi Buu dien Toan elu bao ve
quyen dupe miin phf gufi thU qud'c te qua
bUu dien cho ngudi mil.
- Thu vien eho ngUdi khiem thj tren
toan elu
Khdng nUde nao tren the gidi ed the
ndi rang ngudi khiem thj d nude hp dupe
sir dung djeh vu thU vien mdt each binh
dang,
va hien tai
tit
ca cae
thUvien
eho
ngudi khiem thj deu phai chju suf thieu
thdn ngudn tai
lieu.
VI
the, dieu quan
trpng bay gid la tat ca cae thu vien phai
ciing nhau lam viee va chia se ngudn tai
lieu nay. Tai mdt diin dan d Redmond,
Washington vao thang 11/2004, cae
thanh vien
ciia
Lien hiep DAISY va Bd

phan Khiem thj
eiia
IFLA da thda thuan
ring
ea hai td ehUe mudn lam viec cimg
nhau theo each hudng tdi mdt thu vien
ao toan du eho ngudi khiem thj. Nhifng
vin
de nay gdm: lien ke't phat trien vd'n
tai
lieu,
kha nang truy cap td't hdn tdi cac
catalog cua cae thu vien khac, thue hien
mupn lien thu
vien
Ket qua la ngudi
diing ed the suf dung mdt each de dang
hdn eac loai sach va se giam dupe van
de triing ban khi bd sung gitfa eae eo
Tap chi
THU VIEN VIET
NAM
3(19)
77
quan,
td chifc.
- Hd trd cae nude dang phat trien
Bd phan Khiem thj ludn quan tam dae
biet trong viee img hd cac nude dang
phat

trien.
Rao chan ve ehi phf da ngan
can thanh vien tU nhtfng nude nay tham
gia vao cae suf kien
eiia
IFLA. Bd phan
Khiem thi eung dang
tim
kie'm sU hpp tac
mdt each manh me hdn tU nhufng nude
ngheo tren the
gidi.
Trong nhieu nam
qua,
cae cudc hdi nghj giifa nam cua
uiy
ban Thudng trufc dupe td ehire tai mdt sd
nude dang phat
trien,
hdi nghj thudng
thufc hien vai trd la nhan td
xiie
tae thuc
dly cho cae cudc hdi thao hoac hdi nghj
d dia phUdng hoac trong vimg. Ke't qua
la da ed eac eude hdi thao dupc td ehife
d Rabat (2002). Zagreb (2003), va
Vilnius (2004). Bd phan Khiem thj edn
phdi hpp vdi quy FORCE tham gia vao
cae du an phat trien khac, ddng thdi hpp

sufc vdi Quy Ulverscroft
ciia
Anh de td
chirc mdt giai thudng "iTng dung td't nhat"
tren toan elu. Nhifng ngudi doat giai
thudng da
thUe
hien du an mdt
each
hiTu
fch trong viee hd trp cae nude dang phat
trien.
- Phat trien dpi ngu nhan vien
Mdt thanh td quan trpng trong tat ea
eac cdng viec dugc md ta d tren la
sUtan
tam trong dao tao va phat trien nhan
vien.
Ndi ehung, ed rat ft thu vien cho
ngudi khiem thj (hoac cae trung tam, td
ehUe
tUdng tu nhU vay) hoat ddng
chuyen nghiep d mdi nude, vl vay mdt
trong cac hoat ddng nUa
cuia
Bd phan
Khiem thj la hd trp tfnh chuyen nghiep
eho cae thu vien nay. Bat dau tU eude hdi
nghj
diu

tien ve chuyen mdn d Marburg
nam 1983, cho den
gin
day, Bd phan
Khiem thj da td chifc djnh ky hai nam
mdt lln ve van de nay, dd la Washington
DC (2001); Marburg - Dufc (2003) va
Gothenburg - Thuy Dien (2005),
Grahamstown - Nam Phi (2007). Hlu
nhu ndi dung eua eac hdi nghj da dUpc
dua len trang Web
ciia
Bd phan Khiem
thj.
Sd lupng ngudi tham gia mdi hdi nghj
khoang tU 100 de'n
150
ngudi, va hdi
nghj dupe danh gia la diin dan
ly
tudng
cho viec hpc tap ve kie'n thirc va kinh
nghiem trong ITnh vuc chuyen mdn nay.
Giai thudng "ifng dung tdt nhat" dupc
ddng td ehife vdi Quy Ulverscroft vao
cae nam 2003, 2004, 2006 (nhU da de
cap d tren) da tao cd hdi eho mdi ca
nhan lam viee vdi mdt
thUvien
eho ngudi

khiem thj khae nhau d eac ndi tren the
gidi trong mdt thdi gian
ngln.
Ke't thuc
eude thi, ed 5 ngudi dupe nhan giai
thudng thude eae nudc Nam Phi,
Nigeria, Nauy va Anh. Cach thife lam
viec nay da tang eudng mdi quan he
gitfa eac thu vien va tao cae ed hdi phat
trien cho eae ea nhan tham gia eude thi.
Tat nhien la khdng phai tat ea mpi
ngudi deu ed ed hdi tham gia eae cudc
hdi
nghj,
hdi thao qud'e te hoac ed ed hdi
gap gd trufc tie'p vdi ddng nghiep d eae
nude khac nhau. Bd phan Khiem thj da
suf dung ca hai phUdng phap truyen
thd'ng va hien dai de eung dp kinh
nghiem bang each da xuat ban ban tin
ndi bd theo djnh ky hai nam mdt lln
bang cae thif tie'ng Anh, Nga va Tay Ban
Nha,
hoac cd the tu do truy cap tren
trang Web cua IFLA eung nhu d tai lieu
dang in va dang ndi
eiia
DAISY. Cac bai
bao chfnh thirc dupe dang tai tren trang
Web

