Tài liệu Báo cáo "Philippin trong chính sách thương mại của Tây Ban Nha ở Châu á thế kỷ 16-19 " doc

LICH
sCr
- VAN HOA - XA HOI CHAU AU
PHILIPPIN TRONG CHINH
SlICH THl/ONG
m\
CUR
TRV BRN
NHR
6 CHRU R THCKV (XVI-XIX)
Vdo nira dau the ky
XVI,
hai cudng
r \
A
qudc ve thuong mai a chdu Au
Id
Tdy
B;m
Nha vd Bd Ddo Nha deu hudng ve phuong
Ddng de tim kiem huong lieu, vdng bac vd
truyen giao. O chdu Phi, chdu A, Bd Ddo
Nha dang chiem uu the, nhieu cdng sy vd
tram
giao
thuong da dugc thiet lap nhdm
ngdn chdn sy xdm nhap, boat ddng thuang
mai vd canh tranh quyen lyc cua Tdy Ban
Nha y khu vyc nay. Nguge lai, sau khi thiet
lap
dugc

nen thdng trj tai Philippin
(1571),
Tay Ban Nha bien qudn ddo ndy thdnh
phdng tuyen ngdn chdn sy bdnh trudng cua
Bd Ddo Nha, vuon tdi thj trudng huong lieu
Ddng Nam A vd thiet lap quan he thuang
r
mai vdi
Trung Qudc vd Nhdt Bdn. Chinh
quan diem ndy cua Tdy Ban Nha dd tdc dgng
den chinh sdch kinh te ndi chung vd ehinh
sach thuang mai ndi rieng xuyen sudt thdi ki
cai tri cua hg 6 Philippin
(1571-1898).
1.
Diing Philippin de buon ban vdi
Trung Quoc va Nhat Ban
DI
chdng lai su canh tranh cua Bd Ddo
Nha a Ddng Nam A vd thu
hiit
thuang mai
eiia
khu vyc ndy, chinh quyen Tdy Ban Nha
da
dz
ra nhiing chinh sdch khuyin khich
PGS.TS. Dang Van
Chircng
Ths.

Le Thi Lien
BH Sir pham
Hue
thuong nhdn chdu A den budn bdn d Manila.
Hoat dgng thuang mai vai Trung Qudc ludn
dugc Tdy Ban Nha ddt vdo vj tri hang dau a
thuong cdng Manila trong so sdnh vdi cdc
nuac khde. Manila da thu
hiit
nhieu thuong
thuyen cha day to lua den tir Trung Qudc vd
nhieu hdng hda khdc tir cdc nuac Ddng Nam
A.
Tdy Ban Nha da thdnh cdng khi bien
Philippin thdnh thuang cdng cua hg or chau
A. Vdo cudi the ky XVI, chinh sdch dd da
thu duge nhimg ket qud nhat dinh. Vd
"Manila
trd thdnh diem din cua cdc nhd
budn Trung Qudc, Siam, Cambodia, vd qudn
ddo Spice. Trudc cudi the ky XVI, budn bdn
vdi Trung Qudc da phdt dgt. NhOng thuyin
budn ldn cua Tdy Ban Nha tit
cdngAcapulco
cua Mexico da chd tdi Manila tien ddla, bgc
vd vdng nen de mua ta lua
ciia
Trung Qudc,
vd ddng ddla
ciia

Mexico dd dd vdo cdc
thuong cdng ciia Trung Qudc
Id
Qudng
Ddng, Macao, Ninh Ba vdi khdi lugng rdt
ldn vd do do trd thdnh vdt trung gian trao
ddi trong thuang
mgi
qudc ti a Viin
Ddng"^
Ben canh nhung boat dgng thuang mai
cua Manila vdi Trung Qudc, Nhat Ban ciing
' D.G.E.Hall (1997),
L/ch
su
Dong Nam
A,
Nxb Chinh
trj
Quoc gia,
HJtN0i,tr.393.
28
NGHIEN
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CHAU AU EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°l 2 (135).2011
la mpl thi trudrng quan trpng doi vdi thuang
thuyen den tir thuang cang nay, hon niia lay
Ban Nha cung muon canh tranh vai Bd Ddo
Nha trong \icc tham nhap vao thj Irudng

