Tài liệu 6000 Chinese Characters doc

;}jf
rsstetttefc to
REV.
EGERTON
RYERSON
770,3
6OOO
CHINESE
CHARACTERS
WITH
JAPANESE PRONUNCIATIO
AND
JAPANESE
AND
ENGLISH
RENDERINGS
BY
J.
IRA
JONES,
A.B.
H. V.
S.
PEEKE,
D.D.
KYO

BUN KWAN
TOKYO
CONTENTS
PAGE
PREFACE



v-vi
INTRODUCTION
vn-ix
TABLE
OF SOUNDS PRODUCED
BY
CERTAIN
COMBINATIONS
OF
TWO
OR
MORE
LETTERS
OF
THE
kana

x
LIST
OF
THE

214
RADICALS


XI-XX
DICTIONARY
1-212
I.IST
OF CHARACTERS
WHOSE
RADICALS
ARE
OBSCURE


213-219
LIST
OF
USEFUL GEOGRAPHICAL
NAMES
22O-223
PREFACE.
Some
years
ago
the
present
writer discovered a
small

Chinese-
Japanese dictionary
containing
five
thousand
characters. It
was
fairly
well
printed,
was
portable,
in
fact
just
what he
wanted,
but
it
was
nearly
out of
print.
He
was fortunate
enough
to
obtain
a
dozen

copies
in an
obscure
book-shop,
and
made
it a
practice
to
pre-
sent
a
copy
to
young
missionaries
of
special linguistic
promise.
One
of
these
books was
given
to
Rev.
J.
Ira
Jones,
a

student
missionary
at
Fukuoka.
When Mr.
Jones
took
up
the
study
of the
Chinese
characters
in
earnest,
he
applied
the
index
principle
to
the
little
dictionary.
There
was
nothing
original
in
indexing

the
side
margin
with
numbers
for
the
sets of radicals from
one stroke to
seventeen.
But
the
indexing
of the lower
margin
for
the radicals
themselves,
thus
subdividing
the side
indexes,
deserves the
credit
of
a
new
invention.
By
the

first,
the time
required
for
finding
a
character
was
cut one
fourth
; by
the
second,
it
was
reduced an addi-
tional
two
fourths.
Calling
upon
him in
September, 1913,
the writer
saw
the
ingeni-
ous
arrangement,
at:d

learned that
Mr.
Jones
had conceived
the
idea
of a
re-print
of
the
dictionary
in
question,
with the
index feature
added.
Conversation
developed
a
plan
for
an
entirely
new
dictionary
of
something
over
five
thousand

characters,
with
Romaji
and
English
features,
of
pocket
size,
and indexed.
In the end the
five
thousand
characters
grew
to six
thousand.
However,
it
is
hoped
that
the
disadvantage
of
a
somewhat thicker book
will
be
fully

offset
by
the
greater
certainty
of
finding
the
character
sought.
Mr.
Jones
at
once
began
the
task
of
selecting
characters and
pre-
paring
copy.
Laboring
for
several months
quite alone,
he
had
blocked

out the work
and
accomplished
a
good
deal,
when
circum-
stances connected
with
the
health of
his
family
necessitated his
return
to
the
United
States,
leaving
to
his
associate
the
completion
and
revision of the
copy,
and

the
carrying
of the
book
through
the
press.
It
is
at least
unusual that
this
collaboration
has,
of
necessity,
VI
PREFACE.
been carried
on with
the minimum of mutual
consultation. How-
ever,
there
may
perhaps
be
appropriateness
in the
fact

that
the
young-
er
collaborator
has furnished
largely
the
initiative,
ingenuity
and
energy
requisite
for
launching
the
enterprise,
while
it
has been re-
served
for
the
older,
and
necessarily
more
experienced
member,
to

furnish
the
caution
and
care
necessary
to
carry
the
project
to
completion.
The
compilers
have
proceeded
on the
assumption
that if
they
successfully
completed
their
task, they
would
have rendered
an
un-
usual service
to

missionary
and other
students of
the
Japanese
lan-
guage,
and
it is to
be
hoped
that,
in
a measure at
least,
they
have
attained
their
purpose.
Careful
examination
has been made of
existing
dictionaries
pre-
pared by
Europeans
in recent
years,

and
of the
dictionary
which
primarily suggested
this
book, although
special
confidence
has
been
reposed
in
the
Kan-wa Dai
Jirin,
of
the
Ikubunkwan.
Acknowledge-
ment
is
due,
also,
to Mr. S.
Tanaka,
of
the
Saga
Chu