eiia
Bd phan Khiem thj qua
Website eua IFLA vdi dja ehi
vvww.ifla.org/WII/s31/index.htm
Ket luan
Su tie'n trien eae mue tieu eua Bd
phan Khiem thj cd the chUa nhanh ne'u
khdng ndi la edn cham, bdi nhtfng han
ehe ve ngan sach va suf lien ket ed thien
ehf giifa eae thanh
vien.
NhUng nhtfng
Xem tiep trang 71
78
sd ngudi lai eho rang thanh vien
thUvien
nen gidi han d nhdm dac biet. Cac quan
diem khac
chi
ra viec thie'u hieu bie't
ciia
con ngudi ve vai trd
eiia
mdt thU vien
qud'e gia.
Trong khung Luat LUu chieu,
chi
nhtfng tai lieu in la phai nop
lUu
chieu.

Luat
lUu
chieu khdng bao ham ca cae tai
lieu nhu bang dTa,
film
Luat LUu chieu
dugc dua tren 3
Sic
lenh.
(1) Sac lenh
ve bao nam 1939. (2) Sac lenh ve in an
va xult ban nam 1885 va (3) Luat in an
nam
1902
khdng dupe sira ddi va dUa ra
ap dung tU dd.
Trong ehUdng trinh trao ddi qud'e te,
SLNLSB ludn yeu elu eae td chifc giri
bit
ky tai lieu tie'ng Anh nao cho Thu
vien,
nhung mdt vai td ehufc khdng thue
hien dung yeu clu nay. Thu vien mong
mudn trao ddi xuat ban pham tie'ng
Phap,
Difc nhUng lai nhan dupc cac tai
lieu tieng Trung Qudc, Han Qudc la
nhtfng tai lieu ft ngudi quan tam. Tuy
nhien,
cae xuat ban pham vin dang

dupc gifi deu dan de'n Thu vien Qud'c
gia.
Cd nhieu khd khan phai dd'i mat vdi suf
thay ddi
eiia
xa hdi tang nhanh. Xa hdi
thay ddi nhanh chdng va thu vien qud'e
gia cac nude the gidi thif ba dang phai
dd'i mat vdi nhtfng khd khan va thach
thifc mdi. Mdt loat nhtfng thay ddi xa hdi
nhu bao ve ngudi tieu dung, quyen cdng
bang cho phu nif, phan biet chiing tdc,
phat trien giao due, ngudi tan tat, thay
ddi nghe nghiep, nan that nghiep, an
toan sife khde rat de de tim kie'm thdng
tin,
bao ve mdi trudng ed the dupe dat ra.
Mdi sU thay ddi tao ra nhifng nhu clu
khae nhau hoac md rdng them cac djch
vu khae nhau va tao ra mdt loat cae
hinh
thai mdi de dap Ung nhifng nhu elu mdi.
Kei luan
Bat chap nhtfng van de khd khan, Thu
vien Qudc gia da hoan thanh mpt lupng
edng viee rat Idn trong vdng 50 nam qua.
Dae biet la viee len ke hoach, img dung
va duy tri cac dU an la thir thach Idn.
Ngay nay tat ea eac thanh tUu da dat
dugc, nhifng phat trien vUdt bae eua ITnh

vUc djeh vu thu vien va xuat ban la deu
ed sur ddng gdp hieu qua
eiia
SLNLSB.
AN KHANH
lugc
dich theo:
"National Library in the knowledge
based society"
THUVIEN
CHO NGUOI KHIEM THL.
Tie'p thep trang 78
anh hudng tfch cue ciia nd la
phii
hdp vdi
mdi quan tam cua eae thanh vien va tap
trung vao nhifng ke't qua ifng dung. Mae
dii
edn nhieu khd khan, Bd phan Khiem
thj van hoat ddng tfch cure va
ehii
ddng
trong sudt hdn hai mUdi nam qua. Tuy
nhien,
cac thU vien eho ngUdi khiem thj
vin
dang phai dd'i mat vdi nhifng khd
khan nhU: Lieu hp ed dap ufng
dUde
nhtfng nhu elu ngay cang tang

eiia
sd
lupng ngUdi khiem thj hay khdng? Nhu
elu
ciia
dd'i tupng ngudi dimg nay cd
dugc dap irng mdt
each
hieu qua
khdng?
Day la nhifng eau hdi
eIn
cd
Idi giai dap, ddng
thdi,
cin
cd them nhieu
suf
iing
hd, benh vUc dau tranh vl quyen
ldi cho nhtfng ngUdi khiem thj ve ITnh vufc
nay trong thdi gian tdi.
NGUYIN
TRONG PHUONG
Theo tai lieu nude ngoai.
Tap chf
THU VIEN VIET NAM
3(19)
71