Nhat Ban. Vc phia Nhat Ban, hp cung muon
han
che
sy dpc
quyen ciia
Bd Ddo Nha va
han
che
nhCrng hau qua kinh te do chinh
.sach
ddng cira
ciia
nha Minh gay ra ddi vai thi
Irudng Nhat Ban, gidi cam quyen nudc nay
mudn md rdng quan he vai Philippin va
thdng qua Manila de luu thdng vdi Trung
Quoc. Trong cudn The Manila Galleon, tac
gia William Lytic
Schurz
da danh gia rat cao
\j tri cua Manila nhu sau:
''Trong
Idl cd
nhirng cdng
ihi
d Vien Dong, Manila la diem
Irung tdm lot nhdt cho mdu dich Vien Ddng
cd ve mat dia ly lu nhien vd mat dia ly kinh
li.
CO

hai logi hdng hod
chii
yeu
nhdi
d
thuang cdng ndy la: ta lua tic phuang Bdc
den va huang lieu tir phuang Nam len, de
ddng lap Irung d Manila, sau do nhitng hdng
hod ndy dugc van chuyen di chdu Au, chdu
My, Nhdt Bdn, Trung Qudc, cdc vuong quoc
Dong An Do vd tic Dong Nam bdn ddo Md
Lai den mdt
logt
ddo Ihugc Malucku, dd hinh
Ihdnh nen nua vong Iron ldn ldy Manila ldm
Irung Idm. Xel ve cu ly cdc vung sdn
xudi
chil
yeu nhu Malacca, Macao va Balavia deu
khdng
CO
vi tri uu viet nhu thuang cdng
nay
Xuat phdt tir vi tri rat quan trpng trong
nhimg tuyen thuong mai khu vyc vd
thi
giai,
Tdy Ban Nha da ket ndi thdnh cdng thuang
cdng Manila vai thi trudng Trung Quoc vd
William

Lytle
Schurz (1959), The Manila Galleon, New York: E.
P.
Dutton & Co, p.27.
Nhal Bdn v6i thj trudrng chau My, chau Au
vao the ky
XVll
vd hg da thu duge nhieu lgi
nhuan lir con dudng thuang mai nay.
2.
Lay Philippin de thong thuong vdi
cac thupc dja chau My (thupc Tay Ban
Nha)
Sau khi thilt lap dugc sy thdng
In
d
Philippin
(1571).
lirng buac Tdy Ban Nha da
md ra tuyln mau dich hang hdi thuyen budm
lan tir Manila den Acapulco
ciia
Mexico, van
chuyen bac
ciia Mexico
den Manila de doi
lay to sdng vd lua
ciia
Trung Qudc. Tay Ban
Nha da biln Manila trdr thdnh trung tdm mau

dich quan trgng
ciia
Philippin va
ciia
ea khu
vyc,
vd
Id
ddu mdi quan trgng trong
tu>en
thuang mai chdu A vd chdu My. To lua va
cae hang hod khdc tir thi Irudng Ddng A
duge dua qua Mexico, rdi lir
Mexico
hang
hod lai duge tdi xudt khdu \ do cac nuac chau
Au.
Vdo nhimg ndm 70
ciia
the ky XVI, Tay
ban Nha dd thdm hiem vd xdc lap
Ig
trinh
thuang mgi Manila
.Acapulco.
Trong thdi
ky ddu, cdc tdu budn thudng xudt phdt tir
Cavite vdo thdng 7 di ve hudng Bdc cho den
khi hg gdp gid
Ta>'

a vT tuyln 38 hay 40,
xudi den ddo Aleutian, hg phdt hien con
dudng gpi la
Id
trinh dudng trdn ldn ddng
tdm (Great Circle Route), hg di theo dudng
ndy den hdn ddo gan phia bdc California
ngdy nay. Tir day, hg di thuyen dgc bdr bien
xudng phia Nam cho den Acapulco. Day la
16 trinh ngdn vd nhanh nhdt giira Manila va
Acapulco. Tuy nhien, vdo nhung ndm 80 ciia
thi
ky XVI, chinh quyln Tay Ban Nha
phM
^tiUifbfdtt trn^tjq ehhth
sAeh
29
thay ddi
Id
trinh tir Manila
din
Acapulco.
Thu nhdt, do tren
Id
trinh nay chju nhilu dnh
hudng cua tdm bao gdy nguy hilm eho ede
tau cd trgng tdi ldn, cong
kinh.
Thir hai, do
sy xuat hien