Gakko,
and
Mr.
T.
Sasaki,
of
the
Kyushu
Gakuin,
for
very
considerable
assistance.
It can
hardly
be
expected
that
the
(work
is
mechanically
correct,
or
that
the
judgment
of
the editors as
shown

in
their
renderings
will
be
approved
by
all,
but
it
is
hoped
that
inaccuracies are
few
and
not
such
as
seriously
to
impair
the
usefulness of the
book. It must
be
remembered
that a
pocket
dictionary

of
such a
language
as
the
Chinese,
with
renderings
in
Japanese
and in
English,
has
its
neces-
sary
limitations.
An
especially
kind
judgment
is
bespoken
for the
index
feature.
It
is
the
first

time
that
an
index
of
this
peculiar
kind
has
been
at-
tempted,
and
granting
even
that
its
printing
and
cutting
is
mechanic-
ally
correct,
only
experience
can
show whether
the
best

form
has
been
chosen,
and
whether
the
kind of
paper
selected,
or
indeed,
whether
any
paper,
will,
without
curling
or
tearing,
stand
the
strain
to which it
will be
subjected.
But even
though
only partial
success

in
this
direction
crowns
our
efforts,
the
benefits,
we
feel
sure,
will
not
be
small.
H.
V.
S.
PEEKE.
Saga,
January,
1915.
INTRODUCTION.
Since
the
purpose
of the
compilers
of
this

dictionary
has from
the
first been
that
of
assisting
fellow
students,
it
will
not
be amiss to
offer a few words
of
suggestion
as
to
its
use,
having
in mind
especial-
ly
the
needs
of
those who
are
beginning

the
study
of
Chinese
characters.
The book
is meant
to be
suggestive
rather
than
exhaustive,
so
its
purpose
will
not
have
been
achieved
if
many
are
not
helped by
it
to
pursue inquiries
far
beyond

what
is offered
here. The
six thou-
sand
odd
characters
given
will be
found,
however,
to cover
quite
thoroughly
the
ground
traversed
by
most
writers.
It is claimed that
anyone mastering
the
four thousand
characters
given
in Mr.
Lay's
excellent
dictionary

will be
able
to read
the
columns
of the
Japanese
press
with
ease.
Naturally
much more can
be said
for a
carefully
made
collection of six thousand characters.
Prof.
B.
H.
Chamberlain
tells
us
that
9,500
is
the
maximum number
of
characters

employed
in this
country ;
of which
3,000
are
exceedingly
rare.
Of
the
Tokyo
printing
offices,
he
says,
"
The number of characters
kept
on hand
in
all
the
usual varieties of size and
'face'
is
6,100;
but this
again
must be
regarded

as
a
maximum,
an
abundantly
liberal
limit."
(See
Moji
no
Shirube,
p.
6.)
The
Chinese
characters are called
ideographs,
and
such
they
eminently
are.
But the
exact form and limitations
of
the
"idea''
pictured
are
often left

very vague,
and
the
student
will not find
it
easy
to
accustom himself
to
this
vagueness.
The
same
character
may
be used
to
represent
the
idea in
a verbal
form,
either
active
or
passive,
as a
noun,
singular

or
plural,
as
an
adjective
or an
adverb.
It could
hardly
be
expected
that
all this would be
brought
out in
a
pocket
dictionary,
so the
student
will
often
be
obliged
to work
his
imagination
hard.
Some characters
are more

frequently
used to
express
a transitive
action,
some a
name,
some
a
modifying
idea,
but
that
does not
preclude
other
uses
on occasion.
VIII INTRODUCTION.
In order to make use of
even
an
indexed
dictionary
like
this,
it is
most
desirable
that

the
student
should master
the
radical?,
giving
especial
attention to those
under which
the
most
characters
are
found.
The
preface
to
Dr.
Gring's
Eclectic
Chinese-Japanese-
English
Dictionary gives
excellent
suggestions,
and Chamberlain's
Moji
no Shirube
is,
of

course,
a classic.
No
less
essential
is
it
to
become
thoroughly
familiar
with
the
number of strokes
in
the
radicals,
their
order,
and the
method of
writing.
Time
spent
in
the
beginning
on this
latter
task will be well

spent.
The
writer
ventures
to
recommend his
own
brochure,
Suggestions
for
the
Study
of
the
Chinese
Characters,
in
which
special
attention
is
given
to
the
method
of
writing
the
radicals,
and

to the
order
of
strokes.
In
this
dictionary
the
contractions of
the
radicals
are
noted,
not
only
alongside
the
radical
contracted,
but
separately
in
the
list
of
radicals.
For
example,
? (san-sui)
is a contraction