eiia
ngudri Anh vd cd tdu eua
ngudi Ha Lan dgc theo bd bien phia lay nude
MT.
Dd la cac tdu cua Sir Francis Drake (nam
1579) vd Thomas Cavendish, tat ed nhiing
ngudi nay deu quan tdm vd mudn chiem
giii
eon dudng thuang mai vai Manila. Vi vdy,
de trdnh hai mdi nguy hiem tren, Tdy Ban
Nha da thay ddi
Id
trinh gdn ve hudng
Nam
hon, mac
dii Id
trinh ndy tau gap gid nguge
chieu vd thudng mat 5 thdng hay ddi hon de
den dugc Acapulco. Nhung khi tdu quay ve
Philippin. so vdi chuyen di cd phdn de dang
hon, chi mat 40 den 60 ngdy. Tdu thudng rdri
Acapulco vdo thdng 2 hay thdng 3, di ve
hudng Nam eho den khi hg gap gid (vdo
khodng
10
dp
VI
tuyen bdc), nhdr diing chieu
gid hp de ddng den ddo Ladrone, nai md
thinh thoang hp dimg lai tai Guam. Tir day,

hp ve Manila bdng eo bien San
Bemarodino
d
Manila, Tdy Ban Nha kinh doanh to
sdng vd lya Trung Qudc, day
Id nhOng
mat
r
hang ehu dao. Hp kinh doanh ta sdng vd lya
tam md thuong thuyen Trung Qudc chdr den
Manila, rdi sd ta lya ndy dugc chdr
din
Acapulco cua Mexico, sau dd tir Acapulco
vd Sevilla (Tdy Ban Nha) thdm nhdp vdo thj
trudng chdu Au. Cudi
thi
ky XVI cho
din
thi
ky XVII, thuong cdng Manila trdr nen
phdn thinh, vd trdr thdnh mdt trong nhiing
thuong cdng v6i tu cdch la mdt tram trung
chuyen quan trpng trong nhiing boat ddng
thuong mai khu vyc vd
thi
giai duai sy quan
ly
eiia
Tdy Ban Nha.
3.

Tay Ban Nha giir dpc quyen
thuong
m^i
giira Philippin voi chau My,
chau Au va chau A
Thuang mai bdng thuyen budm da dem
lai cho Manila sy thjnh vugng vdo cudi the
ky
XVI
vd nen thuang mai dd da phat trien
nhanh tai
miic
chdng bao lau, cac thuang gia
Xli Seville vd Cadiz (Tdy Ban Nha), nhimg
ngudi qudn li budn ban
ciia
Tay Ban Nha
xudt khau sang My, bat ddu lo ngai trudc lan
sdng hdng hda phuong Ddng - nhat la hang
del Trung Qudc se dnh hudng den viec
budn bdn cua hg vd cdc ngdnh cdng nghiep
ehe bien. Viec xudt khdu mdt khdi lugng ldn
bac tir phdn chdu My thude Tdy Ban Nha
sang phuang Ddng ciing
Id
mdt mdi lo ngai
niia. Do dd, nam 1593, Tdy Ban Nha thi
hdnh chinh sdch ddng cua ddi vdi thuong
mai cua Philippin. Thuang mai
ciia

Philippin
vai cdc thugc dja a chdu My eua Tdy Ban
Nha phdi dugc chuyen cha bang tdu budm
thugc sa hiiu cua nhd nuac Tdy Ban Nha vd
hai cdng duy nhdt dugc phep
Id
Manila
(Philippin) vd Acapulco (Mexico). Chinh
phu Tdy Ban Nha quy dinh: Xuat khdu tir
Manila sang Mexico se bi ban che
or miie
gid
tri tdi da la 250.000 peso vd nhdp khdu vdo
Manila tir Mexico
Id
500.000 peso, vd chi sir
dung hai tdu budm,
siic
cha mdi tdu khdng
qua 300 tdn.
Din
ndm
1734,
ban ngach ndy
Benitez Conrado (1954), History
of the
Philippines,
Manila Ginn
and
Company, Philippines,

p.
145.
30
NGHIEN
CCfU
CHAU AU EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°l
2
(135
011
dugc nang
ICMI
500.000 va
1.000.000
peso,
nhirng so lugng
Idu
chi cdn mot chiec.
Nam
1785,
Cdng ly Hoang gia Philippin
dirge
thanh lap nhdm lang cudrng quan hp
budn ban giira Philippin va Tdy Ban Nha.
Cdng ty dugc trao nhCrng dae quyen thuong
mai cd tinh ddc quyen vdri Manila nhu duge
phep sir dung
thuyC-ii ciia
chinh
phii

lay Ban
Nha, dugc ho trg gia hang hod, dugc uu lien
d
tiit
ca eae cang bicn phucmg Ddng, dugc
mien thul khi xuat hang
.sang
chau Au.
Nhung bdl chdp nhirng no lyc
ciia
Hodng gia
lay
Ban Nha, Cdng ty van khdng phat trien
len duge.
Tir
giu:a thi
ky
XVIII,
hoat ddng budn
ban giti:a Mexico va Philippin gap nhieu khd
khan do ehi phi cho eac dodn
ihuyen
qua
eao,
do gap bao, cudrp bien vd sT quan chi
huy thieu nang lyc. Nhirng thiet hai nay
ket
hgp vdi viec thiet lap cdng ty Hoang gia
Philippin nam
1785

va viec thuong nhdn
Anh, My tien hdnh budn lau vai Mexico
khien eon dudng thuang mai do Tay Ban
Nha lap nen giira Mexico va Philippin bj huy
bd vao thang 4 nam
1815.
Trudc sy phat trien manh me
eiia
kinh te
tu ban chil nghTa a nhieu nuoc Tdy Au vd
Bac My, chinh sach ddng cira Philippin vd
ddc quyen thuang mai khdng cdn
phii
hgp.
Ngdy
6/9/1834,
Nii: hodng Isabel II dd ra mdt
sac lenh gidi tan cdng ty Hodng gia
Philippin, tuyen bd ma cira Philippin ddi vdi
thj trudng
thi
giai, khuyin khich thuang mai
vai Trung Qudc vd bai bd ddc quyln sdn
xudt thuoc
Id.
Tir day ngudri nuac ngodi dan
dan tham nhap vdo kinh ll Philippin.
4.
Tay Ban Nha mo cira thuong mai
Philippin (1834-1898)

Vao nira dau the ky
XIX,
truac lan sdng
xam nhap
6
at
ciia
cdc nuac phuang Tay vao
chdu A, Tdy Ban Nha khdng the tiep tuc
ddng eira, dgc quyen thuong mai
dr
Philippin
nhu truac dugc nira. Chinh vi vdy. nam
1834,
Tdy Ban Nha ban hanh sac
lenh
md
cira ly do boa thuang mai Philippin. Nhd do,
nam
1842,
a Manila ed 39 cdng ty vd thuang
diem ciia
ngudri Tdy Ban Nha va khoang 12
cdng ty
ciia
ngudri ngoai qudc, trong dd 8
cdng ty cua Anh, 2 cdng
t\
ciia
.\IT,

I
cdng ty
eua Phdp vd 1 cdng
t\
ciia
Dan
.Mach.
Cac
lanh sy quan
ciia
Phap, MT, Dan Mach, Thuy
Dicn xudt hicn a Manila. Theo
Bowring,
vao
khoang ndm
1859,
ed
nhieu
cdng ty nudc
ngodi dugc thdnh
lap,
trong dd 8 cdng ty
ciia
Anh, 3 eua MT, 2
ciia
Phap, 2
ciia
Thuy Dien
\
ii I ciia