of
a
four-stroke
radical,
7jt,
and
properly
has
no
place
in the list of
three-stroke
radicals,
but
for
convenience this and
other contractions
written
with
three
strokes,
are
listed
in
that
place.
Similarly,
contractions
written with
four

strokes
are
listed after
the
four-stroke radicals.
It
may
be well
to
call
attention to a
number
of
irregularities
that
are
confusing,
but must
be
borne
with.
The contraction
-H-,
of
$fy
(kusa-kammuri),
is
evidently
written
with

three strokes of
the
brush,
but
as
a
matter
of fact it
is
always
counted
as four strokes
when
characters with it
are classified
in the
dictionary.
The
contraction
IS
of
&
(dzato-heti),
and
ft
of
JfL
(kozato-heti),
are
undoubtedly

written
with two strokes
of the
brush,
but
they
are nevertheless
counted as
having
three
strokes.
The
four-stroke
contraction
%,
(of
JO
is often
written
and
printed
in
such
a
way
as
to
suggest
but
three strokes.

In
the
character
%,
at
the lower
left-hand
corner
is a
hook that
seems
surely
to
require
two
strokes
of
the
brush,
but
that
particular
hook
is
always
counted
as
a
single
stroke

wherever found.
It
will
not do
to
think
that
there is
anything
hit
or
miss about
writing
the
characters and
counting
the
strokes.
It
is true
that
there
is
much
faulty
writing
and
there are
many
so-called

vulgar
characters,
but the
best
dictionaries
discriminate
very
carefully,
INTRODUCTION
IX
and note
exactly
what is
the
correct
and
what the
common
usage,
and there is
a
proper
method
of
counting
strokes
that can be im-
plicitly
relied on.
It

is
sometimes
annoying
to find a character
classified
under a
certain radical
when
apparently
there is as
much reason
for
classify-
ing
it
under
another,
and it was
suggested
that
in
this
book
an at-
tempt
be
made to
list the
characters
under all

possible
radicals,
but
that
would
have
teen
taking
a
liberty
with the
scholarship
of the
ages alongside
which
the
most extreme
English
spelling
reform
would
be
a
mere
nothing,
and
the
attempt
was not
made.

A
number
of
abbreviations
have been
introduced.
Ab.f.=
Ab-
breviated
for;
Alt.f.=
Alternative
for;
Com.
/.^Common
or
vulgar
for;
Com.
Common or
vulgar
(f-) form;
Equiv. Equivalent
to;
Inc.=
Incorrect
form
;
C0r,=Correct
form. The

mark
"
H
"
before
a
radical
in
the
margin
indicates
that the
list of
characters
under
it
begins
on
the
reverse of
the
page.
The mark
"
O
"
found
before
certain
characters

indicates that
they
are
among
those that
Prof.
Chamberlain has referred
to as
"Just
these
2,450
indispensable
characters."
The
endeavour
has
been
made
to
group
these at the
beginning
of
each
set
having
a
primitive
of
the

same
number of strokes under a
given
radical.
SOUNDS
PRODUCED
BY CERTAIN
COMBINATIONS OF
TWO
OR
MORE LETTERS
OF
THE KANA.
From
the
following
list
of
combinations
are omitted
ttigori-ed
letters as
presenting
no
special
difficulties.
Combinations
marked
*
are theoretical.

79=5
XI
LIST OF
THE
-
214
RADICALS
CLASSIFIED
ACCORDING
TO
THE NUMBER
OF
STROKES.
XII
L Baku.
25
XIII
A,
Yd.
52
XIV
^
XV
-^
XVI
(Nogi-heti).
Ketsu,
kechi.
(Ana-kammuri).
Ryu,

ritsu.
(Tatsu-heri}.
Contracted
Radicals.
115
116
117
-I91
/V
ffy
Chiku,
toku.
118
1 J
*ft
(Take-kammuri).
JtfA
Bd,
mai.
119
7|v
120
(Kome-heti).
Beki,
myt
(Ito-hen).
(Ami-gashira).
nn,
TC,
w.

M,
(Me-gashira).
(Hitsuji-hen\
121
122
123
C/,
0.
(Hane-kammuri).
^
(Oi-kammuri).
^a/,
r*.
(Suki-hen}.
(Mimi-hen).
Itsu,
ichi.
(Mku-zuki).
rqp
ft
&
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132

133
131
135
136
137
138
XVII
/. Shoku,
sliki.
B
XVIII
&
XIX
jlj
*,,.
197