Dire"*
Mdc dil Manila mo cira, nhieu thuong
nhdn ban xir
iing
hd
ehii
nghTa thuong mai
tir
do nhung vdn chua thoa man
\i
hg gap nhieu
khd khdn trong viec van chuyen hdng hoa
xuat khdu tir cdc tinh cdch xa trung tam
Manila. Hdng hod tir cae tinh
Ilocano,
phia
Nam Luzon, Visaya vd thdm chi Mindanao,
tdt cd phdi chuyen den Manila rdi mai xuat
khdu di. Do thdy he thdng van chuyin nay la
khdng cdn thiet, mdt thai gian, tieu tdn lien
Benitez Conrado (1954), History
of
the
Philippines,
Manila Ginn
and Company, Philippines, p.233.
^lutlftfdn terutq efu'nh
idch
31
bac,

nen hg yeu cdu chinh phu Philippin phdi
md eira nhieu cang biln hon niia. Dap lai yeu
eau nay, ehinh
phii
Philippin ban hdnh sdc
lenh ngdy 29/9/1855, quylt djnh ma
eiia
cac
cang Sual (Pangasian),
lloilo
va Zamboanga;
Mdt sac lenh Hodng gia tilp theo eung dugc
ban hanh ngay 30/7/1860, quy djnh vl viec
Cebu khdng phdi chuyen chd hang hod den
Manila hay lloilo de xuat khau, ddng thai
tuyen bd
mdr
cira cang Cebu mdt each dpe
lap.
Cang Legazpi va Tacloban md nam
1873.
Di
ciing
vai viec md cira nhieu cang d
cae tinh thi. eae cdng ty nuac ngodi ciing
dugc thanh lap a dd.
nudc da thay the hdng hod mang tir eae nude
phuang Ddng khac. Nam
1839,
xudt khdu

hang hod sdn xudt trong nuac vai tdng gia trj
la 2.674.220 peso, trong khi nam
1810
xuat
khau chi 500.000 peso. Va nlu nhu nam
1782,
dudng Id sdn phdm duy nhat thu
hiit
sy
quan tdm eua ede nha san xuat vdi tdng gia
trj xuat khdu la 30.000
pieul
thi
din
nam
1840,
xuat khau dudng len
din
146.661
pieul; vd nam
1854,
tdng so xuat khdu tang
len 566.371 pieul (gap 4 lan sd lugng xuat
khdu ndm
1840);
va nam 1857
len-
din
714.059
pieul.

Tuong ty ddi vdi san pham cay sgi gai
dau, tdng xudt khdu sang Anh,
MT
ciing tang
len lien tyc, mac
dii
mdi xam nhap thj trudng
the gidi vdo ddu the ky XIX. Xem Bang
I.
Bang 1: Xuat khau san pham cay sgi gai dau ciia Philippin (1840-1858)
(Dan vi tinh:
Pieul)
Ty do thuang mai thiie day ndng nghiep
va cdng nghiep che bien phat trien, xudt khau
tang len vd nhiing sdn phdm sdn xudt trong
Nam
Khdi lugng xudt khdu
1840
83.790
1845
102.490
1850
123.410
1853
221,518
1857
327.574
1858
412.502
Ngudn: Benitez Conrado (1954), History of the Philippines, Manila Ginn and

Company, Philippines,
p.236.
Den the ky XIX, thuong mai Philippin da cd sy tien bd ro ret. Xem Bdng 2.
Bdng
2: Xuat nhap khdu cua Philippin (1810-1894),
Nam
1810
1841
1851
1861
1870
Xuat khau
4.795.000
5.329.000
4.172.000
8.065.000
28.000.000
•>
Nhap khau
4.270.000
3.092.000
4.019.968
10.817.444
23.500.000
Nam
1873
1880
1885
1890
1894

Xuat khau
16.753.614
23.450.685
24.553.685
25.167.362
33.149.984
•>
Nhap khau
13.217.836
25.486.461
19.171.468
19.325.674
28.558.552
Ngudn: Eufronio. M.
Alip
(1964), History of
the
Philippines, Manila
Alip
and Sons,
INC, Philippines, p. 92-93.
32
NGHIEN
CCfU
CHAU AU EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°12 (135).2011
Bdng
3: Tong so
dudng
xuat khau ciia

tinh
lloilo (Dgn
vfpiculs)
Ndm
Den nudc ngoai
Den Manila
1859
9.344
77.488
1860
40.176
72.592
1861
44.256
29.312
1862
102.464
98.912
1863
170.832
80.000
Ngudn: Benitez Conrado (1954), History of the Philippines, Manila Ginn and
Company, Philippines,
p.
236.
Philippin ed quan he thuang mai vai
chau Au, chau My vd eae nuac chau A. Ndm
1893,
chilm
Ircn

37% thuang mai v6i Anh;
19%
thuong mai vdi Trung Quoc vd Hong
Kdng:
18%
vai Tdy Ban Nha;
10%
v6i MT;
va edn lai la quan hp thuang mai vai Dire,
Phap,
Nhat vd eac nudrc khac. Hdng hod nhdp
khau hau het
Id
bdng, rugu, gidy, sdt thep, to
lya, giay dep, ddu vd ede san phdm ddng hop.
Philippin eiing phdi nhdp khdu
liia
mi vd gao.
Hang hod xudt khdu: cay gai ddu vd dudng
chiem 75%, cdn lai
Id ciii
dira khd, thudc la,
than, da
thii,
cdy huong lieu chiem 25%.
Nhin mdt each tdng the, tdng sd xudt khdu dd
vugt cao hon tdng nhdp khdu, vd vi vdy dd
tao nen sy cdn bang thuang mai tren qudn
ddo^
Viec mdr eira nhieu cdng mai dd ldm cho

san pham eua cdc viing mien cd mdt dr cdc
cdng mdi ngdy cdng nhieu (xem Bdng 3) vd
hoat ddng thuong mai duge kich thich phdt
trien. Chdng ban, ndm 1857, cdng Sual giri
237 tdu chdr gao
din
Manila, trong dd 60 tdu
di nude ngodi.
Din
ndm 1859, a tinh lloilo
bdt ddu cd ddu
hipu
tdng sdn xudt, todn bg
long gia trj xudt khdu ndm 1858 chi
Id
82.000 peso, ndm 1863 tdng len
1.000.000
peso.
Thuang mai phdt trien thiic day viec xay
dyng dudng xd, cau cong, djch vu buu dien
duge cdi
thipn,
dudng ddy cdp, thdng tin
lien
lac
eung duge dua vdo Philippin; dudng tau
chay bdng hai nuac ciing dugc
xa>
dyng ddu
lien giira Manila Tay Ban Nha Hdng

Kdng; dudng xe ngua bat ddu dugc van hdnh
a Manila; vd cudi cimg, vdi viec mdr rdng
dudng sdt Manila Dagupan ndm 1891,
Philippin thyc sy buac ra khdi nhung the ky
bj ddng cira, cd
lap.
Dr. Padro de Tavera nhdn xet \
e
he qua
cua sy cdi thien dieu kien kinh te
ciia
cu ddn
a cdc tinh:
''Ngudi
Philippin dd cho thdy mot
bdng
chumg
ve su hieu biet vd khdt vgng
ciia
hg bdng cdch giri con cdi
ciia
hg den Manila
hgc tap; mua nhung mon do ndi thdt va
nhirng mdn hdng xa xi cho ngdi nhd vd cho
cd nhdn; mua
pianos,
xe ngua vd
nhieng
mon
hdng nhdp khdu tic MT vd chdu Au cimg vdi

cdc thuang nhdn nudc ngodi' Sy du nhap
cua nhirng mdn hdng xa xi mai ndy da lam
thdnh mgt "cugc cdch mgng trong y
thiec
xa
hgi"^
5.
Nh^n
xet
I. Sau khi thilt lap bg mdy cai tri d
Philippin, Tay Ban Nha thuc hien chinh sdch
Eufronio. M. Alip (1964), History
of
the
Philippines,
Manila Alip
and Sons, INC, Philippines, p.93.
Benitez Conrado (1954), History of the Philippines, Manila Ginn
and Company, Philippines, p.244.
^tuUfifdit teo^tq ehitdt
sAeh
33
cai tri todn dien tren tdt ed cae
ITnh
vyc ehinh
trj,
kinh tl, van hod, xd hdi nhdm bdc
Ipt
thudc dja.
Vl

kinh tl, khde vdri thude dja
chau My, Tay Ban Nha
ehii
trpng vdo khai
md vd sdn xudt ddn diln. Cdn a thudc dja
Philippin, khdng cd nhilu ngudn tdi nguyen
de phat trien ndng nghiep vd cdng nghiep
khai md nen Tdy Ban Nha chi
chii
trpng vdo
thuang mai, va hdu
nliu
khdng quan tdm den
ndng nghiep vd cdng nghiep. Tdy Ban Nha
da lgi dyng vj tri dja
li
thuan Igi vai nhung
cang bien nuac sdu dac biet Id Manila de
bien Philippin thanh mdt diem trung chuyen
hang
hod.
Id
mdt thuang cdng cua hg a chdu
r r
A, vi vdy da thu
biit
tat ed ngudi Tdy Ban
Nha tu binh linh, quan chiic, gido
sT
tham gia

vao boat ddng thuang mai ed nhieu lgi
nhuan nay.
2.
Trong thdi ky ddu thdng trj Philippin,
thuang mai Tdy Ban Nha gap nhieu khd
khan do nhung ddi thu canh tranh tren bien
nhu Anh, Hd Lan, Trung Qudc, Nhdt. Nhiing
thuyen budn
ciia
Tdy Ban Nha thudng bj
cudp phd. Tir cudi the ky XVI
(1593),
chinh
quyen Tdy Ban Nha di vdo eon dudng bdo
thu ban cbl budn bdn, thi hdnh chinh sdch
ddng cira, hdu
hit
thuang nhan nudc ngodi
diu
hi cam vdo Philippin. Cu ddn khdng
duge budn bdn trao ddi hdng hod vdi thuyen
budn ngoai qudc. Hdng xuat khdu trong giai
doan ndy bi gidm siit rdt nhilu. Tuy nhien,
Tay Ban Nha chi duy tri tuyln thuong mai
dpc quyln duy nhdt cua Manila - Acapulco
tirndm 1593 din
1834.
3.
Vdo nira ddu the ky XIX, trudc sy trdi
day eua Anh, My, Phdp Tdy Ban Nha

khdng dil
siie
cd lap Philippin nira va budc
phdi mdr cira. Cdc nuac tu ban phuang Tay
da thiet lap cdc van phdng thuang mai cua
minh tai Manila vd
din
thap ky 60 the ky
XIX,
nhieu cdng bien
eiia
Philippin dugc md
eira, ty do hod thuong mai. Thj trudng ndi
dja dugc hinh thdnh, ca cau ndng nghiep
thay ddi theo hudng xuat khau ndng san va
tien te hod ddt dai. Trong thdnh thj, eac cdng
xudng xudt hien. Da cd lao ddng lam thue
theo
miia.
Kinh te ddn dien
cGng
dugc thiet
lap.
4. Su hien dien cua Tay Ban Nha a
Philippin cimg vdi boat ddng thuong mai da
ldm cho qudn ddo Philippin ed nhieu bien
chuyen. Kinh te Philippin cd sy chuyen djch
trong ca cdu, thuong mai dam nhan vai trd
chil dao thay cho ndng nghiep, cdng nghiep.
Yeu td tu ban

chii
nghTa vdi nen san xuat
hdng boa ra ddri da tac ddng den nen kinh te
thude
dja.
Id
tien de cho nen kinh te Philippin
timg buac hdi nhdp vai nen kinh te the giai.
Nen van hod Philippin tra nen da dang,
phong
phii
do sy ket hgp cua nen van boa
truyen thdng vai vdn hod phuong Tdy vd van
hod Tdy Ban Nha.
Tuy da cd nhihig bien chuyen tich eye,
nhung do chi
Id or
mdt bg phan ngudri
Philippin, cdn tren tat cd cdc
ITnh
vyc, quan
ddo ndy vdo cudi
thi
ky XIX
Id
mdt thudc
dia lac hdu nhdt trong he thdng thugc dja
th|
giai,
xuat phdt tir sy yeu kem gid cdi cua

ehii
nghia thyc dan
cG
Tdy Ban Nha.